Bernardo Bertolucci: Difference between revisions

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{{short description|Italian film director and screenwriter (1941–2018)}}

{{Infobox actor

{{redirect|Bertolucci|the surname|Bertolucci (surname)}}

| name = Bernardo Bertolucci

{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}

| image =

{{Infobox person

| birthdate = {{birth date and age|1940|3|16}}

| name = Bernardo Bertolucci

| ___location = {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Parma]], [[Emilia-Romagna]], [[Italy]]

| honorific_suffix = [[Order of Merit of the Italian Republic|OMRI]]

| deathdate =

| image = Bernardo Bertolucci, film director.jpg

| deathplace =

| caption = Bertolucci, {{circa|1971}}

| birthname =

| birth_date = {{birth date|1941|3|16|df=y}}

| othername =

| birth_place = [[Parma]], Italy

| academyawards = [[Academy Award for Best Director|Best Director]] <br> 1987 ''[[The Last Emperor]]''

| death_date = {{death date and age|2018|11|26|1941|3|16|df=y}}

| spouse = Adriana Asti <br> Clare Peploe (1990-)

| death_place = [[Rome]], Italy

| years_active = 1962–2018

| occupation = {{hlist

| Film director

| screenwriter

}}

| father = [[Attilio Bertolucci]]

| spouse = {{unbulleted list

| {{marriage|[[Adriana Asti]]|end=div}}

| {{marriage|[[Clare Peploe]]|1979}}

}}

| relatives = {{unbulleted list

| [[Mark Peploe]] (brother-in-law)

| [[Giuseppe Bertolucci]] (brother)

}}

| awards = {{see below| {{slink||Awards and nominations}}}}

| module = {{listen |embed=yes |filename=Bernardo Bertolucci bbc radio4 front row 29 04 2013.flac |title=Bernardo Bertolucci's voice |type=speech |description=from the BBC programme [[Front Row (radio programme)|Front Row]], 29 April 2013<ref name="BBC-b01s483g">{{cite episode |title=Bernardo Bertolucci |series=Front Row |series-link=Front Row (radio programme) |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b01s483g |access-date=18 January 2014 |station=BBC Radio 4 |date=29 April 2013}}</ref>

}}

}}

'''Bernardo Bertolucci''' {{post-nominal styles|post-noms=[[Order of Merit of the Italian Republic|OMRI]]}} ({{IPAc-en|ˌ|b|əːr|t|ə|ˈ|l|uː|tʃ|i}} {{respell|BUR|tə|LOO|chee}}; {{IPA|it|berˈnardo bertoˈluttʃi|lang}}; 16 March 1941 – 26 November 2018) was an Italian film director and screenwriter with a career that spanned 50 years. Considered one of the greatest directors in the history of cinema,<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" /> Bertolucci's work achieved international acclaim. With ''[[The Last Emperor]]'' (1987) he became the first Italian filmmaker to win the [[Academy Award for Best Director]],{{efn|Italian-born [[Frank Capra]] won in the category twice, but was a naturalized U.S. citizen.}} and he received many other accolades including a [[BAFTA Award]], a [[César Award]], two [[Golden Globe]]s, a [[Golden Lion]] in 2007, and an Honorary [[Palme d'Or]] at [[2011 Cannes Film Festival|Cannes in 2011]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Bernardo Bertolucci to receive Palme d'Or honour |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-13041286 |publisher=BBC News |date=11 April 2011 |access-date=25 August 2012}}</ref>

'''Bernardo Bertolucci''' (born [[March 16]], [[1940]]) is an [[Italia]]n [[writer]] and [[Academy Award]] winning [[film director]].

A protégé of [[Pier Paolo Pasolini]],<ref>{{cite web|title=A director outgrowing the influence: Bernardo Bertolucci in the 1960s {{!}} Sight & Sound|url=https://www2.bfi.org.uk/news-opinion/sight-sound-magazine/features/director-outgrowing-influence-bernardo-bertolucci-1960s|access-date=2021-03-16|website=British Film Institute|date=28 November 2018}}</ref> Bertolucci made his directorial debut at 22. His second film, ''[[Before the Revolution]]'' (1964), earned strong international reviews and has since gained classic status, being called a "masterpiece of Italian cinema" by [[Film4]]. His 1970 film ''[[The Conformist (1970 film)|The Conformist]]'', an adaptation of the [[Alberto Moravia]] [[The Conformist|novel]], is considered a classic of international cinema,<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=Bernardo Bertolucci obituary: extraordinary director of visually outstanding cinema {{!}} Sight & Sound|url=https://www2.bfi.org.uk/news-opinion/sight-sound-magazine/comment/obituaries/bernardo-bertolucci-extraordinary-visual-cinema-director|access-date=2021-03-15|website=British Film Institute|date=28 November 2018}}</ref> and was nominated for an [[Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay]] and the prestigious [[Golden Bear|Berlin Golden Bear]]. His 1972 erotic drama ''[[Last Tango in Paris]]'' was controversial due to its rape scene and comments made by actress [[Maria Schneider (actress)|Maria Schneider]] about her treatment on set.<ref>{{Cite web |last=North |first=Anna |date=2018-11-26 |title=The disturbing story behind the rape scene in Bernardo Bertolucci's Last Tango in Paris, explained |url=https://www.vox.com/2018/11/26/18112531/bernardo-bertolucci-maria-schneider-last-tango-in-paris |access-date=2024-05-28 |website=Vox |language=en-US}}</ref> Bertolucci's later films such as the historical epic ''[[1900 (film)|1900]]'' (1976), the family drama ''[[La Luna (1979 film)|La Luna]]'' (1979), and the darkly comedic ''[[Tragedy of a Ridiculous Man]]'' (1981), were also controversial but acclaimed.

== Biography ==

=== Early years and family ===

Bernardo Bertolucci was born in the Italian city of [[Parma]], in the region of [[Emilia Romagna]]. He was the second son of his father [[Attilio Bertolucci|Attilio]], who was a poet, a reputed art historian, anthologist and also a film critic. Having been raised in such an environment, Bertolucci began writing at the age of fifteen, and soon after received several prestigious literary prizes including the ''Premio Viareggio'' for his first book. His father's background helped his career: the elder Bertolucci had helped the Italian filmmaker [[Pier Paolo Pasolini]] publish his first novel, and Pasolini reciprocated by hiring Bertolucci as first assistant in Rome on ''[[Accattone]]'' ([[1961]]). But Bertolucci's potential had already been noticed by others, such as [[Sergio Leone]], who asked him to write the storyline for ''[[Once Upon a Time in the West]]''. Leone later rejected it as too cerebral for an [[United States|American]] audience.

