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{{Short description|Image and video hosting website}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=November 2018}}
{{Infobox website
| name = Flickr
| logo = Flickr wordmark.svg
|
| screenshot_size = 260px
| caption = A viewing page for a photograph hosted on Flickr in 2018
| url =
| commercial = Yes
| type = [[Image hosting service|Image]] and [[Online video platform|video hosting service]]
| registration = Optional; required to upload files
| author = [[Stewart Butterfield]]<br />[[Caterina Fake]]
| parent = [[Ludicorp]] (2004–2005)<br>[[Yahoo! Inc. (1995–2017)|Yahoo! Inc.]] (2005–2017)<br>[[Verizon Media|Oath]] (2017–2018)<br>[[SmugMug]] (2018–present)
| foundation = [[Vancouver]], British Columbia, Canada, {{start date and age|2004}}
| location_city = [[San Francisco]], California
| location_country = United States<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.flickr.com/jobs | title=Flickr Jobs | publisher=Flickr | access-date=April 6, 2018 | archive-date=May 28, 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240528025659/https://flickr.com/jobs | url-status=live }}</ref>
| language = {{Plainlist|
* [[Traditional Chinese characters|Chinese]] (traditional)
* [[English language|English]]
* [[French language|French]]
* [[German language|German]]
* [[Indonesian language|Indonesian]]
* [[Italian language| Italian]]
* [[Korean language|Korean]]
* [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]]
* [[Spanish language| Spanish]]
* [[Vietnamese language|Vietnamese]]
}}
| launch_date = {{Start date and age|2004|2|10}}<ref name="flickr-launch">{{cite web |url= http://blog.flickr.net/en/2012/02/10/an-amazing-8-years/ |title= An Amazing 8 Years – Flickr Blog |date= February 10, 2012 |publisher= Flickr |access-date= February 10, 2014 |archive-date= September 25, 2015 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150925125639/http://blog.flickr.net/en/2012/02/10/an-amazing-8-years/ |url-status= live }}</ref>
| num_users = 112 million<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.codefuel.com/blog/social-media-demographics-2016/|title=Social Media Demographics for 2016|date=Sep 29, 2016|access-date=March 1, 2021|archive-date=May 12, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210512183000/https://www.codefuel.com/blog/social-media-demographics-2016/|url-status=live}}</ref>
| ipv6 = Yes
}}
{{Internet history timeline}}
'''Flickr''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|f|l|ɪ|k|ər|audio=Flickr pronunciation.oga}} {{respell|FLIK|ər}}) is an [[image hosting service|image]] and [[Online video platform|video hosting]] service, as well as an [[online community]], founded in [[Canada]] and headquartered in the [[United States]]. It was created by [[Ludicorp]] in 2004 and was for a time a common way for amateur and professional [[photographer]]s to host high-resolution photos.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/flickr-new-owner-smugmug-remain-independent-2018-4|title=A small family-run firm bought Flickr from Verizon and says it can bring back its glory days|first=Rachel|last=Sandler|website=Business Insider|access-date=December 3, 2020|archive-date=July 31, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200731203025/https://www.businessinsider.com/flickr-new-owner-smugmug-remain-independent-2018-4|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.image-host-script.com/?p=34|title=Flickr vs Imgur: Which is Best? – Best Image Hosting Scripts|date=January 4, 2016|access-date=December 3, 2020|archive-date=October 28, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201028002331/http://www.image-host-script.com/?p=34|url-status=live}}</ref> Flickr was owned by [[Yahoo!]] from 2005 and has been owned by [[SmugMug]] since 2018.<ref name=sm />
{{As of|2015|6|10|post=,|df=US}} Flickr had a total of 112 million registered members and more than 3.5 million new images uploaded daily.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://blog.flickr.net/en/2015/06/10/thank-you-flickr-community/|title=Thank You, Flickr Community!|date=June 15, 2015|access-date=August 29, 2015|archive-date=February 23, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240223124006/https://blog.flickr.net/en/2015/06/10/thank-you-flickr-community/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://petapixel.com/2015/05/07/flickr-launches-new-design-and-features-now-has-112m-members/|title=Flickr Launches New Design and Features, Now Has 112M Members|date=May 7, 2015|access-date=August 29, 2015|archive-date=September 8, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150908115745/http://petapixel.com/2015/05/07/flickr-launches-new-design-and-features-now-has-112m-members/|url-status=live}}</ref> On August 5, 2011, the site reported that it was hosting more than 6 billion images.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://news.softpedia.com/news/Flickr-Boasts-6-Billion-Photo-Uploads-215380.shtml | title=Flickr Boasts 6 Billion Photo Uploads | publisher=Softpedia | date=August 5, 2011 | access-date=March 1, 2012 | first=Lucian | last=Parfeni | archive-date=August 6, 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200806145447/https://news.softpedia.com/news/Flickr-Boasts-6-Billion-Photo-Uploads-215380.shtml | url-status=live }}</ref> In 2024, it was reported as having shared 10 billion photos and accepting 25 million per day.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-07-05 |title=Flickr Statistics, User Count, & Facts (August 2024) |url=https://photutorial.com/flickr-statistics/ |access-date=2024-08-18 |website=photutorial.com |language=en-US}}</ref> Flickr also hosts the largest collection of [[Creative Commons]]-licensed photos on the web.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://blog.flickr.net/en/2025/06/18/creative-commons-4-0-has-arrived-on-flickr/ | title=Creative Commons 4.0 has arrived on Flickr! | date=June 18, 2025 }}</ref>
Photos and videos can be accessed from Flickr without the need to register an account, but an account must be made to upload content to the site. Registering an account also allows users to create a profile page containing photos and videos that the user has uploaded and also grants the ability to add another Flickr user as a contact. For mobile users, Flickr has official [[mobile app]]s for [[iOS]],<ref>{{cite web|title=Flickr for iPhone, iPod touch, and iPad on the iTunes App Store|website=[[iTunes]]|url=https://apps.apple.com/us/app/flickr/id328407587|access-date=July 24, 2013|archive-date=June 9, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190609220801/https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/flickr/id328407587?mt=8|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Android (operating system)|Android]],<ref>{{cite web|title=Official Flickr App for Android|url=https://www.flickr.com/android|access-date=July 24, 2013|archive-date=November 4, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131104135947/http://www.flickr.com/android/|url-status=live}}</ref> and an optimized mobile site.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.flickr.com/help/mobile/?search=m.flickr.com#212 |title=Help: Using Flickr on your phone |publisher=Flickr |access-date=April 5, 2014 |archive-date=October 3, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151003005424/https://www.flickr.com/help/mobile/?search=m.flickr.com#212 |url-status=live }}</ref>
==History==
Flickr was launched on February 10, 2004, by [[Ludicorp]], a [[Vancouver]]-based company founded by [[Stewart Butterfield]] and [[Caterina Fake]]. The service emerged from tools originally created for Ludicorp's ''Game Neverending'', a web-based [[massively multiplayer online game]]. Flickr proved a more feasible project, and ultimately ''Game Neverending'' was shelved.<ref>{{cite news|last=Graham|first=Jefferson|title=Flickr of Idea on a Gaming Project Led to Photo Website|work=[[USA Today]]|date=February 27, 2006|url=https://www.usatoday.com/tech/products/2006-02-27-flickr_x.htm|access-date=September 4, 2006|archive-date=July 14, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120714014139/http://www.usatoday.com/tech/products/2006-02-27-flickr_x.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> Butterfield later launched a similar online game, [[Glitch (video game)|''Glitch'']], which was shut down on November 14, 2012.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fastcompany.com/1783127/can-a-game-that-wants-you-to-play-nice-become-a-blockbuster|title=A Flickr Founder's Glitch: Can A Game That Wants You To Play Nice Be A Blockbuster?|publisher=Fast Company|date=September 27, 2011|access-date=September 30, 2011|archive-date=July 12, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120712030522/http://www.fastcompany.com/1783127/can-a-game-that-wants-you-to-play-nice-become-a-blockbuster|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Lunden|first=Ingrid|title=As Flickr Co-Founder Butterfield Shuts Down Glitch, Is He Planning A New Photo Service? 'You Will Know It Well,' He Says|url=https://techcrunch.com/2012/11/15/as-flickr-co-founder-butterfield-shuts-down-glitch-is-he-planning-a-new-photo-service-you-will-know-it-well-he-says/|work=[[TechCrunch]]|access-date=July 24, 2013|date=November 15, 2012|archive-date=July 5, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170705182912/https://techcrunch.com/2012/11/15/as-flickr-co-founder-butterfield-shuts-down-glitch-is-he-planning-a-new-photo-service-you-will-know-it-well-he-says/|url-status=live}}</ref>
