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{{short description|British chemist and archaeologist}}

'''Sir Robert Ludwig Mond''' ([[9 September]] [[1867]] - [[22 October]] [[1938]]) was a [[Briton|British]] [[chemist]] and [[Archaeology|archeaeologist]].

{{about||the Luxembourgian footballer|Robert Mond (footballer)}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2021}}

{{Use British English|date=July 2012}}

{{Infobox scientist

|name = Sir Robert Mond

|image = Robert Ludwig Mond.jpg

|image_size = 200px

|caption =

|birth_date = 9 September 1867

|birth_place = [[Farnworth, Widnes]], [[Lancashire]], England

|death_date = {{d-da|22 October 1938|9 September 1867}}

|death_place = Paris, France

|citizenship =

|nationality = British

|ethnicity =

|field = [[Chemist]], [[Archaeology|archaeologist]]

|work_institutions = [[Brunner Mond|Brunner Mond & Company]]

|alma_mater = [[Peterhouse, Cambridge]], [[ETH Zurich|Zurich Polytechnic]],<br> [[University of Edinburgh]], [[University of Glasgow]]

|doctoral_advisor = [[William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin|William Thomson]]

|doctoral_students =

|known_for = Discovery of [[carbonyl]] compounds<br>Egyptian archaeology

|author_abbrev_bot =

|author_abbrev_zoo =

|influences =

|prizes = Messel medal of the [[Society of Chemical Industry]]<br>[[Legion of Honour|Chevalier of the Légion d’honneur]]

|spouse = {{plainlist|

* {{marriage|Helen Levis|1898|1905|reason=died}}

* {{marriage|Marie-Louise Guggenheim, ''née'' Le Manac’h|1922}}

}}

|children = 2

|footnotes =

}}

'''Sir Robert Ludwig Mond''', [[Royal Society|FRS]],<ref name="frs">{{Cite journal | last1 = Thorpe | first1 = J. F. | title = Sir Robert Mond. 1867-1938 | doi = 10.1098/rsbm.1939.0023 | journal = [[Obituary Notices of Fellows of the Royal Society]] | volume = 2 | issue = 7 | pages = 627–632 | year = 1939 }}</ref> [[FRSE]] (9 September 1867 – 22 October 1938) was a British chemist and archaeologist.

==Early life and education==

Robert Mond was born at [[Farnworth, Widnes]], [[Lancashire]], the elder son of [[Ludwig Mond]]., a chemist and industrialist. He was educated at [[Cheltenham College]], [[Peterhouse, Cambridge]] (BA 1888, MA 1892), [[ETH Zurich|Zurich Polytechnic]], the [[Edinburgh University of Edinburgh]] and the [[Glasgow University of Glasgow]].<ref>{{acad|id=MNT885RL|name=Mond, Robert}}</ref> At Glasgow he studied under [[William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin|William Thomson]].<ref name="dnb">Greenaway, Frank, [http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/51124 'Mond family ({{abbr|''per''.|in the period}} 1867-19731867–1973)'], ''[[Oxford Dictionary of National Biography]]'', [[Oxford University Press]], 2004; [http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/51124], accessedretrieved 9 March 2007.</ref>

Robert Mond was born at [[Farnworth, Widnes]], [[Lancashire]], the elder son of [[Ludwig Mond]]. He was educated at [[Cheltenham College]], [[Peterhouse, Cambridge]], [[ETH Zurich|Zurich Polytechnic]], [[Edinburgh University]] and [[Glasgow University]]. At Glasgow he studied under [[William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin|William Thomson]].<ref name="dnb">Greenaway, Frank, 'Mond family (''per''. 1867-1973)', ''Oxford Dictionary of National Biography'', Oxford University Press, 2004; [http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/51124] accessed 9 March 2007.</ref>