His 1987 film ''The Last Emperor'', a biopic of Chinese monarch [[Puyi]], was a critical and commercial success, earning rave reviews and sweeping the [[60th Academy Awards]] (including [[Academy Award for Best Picture|Best Picture]] and Best Director). He followed its success with two more films in his "Oriental Trilogy"<ref>{{cite web |last=Leonelli |first=Elisa |title=Remembering Bernardo Bertolucci|url=https://www.culturalweekly.com/remembering-bernardo-bertolucci/ |website=Cultural Weekly |date=26 November 2018 |access-date=16 March 2021 |language=en-US}}</ref> – [[The Sheltering Sky (film)|''The Sheltering Sky'']], an adaptation of the [[The Sheltering Sky|novel of the same name]], and ''[[Little Buddha]]'', a Buddhist religious epic. His 1996 film, ''[[Stealing Beauty]]'', brought him his second of two Palme d'Or nominations. He continued directing well into the 21st century, releasing his final film, ''[[Me and You (film)|Me and You]]'', in 2012.

Bertolucci has two brothers: the film producer Giovanni (b. 24 June 1940) and the theatre director and playwright Giuseppe (b. 27 February 1947).

Bertolucci's films often deal with themes of politics, sexuality, history, [[class conflict]] and social taboos,<ref>{{cite web|last=Ebiri|first=Bilge|title=Bertolucci, Bernardo – Senses of Cinema|date=26 July 2020 |url=https://www.sensesofcinema.com/2004/great-directors/bertolucci/|access-date=2021-03-16|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Hornaday|first=Ann|title=Perspective {{!}} More than anyone, Bernardo Bertolucci exemplified the pain and pleasure of the male gaze|language=en-US |newspaper=The Washington Post|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/style/more-than-anyone-bernardo-bertolucci-exemplified-the-pain-and-pleasure-of-the-male-gaze/2018/11/26/563251d4-f198-11e8-80d0-f7e1948d55f4_story.html|access-date=2021-03-16|issn=0190-8286}}</ref> and his style has influenced several filmmakers.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> Several of his films have appeared on lists of the [[List of films considered the best|greatest films of all time]].

His first wife was Adriana Asti, star of his early film ''Prima della rivoluzione''. In 1978 he married Clare Peploe, a British screenwriter who has since directed a few films as well.

=== FirstEarly filmlife ===

Bertolucci was born in the Italian city of [[Parma]], in the region of [[Emilia-Romagna]]. He was the elder son of Ninetta (Giovanardi), a teacher, and [[Attilio Bertolucci]], who was a poet, a reputed art historian, anthologist and film critic.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.filmreference.com/film/34/Bernardo-Bertolucci.html |title=Bernardo Bertolucci Biography (1940-) |publisher=Film Reference |access-date=14 September 2010}}</ref> His mother was born in Australia,<ref name="google">{{cite book|title=Bernardo Bertolucci: Interviews|author1=Bertolucci, B.|author2=Gerard, F.S.|author3=Kline, T.J.|author4=Sklarew, B.H.|date=2000|publisher=University Press of Mississippi|isbn=9781578062058|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pXjyHVUD-GcC&pg=PR17|access-date=16 October 2016}}</ref><ref name="corriere">{{cite web|url=http://cinquantamila.corriere.it/storyTellerThread.php?threadId=BERTOLUCCI+Bernardo|publisher=cinquantamila.corriere.it|title=Bernardo Bertolucci - biografia|access-date=16 October 2016|archive-date=18 October 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161018220055/http://cinquantamila.corriere.it/storyTellerThread.php?threadId=BERTOLUCCI+Bernardo|url-status=dead}}</ref> to an Italian father and an Australian mother (of Irish and Scottish descent).

Bertolucci initially wished to become a poet like his father. With this goal in mind, he attended the Faculty of Modern Literature of the [[University of Rome La Sapienza|University of Rome]] from 1958 to 1961. This is where his film career began, as mentioned previously, as an assistant director to Pasolini. Shortly after this, Bertolucci left the University without graduating. In 1962, at the age of 21, he directed his first feature film, ''[[La commare secca]]'' ([[1962]]) The film is a short murder mystery, following a prostitute's homicide. Bertolucci uses flashbacks to piece together the crime and the person who committed it. The film which shortly followed was his acclaimed ''[[Prima della rivoluzione]]'' (''Before the Revolution'', [[1964]]).

Having been raised in an artistic environment, Bertolucci began writing at the age of 15, and soon after received several prestigious literary prizes, including the ''Premio Viareggio'' for his first book. His father's background helped his career: the elder Bertolucci had helped the Italian filmmaker [[Pier Paolo Pasolini]] publish his first novel, and Pasolini reciprocated by hiring Bertolucci as his first assistant in Rome on ''[[Accattone]]'' (1961).

The boom of [[Cinema of Italy|Italian cinema]] that gave Bertolucci his start slowed in the [[1970s]], as directors were forced to co-produce their films with several of the American, Swedish, French, and German companies and actors due to the effects of the global economic recession on the Italian film industry. It has been speculated that this is the point in its history at which Italian cinema began to depend upon the international market.

Bertolucci had one brother, the theatre director and playwright [[Giuseppe Bertolucci|Giuseppe]] (27 February 1947 – 16 June 2012). His cousin was the film producer Giovanni Bertolucci (24 June 1940 – 17 February 2005), with whom he worked on a number of films.

=== Collaboration with co-producers ===

Directors increasingly were forced to co-produce their films with French, American, Swedish, and German companies, in order both to finance them and to appear competitive in the now-international entertainment industry. Bertolucci was no exception. ''[[Last Tango in Paris]]'' ([[1972]]), starring [[Marlon Brando]] and [[Maria Schneider (actress)|Maria Schneider]] exemplified the new trend for Italian movies to make more money by employing foreign actors in starring roles: ''Last Tango'' included only one Italian actor, [[Massimo Girotti]], in a main role. Bertolucci's ''[[1900 (film)|1900]]'' ([[1976]]), starring [[Burt Lancaster]], [[Donald Sutherland]], [[Robert de Niro]], and [[Gérard Depardieu]], is often said to mark the point at which the Italian film industry's dependence on the international market began to contribute to the disintegration of its national identity, although the film itself is entirely focused on an Italian theme: it chronicles the lives of two men during the political turmoils that took place in [[Italy]] in the first half on the [[20th century]].

=== PoliticsCareer ===

=== Directorial breakthrough ===

Bertolucci might not regret this disintegration: he is actively political, and a confessed [[Marxist]]. Like [[Visconti]], who similarly employed many foreign artists during the late 1960s, Bertolucci uses his films to express his political views; hence they are often autobiographical as well as highly controversial. His political films were preceded by others re-evaluating history. ''[[The Conformist]]'' ([[1970]]) criticised [[Fascist]] ideology, touched upon the relationship between nationhood and nationalism, as well as issues of popular taste and collective memory, all amid an international plot by Mussolini to assassinate a professor of politics in Paris, France. ''[[1900 (film)|1900]]'' also analyses the struggle of Left and Right. The [[1987]] epic ''[[The Last Emperor]]'' (recently re-released at an extended 219 minutes) allowed Bertolucci to influence politics both through his characters and through the act of making the film itself. He was granted unprecedented permission to film in the [[Forbidden City]] of [[Beijing]], and the film's central character [[Pu Yi]] undergoes a decade-long communist re-education under [[Mao Zedong|Mao]] which takes him from the peacock colours of the palace to the grey suit worn by his contemporaries to live out his life as a gardener.