Early
In addition to being a popular website for users to share and embed personal photographs and an [[online community]], in 2004, the service was widely used by photo researchers and by bloggers to host images that they embed in blogs and [[social media]].<ref>{{cite magazine | first=Daniel | last=Terdiman | title=Photo Site a Hit With Bloggers | url=https://www.wired.com/culture/lifestyle/news/2004/12/65958 | quote=Flickr enables users to post photos from nearly any camera phone or directly from a PC. It also allows users to post photos from their accounts or from their cameras to most widely used blog services. The result is that an increasing number of bloggers are regularly posting photos from their Flickr accounts. | magazine=[[Wired (magazine)|Wired]] | author-link=Daniel Terdiman | date=December 9, 2004 | access-date=March 7, 2017 | archive-date=December 17, 2012 | archive-url=https://archive.today/20121217203841/http://www.wired.com/culture/lifestyle/news/2004/12/65958 | url-status=live }}</ref>
[[Yahoo!]] acquired Ludicorp and Flickr on March 20, 2005.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB111136815551984786 |work=[[Wall Street Journal #Website|Wall Street Journal]] |first=Kevin J. |last=Delaney |title=Yahoo Acquires Flickr Creator |date=March 20, 2005 |access-date=February 28, 2024 |archive-date=February 29, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240229005116/https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB111136815551984786 |url-status=live }}</ref> The acquisition reportedly cost between $22 million and $25 million.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.wired.com/2014/08/the-most-fascinating-profile-youll-ever-read-about-a-guy-and-his-boring-startup/ |work=[[Wired (magazine)#Website|Wired]] |first=Mat |last=Honan |title=The Most Fascinating Profile You'll Ever Read About a Guy and His Boring Startup |date=August 7, 2014 |access-date=September 21, 2014 |archive-date=December 6, 2016 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20161206125151/https://www.wired.com/2014/08/the-most-fascinating-profile-youll-ever-read-about-a-guy-and-his-boring-startup/ |url-status=live }}</ref> During the week of June 26, 2005 to July 2, 2005, all content was migrated from servers in Canada to servers in the United States, and all resulting data became subject to [[Law of the United States|United States federal law]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Data Moving to U.S. Very Soon! |work=Flickr |date=June 10, 2005 |url=https://www.flickr.com/forums/help/8280/ |access-date=September 4, 2006 |archive-date=January 9, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070109212032/http://flickr.com/forums/help/8280/ |url-status=live }}</ref>{{explain|date=January 2022}} On May 3, 2007, Yahoo! announced that [[Yahoo! Photos]] would close down on September 20, 2007, after which all photos would be deleted; users were encouraged to migrate to Flickr.<ref>{{cite news|title=Yahoo Photos Going Dark as Flickr Shines On|work=[[USA Today]]|url=https://www.usatoday.com/tech/webguide/2007-05-03-yahoo-photos-flickr_N.htm|access-date=May 30, 2007|first=Jefferson|last=Graham|date=May 3, 2007|archive-date=September 24, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120924054832/http://www.usatoday.com/tech/webguide/2007-05-03-yahoo-photos-flickr_N.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> On January 31, 2007, Flickr announced that, to continue using the service, "Old Skool" members (those who had joined before the Yahoo! acquisition) would be required to associate their account with a Yahoo! identity by March 15, 2007.<ref>{{cite web |title=Yahoo IDs, Signing in and Screen Names |work=Flickr |url=https://flickr.com/help/signin/ |access-date=February 1, 2007 |archive-date=March 4, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304111728/https://www.flickr.com/help/signin/ |url-status=live }}</ref> That move was criticized by some users.<ref>{{cite news |title=Flickr to Require Yahoo Usernames |work=BBC News |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/technology/6316761.stm |date=February 1, 2007 |access-date=June 15, 2007 |archive-date=August 1, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200801104459/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/technology/6316761.stm |url-status=live }}</ref>
Flickr upgraded its services from "[[Software release life cycle#BETA|beta]]" to "[[Software release life cycle|gamma]]" status on May 16, 2006, the changes attracted positive attention from [[Lifehacker]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Pash|first=Adam|title=Flickr Upgrades to Gamma|url=http://lifehacker.com/174217/flickr-upgrades-to-gamma|work=[[Lifehacker]]|access-date=July 26, 2013|date=May 16, 2006|archive-date=August 11, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170811143311/http://lifehacker.com/174217/flickr-upgrades-to-gamma|url-status=live}}</ref> On December 13, 2006, upload limits on free accounts were increased to 100 MB a month (from 20 MB) and were removed from Flickr Pro accounts, which originally had a 2 GB per month limit.<ref>{{cite web|title=Flickr Gifts and Unlimited Uploads|work=[[Mashable]]|url=http://mashable.com/2006/12/13/flickr-gifts-and-unlimited-uploads/|access-date=July 26, 2013|date=December 13, 2006|last=Cashmore|first=Pete|archive-date=August 6, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200806114642/https://mashable.com/2006/12/13/flickr-gifts-and-unlimited-uploads/|url-status=live}}</ref> On April 9, 2008, Flickr began allowing paid subscribers to upload videos, limited to 90 seconds in length and 150 MB in size. On March 2, 2009, Flickr added the facility to upload and view [[High-definition video|HD videos]], and began allowing free users to upload normal-resolution video. At the same time, the set limit for free accounts was lifted.<ref>{{cite web|last=Lowensohn|first=Josh|title=Flickr Video Goes HD, Tells Time|url=http://news.cnet.com/8301-17939_109-10185433-2.html|work=[[CNET]]|access-date=July 26, 2013|date=March 2, 2009|archive-date=August 6, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200806211452/https://www.cnet.com/17939_109-10185433-2.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> In 2009, Flickr announced a partnership with [[Getty Images]] in which selected users could submit photographs for [[stock photography]] usage and receive payment. On June 16, 2010, this was changed so that users could label images as suitable for stock use themselves.<ref>{{cite news |last=Shiels |first=Maggie |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/technology/8744817.stm |title=Getty Taps into Flickr Snappers |work=[[BBC News]] |date=June 17, 2010 |access-date=May 21, 2013 |archive-date=August 11, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170811145239/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/technology/8744817.stm |url-status=live }}</ref>
[[File: How many public photos are uploaded to Flickr every day, month, year? (6855169886).png|thumb|Graph of Flickr public uploads, which peaked in 2013–2015 before the launch of [[Google Photos]]]]
{{anchor|2013 Flickr upgrade}}On May 20, 2013, Flickr launched the first stage of a major site redesign, introducing a "Justified View" close-spaced photo layout<ref>{{cite web |last=King |first=Phil |url=http://blog.flickr.net/en/2012/02/28/announcing-justified-view/ |title=Announcing the Justified View " Flickr Blog |publisher=Blog.flickr.net |date=February 28, 2012 |access-date=April 4, 2014 |archive-date=March 31, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140331160339/http://blog.flickr.net/en/2012/02/28/announcing-justified-view/ |url-status=live }}</ref> browsed via "infinite scrolling" and adding new features, including one [[terabyte]] of free storage for all users, a scrolling home page (mainly of contacts photos and comments) and updated [[Android (operating system)|Android]] app.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://techcrunch.com/2013/05/20/flickr-gets-a-huge-revamp-with-hi-res-image-filled-ui-new-android-app-and-1tb-of-free-storage/|title=Flickr Gets A Huge Revamp With Hi-Res Image-Filled UI, New Android App and 1TB of Free Storage|date=May 20, 2013|last=Crook|first=Jordan|work=[[TechCrunch]]|access-date=May 21, 2013|archive-date=November 11, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201111222934/https://consent.yahoo.com/v2/collectConsent?sessionId=3_cc-session_5b5460a3-6b05-4640-a480-ec3f0a7453cf|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="CNET">{{cite web|url=http://news.cnet.com/8301-1023_3-57585276-93/yahoo-wants-to-make-flickr-awesome-again/|title=Yahoo Wants to Make Flickr 'Awesome Again'|first=Shara|last=Tibken|work=[[CNET]]|date=May 20, 2013|access-date=May 21, 2013|archive-date=August 16, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130816170007/http://news.cnet.com/8301-1023_3-57585276-93/yahoo-wants-to-make-flickr-awesome-again/|url-status=live}}</ref> The Justified View is paginated between 72 and 360 photos per page but unpaginated in search result presentation. ''Tech Radar'' described the new style Flickr as representing a "sea change" in its purpose.