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Line 5: \| logo = image:Gentoo Linux logo matte.svg \| logo size = 100px \| logo caption = ~~Gentoo~~ Logo \| logo alt = Gentoo Logo \| screenshot = Gentoo Live GUI USB running KDE.png \| caption = Gentoo Linux Live USB running KDE \| developer = Gentoo Foundation \| programmed in = [[C (programming language)\|C]], [[Perl]], [[Bourne shell\|sh]], and [[Python (programming language)\|Python]] \| family = [[Linux]] ([[Unix-like]]) \| working state = Current Line 19: \| update model = [[Rolling release]] \| package manager = [[Portage (software)\|Portage]] \| supported platforms = [[IA-32]], [[x86~~-64]], [[Itanium\|IA~~-64]], [[PA-RISC\|PA-RISC (HPPA)]], [[PowerPC]] 32/64, [[SPARC]] 64-bit, [[DEC Alpha]], [[ARM architecture\|ARM]] 32/64, [[MIPS architecture\|MIPS]], [[RISC-V]] 32/64, [[Motorola_68000_series\|m68k]], [[Loongson\|loong]], [[IBM_System/390\|s390]], [[Z/Architecture\|s390x]] \| kernel type = [[Monolithic kernel\|Monolithic]] ([[Linux kernel]]) \| userland = [[GNU Core Utilities\|GNU]], With support for non-GNU userlands Line 27: }} '''Gentoo Linux''' (pronounced {{IPAc-en\|ˈ\|dʒ\|ɛ\|n\|t\|uː}} {{respell\|JEN\|too}}<ref>{{cite web\|url=https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/FAQ#How_is_Gentoo_pronounced.2C_and_what_does_it_mean.3F\|title=Gentoo Linux Frequently Asked Questions\|access-date=6 January 2014\|quote=Gentoo is pronounced "gen-too" (the "g" in "Gentoo" is a soft "g", as in "gentle").\|archive-date=January 6, 2014\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140106202051/https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/FAQ#How_is_Gentoo_pronounced.2C_and_what_does_it_mean.3F\|url-status=live}}</ref>) is a [[Linux distribution]] built using the [[Portage (software)\|Portage]] [[package management system]]. Unlike a binary [[software distribution]], the source code is compiled locally according to the user's preferences and is often [[Program optimization\|optimized]] for the specific type of computer. Precompiled binaries are available for some packages.<ref>{{cite web\|url=https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/Binary_package_guide\|title=Binary package guide\|publisher=gentoo.org\|access-date=2022-09-04\|quote=Next to the usual support for source-based ebuilds, Portage also supports building and installing binary packages.\|archive-date=February 12, 2018\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180212004921/https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/Binary_package_guide\|url-status=live}}</ref> Gentoo runs on a wide variety of ~~processors,~~processor ~~including x86, PowerPC, SPARC, DEC Alpha, ARM, MIPS and PA-RISC~~architectures. Gentoo Linux was named after the [[gentoo penguin]], the fastest swimming species of penguin. The name was chosen to reflect the potential speed improvements of machine-specific optimization, which is a major feature of Gentoo. Gentoo package management is designed to be [[Modular programming\|modular]], [[porting\|portable]], easy to maintain, and flexible. Gentoo describes itself as a [[Meta (prefix)\|meta]]-distribution because of its adaptability, in that the majority of its users have configurations and sets of installed programs which are unique to the system and the applications they use.<ref name=gentoo-about>{{cite web \|url=https://www.gentoo.org/get-started/about/ \|title=Gentoo Linux – About Gentoo \|publisher=Gentoo.org \|date=2007-09-17 \|access-date=2010-01-28 \|archive-date=December 21, 2018 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181221235233/https://www.gentoo.org/get-started/about/ \|url-status=live }}</ref> Gentoo Linux is named after the [[gentoo penguin]], the fastest swimming species of penguin. The name was chosen to reflect the potential speed improvements of machine-specific optimizing, which is a major feature of Gentoo. ==History== [[File:Gentoo Logo Vector.svg\|thumb\|Gentoo Linux's old vector logo]] Gentoo Linux was initially created by [[Daniel Robbins (computer programmer)\|Daniel Robbins]] as the ''Enoch Linux'' distribution. ~~The~~Its ~~goal~~[[design philosophy]] was tothat ~~create a distribution without~~of precompiled binaries ~~that~~which ~~was~~were tuned to the hardware and that only included required programs.<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.gentoo.org/doc/en/articles/making-the-distro-p1.xml\|title=Gentoo Linux Documentation – Making the distribution, Part 1\|date=2005-10-09\|website=Gentoo.org\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051126223839/http://www.gentoo.org/doc/en/articles/making-the-distro-p1.xml\|archive-date=November 26, 2005\|url-status=dead\|access-date=2010-01-28\|df=mdy-all}}</ref> At least one version of Enoch was distributed under that name: version 0.75, in December 1999.<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://public.planetmirror.com/pub/enoch/enoch-0.75 \|title=Planet Mirror – enoch – Enoch Linux – enoch-0.75 – download now \|website=Public.planetmirror.com \|date=2007-02-11 \|access-date=2010-01-28 \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081228085838/http://public.planetmirror.com/pub/enoch/enoch-0.75 \|archive-date=December 28, 2008 \|df=mdy}}</ref> An older release labeled "Enoch 0.5" can be found on the CD accompanying the August 1999 edition of the Danish computer magazine ''Alt om Data''.<ref>{{cite web \| url=https://archive.org/details/1999-08-alt-om-data-august-1999 \| title=Alt Om Data August 1999 \| date=August 1999 }}</ref> Daniel Robbins and the other contributors experimented with a fork of [[GNU Compiler Collection\|GCC]] known as EGCS, developed by [[Cygnus Solutions]]. AtIt was at this point, that "Enoch" was renamed "Gentoo" Linux. The modifications to EGCS eventually became part of the official GCC (version 2.95),; Gentoo and other Linux ~~distributions~~distros benefited ~~experienced~~from similar speed increases.<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.gentoo.org/doc/en/articles/making-the-distro-p2.xml\|title=Gentoo Linux Documentation – Making the distribution, Part 2\|date=2005-10-09\|website=Gentoo.org\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051126223839/http://www.gentoo.org/doc/en/articles/making-the-distro-p2.xml\|archive-date=November 26, 2005\|url-status=dead\|access-date=2010-01-28\|df=mdy-all}}</ref> After problems with a bug on his own system, Robbins halted Gentoo development and switched to [[FreeBSD]] for several months, later saying, "I decided to add several FreeBSD features to make our autobuild system (now called Portage) a true next-generation ports system."<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.gentoo.org/doc/en/articles/making-the-distro-p3.xml\|title=Gentoo Linux Documentation – Making the distribution, Part 3\|date=2005-10-09\|website=Gentoo.org\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051126223839/http://www.gentoo.org/doc/en/articles/making-the-distro-p3.xml\|archive-date=November 26, 2005\|url-status=dead\|access-date=2010-01-28\|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Gentoo Linux 1.0 was released on March 31, 2002.