==Chemistry==

HeMond collaborated with his father in the discovery of the gaseous compound [[nickel carbonyl]]. He perfected the industrial production of [[iron carbonyl]], and discovered the first derivative of a metallic carbonyl ([[cobalt nitroso-carbonyl]]) and a new [[ruthenium carbonyl]].<ref>{{Factcite journal |dateauthor1=AprilMond, L. |author2=Langer, C. | title = On iron carbonyls | journal = J. Chem. Soc., Trans. | year = 1891 | volume = 59 | pages = 1090–1093 | doi = 10.1039/CT8915901090|url=https://zenodo.org/record/1702462 |author1-link=Ludwig Mond 2007}} </ref> For a time he made trials of scientific farming. Following his father's heritage he became a director of [[Brunner Mond|Brunner Mond & Company]] and because of a connection with [[nickel]] mines in [[Canada]] he was a [[trustee]] of the [[Royal Ontario Museum]] in [[Toronto]].<ref name="dnb"/>

He collaborated with his father in the discovery of the gaseous compound [[nickel carbonyl]]. He perfected the industrial production of [[iron carbonyl]], and discovered the first derivative of a metallic carbonyl ([[cobalt nitroso-carbonyl]]) and a new [[ruthenium carbonyl]].{{Fact|date=April 2007}} For a time he made trials of scientific farming. Following his father's heritage he became a director of [[Brunner Mond|Brunner Mond & Company]] and because of a connection with [[nickel]] mines in [[Canada]] he was a [[trustee]] of the [[Royal Ontario Museum]] in [[Toronto]].<ref name="dnb"/>

==Archaeology==

HeMond then took an interest in the archaeology of [[Ancient Egypt|Egyptian]] [[archaeology]] and worked with some of the major archaeologists of the time, including [[Percy Newberry]], [[Howard Carter (archaeologist)|Howard Carter]], [[Arthur Weigall]] and [[Alan Gardiner]]. withWith whomthe last named he worked on the [[Thebes, Egypt|Theban]] [[necropolisNecropolis]]. After [[World War I]] he was involved with the preservation of the tomb of [[Ramesses I]].<ref name="dnb" /> He built up a considerable collection of artefacts which he bequeathed to the [[British Museum]]. He also performed archaeological work in [[Palestine (region)|Palestine]], France and the Channel Islands and assisted in the foundation of a British School of Archaeology in [[Jerusalem]]. Robert Mond also took an interest in [[Toy soldier|model soldiers]] building up a collection of 900 figures representing all the [[regiment]]sregiments in [[Napoleon I of France|Napoleon's]] army.<ref name="dnb"/>

He then took an interest in [[Ancient Egypt|Egyptian]] [[archaeology]] and worked with some of the major archaeologists of the time, including Percy Newberry, [[Howard Carter (archaeologist)|Howard Carter]], [[Arthur Weigall]] and [[Alan Gardiner]] with whom he worked on the [[Thebes, Egypt|Theban]] [[necropolis]]. After [[World War I]] he was involved with the preservation of the tomb of [[Ramesses]]. He built up a considerable collection of artefacts which he bequeathed to the [[British Museum]]. He also performed archaeological work in [[Palestine]] and assisted in the foundation of a British School of Archaeology in [[Jerusalem]]. Robert Mond also took an interest in [[Toy soldier|model soldiers]] building up a collection of 900 figures representing all the [[regiment]]s in [[Napoleon I of France|Napoleon's]] army.<ref name="dnb"/>

==Honours and benefactions==

Mond helped to convert a house in [[Paris]] into the [[Maison de la Chimie]] which supported the work of chemistry in France and he was a benefactor of the [[University of London Institute in Paris|British Institute in Paris]]. He also made large benefactionsdonations to the universities of [[University of Liverpool|Liverpool]], [[University of Manchester|Manchester]] and [[University of Toronto|Toronto]].