<ref>{{cite web|first=Gary|last=Marshall|url=http://www.techradar.com/news/world-of-tech/photography-video-capture/new-flickr-has-yahoo-lost-its-mind--1153038|title=New Flickr: Has Yahoo Lost Its Mind?|work=[[TechRadar]]|date=May 21, 2013|access-date=May 21, 2013|archive-date=May 22, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190522041030/https://www.techradar.com/news/world-of-tech/photography-video-capture/new-flickr-has-yahoo-lost-its-mind--1153038|url-status=live}}</ref> Many users criticized the changes, and the site's help forum received thousands of negative comments.<ref>{{cite web |last=Shaw |first=Gillian |url=http://blogs.vancouversun.com/2013/05/21/busy-monday-for-yahoo-acquires-tumblr-announces-flickr-overhaul/ |title=Yahoo Acquires Tumblr, Announces Flickr Overhaul |work=[[Vancouver Sun]] |date=May 17, 2013 |access-date=May 23, 2013 |archive-date=March 3, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303220457/http://blogs.vancouversun.com/2013/05/21/busy-monday-for-yahoo-acquires-tumblr-announces-flickr-overhaul/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> On March 25, 2014, Flickr's New Photo Experience, a user interface redesign, left beta.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.digitaltrends.com/photography/flickrs-new-photo-experience-leaves-beta-offers-improved-design-faster-browsing/|title=Flickr's new 'photo experience' leaves beta, offers improved design, faster browsing|last=Esser|first=Felix|work=[[Digital Trends]]|date=March 28, 2014|access-date=April 12, 2014|archive-date=August 6, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200806214126/https://www.digitaltrends.com/photography/flickrs-new-photo-experience-leaves-beta-offers-improved-design-faster-browsing/|url-status=live}}</ref>
On May 7, 2015, [[Yahoo!]] overhauled the site, adding a revamped Camera Roll, a new way to upload photos, and upgraded the site's apps. The new Uploadr application was made available for Macs, Windows and mobile devices.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Molina |first1=Brett |title=Yahoo unveils makeover for Flickr |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/tech/2015/05/07/yahoo-flickr/70945018/ |access-date=2023-08-04 |work=USA Today |date=2015-05-07 |archive-date=December 6, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201206133943/https://www.usatoday.com/story/tech/2015/05/07/yahoo-flickr/70945018/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
In 2018, Yahoo! (owned by Verizon at that point) sold Flickr to [[SmugMug]].<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2018/apr/23/flickr-bought-by-smugmug-yahoo-breakup "Flickr Bought by Smugmug as Yahoo Breakup Begins"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240622050031/https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2018/apr/23/flickr-bought-by-smugmug-yahoo-breakup |date=June 22, 2024 }}, ''[[The Guardian]]'', April 23, 2018.</ref>
In early May 2019, SmugMug announced the migration of Flickr data, involving 100+ million accounts and billions of photos and videos, from the servers of former owner Yahoo! to [[Amazon Web Services]] (AWS), in a planned 12-hour transition to occur on May 22, 2019.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://blog.flickr.net/en/2019/05/08/planned-maintenance-and-flickr-downtime/ |title=Planned maintenance and Flickr downtime |date=2019-05-08 |website=Flickr Blog |language=en |access-date=2019-05-23 |archive-date=December 6, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201206133924/https://blog.flickr.net/en/2019/05/08/planned-maintenance-and-flickr-downtime/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
SmugMug launched the non-profit Flickr Foundation in December 2022 with the goal of preserving free photos on Flickr for 100 years in the public ___domain.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.flickr.org/why-were-doing-this/?utm_campaign=flickr-foundation&utm_source=Flickr&utm_medium=email&utm_content=announcement | title=Why we're doing this | date=December 7, 2022 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://fundraising.co.uk/2022/12/23/flickr-foundation-launches-with-aim-of-preserving-flickr-for-future-generations/ | title=Flickr Foundation launches with aim of preserving Flickr for future generations | date=December 23, 2022 }}</ref>
In May 2023, Flickr announced the development of the Print Shop feature that was being tested with a list of approved sellers. The Print shop feature allows photographers to sell prints via a storefront, and allows purchases from consumers. The feature was to allow only approved members access to it, but the criteria for that were yet to be announced.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Segarra |first=Lisa Marie |date=2023-01-17 |title=Flickr to Allow Photographers to Sell Prints |url=https://petapixel.com/2023/01/17/flickr-to-allow-photographers-to-sell-prints/ |access-date=2023-05-30 |website=PetaPixel |language=en |archive-date=May 30, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230530113628/https://petapixel.com/2023/01/17/flickr-to-allow-photographers-to-sell-prints/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
===Corporate changes===
On June 13, 2008, Flickr co-founder [[Stewart Butterfield]] announced his resignation on July 12, 2008, which followed that of his wife and co-founder [[Caterina Fake]], who left the company on the same day.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://techcrunch.com/2008/06/17/flickr-co-founders-join-mass-exodus-from-yahoo/ |title=Flickr Co-founders Join Mass Exodus From Yahoo |work=[[TechCrunch]] |date=June 17, 2008 |last=Arrington |first=Michael |access-date=May 21, 2013 |archive-date=April 29, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190429044252/https://techcrunch.com/2008/06/17/flickr-co-founders-join-mass-exodus-from-yahoo/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Butterfield wrote a humorous resignation letter to [[Brad Garlinghouse]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Fitzsimmons|first=Caitlin|title='I don't need no fancy parties' says Flickr Founder in Resignation Letter|url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2008/jun/19/digitalmedia.yahoo|access-date=July 24, 2013|newspaper=[[The Guardian]]|date=June 19, 2008|___location=London|archive-date=December 6, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201206152736/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2008/jun/19/digitalmedia.yahoo|url-status=live}}</ref>
On December 14, 2008, ''[[The Guardian]]'' reported that three employees had been laid off as Yahoo! continued to reduce its workforce<ref>{{cite news |last=Johnson |first=Bobbie |url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/blog/2008/dec/11/yahoo-flickr-layoffs |title=Now Flickr Is Hit by Yahoo Layoffs |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=December 11, 2008 |access-date=March 16, 2010 |___location=London |archive-date=December 6, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201206152755/https://www.theguardian.com/technology/blog/2008/dec/11/yahoo-flickr-layoffs |url-status=live }}</ref> and, on November 30, 2010, ''[[CNET]]'' reported Yahoo! was on the verge of a major layoff, affecting 10% to 20% of its workforce. Flickr was specifically named as a target for these layoffs.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.cnet.com/8301-13577_3-20024161-36.html |title=Yahoo Said to Be Rolling Out Layoffs |first=Caroline |last=McCarthy |work=[[CNET]] |date=November 30, 2010 |access-date=July 24, 2013 |archive-date=July 25, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130725222239/http://news.cnet.com/8301-13577_3-20024161-36.html |url-status=dead}}</ref>
On June 13, 2017, [[Verizon Communications]] acquired Yahoo!, including Flickr.<ref>{{cite press release |url=https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/verizon-completes-yahoo-acquisition-creating-a-diverse-house-of-50-brands-under-new-oath-subsidiary-300472958.html |title=Verizon completes Yahoo acquisition, creating a diverse house of 50+ brands under new Oath subsidiary |publisher=[[PR Newswire]] |date=June 13, 2017 |access-date=April 24, 2018 |archive-date=November 18, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181118200345/https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/verizon-completes-yahoo-acquisition-creating-a-diverse-house-of-50-brands-under-new-oath-subsidiary-300472958.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://petapixel.com/2016/07/25/verizon-flickr-via-4-8b-yahoo-acquisition/ |title=Verizon to Own Flickr via $4.8B Yahoo Acquisition |work=PetaPixel |date=July 25, 2016 |access-date=September 19, 2016 |archive-date=September 9, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180909091647/https://petapixel.com/2016/07/25/verizon-flickr-via-4-8b-yahoo-acquisition/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Verizon reorganized Yahoo!, along with AOL, into a new umbrella company, Oath, which was renamed as [[Verizon Media]] on January 8, 2019.
