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{{Indian Constitution TOC}}
{{Politics of India}}
The '''Directive Principles of State Policy of India''' are the guidelines to be followed by the government of India for the governance of the country. They are not enforceable by any court, but the principles laid down there are considered
To avoid confusion with the term [[states and territories of India]], State (encompassing all the authorities in India) has been capitalized, and the term [[States of India|state]] is in lower case.</ref> to apply these principles in making laws to establish a just society in the country. The principles have been inspired by the [[Constitution of Ireland#Directive Principles of Social Policy|Directive Principles given in the Constitution of Ireland]] which are related to [[social justice|
Directive Principles are classified under the following categories: Economic and Socialistic, Political and Administrative, Justice and Legal, Environmental, Protection of Monuments, Peace and Security.
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| last = Gandhi | first = Rajmohan
| title = Patel: A Life | page = 206
}}</ref> committing themselves to [[socialism]] & [[Gandhian philosophy]].
When India obtained Independence on 15 August 1947, the task of developing a constitution for the
| last = UNI | author-link = United News of India
| url = http://www.rediff.com/freedom/22patel.htm
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Both the Fundamental Rights and the Directive Principles of State Policy were included in the I Draft Constitution (February 1948), the II Draft Constitution (17 October 1948) and the III and final Draft Constitution (26 November 1949), prepared by the [[Constitution of India#Drafting|Drafting Committee]].
Directive Principles are affirmative directions and are non - justiciable. However, this does not mean that they are subordinate to fundamental rights; Fundamental Rights and Directive Principles go hand in hand. Article 37 of the Constitution of India talks about the application of Directive Principles provided under [[wikisource:Constitution of India (2020)/Part IV|Article 36]] to [[Article 51 of the Constitution of India|Article 51]].
== Characteristics ==
While debating on DPSP in the [[Constituent Assembly of India|Constituent Assembly]], [[B. R. Ambedkar|Dr. Ambedkar]] stated on 19 November 1948 as given below
{{Blockquote|text=''It is the intention of this Assembly that in future both the legislature and the executive should not merely pay lip service to these principles enacted in this part, but that they should be made the basis of all executive and legislative action that may be taken hereafter in the matter of the governance of the country.''}}
Directive Principles of State Policy aim to create social and economic conditions under which the citizens can lead a good life. They also aim to establish social and economic democracy through a [[welfare state]]. Though the Directive Principles are non-justiciable [[rights]] of the people but fundamental in the governance of the country, it shall be the duty of the State to apply these principles in making laws per [[s:Constitution of India (2020)/Part IV|Article 37]]. Besides, all [[Executive (government)|executive agencies]] of union and states should also be guided by these principles.<ref name=State/> Even the [[judiciary]] has to keep them in mind in deciding cases.<ref>Tayal, B.B. & Jacob, A. (2005), ''Indian History, World Developments and Civics'', pg. A-39 to A-40</ref><ref>Sinha, Savita, Das, Supta & Rashmi, Neeraja (2005), ''Social Science – Part II'', pg. 29</ref>
An existing policy in line with DPSP can not be reversed, however it can be expanded further in line with DPSP. The policy changes applicable under DPSP shall not be reversible unless the applicable DPSP is deleted by constitutional amendment (ex. prohibition implemented once in a state can not be repealed later as long as it is part of DPSP).
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==Directives==
The directive principles ensure that the State<ref name=State/> shall strive to promote the [[Welfare state|welfare of the people]] by securing a social order in which [[Social justice|social]], [[welfare economics|economic]] and political justice is animated/informed in all institutions of life as per [[
{{Blockquote|text=''... The word 'strive' which occurs in the Draft Constitution, in judgement, is very important. We have used it because our intention is even when there are circumstances which prevent the Government, or which stand in the way of the Government giving effect to these Directive Principles, they shall, even under hard and unpropitious circumstances, always strive in the fulfilment of these Directives. That is why we have used the word 'strive'. Otherwise, it would be open for any Government to say that the circumstances are so bad, that the finances are so inadequate that we cannot even make an effort in the direction in which the Constitution asks us to go.''}}
Also, the State shall strive to minimise the inequalities in income and
The State should also ensure a living wage and proper [[working condition]]s for workers, with full enjoyment of leisure and social and cultural activities. Also, the promotion of [[Cottage industry|cottage industries]] in rural areas is one of the obligations of the State per [[s:Constitution of India (2020)/Part IV|Article 43]] The State shall take steps to promote their participation in the management of industrial undertakings per [[s:Constitution of India (2020)/Part IV|Article 43A]].