<ref>{{cite web \|url=https://linux.slashdot.org/story/02/03/31/2123251/gentoo-10-released \|title=Slashdot \| Gentoo 1.0 Released \|website=Linux.slashdot.org \|date=2002-03-31 \|access-date=2018-02-10 \|archive-date=June 18, 2018 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180618152256/https://linux.slashdot.org/story/02/03/31/2123251/gentoo-10-released \|url-status=live }}</ref> In 2004, Robbins set up the non-profit Gentoo Foundation, transferred all copyrights and trademarks to it, and stepped down as chief architect of the project.<ref>{{cite web \|url=https://developers.slashdot.org/story/04/04/26/2259211/daniel-robbins-resigns-as-chief-gentoo-architect \|title=Daniel Robbins Resigns As Chief Gentoo Architect \|website=Slashdot.org \|date=April 26, 2004 \|access-date=2018-02-10 \|archive-date=June 18, 2018 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180618175228/https://developers.slashdot.org/story/04/04/26/2259211/daniel-robbins-resigns-as-chief-gentoo-architect \|url-status=live }}</ref> The current board of trustees<ref>{{cite web \|url=https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/Foundation:Main_Page#The_Board_of_Trustees \|title=Gentoo Linux Wiki – The Board of Trustees \|website=gentoo.org \|date=2018-01-21 \|access-date=2018-02-10 \|archive-date=August 20, 2017 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170820201827/https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/Foundation:Main_Page#The_Board_of_Trustees \|url-status=live}}</ref> is composed of five members who were announced (following an election) on March 2, 2008.<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.gentoo.org/news/20080302-foundation-election.xml\|title=Gentoo Linux – New foundation trustees elected\|date=2008-03-02\|website=Gentoo.org\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121224124218/http://www.gentoo.org/news/20080302-foundation-election.xml\|archive-date=December 24, 2012\|url-status=bot: unknown\|access-date=2010-01-28\|df=mdy-all}}</ref> The seven-member Gentoo Council oversees related technical issues and policies.<ref>{{cite web\|url=https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/Project:Council\|title=Gentoo Council\|website=gentoo.org\|access-date=2014-01-06\|archive-date=June 24, 2017\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170624061748/https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/Project:Council\|url-status=live}}</ref> The Gentoo Council members are elected annually, for a period of one year, by the active Gentoo developers. When a member of the Council retires, the successor is voted into place by the existing Council members.<ref>[//wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/Project:Council Gentoo Council]. Accessed January 6, 2014.</ref> The ~~current~~Gentoo ~~board~~Foundation ofis ~~trustees~~a domestic non-profit corporation,<ref>{{cite web \|url=https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/Foundation:Main_Page#~~The_Board_of_Trustees~~ Gentoo_Foundation_Charter\|title=Gentoo ~~Linux Wiki – The Board of Trustees~~Foundation Charter\|website=gentoo.org ~~\|date=2018-01-21~~ \|access-date=~~2018~~2021-0207-10 20\|archive-date=August 20, 2017 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170820201827/https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/Foundation:Main_Page#~~The_Board_of_Trustees~~ Gentoo_Foundation_Charter\|url-status=live }}</ref> isregistered ~~composed~~in ofthe ~~five~~State ~~members~~of ~~who~~[[New ~~were announced (following an election) on March 2, 2008~~Mexico]].<ref>~~{{cite web\|url=~~[http://www.~~gentoo~~nmprc.state.~~org~~nm.us/~~news~~cgi-bin/~~20080302-foundation-election~~prcdtl.~~xml\|title=Gentoo~~cgi?2463313+GENTOO+FOUNDATION+INC ~~Linux~~GENTOO –FOUNDATION, ~~New~~INC.]{{dead ~~foundation trustees elected~~link\|date=~~2008-03-02\|website=Gentoo.org\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121224124218/http://www.gentoo.org/news/20080302-foundation-election.xml\|archive-date=December~~August ~~24, 2012~~2020\|~~url-status=~~bot~~: unknown\|access-date~~=~~2010-01-28~~medic}}{{cbignore\|dfbot=~~mdy-all~~medic}}~~</ref>~~, ~~There~~Corporations isInformation ~~also~~Inquiry, aNew ~~seven-member~~Mexico ~~Gentoo~~Public ~~Council~~Relation ~~that~~Commission. ~~oversees~~Accessed ~~the~~May ~~technical~~8, ~~issues~~2009.</ref> ~~and~~In ~~policies~~late of2007, ~~Gentoo.~~the Foundation's charter was revoked,<ref>{{cite web \|author=jake \|url=https://~~wiki~~lwn.~~gentoo.org~~net/~~wiki~~Articles/~~Project:Council~~265006/ \|title=Gentoo ~~Council~~loses charter; Robbins offers to return \|~~website~~publisher=~~gentoo~~[[LWN.~~org~~net]] \|date=2008-01-14 \|access-date=~~2014~~2010-01-0628 \|archive-date=~~June~~September 2414, ~~2017~~2016 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/~~20170624061748~~20160914123808/https://~~wiki~~lwn.~~gentoo.org~~net/~~wiki~~Articles/~~Project:Council~~265006/ \|url-status=live}}</ref> ~~The~~but ~~Gentoo~~by ~~Council~~May ~~members~~2008 ~~are~~the ~~elected~~State ~~annually,~~of ~~for~~New aMexico ~~period~~declared ~~of one year, by~~that the ~~active~~ Gentoo ~~developers. When a member of the Council retires~~Foundation, ~~the~~Inc. ~~successor~~had isreturned ~~voted~~to ~~into~~good ~~place~~standing byand ~~the~~was ~~existing~~free ~~Council~~to ~~members~~do business.<ref>[{{cite web \|url=https://~~wiki~~efile.~~gentoo~~prc.~~org~~newmexico.gov/~~wiki~~Efile/~~Project~~corplookup/Details.aspx?Nmscc=2463313 \|archive-url=https:~~Council~~//archive.today/20130626172841/https://efile.prc.newmexico.gov/Efile/corplookup/Details.aspx?Nmscc=2463313 \|url-status=dead \|archive-date=2013-06-26 \|title=Gentoo ~~Council]~~Foundation, Inc. ~~Accessed~~\|publisher=New ~~January~~Mexico 6,Corporation ~~2014.~~Division Efile \|access-date=2013-04-27}}</ref> The creator of Gentoo, Daniel Robbins, left the project in both 2004 and 2007 due to conflicts with other developers.<ref>{{Cite web \|date=2004-04-26 \|title=Daniel Robbins Resigns As Chief Gentoo Architect - Slashdot \|url=https://developers.slashdot.org/story/04/04/26/2259211/daniel-robbins-resigns-as-chief-gentoo-architect \|access-date=2024-04-19 \|website=developers.slashdot.org \|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web \|title=Daniel Robbins leaves Gentoo, again [LWN.net] \|url=https://lwn.net/Articles/225060/ \|access-date=2024-04-19 \|website=lwn.net \|quote=Daniel Robbins, creator of gentoo, had returned to the project. Well, a week later he left again. Basically, drobbins got into an epic flamewar with Ciaran McCreesh, a popular but controversial former gentoo dev who still frequents gentoo mailing lists. empers flared, and drobbins pushed for getting ciaranm banned from gentoo-dev@gentoo.org mailing list, ostensibly on the grounds that ciaranm is no longer an official gentoo developer. The rest of the gentoo devs refused to do so. Then Daniel Robbins quit the project.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web \|title=652240 – 7 day gentoo-project ban for Daniel Robbins \|url=https://bugs.gentoo.org/show_bug.cgi?id=652240 \|access-date=2024-04-19 \|website=bugs.gentoo.