On April 20, 2018, [[SmugMug]] acquired Flickr from Verizon's Oath and put an end to Flickr 1 TB storage plan for free users. Those users had until February 5, 2019, to convert to "Pro" accounts or their photo streams would be reduced to a maximum of 1,000 pictures.<ref name="sm">{{Cite news |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/tech/2018/04/20/smugmug-buys-flickr-verizon-oath/537377002/ |title=Exclusive: Flickr Bought by SmugMug, Which Vows to Revitalize the Photo Service |publisher=[[Gannett Company]] |work=[[USA Today]] |date=April 20, 2018 |last=Guynn |first=Jessica |access-date=April 20, 2018 |archive-date=April 21, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180421031848/https://www.usatoday.com/story/tech/2018/04/20/smugmug-buys-flickr-verizon-oath/537377002/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://blog.flickr.net/en/2018/11/01/changing-flickr-free-accounts-1000-photos/|title=Why we're changing Flickr free accounts|date=2018-11-01|website=Flickr Blog|language=en|access-date=2019-01-19|archive-date=November 12, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112034029/https://blog.flickr.net/en/2018/11/01/changing-flickr-free-accounts-1000-photos/|url-status=live}}</ref> The deadline was later extended to March 12, 2019. The reasons cited were that the existing model was unsustainable by a medium-sized company which could not get revenues by selling profiles of the users. The sentiment was generally agreed on among the professionals.<ref name="tiffany">{{cite news |last1=Tiffany |first1=Kaitlyn |title=Flickr will soon start deleting photos — and massive chunks of internet history |url=https://www.vox.com/the-goods/2019/2/6/18214046/flickr-free-storage-ends-digital-photo-archive-history |work=Vox |date=6 February 2019 |access-date=February 10, 2019 |archive-date=December 6, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201206153110/https://www.vox.com/the-goods/2019/2/6/18214046/flickr-free-storage-ends-digital-photo-archive-history |url-status=live }}</ref> This policy, however, was never implemented and was abandoned in March, 2022 in favor of a policy that restricted content unless the user upgraded and paid for a Pro account.<ref name=FlickrForever>{{cite news|last1=Seville|first1=Alex|title=Flickr forever: Creating the safest, most inclusive photography community on the planet.|date=2022-03-17|work=Flickr Blog|url=https://blog.flickr.net/en/2022/03/17/flickr-forever-2022/|access-date=2022-04-02|archive-date=June 4, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230604171501/https://blog.flickr.net/en/2022/03/17/flickr-forever-2022/|url-status=live}}</ref>
==Features==
===Accounts===
Flickr has always offered two types of accounts: free and paid. Until January 7, 2019, free accounts had up to 1 TB of storage. On January 8, 2019, the account offerings changed.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2018/nov/02/flickr-delete-millions-photos-reduce-allowance-free-users/|title=Flickr to delete millions of photos as it reduces allowance for free users|work=The Guardian|access-date=November 6, 2018|archive-date=November 3, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181103011339/https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2018/nov/02/flickr-delete-millions-photos-reduce-allowance-free-users/|url-status=live}}</ref> The free option is limited to 1,000 photos or videos stored, with videos limited to three minutes. After January 8, 2019, members over the limit could no longer upload new photos to Flickr. On February 5, 2019, a free account's older content would be deleted automatically if it contains more than 1,000 photos and they do not subscribe to the paid service tier,<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theverge.com/2018/11/1/18051950/flickr-1000-photo-limit-free-accounts-changes-pro-subscription-smugmug|title=Flickr will end 1TB of free storage and limit free users to 1,000 photos|work=The Verge|access-date=November 1, 2018|archive-date=November 1, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181101185808/https://www.theverge.com/2018/11/1/18051950/flickr-1000-photo-limit-free-accounts-changes-pro-subscription-smugmug|url-status=live}}</ref> with the exception of content that was already uploaded with a [[Creative Commons]] [[copyright]] license before November 1, 2018.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://blog.flickr.net/2018/11/07/the-commons-the-past-is-100-part-of-our-future/|website=blog.flickr.net/|title=The Commons: The Past Is 100% Part of Our Future|date=November 7, 2018|access-date=November 10, 2018|archive-date=December 1, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181201173927/http://blog.flickr.net/2018/11/07/the-commons-the-past-is-100-part-of-our-future/|url-status=live}}</ref>
The paid option features "unlimited" storage, advanced statistics, advertising-free browsing, videos up to 10 minutes in length, "premier" customer service, and promotional offers with other partners.<ref>{{cite web|last=Gartenberg|first=Chaim|date=November 1, 2018|title=Flickr will end 1TB of free storage and limit free users to 1,000 photos|url=https://www.theverge.com/2018/11/1/18051950/flickr-1000-photo-limit-free-accounts-changes-pro-subscription-smugmug|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181101185808/https://www.theverge.com/2018/11/1/18051950/flickr-1000-photo-limit-free-accounts-changes-pro-subscription-smugmug|archive-date=November 1, 2018|access-date=December 6, 2018|website=[[The Verge]]|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
In May 2011, Flickr added an option to easily reverse an account termination, motivated by the accidental deletion of a Flickr user's account, and public reporting of its protracted restoration.<ref>{{cite web|first=Stephen|last=Shankland|work=CNET| url=http://news.cnet.com/8301-30685_3-20066857-264.html?part=rss&subj=news&tag=2547-1_3-0-20|title=Flickr Adds Account-Undelete Option|date=May 27, 2011|access-date=May 27, 2011|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130922033731/http://news.cnet.com/8301-30685_3-20066857-264.html?part=rss&subj=news&tag=2547-1_3-0-20|archive-date=September 22, 2013}}</ref> Flickr may delete accounts without giving any reason or warning to the account's owner.<ref>{{cite news|last=Jeffries|first=Adrianne|title=On Flickr Deleting User Accounts|url=http://observer.com/2011/02/on-flickr-deleting-user-accounts/|access-date=July 24, 2013|newspaper=[[New York Observer]]|date=February 3, 2011|archive-date=August 11, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170811143735/http://observer.com/2011/02/on-flickr-deleting-user-accounts/|url-status=live}}</ref>
As a result of the [[SmugMug]] buyout, Flickr added the ability for users to download all of their account data, such as photo albums, contacts, and comments.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Fleishman|first=Glenn|date=2019-02-06|title=How to download your Flickr photo library and transfer it to Google Photos or iCloud Photo library|url=https://www.macworld.com/article/3153944/how-to-download-your-flickr-photo-library-and-transfer-it-to-google-photos-or-icloud-photo-library.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190227020452/https://www.macworld.com/article/3153944/how-to-download-your-flickr-photo-library-and-transfer-it-to-google-photos-or-icloud-photo-library.html|archive-date=2019-02-27|access-date=2020-08-29|website=Macworld|language=en}}</ref>
On April 15, 2025, Flickr announced to restrict downloads of original and large-size images (larger than 1024 px) owned by free accounts since May 15, Creative Commons-licensed photos and Flickr Commons members will not be affected.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Service Update: Original & Large Size Download Limitations on Free Accounts|url=https://blog.flickr.net/en/2025/04/15/service-update-original-large-size-download-limitations-on-free-accounts/|publisher=Flickr Blog|date=April 15, 2025|access-date=April 27, 2025}}</ref>
===Organization===
The images a photographer uploads to Flickr go into their sequential "photostream", the basis of a Flickr account. All photostreams can be displayed as a justified view, a [[slide show]], a "detail" view or a date stamped archive. Clicking on a photostream image opens it in the interactive "photopage" alongside data, comments and facilities for embedding images on external sites.