Bertolucci initially wished to become a poet like his father. With this goal in mind, he attended the Faculty of Modern Literature of the [[University of Rome La Sapienza|University of Rome]] from 1958 to 1961, where his film career as an assistant director to Pasolini began.<ref>{{cite web|title=A YOUNG BERTOLUCCI TALKS ABOUT PASOLINI (from "Pasolini l'Enragé")|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NR0D8nuI1iE| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120305132329/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NR0D8nuI1iE&gl=US&hl=en| archive-date=2012-03-05 | url-status=dead|work=YouTube|publisher=Google, Inc|access-date=25 August 2012|author=theblackpaul|date=3 June 2010}}</ref> Shortly after, Bertolucci left the university without graduating. In 1962, at the age of 22, he directed his first feature film, produced by [[Tonino Cervi]] with a screenplay by Pasolini, called ''[[La commare secca]]'' (1962). The film is a murder mystery, following a prostitute's homicide. Bertolucci uses flashbacks to piece together the crime and the person who committed it. The film which shortly followed was his acclaimed ''[[Before the Revolution]]'' (''Prima della rivoluzione'', 1964).

The boom of [[Cinema of Italy|Italian cinema]], which gave Bertolucci his start, slowed in the 1970s as directors were forced to co-produce their films with several of the American, Swedish, French, and German companies and actors due to the effects of the global economic recession on the Italian film industry.

== Evaluation ==

Many [[critics]] consider sex and [[politics]] the defining characteristics of Bertolucci's films. ''Last Tango'' examines sex in an extremely carnal and disturbed way. It is seen as an erotic film which opened the door to eroticism in general-release films. ''[[The Conformist]]'' is based political themes, more specifically, fascism, and the relationship between personal comfort and ideals. The film deals with Fascist Italy and can be seen as both artistic and intellectual. This film is thought to demonstrate his excellence as a director. While he has directed, written, or been otherwise involved in dozens of [[movies]] over five decades, and his range is extremely broad, these themes nonetheless figure prominently throughout his work, especially in his most noted and most recent releases. ''[[Stealing Beauty]]'' offers little heterogeneity and ''[[The Dreamers]]'' manages to include both subject matters and little else. Whether this narrowness is Bertolucci's intent or merely a symptom of the narrowness some critics accuse him of, he has used the controversy aroused by his films iconoclastically to encourage people to reconsider themselves and their [[society]]; he is often considered successful in pushing back the boundaries of propriety. Bertolucci enthusiasts will also notice the similarities between characters in films, particularly in the two most recent (''Stealing Beauty'', 1996, and ''The Dreamers'', 2003). For example, the two female leads in both films ([[Liv Tyler]] and [[Eva Green]]), are fair of skin, slender, dark haired and blue eyed. Both characters are heavy smokers during the fashionable ages of youth, and both are shown losing their virginities, at the age of nineteen. Both Tyler and Green appear in full frontal nude scenes. In both films, Bertolucci speaks of 'proof of love,' using almost the exact same lines each time.

Bertolucci caused controversy in 1972 with the film ''[[Last Tango in Paris]]'', starring [[Marlon Brando]], [[Maria Schneider (actress)|Maria Schneider]], [[Jean-Pierre Léaud]] and [[Massimo Girotti]]. The film presents Brando's character, Paul, as he copes with his wife's suicide by emotionally and physically dominating a young woman, Jeanne (Schneider). The depictions of Schneider, then 19 years old, have been criticized as exploitive. In one scene, Paul anally rapes Jeanne using butter as a lubricant. Bertolucci said use of butter was not in the script; Bertolucci and Brando had discussed it, but they did not tell Schneider. According to Schneider, the rape scene was not in the script at all.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.smh.com.au/entertainment/movies/downhill-ride-for-maria-after-her-tango-with-brando-20060622-gdnt2a.html|title=Downhill ride for Maria after her tango with Brando|date=2006-06-22}}</ref> She said in 2007 that she had cried "real tears" during the scene and had felt humiliated and "a little raped".<ref name=Izadi5Dec2016>Izadi, Elahe (5 December 2016). [https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/arts-and-entertainment/wp/2016/12/05/why-the-last-tango-in-paris-rape-scene-is-generating-such-an-outcry-now/ "Why the 'Last Tango in Paris' rape scene is generating such an outcry now"], ''The Washington Post''.</ref><ref name="Macnab"/><ref name=Summers4Dec2016>Summers, Hannah (4 December 2016). [https://www.theguardian.com/film/2016/dec/04/actors-disgust-last-tango-paris-rape-scene-confession-bertolucci "Actors voice disgust over Last Tango in Paris rape scene confession"], ''[[The Guardian]]''.</ref> In 2013 Bertolucci said that he had withheld the information from Schneider to generate a real "reaction of frustration and rage".<ref name="Macnab">{{cite news|author=Geoffrey Macnab|newspaper= The Guardian|date=1 February 2013|title=Bernardo Bertolucci: 'I thought I couldn't make any more movies'|access-date=16 February 2013|url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2013/feb/01/bernardo-bertolucci-berlusconi-last-tango}}</ref> Brando alleged that Bertolucci had wanted the characters to have real sex, but Brando and Schneider both said it was simulated.<ref name=Izadi5Dec2016/> In 2016 Bertolucci released a statement where he clarified that Schneider had known of the violence to be depicted in the scene, but had not been told about the use of butter.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2016/dec/05/bernardo-bertolucci-last-tango-in-paris-response-maria-schneider|title=Bernardo Bertolucci: Last Tango controversy is 'ridiculous'|last=Lee|first=Benjamin|date=5 December 2016|work=The Guardian|access-date=2 June 2017|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077}}</ref>

In ''The Dreamers'', the character Isabelle, declares she was born in 1959 even though the film is set in the late sixties. This line is not to be taken literally; it is a reference to [[Jean-Luc Godard]]'s film ''[[Breathless (1960 film)|Breathless]]'' (1959) as the character then proceeds to renact a famous scene from the Godard film.