Also, the State shall
The directive principles commit the State to raise the level of nutrition and the standard of living and to improve public health, particularly by prohibiting intoxicating drinks and drugs injurious to health except for medicinal purposes per [[s:Constitution of India (2020)/Part IV|Article 47]]. It should also organise agriculture and animal husbandry on modern and scientific lines by improving breeds and prohibiting the slaughter of [[cows]], [[Calf (animal)|calves]], other milch and draught cattle per [[s:Constitution of India (2020)/Part IV|Article 48]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/in00000_.html|title=ICL - India - Constitution|website=www.servat.unibe.ch|access-date=2019-07-05}}</ref> It should protect and improve the environment and safeguard the forests and wildlife of the country per [[s:Constitution of India (2020)/Part IV|Article 48A]]. This directive, regarding the protection of forests and wildlife, was added by the [[Constitution of India#Amendments|42nd Amendment Act, 1976]].<ref name="42amact">[http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend42.htm 42nd Amendment Act, 1976]</ref>
Protection of monuments, places and objects of historic and artistic interest and national importance against destruction and damage per [[s:Constitution of India (2020)/Part IV|Article 49]] and separation of judiciary from the executive in public services per [[s:Constitution of India (2020)/Part IV|Article 50]] are also the obligations of the State as laid down in the directive principles.
Finally [[Article 51 of the Constitution of India|Article 51]] ensure that the State shall strive for the promotion and maintenance of international peace and security, just and honourable relations between nations, respect for international law and treaty obligations, as well as settlement of international disputes by arbitration.
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==Implementation==
There is no need of any constitutional amendment and simple legislation by the Parliament is adequate to implement the Directive Principles as applicable laws per [[
The Programme of Universalisation of Elementary Education and the [[Five-Year Plans of India|five-year plans]] has been accorded the highest priority in order to provide free [[Education in India|education]] to all children up to the age of 14 years. [[List of amendments of the Constitution of India|The 86th constitutional amendment]] of 2002 inserted a new article, Article 21-A, into the Constitution, that seeks to provide free and compulsory education to all children aged 6 to 14 years.<ref name="86amact"/> Welfare schemes for the weaker sections are being implemented both by the Central and State governments. These include programmes such as boys' and girls' [[hostel]]s for [[Scheduled Castes and Tribes|scheduled castes]]' or [[scheduled tribes]]' students.<ref name="pgA44">Tayal, B.B. & Jacob, A. (2005), ''Indian History, World Developments and Civics'', pg. A-44</ref> The year 1990–1991 was declared as the "Year of Social Justice" in the memory of [[B.R. Ambedkar]].<ref>{{cite web
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|title = Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar
|website = ambedkarfoundation.nic.in
|publisher = [[Dr. Ambedkar Foundation]]
|access-date = 29 June 2006
|url-status = dead
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|archive-date = 22 March 2006
|df = dmy-all
}}</ref> The ''Sampoorna Grameen Rozgar Yojana'' was launched in 2001 to attain the objective of gainful employment for the rural poor. The programme was implemented through the [[
| url = http://rural.nic.in/book01-02/ch-2.pdf
| title = ''Sampoorna Grameen Rozgar Yojana'', 2001
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}}</ref>
[[
| url = http://www.empowerpoor.org/backgrounder.asp?report=164
| title = Panchayati Raj in India
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}}</ref> India has also been in favour of nuclear disarmament.<ref name="pgA45"/>
Per [[
== Amendments ==
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*'''Article 31-C''', amended by the [[Forty-second Amendment of the Constitution of India|42nd Amendment Act of 1976]] seeking to upgrade the DPSPs. If laws are made to give effect to any of the Directive Principles overriding [[Fundamental Rights in India|Fundamental Rights]], they shall not be invalid on the grounds that they take away the Fundamental Rights. In [[Minerva Mills v. Union of India]] case, [[Supreme Court of India|Supreme Court]] ruled that 42nd Amendment Act to the Article 31C is not valid and [[ultra vires]].
*'''Articles 38 (2)''', was added by the [[Forty-fourth Amendment of the Constitution of India|Forty-fourth Amendment Act, 1978]] of the Constitution
*'''Articles 39A''', which directs the state to secure ''Equal justice and free legal aid'', was added by the [[Forty-second Amendment of the Constitution of India|Forty-second Amendment Act, 1976]] of the Constitution
*'''Articles 43A''', which directs the state to secure ''Participation of workers in management of industries'', was added by the [[Forty-second Amendment of the Constitution of India|Forty-second Amendment Act, 1976]] of the Constitution
*'''Articles 43B''', which directs the state to strive for ''Promotion of co-operative societies'', was added by the Ninety-Seventh Amendment of the Constitution of India<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/erelease.aspx?relid=81715|title=Press Information Bureau|website=pib.nic.in|access-date=2019-07-05}}</ref>
*'''Article 45''', which ensures ''Provision for
*'''Article 48A''', which ensures ''Protection and improvement of environment and safeguarding of forests and wild life'', was added by the [[Forty-second Amendment of the Constitution of India|Forty-second Amendment Act, 1976]]
*'''Articles 49''', was modified by the [[States Reorganisation Act, 1956|Seventh Amendment Act, 1956]] of the Constitution
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}}
==External links==
* {{wikisource-inline|Constitution of India (2020)/Part IV|Directive Principles}}
[[Category:Constitution of India]]
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