Users may label their uploaded images with titles and descriptions, and images may be [[tag (metadata)|tagged]], either by the uploader or by other users, if the uploader permits it. These text components enable computer searching of Flickr. Flickr was an early website to implement [[tag cloud]]s, which were used until 2013, providing access to images tagged with the most popular keywords. Tagging was further revised in the photopage redesign of March 2014. Flickr has been cited as a prime example of effective use of [[folksonomy]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Vander Wal|first=Thomas|author-link=Thomas Vander Wal|title=Folksonomy Research Needs Cleaning Up|date=January 17, 2006|url=http://www.vanderwal.net/random/entrysel.php?blog=1781|access-date=September 4, 2006|archive-date=September 9, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170909095704/http://www.vanderwal.net/random/entrysel.php?blog=1781|url-status=live}}</ref>
Users can organize their Flickr photos into "albums" (formerly "sets") which are more flexible than the traditional folder-based method of organizing files, as one photo can belong to one album, many albums, or none at all. Flickr provides code to embed albums into blogs, websites and forums. Flickr albums represent a form of categorical [[metadata]] rather than a physical hierarchy. [[Geotagging]] can be applied to photos in albums,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gossinteractive.com/flickrsets|title=Creating Flickr Sets Video|work=Goss Interactive|date=February 26, 2010|access-date=February 26, 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100503085216/http://www.gossinteractive.com/flickrsets|archive-date=May 3, 2010}}</ref> and any albums with geotagging can be related to a map using imapflickr. The resulting map can be embedded in a website.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gossinteractive.com/flickrmap|title=Mapping Flickr Sets Video|work=Goss Interactive|date=February 26, 2010|access-date=February 26, 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100503085211/http://www.gossinteractive.com/flickrmap|archive-date=May 3, 2010}}</ref> Flickr albums may be organized into "collections", which can themselves be further organized into higher-order collections.
Organizr is a [[Web application]] for organizing photos within a Flickr account that can be accessed through the Flickr interface. It allows users to modify tags, descriptions and set groupings, and to place photos on a world map (a feature provided in conjunction with [[Yahoo! Maps]]). It uses [[Ajax (programming)|Ajax]] to emulate the look, feel and quick functionality of desktop-based photo-management applications, such as Google's [[Picasa]] and [[F-Spot]]. Users can select and apply changes to multiple photos at a time, as an alternative to the standard Flickr interface for editing.
===Access control===
Flickr provides both private and public image storage. A user uploading an image can set privacy controls that determine who can view the image. A photo can be flagged as either public or private.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.flickr.com/help/privacy/|title=Public/Private|work=Flickr|access-date=October 1, 2011|archive-date=December 2, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201202091113/https://www.flickr.com/help/privacy|url-status=live}}</ref> Private images are visible by default only to the uploader, but they can also be marked as viewable by friends
===Interaction and compatibility===
The core functionality of the site relies on standard [[HTML]] and [[Hypertext Transfer Protocol|HTTP]] features, allowing for wide compatibility among [[Operating system|platforms]] and [[Web browser|browsers]]; Flickr's functionality includes [[RSS]] and [[Atom (Web standard)|Atom]] feeds and an [[application programming interface|API]] that enables independent programmers to expand its services. This includes a large number of third-party [[Greasemonkey]] scripts that enhance and extend the functionality of Flickr. In 2006, Flickr was the second most extended site on userscripts.org.<ref>{{cite web|last=Partington |first=Brian |url=http://www.utata.org/ink/2006/18583.php| title=Ink Interview: Steeev |work=Utata Daily Ink |date=August 19, 2006 |access-date=July 27, 2013| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060831202653/http://www.utata.org/ink/2006/18583.php| archive-date=August 31, 2006}}</ref> Organizr and most of Flickr's other text-editing and tagging interfaces use [[Ajax (programming)|Ajax]], with which most modern browsers are compliant. Images can be posted to the user's photostream via email attachments, which enables direct uploads from many smartphones and applications. Flickr uses the [[Geo (microformat)|Geo microformat]] on over three million [[geotagging|geotagged]] images.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://techcrunch.com/2006/08/29/flickr-supports-geo-microformat/ |title=Flickr supports "Geo" Microformat |work=[[TechCrunch]] |date=August 29, 2006 |access-date=July 26, 2013 |archive-date=April 27, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170427100832/https://techcrunch.com/2006/08/29/flickr-supports-geo-microformat/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
According to the company, {{as of|2009|8|lc=on}} Flickr is hosted on 62 databases across 124 servers, with about 800,000 user accounts per pair of servers.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.flickr.com/help/forum/en-us/100485/page6/#reply672723|title=Bad case of Hiccups!|author=Kevin Collins|work=Flickr.com|date=August 16, 2009|access-date=August 18, 2009|quote=For some of the details, we have 62 DBs across 124 servers- accounts are spread across 2 servers each. There are around 800k accounts per pair, give or take some thousand. On one of the pairs, there is a greater number of "active" members who populate it; stats recalculations have been taking some time longer to execute, and the database has not been happy.|archive-date=August 2, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200802043236/https://www.flickr.com/help/forum/en-us/100485/page6/#reply672723|url-status=live}}</ref> Based on information compiled by highscalability.com, {{as of|2007|11|lc=on}} the [[MySQL]] databases are hosted on servers that are [[Linux]]-based (from [[Red Hat]]), with a software platform that includes [[Apache HTTP Server|Apache]], [[PHP]] (with PEAR and [[Smarty (template engine)|Smarty]]), [[shard (database architecture)|shards]], [[Memcached]], [[Squid (software)|Squid]], [[Perl]], [[ImageMagick]] and [[Java (software platform)|Java]]; the system administration tools include [[Ganglia (software)|Ganglia]], [[SystemImager]], Subcon, and [[CVSup]].<ref>{{cite web|first=Todd|last=Hoff|date=November 14, 2007|url=http://highscalability.com/flickr-architecture|title=Flickr Architecture|access-date=July 24, 2013|archive-date=March 15, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170315123158/http://highscalability.com/flickr-architecture|url-status=live}}</ref>
Signed-in Flickr users can "Follow" the Photostreams of other Flickr photographers. Reciprocating this process is optional. A user's homepage contains a stream of their Contacts' photos at 2/3 screen size.<ref name="flickrfaq">{{cite web | url=https://www.flickr.com/help/faq | title=Help | publisher=Flickr | access-date=April 8, 2014 | archive-date=December 2, 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201202050152/https://help.flickr.com/ | url-status=live }}</ref>
Groups are another major means of interaction with fellow members of Flickr around common photography interests. A Flickr Group can be started by any Flickr user, who becomes its administrator and can appoint moderators. Groups may either be open access or invitation-only, and most have an associated pool of photos. The administrator of the Flickr group can monitor and set restrictions for the group, assign awards to members, and may curate and organize the photo content. Recent uploads to a group will sometimes appear on its members' homepages. Group photo pools may be displayed in the "Justified View" or as a slideshow.