Following the “media glare” and her fame after the film's release, Schneider became a drug addict and suicidal.<ref>{{cite news|last1=McLellan|first1=Dennis|title=Maria Schneider dies at 58; actress in 'Last Tango in Paris'|url=https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/la-xpm-2011-feb-04-la-me-maria-schneider-20110204-story.html|newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]]|access-date=24 March 2015|date=4 February 2011}}</ref> Criminal proceedings were brought against Bertolucci in Italy for obscenity; the film was sequestered by the censorship commission and all copies were ordered destroyed. An Italian court revoked Bertolucci's [[Civil and political rights|civil rights]] for five years and gave him a four-month [[Suspended sentence|suspended]] prison sentence.<ref>{{cite web|title=Bernardo Bertolucci |url=http://www.rannakino.ee/en/programm/july-2012.html?id=348 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130213033410/http://www.rannakino.ee/en/programm/july-2012.html?id=348 |url-status=dead |archive-date=13 February 2013 |work=Rannakino |access-date=26 August 2012 |author=Rannakino |year=2012 }}</ref> In 1978, the Appeals Court of [[Bologna, Italy|Bologna]] ordered three copies of the film to be preserved in the national film library with the stipulation that they could not be viewed, until Bertolucci was later able to re-submit it for general distribution with no cuts.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Rashkin|first1=Esther|title=Unspeakable Secrets and the Psychoanalysis of Culture|date=2008|publisher=SUNY Press|___location=Albany, New York|isbn=978-0791475348|page=224|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EuQmXl2j9cgC&pg=PA223|access-date=24 March 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2016/dec/04/last-tango-in-paris-director-says-maria-schneider-butter-scene-not-consensual|title=Last Tango in Paris director suggests Maria Schneider 'butter rape' scene not consensual|first1=Bonnie|last1=Malkin|date=3 December 2016|newspaper=The Guardian}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/hollywood-reacts-disgust-outrage-last-tango-paris-directors-resurfaced-rape-scene-confession-95|title=Hollywood Reacts With Disgust, Outrage Over 'Last Tango in Paris' Director's Resurfaced Rape Scene Confession|website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|date=3 December 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://variety.com/2016/film/news/last-tango-in-paris-rape-scene-consensual-bernardo-bertolucci-1201933117/|title='Last Tango in Paris' Rape Scene Was Not Consensual, Director Bernardo Bertolucci Admits|first=Seth|last=Kelley|date=3 December 2016}}</ref>

== Spiritualism, certainty, and self-doubt ==

Bertolucci also has a talent for putting the human [[soul]] under the [[microscope]]. [[Psychoanalysis]] is as central to his films as it is to [[Woody Allen]]'s, and Marlon Brando claimed that Bertolucci's sharing of psychoanalytical confidences with the star on the set of ''[[Last Tango in Paris]]'' helped elicit the performance that many consider Brando's best.

Bertolucci himself is also known for the number of psychologists who have followed him everywhere, even interpreting his dreams, as a subject of dissertations and research on the creative artist. His interest in understanding the human condition has led to the many explicit scenes in his films.

[[File:Bernardo Bertolucci Hollywood Walk of Fame.jpg|thumb|right|upright=0.9|Bertolucci's star on [[Hollywood Walk of Fame]]]]

''[[Last Tango in Paris]]'' presents Marlon Brando's character Paul as he finds comfort in an anonymous affair after the death of his wife in violent circumstances. The film caused controversy in Italy for a sodomy scene, and it was sequestered by the [[censorship]] commission and all copies were ordered destroyed. An Italian court revoked Bertolucci's civil rights for five years and gave him a four-month suspended prison sentence. Many years after, when the general modesty had changed and the censorship commission had been abolished, the film reappeared (because Bertolucci had kept a clandestine copy) and was projected in a slightly censored version.

Bertolucci increased his fame with his next few films, from ''[[1900 (film)|1900]]'' (1976), an epic depiction of the struggles of farmers in [[Emilia-Romagna]] from the beginning of the 20th century up to [[World War II]] with an international cast ([[Robert De Niro]], [[Gérard Depardieu]], [[Donald Sutherland]], [[Sterling Hayden]], [[Burt Lancaster]], [[Dominique Sanda]]) to ''[[La Luna (1979 film)|La Luna]]'', set in [[Rome]] and in [[Emilia-Romagna]], in which Bertolucci deals with the thorny issue of drugs and [[incest]], and finally ''[[Tragedy of a Ridiculous Man|La tragedia di un uomo ridicolo]]'' (1981), with [[Ugo Tognazzi]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Tragedy of a Ridiculous Man: A Kidnaping as Seen by Bertolucci |last=Canby |first=Vincent |date=12 February 1982 |work=The New York Times |url=http://movies.nytimes.com/movie/review?res=9505E5DA103BF931A25751C0A964948260}}</ref>

He then wrote two screenplays based on [[Dashiell Hammett]]'s [[Red Harvest]]. He hoped this would be his first film set in America, but nothing came of it.<ref name=guardobit>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2018/nov/26/bernardo-bertolucci-obituary|title=Bernardo Bertolucci obituary |work=The Guardian|date=26 November 2018|access-date=29 November 2018}}</ref>

In this and other films, Bertolucci examines the power of sexual relations in people's lives. ''[[Stealing Beauty]]'' gives a visual account of a girl growing into a woman during a summer abroad. His latest work, ''[[The Dreamers]]'', has been criticised not only for its extensive sex scenes but also for the inclusion of male masturbation. In it, the sexual relations of three main characters serve to expose their thoughts. For instance, when Theo is shown to masturbate it is in the context that the one he loves the most, his sister, seems to be growing away from him and he can see the development of a relationship between the newcomer and his sister that excludes him. The film hints at an unnatural relationship between brother and sister, a relationship that borders on [[incest]]. The chaos in ordered family relationships mirrors the chaos on the streets outside as France experiences the turbulent [[May 1968]] days of the student revolt.

[[image:Last=== emperor poster (1987).jpg|right|thumb|''The Last Emperor'', 1987.]]and later career ===

[[File:Bernardo Bertolucci.jpg|right|thumb|Bertolucci in 2011]]

In 1987, Bertolucci directed the epic ''[[The Last Emperor]]'', a biographical film telling the life story of [[House of Aisin-Gioro|Aisin-Gioro]] [[Puyi]], the last emperor of China. The film was independently produced by British producer [[Jeremy Thomas]], with whom Bertolucci worked almost exclusively from then on. The film was independently financed and three years in the making. Bertolucci, who co-wrote the film with [[Mark Peploe]], won the [[Academy Award for Best Director]]. The film uses Puyi's life as a mirror that reflects China's passage from [[feudalism]] through revolution to its current state.