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web \|title=Gentoo Forums :: View topic - Quite late but why Daniel Robbins left Gentoo? \|url=https://forums.gentoo.org/viewtopic-t-1108032-start-0.html \|access-date=2024-04-19 \|website=forums.gentoo.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web \|title=DistroWatch.com: Put the fun back into computing. Use Linux, BSD. \|url=https://distrowatch.com/weekly.php?issue=20070312#future \|access-date=2024-04-19 \|website=distrowatch.com \|quote=He officially re-joined the Gentoo development team two weeks ago - only to resign a few days later. The reason? Strong personal attacks by some of the current developers of the project.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web \|date=2007-03-26 \|title=Gentoo attempts to deal with developer conflicts \|url=https://www.linux.com/news/gentoo-attempts-deal-developer-conflicts/ \|access-date=2024-04-19 \|website=Linux.com \|language=en-US \|quote=The latest Gentoo flamewar started as a discussion on the gentoo-dev mailing list about topics for the March Gentoo Council meeting. Gentoo founder Daniel Robbins, who had rejoined the Gentoo project earlier that week after leaving in April, 2004, seemed keen on arguing with Gentoo contributor Ciaran McCreesh on whether the Package Manager Specification (PMS) is an official Gentoo project. After the discussion became heated, Robbins says that he’s going to “look for a way to remove Ciaran from gentoo-dev” and then later says he doesn’t want to be associated with Gentoo after all.}}</ref> The Gentoo Foundation is a domestic non-profit corporation,<ref>{{cite web\|url=https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/Foundation:Main_Page#Gentoo_Foundation_Charter\|title=Gentoo Foundation Charter\|website=gentoo.org\|access-date=2021-07-20\|archive-date=August 20, 2017\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170820201827/https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/Foundation:Main_Page#Gentoo_Foundation_Charter\|url-status=live}}</ref> registered in the State of [[New Mexico]].<ref>[http://www.nmprc.state.nm.us/cgi-bin/prcdtl.cgi?2463313+GENTOO+FOUNDATION+INC GENTOO FOUNDATION, INC.]{{dead link\|date=August 2020\|bot=medic}}{{cbignore\|bot=medic}}, Corporations Information Inquiry, New Mexico Public Relation Commission. Accessed May 8, 2009.</ref> In late 2007, the Foundation's charter was revoked,<ref>{{cite web \|author=jake \|url=https://lwn.net/Articles/265006/ \|title=Gentoo loses charter; Robbins offers to return \|publisher=[[LWN.net]] \|date=2008-01-14 \|access-date=2010-01-28 \|archive-date=September 14, 2016 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160914123808/https://lwn.net/Articles/265006/ \|url-status=live }}</ref> but by May 2008 the State of New Mexico declared that the Gentoo Foundation, Inc. had returned to good standing and was free to do business.<ref>{{cite web \|url=https://efile.prc.newmexico.gov/Efile/corplookup/Details.aspx?Nmscc=2463313 \|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130626172841/https://efile.prc.newmexico.gov/Efile/corplookup/Details.aspx?Nmscc=2463313 \|url-status=dead \|archive-date=2013-06-26 \|title=Gentoo Foundation, Inc. \|publisher=New Mexico Corporation Division Efile \|access-date=2013-04-27 }}</ref> ==Features== Gentoo appeals to Linux users who want full control of the software that is installed and running on their computer.<ref name="Negus2008"/>{{rp\|402}} People who are prepared to invest the time required to configure and tune a Gentoo system can build very efficient [[Desktop environment\|desktops]] and [[Server (computing)\|servers]].{{citation needed\|date=January 2021}} Gentoo encourages users to build a [[Linux kernel]] tailored to their particular hardware. It allows very fine control of which services are installed and running, including the option to choose between [[systemd]] or [[OpenRC]] as the default [[init\|init system]]. Memory usage can also be reduced compared to other distributions by omitting unnecessary kernel features and services.<ref name="Negus2008" />{{rp\|386}} Gentoo's package repositories provide a large collection of software. Each package contains details of any [[Coupling (computer programming)\|dependencies]], so only the minimum set of packages need to be installed. Optional features of individual packages, such as whether they require [[Lightweight Directory Access Protocol\|LDAP]] or [[Qt (software)\|Qt]] support, can be selected by the user and any resulting package requirements are automatically included in the set of dependencies.<ref name="Negus2008"/>{{rp\|386}} ~~Inasmuch as~~ Gentoo itself does not have a default [[look and feel]], hence installed packages usually appear as their authors intended.<ref name="Negus2008"/>{{rp\|387}} ===Portage=== {{Main\|Portage (software)}} [[File:Gentoo-portage-installing-darktable.png\|alt=Installing software. In this example, Darktable will build with Flickr and geolocation support.\|left\|thumb\|500x500px\|Installing software. In this example, [[Darktable]] will build with Flickr and geolocation support.]] Portage is Gentoo's [[software distribution]] and [[Package manager\|package management system]]. The original design was based on the [[Ports collection\|ports system]] used by the [[Berkeley Software Distribution]] (BSD) operating systems. The Gentoo repository contains over 19,000 packages ~~ready for installation in a Gentoo system~~.<ref name="Negus2006">{{cite book\|author=Chris Negus\|title=Live Linux CDs: Building and Customizing Bootables\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2S3eUgb39C8C&pg=PA224\|year=2006\|publisher=Prentice Hall Professional\|isbn=978-0-13-243274-0\|pages=224–\|access-date=April 20, 2020\|archive-date=March 26, 2023\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326011823/https://books.google.com/books?id=2S3eUgb39C8C&pg=PA224\|url-status=live}}</ref> A single invocation of portage's {{mono\|emerge}} command can update the local copy of the Gentoo repository, search for a package, or download, compile, and install one or more packages and their dependencies. The built-in features can be set for individual packages, or globally, with so-called "USE flags".<ref name="Negus2006"/> Pre-compiled binaries are provided for some applications with long build times, such as [[LibreOffice]] and [[Firefox\|Mozilla Firefox]], but users lose the ability to customize optional features. There are configuration options to reduce ~~compilation~~compiling times, such as by enabling parallel ~~compilation~~compiling or using [[Pipeline (Unix)\|pipes]] instead of temporary files.<ref>[https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/Handbook:X86/Installation/Stage#CFLAGS_and_CXXFLAGS CFLAGS and CXXFLAGS] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180212004956/https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/Handbook:X86/Installation/Stage#CFLAGS_and_CXXFLAGS \|date=February 12, 2018 }}, Gentoo Linux x86 Handbook. December 13, 2014. Accessed February 10, 2018.</ref> Package ~~compilation~~compiling may also be distributed over multiple computers.