"Galleries" of photos from other photostreams may be curated by any signed-up Flickr user, provided the feature is not disabled by the photo's uploader, these are then publicly viewable.<ref name="flickrfaq" />
Any Flickr user can post comments to a Flickr photo on its photopage, unless this has been disabled by the uploader, and users can "favorite" a photo. A user's favorites can be viewed in a justified or slideshow display.<ref name="flickrfaq" />
Users of [[Windows Photo Gallery]], Apple's [[iPhoto]] (version 8), Adobe's Lightroom 3.2, Apple's [[Aperture (software)|Aperture]] (version 3.0), [[darktable]], and [[digiKam]] have the ability to upload their photos directly to Flickr. They can also automatically update their status on other [[social network|social networking services]] when they upload their images to Flickr.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://blog.flickr.net/en/2010/06/10/flickr-facebook/|title=Flickr + Facebook!|work=Flickr|date=June 10, 2010|access-date=December 8, 2012|archive-date=December 26, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121226043950/http://blog.flickr.net/en/2010/06/10/flickr-facebook|url-status=live}}</ref> Flickr provides a desktop client for [[MacOS|Mac OS X]] and Windows that allows users to upload photos without using the web interface. Uploadr allows drag-and-drop batch uploading of photos, the setting of tags and descriptions for each batch, and the editing of privacy settings.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.flickr.com/tools/|title=Flickr Uploader|work=Flickr|access-date=October 1, 2011|archive-date=November 4, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131104135947/http://www.flickr.com/android/|url-status=live}}</ref>
Flickr has entered into partnerships with many third parties:
* Flickr had a partnership with the [[Picnik]] online photo-editing application that included a reduced-feature version of Picnik built into Flickr as a default photo editor.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://blog.flickr.net/en/2007/12/05/edit-your-photos-on-flickr/|title=Edit Your Photos! On Flickr!|work=Flickr|date=December 5, 2007|access-date=October 1, 2011|archive-date=October 11, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111011142148/http://blog.flickr.net/en/2007/12/05/edit-your-photos-on-flickr|url-status=live}}</ref> On April 5, 2012, Flickr replaced Picnik with [[Aviary (image editor)|Aviary]] as its default photo editor.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dpreview.com/news/2012/04/04/Flickr-chooses-Aviary-to-replace-Picnik|title=Flickr Introduces Users to Aviary as Picnik Ends|work=[[Digital Photography Review]]|date=April 4, 2012|access-date=April 18, 2012|archive-date=September 6, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130906013121/http://www.dpreview.com/news/2012/04/04/Flickr-chooses-Aviary-to-replace-Picnik|url-status=live}}</ref>
* In addition to commercial mapping data, Flickr now uses [[OpenStreetMap]] mapping for various cities; this began with Beijing during the run-up to the 2008 Olympic games. {{As of|2008|10}}, this is used for Baghdad, Beijing, Kabul, Sydney and Tokyo.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://blog.flickr.net/en/2008/08/12/around-the-world-and-back-again/|title=Around the World and Back Again|work=Flickr|date=August 12, 2008|access-date=November 7, 2008|archive-date=September 20, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200920205913/https://blog.flickr.net/en/2008/08/12/around-the-world-and-back-again/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://blog.flickr.net/en/2008/10/30/more-cities/|title=More Cities|work=Flickr|date=October 30, 2008|access-date=November 7, 2008|archive-date=August 6, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200806122523/https://blog.flickr.net/en/2008/10/30/more-cities/|url-status=live}}</ref> OpenStreetMap data is collected by volunteers and is available under the [[Open Database License]].
* Flickr offers printing of various forms of merchandise, including business cards, photo books, stationery, personalized credit cards and large-size prints from companies such as [[Moo (company)|Moo]], [[Blurb, Inc.|Blurb]], [[Tiny Prints]], [[Capital One]], [[Imagekind]], and [[QOOP]].
* The Flickr partnership with [[Getty Images]] to sell stock photos from users is under review as of early 2014.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://mashable.com/2009/03/11/getty-images-flickr-collection/|title=Flickr Photos Become Stock Photography at Getty Images|last=van Grove|first=Jennifer|date=March 11, 2009|work=[[Mashable]]|access-date=May 18, 2009|archive-date=September 25, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200925163028/https://mashable.com/2009/03/11/getty-images-flickr-collection/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dpreview.com/news/2014/03/10/getty-and-flickr-to-cease-partnership |title=Getty and Flickr to cease partnership |publisher=DPReview |date=March 10, 2014 |first=Barney |last=Britton |access-date=March 30, 2014 |archive-date=July 29, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200729132343/https://www.dpreview.com/articles/3703124774/getty-and-flickr-to-cease-partnership |url-status=live }}</ref>
===Filtering===
In March 2007, Flickr added new content filtering controls that let members specify by default what types of images they generally upload (photo, art/illustration, or [[screenshot]]), how "safe" (i.e., unlikely to offend) their images are, and specify that information for specific images individually.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://flickr.com/help/filters/ |title=/ Help / FAQ / Content filters |publisher=Flickr.com |date=March 20, 2007 |access-date=April 4, 2014 |archive-date=December 1, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201091412/https://help.flickr.com/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Individual images are assigned to one of three categories: "safe", "moderate" and "restricted".<ref name="Wired" /> Users can specify the same criteria when searching for images. The system separates family-friendly photos and adult content; generic image searches normally produce no pornographic results, with the visibility of adult content restricted to users and dedicated Flickr communities who have opted into viewing it.<ref name="Wired">{{cite news|first=Terrence|last=Russell|title=How Porn and Family-Friendly Photos Coexist on Flickr|date=November 7, 2007|work=[[Wired (magazine)#Website|Wired]]|url=https://www.wired.com/techbiz/media/news/2007/07/flickr|access-date=July 24, 2013|archive-date=August 20, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200820203548/https://www.wired.com/2007/07/how-porn-and-family-friendly-photos-coexist-on-flickr/|url-status=live}}</ref>
Flickr has used this filtering system to change the level of accessibility to "unsafe" content for entire nations, including [[South Korea]], Hong Kong and Germany. In summer 2007, German users staged a "revolt" over being assigned the user rights of a [[minor (law)|minor]]. {{Crossreference|selfref=no|See {{Section link||Censorship}} below.}}
===Licensing===
[[File:Flickr Licenses edit.svg|thumb|250px|Breakdown of [[Creative Commons]] license use on Flickr as of 2009<ref>[https://creativecommons.org/weblog/entry/13588 Analysis of 100M CC-Licensed Images on Flickr] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200801074900/https://creativecommons.org/2009/03/25/analysis-of-100m-cc-licensed-images-on-flickr/ |date=August 1, 2020 }} Michelle Thorne, creativecommons.org, March 25, 2009</ref>]]
Flickr offers users the ability to either release their images under certain common usage [[license]]s or label them as "[[all rights reserved]]". The licensing options primarily include the [[Creative Commons]] 2.0 attribution-based and minor content-control licenses – although jurisdiction and version-specific licenses cannot be selected. As with "[[tag (metadata)|tags]]", the site allows easy searching of only those images that fall under a specific license.<ref>{{cite web|title=Flickr: Help: Photos: How can I copyright my photos?|work=Flickr|url=https://www.flickr.com/help/photos/#87|access-date=November 12, 2007|archive-date=March 22, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160322054129/https://www.flickr.com/help/photos/#87|url-status=live}}</ref>