HeMond was [[knight]]edknighted in 1932. He received numerous honours including the [[honorary degree]]s of [[Doctor of Laws|LL.D]] from the universities of Liverpool and Toronto, and [[Doctor of Science|D.Sc]] from the [[University of London]]. He was made [[President#Non-governmental presidents|president]] of the [[Faraday Society]] (1930–1932)<ref>[http://www.rsc.org/AboutUs/History/rscpresidents/FS1903to1938.asp The Faraday Society 1903 to 1938]. Royal Society of Chemistry</ref><ref>{{cite journal|title=Obituary|author=Anonymous|journal=Trans. Faraday Soc.|year=1938|volume=34|pages=1369–1370|doi=10.1039/TF9383401369}}</ref> and was awarded the Messel medal of the [[Society of Chemical Industry]]. He was elected Fellow of the [[Royal Society of Edinburgh]] and [[Fellow of the Royal Society]].<ref name="frs"/> In France he became a[[Legion commanderof Honour|Chevalier of the [[Légion d'honneurd’honneur]] and a member of the [[Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres]], thereby becoming a member ofjoining the [[Institut de France]]. He was elected president of the SocietéSociété de Chimie.<ref name="dnb"/>

He was [[knight]]ed in 1932. He received numerous honours including the [[honorary degree]]s of [[Doctor of Laws|LL.D]] from the universities of Liverpool and Toronto, and [[Doctor of Science|D.Sc]] from the [[University of London]]. He was made [[President#Non-governmental presidents|president]] of the [[Faraday Society]] and was awarded the Messel medal of the [[Society of Chemical Industry]]. He was elected Fellow of the [[Royal Society of Edinburgh]] and [[Fellow of the Royal Society]]. In France he became a commander of the [[Légion d'honneur]] and a member of the [[Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres]], thereby becoming a member of the [[Institut de France]]. He was elected president of the Societé de Chimie.<ref name="dnb"/>

==Personal life==

Robert Mond married twice. In 1898 he married Helen Levis and they had two daughters but Helen died in 1905, following the birth of their second daughter in 19051901. In her memory Mond founded the Infants' Hospital in [[Vincent Square]], London. In 1922 he married Marie-Louise Guggenheim (née LaLe ManachManac'h) of Belle-Île-en-Terre, [[Brittany]] and following this spent more of his life in France. He died in Paris, was cremated at the [[Père Lachaise Cemetery]] and his ashes were buried at his home at Belle-Île-en-Terre.<ref name="dnb"/>

He died in [[Paris]] and was cremated at the [[Père Lachaise Cemetery|Père Lachaise Crematorium]] and his ashes were buried at his home at Belle-Île-en-Terre in [[Brittany]].<ref name="dnb"/>

==Notes==

<references/>

==See also==

*[[Melchett Medal]]

== References ==

{{Reflist}}

* [[Who's Who (UK)|Who was Who]]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mond, Robert}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mond, Robert}}

[[Category:1867 births]]

[[Category:1938 deaths]]

[[Category:BritishAlumni chemistsof Peterhouse, Cambridge]]

[[Category:BritishAlumni archaeologistsof the University of Edinburgh]]

[[Category:BritishAlumni Jewsof the University of Glasgow]]

[[Category:JewishCommanders scientistsof the Legion of Honour]]

[[Category:BritishEnglish knightsarchaeologists]]

[[Category:FellowsEnglish of the Royal Societychemists]]

[[Category:English Jews]]

[[Category:British Ashkenazi Jews]]

[[Category:English people of German-Jewish descent]]

[[Category:English philanthropists]]

[[Category: AlumniFellows of Peterhouse,the Royal CambridgeSociety]]

[[Category:Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh]]

[[fr:Robert Mond]]

[[Category:Jewish British scientists]]

[[Category:Knights Bachelor]]

[[Category:Members of the Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres]]

[[frCategory:Mond family|Robert Mond]]

[[Category:People associated with the University of London Institute in Paris]]

[[Category:People educated at Cheltenham College]]

[[Category:People from Widnes]]