At the [[60th Academy Awards]], ''The Last Emperor'' [[List of films receiving six or more Academy Awards|won all nine Oscars]] for which it was nominated: [[Academy Award for Best Picture|Best Picture]], [[Academy Award for Best Director|Best Director]], [[Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay|Best Writing, Screenplay Based on Material from Another Medium]], [[Academy Award for Best Cinematography|Best Cinematography]], [[Academy Award for Best Film Editing|Best Film Editing]], [[Academy Award for Best Costume Design|Best Costume Design]], [[Academy Award for Best Production Design|Best Art Direction-Set Decoration]], [[Academy Award for Best Original Score|Best Music, Original Score]] and [[Academy Award for Best Sound Mixing|Best Sound]].<ref name=nyt88>{{cite news|first=Aljean|last=Harmetz|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1988/04/12/movies/the-last-emperor-wins-9-oscars-and-is-named-best-film-of-1987.html|title='The Last Emperor' Wins 9 Oscars And Is Named Best Film of 1987|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=12 April 1988|access-date=29 November 2018}}</ref>

== Academy Award ==

In 1987, Bertolucci directed the epic, ''[[The Last Emperor]]'', which was a biographical film that told the life story of Aisin-Gioro [[Puyi]], the last Emperor of [[China]]. Bertolucci won the Academy Award for [[Academy Award for Directing|Best Director]]. The movie starred [[John Lone]], [[Joan Chen]], [[Peter O'Toole]], [[Ruocheng Ying]], [[Victor Wong]], [[Dennis Dun]], [[Ryuichi Sakamoto]], [[Maggie Han]], [[Ric Young]], [[Vivian Wu]], and [[Chen Kaige]]. The movie was written by [[Mark Peploe]] and Bernardo Bertolucci. ''The Last Emperor'' uses Pu Yi's life as a mirror that reflects China's passage from [[feudalism]] through revolution to its current state.

''The Last Emperor'' was the first feature film ever authorized by the government of the People's Republic of China to film in the [[Forbidden City]].<ref>{{cite magazine|url=http://www.time.com/time/printout/0,8816,967235,00.html|title=Love And Respect, Hollywood-Style|date=April 25, 1988|first=Richard|last=Corliss|authorlink=Richard Corliss|magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]|access-date=20 July 2021|archive-date=5 January 2013|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130105160122/http://www.time.com/time/printout/0,8816,967235,00.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Bertolucci had proposed the film to the Chinese government as one of two possible projects. The other film was ''[[Man's Fate#Film adaptations|La Condition Humaine]]'' by [[André Malraux]]. The Chinese government preferred ''The Last Emperor''.<ref>{{cite news|first=Charles|last=Champlin|authorlink=Charles Champlin|url= https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1987-12-06-ca-26851-story.html|title=Bertolucci: The Emperor's New Clothier|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]|date=6 December 1987|access-date=30 November 2018}}</ref>

''The Last Emperor'' won all 9 Academy Awards for which it was nominated for—[[Academy Award for Best Picture|Best Picture]], [[Academy Award for Best Art Direction|Best Art Direction-Set Decoration]], [[Academy Award for Best Cinematography|Best Cinematography]], [[Academy Award for Costume Design|Best Costume Design]], [[Academy Award for Directing|Best Director]], [[Academy Award for Film Editing|Best Film Editing]], [[Academy Award for Original Music Score|Best Music, Original Score]], [[Academy Award for Sound|Best Sound]] and [[Academy Award for Writing Adapted Screenplay|Best Writing, Screenplay Based on Material from Another Medium]].

After ''The Last Emperor'', ''[[The Sheltering Sky (film)|The Sheltering Sky]]'' and ''[[Little Buddha]]'', Bertolucci returned to Italy to film, and to revisit his old themes but with varying results from both critics and the public. He filmed ''[[Stealing Beauty]]'' in 1996,<ref>{{cite news|first=Julia|last=Felsenthal|url=https://www.vogue.com/article/liv-tyler-stealing-beauty-summer-movie|title=Why Stealing Beauty Is the Ultimate Summer Movie|work=[[Vogue (magazine)|Vogue]]|date=July 1, 2015|access-date=December 12, 2017}}</ref> then ''[[The Dreamers (2003 film)|The Dreamers]]'' in 2003, which describes the political passions and sexual revolutions of two siblings in Paris in 1968.<ref>{{cite web|first=Peter|last=Bradshaw|authorlink=Peter Bradshaw|url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/News_Story/Critic_Review/Guardian_Film_of_the_week/0,4267,1141606,00.html|title=The Dreamers|newspaper=The Guardian |date=6 December 2004|access-date=12 December 2017}}</ref>

''The Last Emperor'' was the first feature film ever authorized by the government of the People's Republic of China to film in the [[Forbidden City]]. Bertolucci had proposed the film to the Chinese government as one of two possible projects. The other film was "La Condition Humaine" by André Malraux. The Chinese government preferred ''The Last Emperor'', and made no restrictions on the content. ''The Last Emperor'' became the first western film made in China and about the country to be produced with full Chinese government cooperation since 1949.

In 2007, Bertolucci received the Golden Lion Award at the [[Venice Film Festival]] for his life's work, and in 2011 he also received the [[Palme d'Or]] at the [[Cannes Film Festival]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cinematografo.it/news/speciale-palma-doro-a-bertolucci/ |title=Speciale Palma d'Oro a Bertolucci |website=Cinematografo.it |access-date=2 August 2011}}</ref>

In 2012, his final film, ''[[Me and You (film)|Me and You]]'', was screened out of competition at the [[2012 Cannes Film Festival]]<ref name="Official Selection">{{cite web |url=http://www.festival-cannes.fr/en/article/58878.html |title=2012 Official Selection |access-date=26 May 2012 |work=Cannes}}</ref><ref name="latinamericanfilm">{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2012/may/22/me-and-you-review?newsfeed=true |title=Cannes 2012: Me and You (Io e Te) – review |access-date=26 May 2012 |first=Peter |last=Bradshaw |authorlink=Peter Bradshaw|work=The Guardian|date=22 May 2012}}</ref> and was released early in 2013 in the UK. The film is an adaptation of [[Niccolò Ammaniti]]'s [[young adult fiction|young adult]] book ''[[Me and You (novel)|Me and You]]''. The screenplay for the movie was written by Bertolucci, Umberto Contarello and Niccolò Ammaniti.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Bernardo Bertolucci girerà il suo prossimo film in 3D |first=Nicoletta |last=Gemmi |date=18 February 2011 |url=http://www.primissima.it/cinema_news/scheda/bernardo_bertolucci_girera_il_suo_prossimo_film_in_3d/ |access-date=1 March 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181126135138/http://www.primissima.it/cinema_news/scheda/bernardo_bertolucci_girera_il_suo_prossimo_film_in_3d/ |archive-date=26 November 2018 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Bertolucci originally intended to shoot the film in [[3D film|3D]] but was forced to abandon this plan due to cost.<ref>{{cite news|last=Vivarelli|first=Nick|title=Bertolucci abandons 3D plan for 'Me and You'|url=https://variety.com/2011/film/news/bertolucci-abandons-3d-plan-for-me-and-you-1118044104/|access-date=21 April 2012|work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|date=7 October 2011}}</ref>

Bertolucci appeared on the [[BBC Radio 4|Radio Four]] programme ''[[Start the Week]]'' on 22 April 2013,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b01s09js|title=Start the week|date=22 April 2013|access-date=29 November 2013}}</ref> and on ''[[Front Row (radio programme)|Front Row]]'' on 29 April 2013, where he chose ''[[La Dolce Vita]]'', a film directed by [[Federico Fellini]], for the "Cultural Exchange".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p02p38dh|title=Cultural Exchange|date=29 April 2013|access-date=29 November 2013}}</ref>

In the spring of 2018, in an interview with the Italian edition of ''[[Vanity Fair (magazine)#International editions|Vanity Fair]]'', Bertolucci announced that he was preparing a new film. He stated, "The theme will be love, let's call it that. In reality, the theme is communication and therefore also incommunicability. The favorite subject of [[Michelangelo Antonioni]] and the condition I found myself facing when I moved on from my films for the few, those of the sixties, to a broader cinema ready to meet a large audience."<ref name=vanit2018>{{cite web|first=Malcolm|last=Pagani|url=https://www.vanityfair.it/show/cinema/2018/11/26/addio-a-bernardo-bertolucci-morto-roma-regista|title=Addio a Bernardo Bertolucci. L'ultima intervista|work=[[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]]|date=26 November 2018|access-date=30 November 2018|language=it}}</ref>

=== As a screenwriter, producer and actor ===

Bertolucci wrote many screenplays, both for his own films and for films directed by others, two of which he also produced.