<ref>[https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/Distcc Distcc] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180212004954/https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/Distcc \|date=February 12, 2018 }}, Gentoo Linux Wiki. February 2, 2018. Accessed February 10, 2018.</ref> Additionally, the user may be able to [[RAM drive\|mount a large filesystem in memory]] to further speed up the process of building packages. Some approaches have drawbacks and are not enabled by default. When installing the same package on multiple computers with sufficiently similar hardware, the package may be compiled once and a binary package created for quick installation on the other computers.<ref>[https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/Binary_package_guide Binary package guide] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180212004921/https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/Binary_package_guide \|date=February 12, 2018 }}, Gentoo Linux Wiki. November 13, 2017. Accessed February 10, 2018.</ref> On December 29th, 2023, it was announced that Gentoo will offer binary packages for download and direct installation. For most architectures, this will be limited to the core system and weekly updates. For amd64 and arm64 however the availability of binary packages reaches over 20 GB. <ref>{{cite web \|url=https://www.gentoo.org/news/2023/12/29/Gentoo-binary.html \|title=Gentoo goes Binary!}}</ref> ===Portability=== AsInasmuch as Gentoo is a source-based distribution with a repository describing how to build the packages, adding instructions to build on different [[Instruction set architecture\|machine architectures]] is particularly easy.<ref name="Horan2013">{{cite book\|author=Brendan Horan\|title=Practical Raspberry Pi\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5Vy_UfRQduQC&pg=PA222\|date=March 26, 2013\|publisher=Apress\|isbn=978-1-4302-4971-9\|pages=222–\|access-date=April 20, 2020\|archive-date=March 26, 2023\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326011821/https://books.google.com/books?id=5Vy_UfRQduQC&pg=PA222\|url-status=live}}</ref> Originally built on the [[IA-32]] architecture, Gentoo has since been ported to many others. It is officially supported and considered stable on IA-32, [[x86-64]], [[~~Itanium\|IA~~PA-64RISC]], [[PA32-~~RISC]],~~bit computing\|32-bit]] and [[64-bit computing\|64-bit]] [[PowerPC]], 64-bit [[SPARC]], [[DEC Alpha]], and ~~both~~ 32- and 64-bit [[ARM architecture\|ARM]] architectures.<ref>{{cite web \|url=https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/Handbook:Main_Page#Viewing_the_Handbook \|title=Handbook:Main Page - Gentoo Wiki \|access-date=2018-08-31 \|archive-date=March 18, 2017 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170318083659/https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/Handbook:Main_Page#Viewing_the_Handbook \|url-status=live }}</ref> It is also officially supported but considered in-development state on [[MIPS architecture\|MIPS]],<ref>{{cite web\|url=https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/Project:MIPS\|title=Gentoo/MIPS\|publisher=gentoo.org\|access-date=2014-01-06\|archive-date=January 6, 2014\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140106202500/https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/Project:MIPS\|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Cell (microprocessor)\|PS3 Cell Processor]], [[IBM Z\|System Z/s390]],.<ref>{{cite web \|url=https://dev.gentoo.org/~vapier/s390/ \|title=Gentoo Linux Documentation – s390 Installation Document \|publisher=dev.gentoo.org \|date=2004-05-12 \|access-date=2010-01-28 \|archive-date=July 28, 2011 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110728051203/http://dev.gentoo.org/~vapier/s390/ \|url-status=live }}</ref> Official support for 32-bit SPARC, ~~hardware~~SuperH and ~~SuperH~~Itanium have been dropped.<ref>{{cite web \|url=https://devmanual.gentoo.org/archs/sparc/index.html \|title=Gentoo Development Guide: Arch Specific Notes – SPARC \|publisher=devmanual.gentoo.org \|access-date=2018-02-10 \|archive-date=September 1, 2018 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180901113131/https://devmanual.gentoo.org/archs/sparc/index.html \|url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web \|title=/: Discontinue Gentoo SuperH port \|url=https://gitweb.gentoo.org/repo/gentoo.git/commit/?id=2e51443573bdad1d4757bed11ed5c02f137b822e \|access-date=July 23, 2020 \|archive-date=July 23, 2020 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200723053402/https://gitweb.gentoo.org/repo/gentoo.git/commit/?id=2e51443573bdad1d4757bed11ed5c02f137b822e \|url-status=live }}</ref> Portability towards other operating systems, such as those derived from [[~~BSD~~Berkeley Software Distribution]] (BSD), including [[macOS]], is under active development by the [[Gentoo/Alt]] project. The [[Gentoo/Alt#Gentoo/FreeBSD\|Gentoo/FreeBSD]] project already has a working guide based on [[FreeSBIE]],<ref>{{cite web\|url=https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/Gentoo_FreeBSD\|title=Gentoo FreeBSD\|publisher=gentoo.org\|access-date=2014-01-06\|archive-date=January 6, 2014\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140106211205/https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/Gentoo_FreeBSD\|url-status=live}}</ref> while Gentoo/NetBSD, Gentoo/OpenBSD and Gentoo/DragonFly are being developed.<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.gentoo.org/proj/en/gentoo-alt/bsd/index.xml \|title=Gentoo Linux Projects – Gentoo/BSD \|publisher=Gentoo.org \|date=2006-10-19 \|access-date=2010-01-28 \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100305161659/http://www.gentoo.org/proj/en/gentoo-alt/bsd/index.xml \|archive-date=March 5, 2010 \|df=mdy-all }}</ref> ~~There~~A isproject ~~also a project~~exists to get Portage working on [[OpenSolaris]]. There was an unofficial project to create a Gentoo port to [[GNU Hurd]], but it has been inactive since 2006.<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.mundurat.net/ggh/ \|title=Gentoo GNU Hurd \|publisher=Mundurat.net \|access-date=2010-01-28 \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100109161805/http://www.mundurat.net/ggh/ \|archive-date=January 9, 2010 \|df=mdy }}</ref> It is also possible to install a Gentoo Prefix (provided by a project that maintains alternative installation methods for Gentoo) in a [[Cygwin]] environment on Windows, but this configuration is experimental.<ref>{{cite web \|url=https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/Prefix/Cygwin \|title=Gentoo Wiki - Prefix/Cygwin \|access-date=February 10, 2018 \|archive-date=November 12, 2019 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191112090959/https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/Prefix/Cygwin \|url-status=live }}</ref> ==Installation== Gentoo may be installed in several ways. The most common ~~way~~ is to use the Gentoo minimal CD with a stage3 [[tar (computing)\|tarball]] (explained below). As with many Linux distributions, Gentoo may be installed from almost any Linux environment, such as another Linux distribution's Live CD, Live USB, or Network Booting using the "Gentoo Alternative Install Guide". A normal install requires a connection to the Internet, but ~~there is also a guide for~~ a network-less install guide exists. On April 3, 2022, it was announced that there would be a new official image with a GUI, called the LiveGUI image. This can be installed onto installation media such as a USB drive or a dual-layer DVD. It includes a large selection of software, including the [[KDE Plasma 56]] desktop environment, image editors, office software, system administration, and installation tools.