On January 16, 2008, Flickr launched a program called "The Commons on Flickr."<ref>{{Cite web |date=2008-01-16 |title=Many hands make light work |url=https://blog.flickr.net/en/2008/01/16/many-hands-make-light-work/ |access-date=2022-08-16 |website=Flickr Blog |language=en |archive-date=July 7, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220707071250/https://blog.flickr.net/en/2008/01/16/many-hands-make-light-work |url-status=live }}</ref> Several international cultural institutions share images using a "no known copyright restrictions" through the program. According to Flickr, the goal of the program is to "firstly show you hidden treasures in the world's public photography archives, and secondly to show how your input and knowledge can help make these collections even richer." Participants include the [[National Museum of Denmark]], [[Powerhouse Museum]], [[George Eastman Museum]], [[Library of Congress]], [[Nationaal Archief]], [[National Archives and Records Administration]], [[National Library of Scotland]], [[State Library of New South Wales]], and [[Smithsonian Institution]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.flickr.com/commons/institutions/|title=The Commons: Participating Institutions|access-date=November 28, 2013|work=Flickr|archive-date=April 21, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140421184942/https://www.flickr.com/commons/institutions/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|first=Noam|last=Cohen|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/01/19/technology/internet/19link.html?_r=1&partner=permalink&exprod=permalink|title=Historical Photos in Web Archives Gain Vivid New Lives|quote=In a similar move to harness the public's knowledge about old photographs, the Library of Congress a year ago began adding photographs with no known restrictions to a Flickr service called the Commons. The Library of Congress started with 3,500 photos and adds 50 a week.|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=January 18, 2009|access-date=February 2, 2009|archive-date=June 15, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200615004515/https://www.nytimes.com/2009/01/19/technology/internet/19link.html?_r=1|url-status=live}}</ref>
In May 2009, [[White House]] official photographer [[Pete Souza]] began using Flickr as a conduit for releasing White House photos. The photos were initially posted with a [[Creative Commons license|Creative Commons Attribution]] license requiring that the original photographers be credited. Flickr later created a new license which identified them as "[[Copyright status of works by the federal government of the United States|United States Government Work]]", which does not carry any copyright restrictions.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Singel |first=Ryan |url=https://www.wired.com/epicenter/2009/05/flickr-creates-new-license-for-white-house-photos/ |title=Flickr Creates New License for White House Photos |journal=[[Wired (magazine)#Website|Wired]] |date=May 11, 2009 |access-date=May 21, 2013 |archive-date=May 9, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120509112353/http://www.wired.com/epicenter/2009/05/flickr-creates-new-license-for-white-house-photos |url-status=live }}</ref>
In March 2015, Flickr added the [[Public Domain Mark|Creative Commons Public Domain Mark]] and [[Creative Commons license#Zero / public ___domain|Creative Commons Zero]] (CC0) to its licensing options.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://blog.flickr.net/en/2015/03/30/flickr-now-offers-public-___domain-and-cc0-designations/|title=Flickr now offers Public Domain and CC0 designations|date=March 30, 2015|access-date=December 3, 2020|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201221807/https://blog.flickr.net/en/2015/03/30/flickr-now-offers-public-___domain-and-cc0-designations/|url-status=live}}</ref> The Public Domain Mark is meant for images that are no longer protected by copyright. CC0 is used for works that are still protected by copyright or neighbouring rights, but where the rightsholders choose to waive all those rights.
==Reception==
Flickr became an immediate success and was seen as a successful example of "[[Web 2.0]]", and a year later was purchased by [[Yahoo!]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.theguardian.com/media/2008/mar/09/web20.internet|title=John Naughton: How Flickr developed into a classic Web 2.0 success|date=March 9, 2008|website=the Guardian|access-date=December 3, 2020|archive-date=October 25, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201025222823/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2008/mar/09/web20.internet|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite magazine|url=https://time.com/6855/flickr-turns-10-the-rise-fall-and-revival-of-a-photo-sharing-community/|title=Flickr Turns 10: The Rise, Fall and Revival of a Photo-Sharing Community|magazine=Time|access-date=December 3, 2020|archive-date=November 27, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201127014136/https://time.com/6855/flickr-turns-10-the-rise-fall-and-revival-of-a-photo-sharing-community/|url-status=live}}</ref> Initially, the site was most popular with professional photographers and graphic designers as well as [[blog|bloggers]] who used it as an image repository. In 2007, Flickr was the 19th most popular website on the [[Internet]] according to its [[Alexa Internet#Alexa Traffic Rank|Alexa Rank]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://royal.pingdom.com/downtime-in-2007-for-the-20-most-popular-websites/|title=Downtime in 2007 for the 20 most popular websites|date=April 2, 2007|website=Pingdom Royal|access-date=December 3, 2020|archive-date=June 22, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200622044005/https://royal.pingdom.com/downtime-in-2007-for-the-20-most-popular-websites/|url-status=live}}</ref> However, since then, its popularity has declined relative to social media platforms with photo sharing capabilities (such as [[Facebook]] and [[Instagram]]), as well as cloud file storage services (such as [[Dropbox (service)|Dropbox]]).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://gizmodo.com/how-yahoo-killed-flickr-and-lost-the-internet-5910223|title=How Yahoo Killed Flickr and Lost the Internet|website=Gizmodo|date=May 15, 2012|access-date=December 3, 2020|archive-date=November 17, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201117031630/https://gizmodo.com/how-yahoo-killed-flickr-and-lost-the-internet-5910223|url-status=live}}</ref> By 2021, Flickr's Alexa Rank had declined significantly, yet indicated that the website was still among the top 500 most popular websites globally.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/flickr.com|title=flickr.com Competitive Analysis, Marketing Mix and Traffic - Alexa|access-date=June 21, 2021|website=Alexa|archive-date=April 14, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200414125431/https://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/flickr.com|url-status=dead}}</ref>
==
===Censorship===
On June 12, 2007, in the wake of the rollout of localized language versions of the site, Flickr implemented a user-side rating system for filtering out potentially controversial photos. Simultaneously, users with accounts registered with Yahoo! subsidiaries in Germany, Singapore, Hong Kong, and Korea were prevented from viewing photos rated "moderate" or "restricted" on the three-part scale used. Many Flickr users, particularly in Germany, protested against the new restrictions, claiming unwanted censorship from Flickr and Yahoo.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.heise.de/english/newsticker/news/91160| work=[[C't]]| title=Flickr Filter Raises Eyebrows| last=Morris| first=Craig| date=June 14, 2007| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070630132833/http://www.heise.de/english/newsticker/news/91160| archive-date=June 30, 2007| access-date=July 24, 2013}}</ref>
Flickr management, unwilling to go into legal details, implied that the reason for the stringent filtering was the existence of some particularly strict age-verification laws in Germany. The issue received attention in the German national media, especially in online publications. Initial reports indicated that Flickr's action was a sensible, if unattractive, precaution against prosecution,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.spiegel.de/netzwelt/web/0,1518,488542,00.html|title=Zwangsfilter: Flickr verbietet Deutschen Nacktfotos|work=[[Spiegel Online]]|last=Lischka|first=Konrad|date=June 14, 2007|access-date=May 21, 2013|archive-date=May 4, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120504155407/http://www.spiegel.de/netzwelt/web/0,1518,488542,00.html|url-status=live}}</ref> although later coverage implied that Flickr's action may have been unnecessarily strict.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.spiegel.de/netzwelt/web/0,1518,489837,00.html|title=Foto-Portal: Jugendschützer: Flickr-Filter nach deutschem Recht nicht nötig|last=Lischka|first=Konrad|date=June 21, 2007|work=[[Spiegel Online]]|access-date=July 24, 2013|archive-date=May 4, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120504161512/http://www.spiegel.de/netzwelt/web/0,1518,489837,00.html|url-status=live}}</ref> On June 20, 2007, Flickr reacted by granting German users access to "moderate" (but not "restricted") images, and hinted at a future solution for Germany, involving advanced age-verification procedures.
