Gorap language: Difference between revisions

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{{short description|Malay creole, spoken in Northern Halmahera Island}}

{{Infobox language

| name = Gorap

| nativename =

| altname =

| states = [[Indonesia]]

| region = [[North Halmahera Regency|Northern]] and [[West Halmahera Regency|western]] regions of Halmahera Island (mainly)

| ethnicity = BobaneigoGorap people

| speakers = 1,000

| date = 1992

| ref = e22

| familycolor = Creole

| fam1 = [[Malay-based creole]]

| fam2 = Eastern Indonesia Malay

| iso3= goq

| fam3 = Manadoic Malay

| glotto= gora1261

| iso3 = goq

| glottorefname= Gorap

| glotto = gora1261

| ELP= 1765

| ELPnameglottorefname = Gorap

| ELP = 1765

| ietf=

| ELPname = Gorap

| lingua=

| ietf =

| map=

| mapsizelingua =

| mapcaptionmap =

| mapsize = 170px

| map2= Lang Status 60-DE.svg

| mapcaption = Map showing Gorap-speaking villages in the northern part of [[Halmahera]] and the southern part of [[Morotai]].

| mapcaption2= {{center|{{small|Gorap language classified as Endangered by [[UNESCO]] in its ''Atlas of the World's Languages at Risk of Extinction''}}}}

| minority = [[Indonesia]]

| notice= IPA

| map2 = Lang Status 60-DE.svg

| mapcaption2 = {{center|{{small|Gorap language classified as Endangered by [[UNESCO]] in its ''Atlas of the World's Languages at Risk of Extinction.''}}}}

| notice = IPA

}}

'''Gorap''' is a [[Malay trade and creole languagelanguages|Malay-based creole]] language predominantly spoken by Gorap (''Bobaneigo''){{efn|Bobaneigo is actually the name of [[Malaya village where the Gorap language|Malay]] predominantlyis spoken, bythis overlaps greatly with the ethnic name itself which is actually simply referred to as "Gorap".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.kompasiana.com/arisudrajat/632534e208a8b557ff7acf93/mengungkap-keindahan-alam-kampung-nelayan-bobaneigo-halmahera-barat|website=www.kompasiana.com|title=Mengungkap Keindahan Alam Kampung Nelayan Bobaneigo Halmahera Barat|language=id|access-date=7 July 2024|date=17 September 2022|first=Adi|last=Sudrajat|publisher=Kompasiana}}</ref>}} ethnic group, indigenous to [[West Halmahera Regency|western]] and [[North Halmahera Regency|northern]] regions of the Indonesian island of [[Halmahera Island|Halmahera]].<ref name="PB">{{cite web |title=Bahasa Gorap |language= id |trans-title= |url= https://petabahasa.kemdikbud.go.id/infobahasa2.php?idb=779&idp=Maluku%20Utara |work=Badan Pengembangan dan Pembinaan Bahasa |publisher= Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Republik Indonesia |___location= Indonesia}}</ref> It shares vocabulary with other [[Papuan languages]] and some of languages spoken in Sulawesi, such as [[Buginese language|Buginese]] and [[Cia-Cia language|Cia-Cia]]. Roughly around 60 out of 200 attested words in this language were indicated sharing vocabulary with those languages.<ref name="BH">{{cite journal|url=http://sinarbahtera.kemdikbud.go.id/index.php/SB/article/download/99/33/114|author=Sa'diyah, H. W. F. K.|date=2020|title=Laporan Fonologi Bahasa Gorap|publisher=Kantor Bahasa Provinsi Maluku|editor=Sudaryanto|journal=Metode danDan Aneka Teknik|access-date=2024-02-11|archive-date=2024-02-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240203182731/https://sinarbahtera.kemdikbud.go.id/index.php/SB/article/download/99/33/114|url-status=dead}}</ref>

While the Gorap language is also well documented, the collection mostly contains stimulus-based recordings; namely from ''Pear Film'' and ''Man and Tree Spacegame'', but also folklore. The collection is expected to grow gradually in the coming years, covering various genres of speaking events. Many recordings were transcribed in Gorap language and translated into [[English language]] and [[Indonesian language|standard Indonesian]].<ref name="ch"/>

== Distribution ==

Gorap language is spoken natively on the Indonesian island of Halmahera, specifically in the Kao Teluk district which is administratively part of the [[North Halmahera regencial regionRegency]] and also in the East Jailolo district in the [[West Halmahera regencial regionRegency]].<ref name="PB"/> This language is also spoken by its diasporic community, especially those who lives on the island of [[Morotai]] (especially South Morotai) and also on the island of [[Sulawesi]] (especially Southeast Sulawesi).

This language is spoken in 1011 hamletsvillages in the Northernnorthern part of Halmahera island and southern part of Morotai island, which from population surveys is inhabited by the Gorap ethnic group as much as 87.68%, Makian 1.29%, Galela 1.37%, Ternate 0.60%, [[Tobelo people|Tobelo]] 0.55%, [[Sangir people|Sangir]] 6.67%, [[Bugis people|Bugis]] 1.24%, [[Javanese people|Javanese]] 0.77%, and Maba as much as 1.03%.<ref name="PB"/><ref name="BH"/> The Gorap speaking villages are Bobaneigo, Nusa Ambu, Sondo-Sondo, Nusa Jaya, Talaga Jaya, Ekor, Saramaake in Halmahera island; Daruba, Galo-Galo, Waringin, Pilowo in Morotai island.<ref name="ch">{{cite web|url=https://eldp.access.preservica.com/dk0710/|title=A documentation of Gorap|language=en|access-date=7 July 2024|first=Christoph|last=Bracks|publisher=[[Goethe University Frankfurt|University of Frankfurt]]|___location=[[Frankfurt]], Germany}}</ref>

Tobelo 0.55%, Sanger 6.67%, Bugis 1.24%, Java 0.77%, and Maba as much as 1.03%.<ref name="BH"/><ref name="PB"/>

== Classification ==

Gorap is classified as a creole language of [[EastEastern IndonesianIndonesia Malay]]. It is creolized because it is used as the [[lingua franca]] of the people in the area where other languages in the [[Austronesian languages|Austronesian]] and [[Papuan languages|Papuan]] family are spoken, so most of its vocabulary is influenced by the surrounding languages.<ref name="BH"/> Malay and other Sulawesi languages indicated to be spoken in the Halmahera itself is thought to have spread through trader from the Sulawesi region who traded using the language.<ref name="PB"/> {{citation needed span |text=According to Glottolog, the Gorap language along with [[Manado Malay]] and [[North Moluccan Malay]] are grouped into its own sub-branch of East Indonesian Malay creole languages, the Manadoic branch. |date=February 2024<ref>{{Glottolog}}</ref>

== References ==

=== Notes ===

{{notelist}}

=== Footnotes ===

{{reflist}}