<ref>{{Cite web \|title=New Gentoo LiveGUI ISO and artwork / branding contest! ~~– Gentoo Linux~~ \|url=https://www.gentoo.org/news/2022/04/03/livegui-artwork-contest.html \|access-date=2022-07-14 \|website=~~www.gentoo~~Gentoo.org \|archive-date=July 14, 2022 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220714062914/https://www.gentoo.org/news/2022/04/03/livegui-artwork-contest.html \|url-status=live }}</ref> Previously, Gentoo supported installation from stage1 and stage2 tarballs;. ~~however, the~~The Gentoo Foundation no longer recommends ~~them.~~this ~~Stage1~~usage; stage1 and stage2 are now meant only for Gentoo developers.<ref>{{cite news\|url=https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/FAQ#How_do_I_install_Gentoo_using_a_stage1_or_stage2_tarball.3F\|title=How do I Install Gentoo Using a Stage1 or Stage2 Tarball?\|access-date=April 20, 2020\|archive-date=January 6, 2014\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140106202051/https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/FAQ#How_do_I_install_Gentoo_using_a_stage1_or_stage2_tarball.3F\|url-status=live}}</ref> Following the initial install steps, the Gentoo Linux install process in the Gentoo Handbook describes compiling a new Linux kernel. This process is generally not required by other Linux distributions. Although this is widely regarded as a complex task, Gentoo provides documentation and tools ~~such as [[Genkernel]]~~ to simplify the process. In addition, users may also use an existing kernel known to work on their system by simply copying it to the boot directory, or installing one of the provided pre-compiled kernel packages, and updating their bootloader. Support for installation is provided on the Gentoo forum,<ref>{{Cite web\|title=Gentoo Forums :: View Forum - Installing Gentoo\|url=https://forums.gentoo.org/viewforum-f-14.html\|access-date=2021-12-30\|website=forums.gentoo.org\|archive-date=December 30, 2021\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211230032138/https://forums.gentoo.org/viewforum-f-14.html\|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Reddit]],<ref>{{Cite web\|title=r/Gentoo\|url=https://www.reddit.com/r/Gentoo/\|access-date=2021-12-30\|website=reddit\|language=en-US\|archive-date=December 30, 2021\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211230032132/https://www.reddit.com/r/Gentoo/\|url-status=live}}</ref> and [[Internet Relay Chat\|IRC]].<ref>{{Cite web\|title=IRC channels – Gentoo Linux\|url=https://www.gentoo.org/get-involved/irc-channels/\|access-date=2021-12-30\|website=~~www.gentoo~~Gentoo.org\|archive-date=December 30, 2021\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211230032139/https://www.gentoo.org/get-involved/irc-channels/\|url-status=live}}</ref> A [[Live USB]] of Gentoo Linux can be created manually, by using [[List of tools to create Live USB systems\|various tools]], or with [[Dd (Unix)\|dd]] as described in the [https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/LiveUSB/Guide#dd handbook]. Line 86 ⟶ 94: ''Stage3'' begins with a minimal set of compiled user software, with which the [[kernel (operating system)\|kernel]] and any other additional software are then configured and compiled. Since October 2005, only the stage3 installations have been officially supported, due to the inherent complexities of bootstrapping from earlier stages (which requires resolving and then breaking numerous [[~~dependency~~Circular ~~graph~~dependency\|circular dependencies]]).<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.gentoo.org/news/en/gwn/20051114-newsletter.xml \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051125005807/http://www.gentoo.org/news/en/gwn/20051114-newsletter.xml \|url-status=dead \|archive-date=2005-11-25 \|title=Gentoo Linux Newsletter – November 14th, 2005 \|publisher=Gentoo.org \|access-date=2010-01-28}}</ref> [[Tar (file format)\|Tar]]balls for stage1 and stage2 were distributed for some time after this,{{when\|date=September 2014}} although the instructions for installing from these stages had been removed from the handbook<ref>{{cite web\|url=https://archives.gentoo.org/gentoo-doc/message/10e3dc2fcf03e67fb91e8933ea0e5b35\|title=Stage1/2 deprecation from Gentoo Handbook\|publisher=Gentoo\|date=2005-11-05\|access-date=2018-02-10\|archive-date=February 12, 2018\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180212004939/https://archives.gentoo.org/gentoo-doc/message/10e3dc2fcf03e67fb91e8933ea0e5b35\|url-status=live}}</ref> and moved into the Gentoo FAQ.<ref name=gentoo-faq>{{cite web\|url=https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/FAQ\|title=Gentoo Linux Frequently Asked Questions\|publisher=gentoo.org\|access-date=2014-01-06\|archive-date=January 6, 2014\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140106202051/https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/FAQ\|url-status=live}}</ref> {{As of\|2015\|09}}, only the supported stage3 tarballs are publicly available; stage1 and stage2 tarballs are only "officially" generated and used internally by Gentoo development teams. However, if so desired, a user may still rebuild the toolchain or reinstall the base system software during or after a normal stage3 installation, effectively simulating the old bootstrap process.<ref>{{cite web\|url=https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/Sakaki's_EFI_Install_Guide/Building_the_Gentoo_Base_System_Minus_Kernel#Bootstrapping_the_Base_System_.28Optional_but_Recommended.29\|title=Sakaki's EFI Install Guide/Building the Gentoo Base System Minus Kernel\|publisher=Sakaki\|date=2014-07-04\|access-date=2017-01-09\|archive-date=November 19, 2017\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171119211822/https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/Sakaki%27s_EFI_Install_Guide/Building_the_Gentoo_Base_System_Minus_Kernel#Bootstrapping_the_Base_System_.28Optional_but_Recommended.29\|url-status=dead}}</ref> ===Gentoo Reference Platform=== Line 96 ⟶ 104: Like other Linux distributions, Gentoo systems have an <code>/etc/gentoo-release</code> file, but this contains the version of the installed <code>sys-apps/baselayout</code> package. In 2004, Gentoo began to version its Live media by year rather than numerically. This continued until 2008, when it was announced that the 2008.1 Live CD release had been cancelled in favour of weekly automated builds of both Stages 3 and Minimal CDs.<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.gentoo.org/news/20080922-releng-announcement.xml \|title=Gentoo News – New release strategy to provide more current install media \|publisher=Gentoo.org \|date=2008-09-22 \|access-date=2010-01-28 \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100208123741/http://www.gentoo.org/news/20080922-releng-announcement.xml \|archive-date=February 8, 2010 \|df=mdy-all }}</ref> On December 20, 2008, the first weekly builds were published.