Since June 1, 2009, Flickr has been blocked in China in advance of the 20th anniversary of the [[Tiananmen Square protests of 1989]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Branigan|first=Tania|title=China Blocks Twitter, Flickr and Hotmail Ahead of Tiananmen Anniversary|url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2009/jun/02/twitter-china|access-date=July 24, 2013|newspaper=[[The Guardian]]|date=June 2, 2009|archive-date=September 6, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130906185021/http://www.theguardian.com/technology/2009/jun/02/twitter-china|url-status=live}}</ref>
===Copyright enforcement===
[[Michael Arrington]] of [[TechCrunch]]<ref>{{cite web|last=Arrington|first=Michael|title=Flickr v. Free Speech. Where Is Their Courage?|url=https://techcrunch.com/2009/08/21/flickr-v-free-speech-where-is-the-courage/|work=[[TechCrunch]]|access-date=July 24, 2013|date=August 21, 2009|author-link=Michael Arrington|archive-date=November 9, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109025908/https://consent.yahoo.com/v2/collectConsent?sessionId=3_cc-session_199f9726-3740-4cb7-92b8-2b2f281731b3|url-status=live}}</ref> and the [[Electronic Frontier Foundation]]<ref>{{cite web|last=von Lohmann|first=Fred|title=Improving DMCA Takedowns at Blogger, Flickr|url=https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2009/09/improving-dmca-takedowns-blogger-flickr|work=[[Electronic Frontier Foundation]]|access-date=July 24, 2013|date=September 7, 2009|archive-date=November 9, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109040915/https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2009/09/improving-dmca-takedowns-blogger-flickr|url-status=live}}</ref> have criticised Flickr for its heavy-handed implementation of the [[Digital Millennium Copyright Act]] (DMCA) and [[Online Copyright Infringement Liability Limitation Act]] (OCILLA). Under OCILLA, a service provider such as Flickr is obliged to delete or disable access to content as soon as they receive an official notice of infringement, to maintain protection from liability.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.copyright.gov/title17/92chap5.html#512|title=U.S. Copyright Office – Copyright Law: Chapter 5|publisher=Copyright.gov|access-date=March 18, 2013|archive-date=March 27, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210327133232/https://www.copyright.gov/title17/92chap5.html#512|url-status=live}}</ref> After having one of his own pictures taken down following an incorrect DMCA claim, British comedian [[Dave Gorman]] researched the issue and concluded that if the Flickr user was not based in the United States or they were, but the person filing the notice of infringement was not, Flickr deleted the disputed content immediately. Even if the user could successfully demonstrate that the content did not infringe upon any copyright, Flickr did not, according to Gorman, replace the deleted content. He argued that this was contrary to its obligations in responding to a [[Online Copyright Infringement Liability Limitation Act#Take down and Put Back provisions|counter-notice]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Schofield|first=Jack|title=How Dave Gorman Fought Flickr over a Deleted Photo|url=https://www.zdnet.com/article/how-dave-gorman-fought-flickr-over-a-deleted-photo/|work=[[ZDNet]]|access-date=July 24, 2013|date=March 16, 2012|archive-date=February 2, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140202100213/http://www.zdnet.com/how-dave-gorman-fought-flickr-over-a-deleted-photo-4010025643/|url-status=live}}</ref> Shortly afterward, Flickr changed its policy.<ref>{{cite web|last=Schofield|first=Schofield|title=Dave Gorman Wins: Flickr Changes Deletion Policy|url=https://www.zdnet.com/article/dave-gorman-wins-flickr-changes-deletion-policy/|work=[[ZDNet]]|access-date=July 24, 2013|date=June 13, 2012|archive-date=July 30, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200730233309/https://www.zdnet.com/article/dave-gorman-wins-flickr-changes-deletion-policy/|url-status=live}}</ref>
In 2019, Flickr added new theft detection tool options to certain users. Some subscribers will be provided "copy-protection tools that can detect if their images have been used without permission," the BBC reported in 2019, noting "Flickr Pro subscribers will be able to monitor up to 1,000 images and send automated copyright claims to people or companies that use their photos."<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-47852150|title=Flickr adds photo theft detection tools|last=Fox|first=Chris|date=2019-04-09|access-date=2019-04-30|language=en-GB|archive-date=November 12, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112165802/https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-47852150|url-status=live}}</ref>
===Sale of Creative Commons-licensed photos===
In November 2014, Flickr announced that it would sell wall-sized prints of photos from the service that are licensed under Creative Commons licenses allowing commercial use. Although its use of the photos in this manner is legal and allowed under the licenses, Flickr was criticized by users for what they perceived to be unfair exploitation of artists' works, as all the profits from these offerings go to Yahoo! and are not shared with their respective photographers, and users were not given a means of opting-out from the program without placing their photos under a more restrictive non-commercial license. By contrast, a similar opt-in program for "licensed" photos does give photographers a 51% share of sales. On December 19, 2014, Flickr General Manager Bernardo Hernandez announced they would pull all Creative Commons-licensed images from the program and issue refunds, stating that "Subsequently, we'll work closely with Creative Commons to come back with programs that align better with our community values."<ref name="guardian-flickrccsale">{{cite news|title=Flickr scraps plan to sell users' photos as wall art after licensing row|url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2014/dec/19/flickr-creative-commons-wall-art-licensing-row|access-date=December 22, 2014|work=The Guardian|date=December 19, 2014|archive-date=November 12, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112001847/http://www.theguardian.com/technology/2014/dec/19/flickr-creative-commons-wall-art-licensing-row|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="guardian-flak">{{cite news|title=Flickr takes flak for selling Creative Commons photos as wall-art prints|url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2014/dec/02/flickr-creative-commons-photos-wall-art|access-date=December 22, 2014|work=The Guardian|date=December 2, 2014|archive-date=November 12, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112024725/https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2014/dec/02/flickr-creative-commons-photos-wall-art|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url = https://blog.flickr.net/en/2014/12/18/an-update-on-flickr-wall-art|title = An Update on Flickr Wall Art|date = December 18, 2014|access-date = April 8, 2015|website = blog.flickr.net/|archive-date = December 2, 2020|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20201202002955/https://blog.flickr.net/en/2014/12/18/an-update-on-flickr-wall-art/|url-status = live}}</ref>
===Deletion of files of non-paying users===
On November 1, 2018, Flickr announced new restrictions for its users.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20181101005328/en/Flickr-Announces-New-Photographer-Centric-Improvements-Flickr-Pro|title=Flickr Announces New Photographer-Centric Improvements to Flickr Pro, Free Plans|work=BusinessWire|date=November 1, 2018|access-date=February 23, 2019|archive-date=November 27, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201127190923/https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20181101005328/en/Flickr-Announces-New-Photographer-Centric-Improvements-Flickr-Pro|url-status=live}}</ref>
*On January 8, 2019, non-paying users would only able to upload up to 1000 files free of charge.
*Deletion of the oldest files, determined by the upload date, was scheduled to begin on March 12, 2019, until the limit of 1000 files was met. The size of the individual files would not be relevant. Alternatively, users could upgrade to Pro subscription for US$60 per year.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Stadlen|first1=Andrew|title=[Official Thread] Timeline extension for free Flickr accounts over 1,000 photos + videos|date=2019-02-06|work=Flickr|url=https://www.flickr.com/help/forum/en-us/72157676293604137/|access-date=2022-04-02|archive-date=April 3, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220403062437/https://www.flickr.com/help/forum/en-us/72157676293604137/|url-status=live}}</ref>
On March 17, 2022, Flickr revealed that it had not in fact deleted any photos for exceeding storage limits. However, it announced that it would soon implement a policy limiting the sharing of "moderate" or "restricted" content to Pro users, and limiting free users to 50 "non-public" images. Images beyond these limits would be at risk for deletion.<ref name=FlickrForever/>
==See also==
*[[Image hosting service]]
*[[
*[[List of online image archives]]
*[[List of image-sharing websites]]
*[[List of social networking websites]]
*[[User-generated content]]
*[[
*[[Wikimedia Commons]]
== References ==
{{Reflist}}
==External links==
{{Commons category}}
*{{Official website|https://www.flickr.com/}} {{in lang|en|fr|de|es|it|pt|vi|id|ko|zh}}
{{PayPal Mafia}}
{{Yahoo, Inc.}}
{{Video digital distribution platforms}}
[[Category:Internet properties established in 2004]]
[[Category:2004 establishments in British Columbia]]
[[Category:2005 mergers and acquisitions]]
[[Category:2018 mergers and acquisitions]]
[[Category:Multilingual websites]]
[[Category:Image-sharing websites]]
[[Category:American photography websites]]
[[Category:Social information processing]]
[[Category:Social networking services]]
[[Category:Video hosting]]
[[Category:Canadian websites]]
[[Category:IOS software]]
[[Category:Android (operating system) software]]
[[Category:Yahoo! acquisitions]]
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