He was an actor in the film ''[[Golem, the Spirit of the Exile|Golem: The Spirit of Exile]]'', directed by [[Amos Gitai]] in 1992.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.kviff.com/en/programme/film/03154-golem-the-spirit-of-exile/|title= Archive of films Golem: The Spirit of Exile / Golem: L'esprit de l'exil |publisher=Karlovy Vary International Film Festival|access-date=30 November 2018}}</ref>

== Politics and personal beliefs ==

Bertolucci was an [[atheist]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mymovies.it/critica/persone/critica.asp?id=37880&r=3121 |title=Interview to Mymovies |publisher=Mymovies.it |access-date=2 August 2011 |archive-date=20 December 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220050452/http://www.mymovies.it/critica/persone/critica.asp?id=37880&r=3121 |url-status=dead }}</ref> though he was fascinated by [[Buddhism]].<ref>{{cite magazine |first=Swapnil Dhruv |last=Bose |date=27 March 2024|url=https://faroutmagazine.co.uk/buddhism-shaped-bernardo-bertolucci/ |title='I need a utopia': how Buddhism shaped Bernardo Bertolucci |magazine=[[Far Out Magazine]] |access-date=25 August 2024}}</ref>

Bertolucci's films are often very political. He was a professed [[Marxist]] and, like [[Luchino Visconti]], who similarly employed many foreign artists during the late 1960s, Bertolucci used his films to express his political views. His political films were preceded by others re-evaluating history. ''[[The Conformist (1970 film)|The Conformist]]'' (1970) criticised [[fascism]], touched upon the relationship between nationhood and nationalism, as well as issues of popular taste and collective memory, all amid an international plot by [[Benito Mussolini]] to assassinate a politically active leftist professor of philosophy in Paris. ''[[1900 (film)|1900]]'' also analyses the struggle of Left and Right.

On 27 September 2009, Bertolucci was one of the signatories of the appeal to the Swiss government to release [[Roman Polanski]], who was being held awaiting extradition to the United States.<ref name="Alt">{{cite web|first=Andre|last=Soares|date=30 September 2009|title=Penelope Cruz, Bernardo Bertolucci, Gael Garcia Bernal Sign Polanski Petition|work=Alt Film Guide|access-date=31 August 2013|url=http://www.altfg.com/blog/politics/penelope-cruz-bertolucci-bernal-polanski-petition}}</ref>

On Twitter on 24 April 2015, Bertolucci participated in #whomademyclothes, Fashion Revolution's anti-[[sweatshop]] campaign commemorating the [[2013 Savar building collapse]], the deadliest accident in the history of the garment industry.<ref>{{cite web|title=Fashion Revolution: who made your clothes?|url=http://www.mindfood.com/article/fashion-revolution-who-made-your-clothes/}}</ref>

Bertolucci advocated the practice of [[Transcendental Meditation]]: "We want to evoke the present and it is difficult to do it all together, we can only meditate, as in transcendental meditation. One of the most powerful experiences. Either you meditate or watch a good movie, then the two things start to touch ... ".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sguardidiconfine.com/bertolucci-addio-sguardo-eclettico-sulla-realta/|title=Bertolucci, addio a uno sguardo eclettico sulla realtà –|date=26 November 2018}}</ref>

== Death ==

Bertolucci died of lung cancer in Rome on 26 November 2018, at the age of 77.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.repubblica.it/spettacoli/cinema/2018/11/26/news/e_morto_bernardo_bertolucci-212656049/ |title=È morto Bernardo Bertolucci, l'ultimo grande maestro |newspaper=[[La Repubblica]] |date=26 November 2018 |access-date=26 November 2018 |first=Irene |last=Bignardi |publisher=Divisione Stampa Nazionale |agency=[[GEDI Gruppo Editoriale]] S.p.A.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-46342644 |title=Oscar-winning director Bertolucci dies |work=[[BBC News]] |date=26 November 2018 |access-date=27 November 2018 |publisher=[[BBC]]}}</ref>

== Filmography ==

===Short film===

* ''[[La commare secca]]'' ([[1962]])

{| class="wikitable"

* ''[[Prima della rivoluzione]]'' (''Before the Revolution'', [[1962]])

|-

* ''[[La via del petrolio]]'' ([[1965]])

! Year

* ''[[Il Canale]]'' ([[1966]])

! Title

* ''[[Partner (film)|Partner]]'' ([[1968]])

! width=65 | Director

* ''[[Amore e rabbia]]'' ([[1969]], episode "il Fico Infruttuoso")

! width=65 | Writer

* ''[[La strategia del ragno]]'' (''[[Spider's Stratagem]]'', [[1970]])

! Notes

* ''[[Il conformista]]'' (''[[The Conformist]]'', [[1971]])

|-

* ''[[Ultimo tango a Parigi]]'' (''Last Tango in Paris'', [[1973 in film|1973]])

|rowspan=2|1956

* ''[[1900 (film)|1900]]'' (''Novecento'', [[1976]])

|''The Death of a Pig''

* ''[[La Luna (film)|La Luna]]'' (''Luna'', [[1979]])

|{{yes}}

* ''[[La tragedia di un uomo ridicolo]]'' ([[1981]])

|{{yes}}

* ''[[L'ultimo imperatore]]'' (''[[The Last Emperor]]'', [[1987]])

|

* ''[[The Sheltering Sky]],'' ([[1990]])

|-

* ''[[Little Buddha]]'' ([[1993]])

|''The Cable''

* ''[[Stealing Beauty]]'' (''Io ballo da sola'', [[1996]])

|{{yes}}

* ''[[Besieged (film)|Besieged]]'' ([[1998]])

|{{yes}}

* ''[[Ten Minutes Older: The Cello]]'' ([[2002]])

|Also editor and cinematographer

* ''[[The Dreamers (film)|The Dreamers]]'' ([[2003]])

|-

|1969

|''Agony''

|{{yes}}

|{{yes}}

|Segment of ''[[Love and Anger (film)|Love and Anger]]''

|-

|2002

|''Histoire d'eaux''

|{{yes}}

|{{yes}}

|Segment of ''[[Ten Minutes Older#Ten Minutes Older: The Cello|Ten Minutes Older: The Cello]]''

|}

===Feature film===

{{start box}}

{| class="wikitable"