<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.gentoo.org/news/20081220-releng-first-weekly-stage.xml \|title=Gentoo News – First sets of weekly stage3 tarballs and minimal CDs released \|publisher=Gentoo.org \|date=2008-12-20 \|access-date=2010-01-28 \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100702230431/http://www.gentoo.org/news/20081220-releng-first-weekly-stage.xml \|archive-date=July 2, 2010 \|df=mdy-all }}</ref> In 2009, a special [[Live CD\|Live DVD]] was created to celebrate the Gentoo 10-year anniversary.<ref name="10-years" /> ===Release media version history=== Line 117 ⟶ 125: \| 1.4 maintenance release 1 \|\| {{dts\|2003-09-11\|format=mdy}}{{Citation needed\|date=January 2009}} \|- \| 2004.0<ref>{{cite web\|url=https://www.linuxjournal.com/article/7438\|title=Gentoo for All the Unusual Reasons\|website=[[Linux Journal]]\|access-date=June 23, 2018\|archive-date=June 23, 2018\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180623221932/https://www.linuxjournal.com/article/7438\|url-status=live}}</ref> \|\| {{dts\|2004-03-01\|format=mdy}}<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.gentoo.org/news/en/gwn/20040301-newsletter.xml \|title=Gentoo Linux Newsletter – March 1st, 2004 \|publisher=Gentoo.org \|access-date=2010-01-28 \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100102104412/http://www.gentoo.org/news/en/gwn/20040301-newsletter.xml \|archive-date=January 2, 2010 \|df=mdy-all }}</ref> (versioning changed to four releases a year) \|- \| 2004.1 \|\| {{dts\|2004-04-28\|format=mdy}} \|- \| 2004.2 \|\| {{dts\|2004-07-26\|format=mdy}}<ref>{{cite web \|url=https://www.gentoo.org/proj/en/releng/release/2004.2/2004.2-press-release.txt \|title=Today marks the release of Gentoo Linux 2004.2 for the AMD64, HPPA, SPARC and X86 architectures! \|publisher=gentoo.org \|date=2004-07-26 \|access-date=2018-02-10 \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141224104108/http://www.gentoo.org//proj/en/releng/release/2004.2/2004.2-press-release.txt \|archive-date=2014-12-24 \|df=mdy-all }}</ref> \|- \| 2004.3 \|\| {{dts\|2004-11-15\|format=mdy}}<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.gentoo.org/news/en/gwn/20041115-newsletter.xml \|title=Gentoo Linux Newsletter – November 15, 2004 \|publisher=Gentoo.org \|access-date=2010-01-28 \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101223035338/http://www.gentoo.org/news/en/gwn/20041115-newsletter.xml \|archive-date=December 23, 2010 \|df=mdy-all }}</ref> \|- \| 2005.0<ref>{{cite journal\|url=https://distrowatch.com/weekly.php?issue=20050509#1\|title=Mini review: Gentoo Linux 2005.0\|journal=[[DistroWatch]]\|issue=99\|date=May 9, 2005\|access-date=June 23, 2018\|archive-date=June 23, 2018\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180623221953/https://distrowatch.com/weekly.php?issue=20050509#1\|url-status=live}}</ref> \|\| {{dts\|2005-03-27\|format=mdy}}<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.gentoo.org/news/20050327-release-2005.0.xml \|title=Gentoo Linux – Release Announcement: Gentoo Linux 2005.0 \|publisher=Gentoo.org \|date=2005-03-27 \|access-date=2010-01-28 \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090823075724/http://www.gentoo.org/news/20050327-release-2005.0.xml \|archive-date=August 23, 2009 \|df=mdy-all }}</ref> (versioning changed to semi-annual releases) \|- \| 2005.1<ref>{{cite web\|url=https://www.osnews.com/story/12129\|title=A Slacker Tries His Hand at Gentoo\|website=OSNews\|access-date=April 20, 2020\|archive-date=August 6, 2020\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200806224329/https://www.osnews.com/story/12129/\|url-status=live}}</ref> \|\| {{dts\|2005-08-08\|format=mdy}}<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.gentoo.org/news/20050808-annoncement-release-2005.1.xml \|title=Gentoo Linux – Release Announcement: Gentoo Linux 2005.1 \|publisher=Gentoo.org \|date=2005-08-10 \|access-date=2010-01-28 \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101224110613/http://www.gentoo.org/news/20050808-annoncement-release-2005.1.xml \|archive-date=December 24, 2010 \|df=mdy-all }}</ref> \|- \| 2005.1-r1 \|\| {{dts\|2005-11-21\|format=mdy}}<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.gentoo.org/news/20051121-release-2005.1-r1.xml \|title=Gentoo Linux – Media Refresh: Gentoo Linux 2005.1-r1 \|publisher=Gentoo.org \|date=2005-11-21 \|access-date=2010-01-28 \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090227012241/http://www.gentoo.org/news/20051121-release-2005.1-r1.xml \|archive-date=February 27, 2009 \|df=mdy-all }}</ref> (maintenance release 1) \|- \| 2006.0 \|\| {{dts\|2006-02-27\|format=mdy}}<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.gentoo.org/news/20060227-release-2006.0.xml \|title=Gentoo Linux – Release Announcement: Gentoo Linux 2006.0 \|publisher=Gentoo.org \|date=2006-02-27 \|access-date=2010-01-28 \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090227011629/http://www.gentoo.org/news/20060227-release-2006.0.xml \|archive-date=February 27, 2009 \|df=mdy-all }}</ref> \|- \| 2006.1 \|\| {{dts\|2006-08-30\|format=mdy}}<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.gentoo.org/news/20060830-release.xml \|title=Gentoo Linux – Gentoo Linux 2006.1 – Unleashed \|publisher=Gentoo.org \|date=2006-08-30 \|access-date=2010-01-28 \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090227015050/http://www.gentoo.org/news/20060830-release.xml \|archive-date=February 27, 2009 \|df=mdy-all }}</ref> \|- \| 2007.0 \|\| {{dts\|2007-05-07\|format=mdy}}<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.gentoo.org/news/20070507-release-2007.0.xml \|title=Gentoo Linux – Gentoo Linux 2007.0 released \|publisher=Gentoo.org \|date=2007-05-07 \|access-date=2010-01-28 \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090227013648/http://www.gentoo.org/news/20070507-release-2007.0.xml \|archive-date=February 27, 2009 \|df=mdy-all }}</ref> \|- \| 2008.0 \|\| {{dts\|2008-07-06\|format=mdy}}<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.gentoo.org/news/20080706-release-2008.0.xml \|title=Gentoo Linux – Gentoo Linux 2008.0 released \|publisher=Gentoo.org \|date=2008-07-06 \|access-date=2010-01-28 \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100912194133/http://www.gentoo.org/news/20080706-release-2008.0.xml \|archive-date=September 12, 2010 \|df=mdy-all }}</ref> \|- \| Weekly Releases started<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.gentoo.org/news/20080922-releng-announcement.xml \|title=Gentoo Linux – New release strategy to provide more current install media \|publisher=Gentoo.org \|date=2008-09-22 \|access-date=2010-01-28 \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100208123741/http://www.gentoo.org/news/20080922-releng-announcement.xml \|archive-date=February 8, 2010 \|df=mdy-all }}</ref> \|\| {{dts\|2008-09-22}} \|} Line 149 ⟶ 157: ! Date/info \|- \| Unreal Tournament 2003 LiveCD \|\| {{dts\|2002-09-18\|format=mdy}}<ref>{{cite web \|url=~~http~~https://freshmeat.sourceforge.net/projects/gentoo-ut2k3demo \|title=Unreal Tournament 2003 LiveCD \|publisher=sourceforge.net \|date=2003-04-13 \|access-date=2018-02-10 \|archive-date=February 11, 2018 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180211072132/http://freshmeat.sourceforge.net/projects/gentoo-ut2k3demo \|url-status=live }}</ref> - Bootable NVIDIA GPU-accelerated [[Unreal Tournament 2003]] LiveCD, demoed at [[LinuxWorld Conference and Expo]] 2003. \|- \| 10.0 \|\| {{dts\|2009-10-04\|format=mdy}}<ref name="10-years">{{cite web \|url=https://www.gentoo.org/news/20091004-gentoo-10-years.xml \|title=Gentoo Linux – Ten Years Compiling: 1999–2009 \|publisher=Gentoo.org \|date=2009-10-04 \|access-date=2018-02-10 \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141222231552/https://www.gentoo.org/news/20091004-gentoo-10-years.xml \|archive-date=December 22, 2014 \|df=mdy-all }}</ref> (special edition Live DVD for the 10th anniversary) \|- \| 10.1 \|\| {{dts\|2009-10-10\|format=mdy}}<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.gentoo.org/news/20091023-livedvd-10.1-announcement.xml \|title=Gentoo Ten Live DVD 10.1 Release \|publisher=Gentoo.org \|date=2009-10-23 \|access-date=2014-10-13 \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140820152154/http://www.gentoo.org/news/20091023-livedvd-10.1-announcement.xml \|archive-date=August 20, 2014 \|df=mdy-all }}</ref> (Bugfix release of Special Live DVD) \|- \| 11.0 \|\| {{dts\|2011-04-08\|format=mdy}}<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.gentoo.org/news/20110308-livedvd.xml \|title=Gentoo Linux - LiveDVD 11.0 \|publisher=Gentoo.org \|date=2011-03-08 \|access-date=2014-10-13 \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141222015352/http://www.gentoo.org/news/20110308-livedvd.xml \|archive-date=December 22, 2014 \|df=mdy-all }}</ref> (Anniversary Live DVD is updated to latest package versions) \|- \| 12.0 \|\| {{dts\|2012-01-02\|format=mdy}}<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.gentoo.org/news/20120102-livedvd.xml \|title=Gentoo Linux releases 12.0 LiveDVD \|publisher=Gentoo.org \|date=2012-01-02 \|access-date=2014-10-13 \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141110170016/http://www.gentoo.org/news/20120102-livedvd.xml \|archive-date=November 10, 2014 \|df=mdy-all }}</ref> \|- \| 12.1 \|\| {{dts\|2012-04-01\|format=mdy}}<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.gentoo.org/news/20120401-livedvd.xml \|title=Gentoo Linux releases 12.1 LiveDVD \|publisher=Gentoo.org \|date=2012-04-01 \|access-date=2014-10-13 \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141013063631/http://www.gentoo.org/news/20120401-livedvd.xml \|archive-date=October 13, 2014 \|df=mdy-all }}</ref> (With an April Fool's joke named "Install Wizard") \|- \| 20121221 \|\| {{dts\|2012-12-21\|format=mdy}}<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.gentoo.org/news/20121221-livedvd.xml \|title=Gentoo Linux releases 20121221 LiveDVD - End Of World Edition \|publisher=Gentoo.org \|date=2012-12-21 \|access-date=2014-10-13 \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141003123703/http://www.gentoo.org/news/20121221-livedvd.xml \|archive-date=October 3, 2014 \|df=mdy-all }}</ref> (Live DVD - End Of World Edition) \|- \| 20140826 \|\| {{dts\|2014-08-26\|format=mdy}}<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.gentoo.org/news/20140826-livedvd.xml \|title=Gentoo Linux releases the 20140826 LiveDVD - Iron Penguin Edition \|publisher=Gentoo.org \|date=2014-08-26 \|access-date=2014-10-13 \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141010185011/http://www.gentoo.org/news/20140826-livedvd.xml \|archive-date=October 10, 2014 \|df=mdy-all }}</ref> (Live DVD - Iron Penguin Edition) \|- \| 20160514 \|\| {{dts\|2016-05-14\|format=mdy}}<ref>{{cite web \|url=https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/Project:RelEng/LiveDVD/20160514 \|title=Gentoo Linux releases the 20160514 LiveDVD - Choice Edition \|publisher=Gentoo.org \|date=2016-05-14 \|access-date=2016-06-11 \|archive-date=August 1, 2020 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200801005216/https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/Project:RelEng/LiveDVD/20160514 \|url-status=live }}</ref> (Live DVD - Choice Edition; UEFI, ZFSOnLinux, and writable file systems using [[Aufs\|AUFS]]) \|- \| 20160704<ref>{{cite journal\|url=https://distrowatch.com/weekly.php?issue=20160822#gentoo\|title=Gentoo Linux live DVD "Choice Edition"\|journal=DistroWatch\|issue=675\|date=August 22, 2016\|access-date=June 23, 2018\|archive-date=June 23, 2018\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180623221931/https://distrowatch.com/weekly.php?issue=20160822#gentoo\|url-status=live}}</ref> \|\| {{dts\|2016-07-04\|format=mdy}}<ref>{{cite web \|url=https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/Project:RelEng/LiveDVD/20160704 \|title=Gentoo Linux releases the 20160704 LiveDVD - Choice Edition Part Dos \|publisher=Gentoo.org \|date=2016-07-04 \|access-date=2016-08-29 \|archive-date=August 1, 2020 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200801005340/https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/Project:RelEng/LiveDVD/20160704 \|url-status=live }}</ref> (Live DVD - Choice Edition Part Dos) \|} Line 178 ⟶ 186: ! Date/info \|- \| 10.0 \|\| {{dts\|2009-08-06\|format=mdy}}<ref>{{cite web \|url=https://archives.gentoo.org/gentoo-dev/message/a6a1edc89202d698e0c4ebe472a9e511 \|title=New 10.0 profiles are in repository \|date=2009-08-06 \|access-date=2018-02-10 \|archive-date=February 12, 2018 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180212004922/https://archives.gentoo.org/gentoo-dev/message/a6a1edc89202d698e0c4ebe472a9e511 \|url-status=live }}</ref> (cosmetic name change from 2008.0 profiles) \|- \| 13.0 \|\| {{dts\|2013-02-10\|format=mdy}}<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.gentoo.org/support/news-items/2013-02-10-new-13-profiles-server.html \|title=New 13.0 profiles and deprecation of 10.0 profiles \|date=2013-02-10 \|access-date=2018-02-09 \|archive-date=December 22, 2018 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181222003308/https://www.gentoo.org/support/news-items/2013-02-10-new-13-profiles-server.html \|url-status=dead }}</ref> \|- \| 17.0 \|\| {{dts\|2017-11-30\|format=mdy}}<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.gentoo.org/support/news-items/2017-11-30-new-17-profiles.html \|title=New 17.0 profiles in the Gentoo repository \|date=2017-11-30 \|access-date=2018-02-09 \|archive-date=December 22, 2019 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191222002930/https://www.gentoo.org/support/news-items/2017-11-30-new-17-profiles.html \|url-status=live }}</ref> ([[C++14]] and [[Position-independent code#Position-independent executables\|PIE]] by default) \|- \| 17.1 \|\| {{dts\|2017-12-26\|format=mdy}}<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.gentoo.org/support/news-items/2017-12-26-experimental-amd64-17-1-profiles.html \|title=Experimental amd64 17.1 profiles up for testing \|date=2017-12-26 \|access-date=2018-02-09 \|archive-date=December 22, 2018 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181222003035/https://www.gentoo.org/support/news-items/2017-12-26-experimental-amd64-17-1-profiles.html \|url-status=dead }}</ref> (altered multilib layout for [[X86-64\|amd64]] systems) \|- \| 23.0 \|\| {{dts\|2024-03-22\|format=mdy}}<ref>{{cite web \|url=https://www.gentoo.org/support/news-items/2024-03-22-new-23-profiles.html \|title=Profile upgrade to version 23.0 available \|date=2024-03-22 \|access-date=2024-04-18 \|archive-date=2024-03-30 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240330122530/https://www.gentoo.org/support/news-items/2024-03-22-new-23-profiles.html}}</ref> (merged /usr became the default) \|} Line 191 ⟶ 201: ==Incidents== In June 2018 the Gentoo [[GitHub]] code repository mirror used mainly by developers was hacked after an attacker gained access to an organization administrator's account via deducing the password. Gentoo promptly responded by containing the attack and improving security practices. No Gentoo [[Public-key cryptography\|cryptography keys]] or signed packages were compromised, and the repository was restored after five days.