{{succession box

|-

| title=[[Academy Award for Best Director]]

! Year

| years=1987<br>'''for ''[[The Last Emperor]]'' '''

! Title

| before=[[Oliver Stone]]<br>for ''[[Platoon (film)|Platoon]]''

! width=65 | Director

| after=[[Barry Levinson]]<br>for ''[[Rain Man]]''}}

! width=65 | Writer

{{end box}}

|-

|1962

|''[[La commare secca]]''

|{{yes}}

|{{yes}}

|-

|1964

|''[[Before the Revolution]]''

|{{yes}}

|{{yes}}

|-

|1967

|''How to Win a Billion... and Get Away with It''

|{{no}}

|{{yes}}

|-

|rowspan="2"|1968

|''[[Partner (1968 film)|Partner]]''

|{{yes}}

|{{yes}}

|-

|''[[Once Upon a Time in the West]]''

|{{no}}

|{{yes}}

|-

|rowspan="2"|1970

|''[[The Conformist (1970 film)|The Conformist]]''

|{{yes}}

|{{yes}}

|-

|''[[The Spider's Stratagem]]''

|{{yes}}

|{{yes}}

|-

|1972

|''[[Last Tango in Paris]]''

|{{yes}}

|{{yes}}

|-

|1976

|''[[1900 (film)|1900]]''

|{{yes}}

|{{yes}}

|-

|1979

|''[[La Luna (1979 film)|La Luna]]''

|{{yes}}

|{{yes}}

|-

|1981

|''[[Tragedy of a Ridiculous Man]]''

|{{yes}}

|{{yes}}

|-

|1987

|''[[The Last Emperor]]''

|{{yes}}

|{{yes}}

|-

|1990

|''[[The Sheltering Sky (film)|The Sheltering Sky]]''

|{{yes}}

|{{yes}}

|-

|1993

|''[[Little Buddha]]''

|{{yes}}

|{{yes}}

|-

|1996

|''[[Stealing Beauty]]''

|{{yes}}

|{{yes}}

|-

|1998

|''[[Besieged (film)|Besieged]]''

|{{yes}}

|{{yes}}

|-

|2001

|''[[The Triumph of Love (2001 film)|The Triumph of Love]]''

|{{no}}

|{{yes}}

|-

|2003

|''[[The Dreamers (2003 film)|The Dreamers]]''

|{{yes}}

|{{no}}

|-

|2012

|''[[Me and You (film)|Me and You]]''

|{{yes}}

|{{yes}}

|-

|}

'''Producer'''

* ''Sconcerto Rock'' (1982)

* ''[[Io con te non ci sto più]]'' (1983)

* ''[[The Triumph of Love (2001 film)|The Triumph of Love]]'' (2001)

===Documentary works===

'''Short film'''

{| class="wikitable"

|-

! Year

! Title

! width=65 | Director

! width=65 | Writer

! Notes

|-

|1966

|''Il canale''

|{{yes}}

|{{yes}}

|

|-

|1971

|''La salute è malata''

|{{yes}}

|{{no}}

|

|-

|1989

|''Bologna''

|{{yes}}

|{{no}}

|Segment of ''12 registi per 12 città''

|-

|2013

|''[[70th Venice International Film Festival#Venice 70: Future Reloaded|Venice 70: Future Reloaded]]''

|{{yes}}

|{{no}}

|

|}

'''Film'''

{| class="wikitable"

|-

! Year

! Title

! width=65 | Director

! width=65 | Writer

! Notes

|-

|1976

|''Il silenzio è complicità''

|{{no}}

|{{yes}}

|Also editor

|-

|1984

|''L'addio a Enrico Berlinguer''

|{{yes}}

|{{yes}}

|

|-

|}

'''Television'''

{| class="wikitable"

|-

! Year

! Title

! width=65 | Director

! width=65 | Writer

! Notes

|-

| 1967

| ''La via del petrolio''

|{{yes}}

|{{yes}}

|3 episodes

|-

| 1985

| ''Cartoline dalla Cina''

|{{yes}}

|{{yes}}

|TV short

|}

==Awards and nominations==

{| class="wikitable"

|-

! Year

! Title

! Award/Nomination

|-

|1968

|''[[Partner (1968 film)|Partner]]''

|Nominated - [[Golden Lion]]

|-

|1969

|''[[Love and Anger (film)|Amore e Rabbia]]''

|Nominated - [[Golden Bear]]

|-

|1970

|''[[The Conformist (1970 film)|The Conformist]]''

|[[National Society of Film Critics Award for Best Director]]<br>Nominated - [[Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay]]<br />Nominated - [[Golden Bear]]

|-

|1972

|''[[Last Tango in Paris]]''

|[[Nastro d'Argento for Best Director]]<br>Nominated - [[Academy Award for Best Director]]<br />Nominated - [[Directors Guild of America Award for Outstanding Directing – Feature Film|Directors Guild of America Award for Outstanding Directing]]<br />Nominated - [[Golden Globe Award for Best Director]]

|-

|1981

|''[[Tragedy of a Ridiculous Man]]''

|Nominated - [[Palme d'Or]]

|-

|1987

|''[[The Last Emperor]]''

|[[Academy Award for Best Director]]<br />[[Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay]]<br />[[BAFTA Award for Best Film]]<br />[[César Award for Best Foreign Film]]<br />[[David di Donatello for Best Director]]<br />[[David di Donatello for Best Screenplay]]<br />[[Directors Guild of America Award for Outstanding Directing – Feature Film|Directors Guild of America Award for Outstanding Directing]]<br />[[Golden Globe Award for Best Director]]<br />[[Golden Globe Award for Best Screenplay]]<br />[[Nastro d'Argento for Best Director]]<br>Nominated - [[BAFTA Award for Best Direction]]

|-

|1990

|''[[The Sheltering Sky (film)|The Sheltering Sky]]''

|Nominated - [[Golden Globe Award for Best Director]]

|-

|1996

|''[[Stealing Beauty]]''

|Nominated - [[David di Donatello for Best Director]]<br />Nominated - [[Palme d'Or]]

|-

|1998

|''[[Besieged (film)|Besieged]]''

|Nominated - [[David di Donatello for Best Director]]

|-

|2012

|''[[Me and You (film)|Me and You]]''

|Nominated - [[David di Donatello for Best Film]]<br />Nominated - [[David di Donatello for Best Director]]<br />Nominated - [[David di Donatello for Best Screenplay]]

|}

'''Other awards'''

* 1997: Honorable Mention at the [[Locarno International Film Festival]]

* 1997: Award special visual sensitivity in directing at [[Camerimage]]

* 1997: Award for collaborating director – director of photography ([[Vittorio Storaro]]) at Camerimage