<ref>{{cite web\|url=https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/Project:Infrastructure/Incident_Reports/2018-06-28_Github\|title=Project:Infrastructure/Incident Reports/2018-06-28 Github - Gentoo Wiki\|website=wiki.gentoo.org\|access-date=August 23, 2018\|df=dmy-all\|url-status=live\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180810144739/https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/Project:Infrastructure/Incident_Reports/2018-06-28_Github\|archive-date=August 10, 2018}}</ref><ref name="NW-Aftermath">{{cite news\|title=The aftermath of the Gentoo GitHub hack\|url=https://www.networkworld.com/article/~~3287973/linux~~966022/the-aftermath-of-the-gentoo-github-hack.html\|first=Sandra\|last=Henry-Stocker\|publisher=Network World\|date=July 10, 2018\|access-date=August 23, 2018\|df=dmy-all\|url-status=live\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/~~20180724204004~~20231202131628/https://www.networkworld.com/article/~~3287973/linux~~966022/the-aftermath-of-the-gentoo-github-hack.html\|archive-date=~~July~~December 242, ~~2018~~2023}}</ref><ref name="reg2018">{{cite web\|url=https://www.theregister.co.uk/2018/07/05/gentoo_github_hack_weak_password_no_2fa/\|date=5 Jul 2018\|first=Simon\|last=Shallwood\|access-date=July 6, 2018\|title=Gentoo GitHub repo hack made possible by these 3 rookie mistakes\|website=[[The Register]]\|archive-date=July 6, 2018\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180706034246/http://www.theregister.co.uk/2018/07/05/gentoo_github_hack_weak_password_no_2fa/\|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web\|url=https://techcrunch.com/2018/06/29/hackers-too-over-the-gentoo-linux-github-repository/\|title=Hackers took over the Gentoo Linux GitHub repository\|author=John Biggs\|date=June 29, 2018\|website=[[TechCrunch]]\|access-date=August 10, 2018\|archive-date=August 10, 2018\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180810145133/https://techcrunch.com/2018/06/29/hackers-too-over-the-gentoo-linux-github-repository/\|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web\|url=https://itsfoss.com/github-gentoo-hacked/\|title=GitHub Repositories of Gentoo Linux Hacked!\|author=Ankush Das\|date=June 29, 2018\|website=It's FOSS\|access-date=August 10, 2018\|archive-date=August 10, 2018\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180810142125/https://itsfoss.com/github-gentoo-hacked/\|url-status=live}}</ref> ==Logo and mascots== The [[gentoo penguin]] is thought to be the fastest underwater-swimming penguin. The name "Gentoo Linux" ~~acknowledges~~is a reference both to the omnibus Linux mascot{{~~snd~~Mdash}} a penguin called [[Tux (mascot)\|Tux]]{{~~snd~~Mdash}} and the project's aim to produce a high-performance operating system.<ref name="Negus2008">{{cite book\|author=Christopher Negus\|title=Linux Bible: Boot Up to Ubuntu, Fedora, KNOPPIX, Debian, openSUSE, and 11 Other Distributions\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gqXiuPySGg8C&pg=PA389\|date=May 5, 2008\|publisher=John Wiley & Sons\|isbn=978-0-470-28706-4\|pages=389–\|access-date=April 20, 2020\|archive-date=March 26, 2023\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326011818/https://books.google.com/books?id=gqXiuPySGg8C&pg=PA389\|url-status=live}}</ref>{{rp\|383}} The official Gentoo logo is a stylized 'g' resembling a silver [[magatama]].<ref>{{cite web \|url=https://www.gentoo.org/inside-gentoo/foundation/name-logo-guidelines.html \|title=Gentoo name and logo usage guidelines \|publisher=gentoo.org \|access-date=2018-02-10 \|archive-date=December 21, 2017 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171221235643/https://www.gentoo.org/inside-gentoo/foundation/name-logo-guidelines.html \|url-status=live }}</ref> Unofficial mascots include ''Larry The Cow''<ref name=gentoo-about/> and ''Znurt the Flying Saucer''.<ref>{{cite web \|url=https://sources.gentoo.org/cgi-bin/viewvc.cgi/gentoo/xml/images/znurt.jpg?view=markup \|title=(gentoo) Contents of /xml/images/znurt.jpg \|publisher=Gentoo.org \|date=2002-11-09 \|access-date=2011-08-02 \|archive-date=September 29, 2011 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110929112713/http://sources.gentoo.org/cgi-bin/viewvc.cgi/gentoo/xml/images/znurt.jpg?view=markup \|url-status=dead }}</ref>▼ ▲The official Gentoo logo is a stylized 'g' resembling a silver [[magatama]].<ref>{{cite web \|url=https://www.gentoo.org/inside-gentoo/foundation/name-logo-guidelines.html \|title=Gentoo name and logo usage guidelines \|publisher=gentoo.org \|access-date=2018-02-10 \|archive-date=December 21, 2017 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171221235643/https://www.gentoo.org/inside-gentoo/foundation/name-logo-guidelines.html \|url-status=live }}</ref> Unofficial mascots include ''Larry The Cow''<ref name=gentoo-about/> and ''Znurt the Flying Saucer''.<ref>{{cite web \|url=https://sources.gentoo.org/cgi-bin/viewvc.cgi/gentoo/xml/images/znurt.jpg?view=markup \|title=(gentoo) Contents of /xml/images/znurt.jpg \|publisher=Gentoo.org \|date=2002-11-09 \|access-date=2011-08-02 \|archive-date=September 29, 2011 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110929112713/http://sources.gentoo.org/cgi-bin/viewvc.cgi/gentoo/xml/images/znurt.jpg?view=markup \|url-status=dead }}</ref> ==Derived distributions== {{main\|List of Gentoo Linux derivatives}} ~~There are a number of~~Several independently developed ~~variants~~Gentoo ofLinux ~~Gentoo~~variants ~~Linux~~exist, including [[ChromiumOS~~]] and [[Container Linux~~]]. ==See also== {{Portal\|Linux}} * [[Arch Linux]] * [[Linux From Scratch]] * [[T2 SDE]] * [[Ice Hockey]] ==References== {{Reflist~~\|30em~~}} ==External links== {{Commons~~\|Gentoo~~}} * {{Official website\|https://www.gentoo.org/}} {{Linux distributions}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:Gentoo Linux\| ]] [[Category:2002 software]] ~~[[Category:PowerPC operating systems]]~~ [[Category:Source-based Linux distributions]] [[Category:X86-64 Linux distributions]] [[Category:PowerPC Linux distributions]] [[Category:Rolling ~~Release~~release Linux distributions]] [[Category:Independent Linux distributions]]