* 1998: Recognition for free expression by the [[National Board of Review of Motion Pictures|National Board of Review]]

* 1999: Life Time Achievement Award - [[30th International Film Festival of India]]<ref>{{Cite news|last=Devipriya|date=January 1999|title=30th IFFI Stars|url=http://iffi.nic.in/Dff2011/Frm30IIFAAward.aspx?PdfName=30IIFA.pdf|work=30th International Film Festival of India '99|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=23 March 2018|page=150|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130130012630/http://iffi.nic.in/Dff2011/Frm30IIFAAward.aspx?PdfName=30IIFA.pdf|archive-date=30 January 2013}}</ref>

* 2007: [[Golden Lion]] for his career at the [[Venice Film Festival]]

* 2011: Honorary [[Palme d'Or]] at [[Cannes Film Festival]]

{|class="wikitable"

|+ Accolades for Bertolucci's theatrical films

|-

!rowspan="2"| Year

!rowspan="2"| Title

!colspan="2"| Academy Awards

!colspan="2"| BAFTAs

!colspan="2"| Golden Globes

!colspan="2"| David di Donatellos

|-

!Nominations

!Wins

!Nominations

!Wins

!Nominations

!Wins

!Nominations

!Wins

|-

|1970

|[[The Conformist (1970 film)|''The Conformist'']]

|align=center|1

|

|

|

|align=center|1

|

|align=center|1

|align=center|1

|-

|1972

|''[[Last Tango in Paris]]''

|align=center|2

|

|align=center|1

|

|align=center|2

|

|align=center|1

|align=center|1

|-

|1979

|[[La Luna (1979 film)|''Luna'']]

|

|

|

|

|align=center|1

|

|

|

|-

|1987

|''[[The Last Emperor]]''

|align=center|9

|align=center|9

|align=center|11

|align=center|3

|align=center|5

|align=center|4

|align=center|10

|align=center|9

|-

|1990

|[[The Sheltering Sky (film)|''The Sheltering Sky'']]

|

|

|align=center|2

|align=center|1

|align=center|2

|align=center|1

|

|

|-

|1996

|''[[Stealing Beauty]]''

|

|

|

|

|

|

|align=center|5

|

|-

|1998

|[[Besieged (film)|''Besieged'']]

|

|

|

|

|

|

|align=center|3

|

|-

|2003

|[[The Dreamers (2003 film)|''The Dreamers'']]

|

|

|

|

|

|

|align=center|1

|

|-

|2012

|[[Me and You (film)|''Me and You'']]

|

|

|

|

|

|

|align=center|6

|

|-

!colspan="2"| Total

!12

!9

!14

!4

!11

!5

!27

!11

|}

== Honours ==

* Grand-Officer of the [[Order of Merit of the Italian Republic]] of Italy ([[Rome]], 2 June 1988), under proposal of the Council of Ministers.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.quirinale.it/onorificenze/insigniti/246247|title=Grande Ufficiale Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana|publisher=Presidenza della Repubblica|date=2 June 1988|access-date=29 November 2018|language=it}}</ref>

* Gold Medal of the [[Italian Medal of Merit for Culture and Art]] of Italy (Rome, 21 February 2001). For having been able to combine poetry and great cinema as in the history of [[Italian cinema]]. For having known how to make different cultures and worlds dialogue, remaining strongly rooted in the culture of your country. For having been able to represent with passion and courage the political, social and cultural history of the last hundred years.<ref name=":0">{{cite web|url=http://www.quirinale.it/onorificenze/insigniti/10033|title=Medaglia d'oro ai benemeriti della cultura e dell'arte|publisher=Presidenza della Repubblica|date=21 February 2001|access-date=29 November 2018|language=it}}</ref>

* Master's Degree Honoris Causa in History and Criticism of Arts and Performance of the [[University of Parma]] (''Laurea Magistrale Honoris Causa in Storia e critica delle arti e dello spettacolo''). Bernardo Bertolucci is one of the greatest and recognized filmmakers in the world. His cinema is a reference point for entire generations of directors, has thrilled millions of viewers, also arousing extensive cultural debates that have gone well beyond the film industry, and is the subject of significant historical and theoretical studies published in all of the major world languages.<ref name=":2">{{cite news|url=https://parma.repubblica.it/cronaca/2014/12/16/news/laurea_ad_honorem_a_bertolucci_ecco_la_motivazione-103068151/|title=Laurea ad honorem a Bertolucci, ecco la motivazione|work=La Repubblica|date=16 December 2014|access-date=29 November 2014}}</ref>

== See also ==

* "[[La Lega (song)|La Lega]]"

* [[Pedophilia and child sexual abuse in films]]

* [[Amos Gitai]]

== References ==

{{reflist}}

{{notelist}}

== External links ==

{{Commons category}}

* {{imdb name|0000934|Bernardo Bertolucci}}

* {{IMDb name|934}}

* [http://www.sensesofcinema.com/contents/directors/04/bertolucci.html Senses of Cinema: Great Directors Critical Database]

* {{cite web |url=http://archive.sensesofcinema.com/contents/directors/04/bertolucci.html |first=Bilge |last=Ebiri |title=Bernardo Bertolucci |work=Senses of Cinema: Great Directors Critical Database |date=September 2004 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100331101423/http://archive.sensesofcinema.com/contents/directors/04/bertolucci.html |archive-date=31 March 2010}}

* [http://www.theyshootpictures.com/bertoluccibernardo.htm They Shoot Pictures, Don't They?]

* {{discogs artist|Bernardo Bertolucci}}

* [http://www.adherents.com/people/pb/Bernardo_Bertolucci.html The religious affiliation of Bernardo Bertolucci]

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060510062426/http://zakka.dk/euroscreenwriters/interviews/bernardo_bertolucci_513.htm InterviewJeremy withIsaacs, "Face to Face: Bernardo Bertolucci"], fromBBC interview, September 1989.

* [http://rogerebert.suntimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/19871209/REVIEWS/712090301/1023 Roger Ebert's, Review ofreview, ''The Last Emperor''] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121012030951/http://rogerebert.suntimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=%2F19871209%2FREVIEWS%2F712090301%2F1023 |date=12 October 2012}}, ''Chicago Sun-Times'', 9 December 1987.

{{Bernardo Bertolucci}}

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|title = Awards for Bernardo Bertolucci

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{{Academy Award Best Director}}

{{Academy Award Best Adapted Screenplay}}

{{BAFTA Best Film recipients}}

{{British Film Institute Fellowship}}

{{David di Donatello Best Director}}

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{{European Film Academy Lifetime Achievement Award}}

{{Golden Globe Award for Best Director 1966–1990}}

{{GoldenGlobeBestScreenplayMotionPicture 1981–2000}}

{{IFFI - Satyajit Ray Lifetime Achievement Award}}

{{Nastro d'Argento Best Director}}

{{National Board of Review Freedom of Expression Award}}

{{National Society of Film Critics Award for Best Director}}

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