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{{short description|Brevity codes used by a variety of US professionals}}
{{Redirect|10-1|the FIFA World Cup match|Hungary v El Salvador (1982 FIFA World Cup)}}
{{Redirect|10-20|the EEG electrode placement system|10–20 system (EEG)}}
{{Duplicated citations|reason=[[User:Polygnotus/DuplicateReferences|DuplicateReferences]] detected:<br>
* http://28011b0082f55a9e1ec0-aecfa82ae628504f4b1d229bd9030ae1.r13.cf1.rackcdn.com/1940-01-p008-200.pdf (refs: 7, 19)
* https://blowonthepie.co.nz/emergency-codes/national-radio-codes-police/ (refs: 14, 27)
|date=July 2025}}
'''Ten-codes''', officially known as '''ten signals''', are [[brevity code]]s used to represent common phrases in voice communication, particularly by
The codes, developed during 1937–1940 and expanded in 1974 by the [[Association of Public-Safety Communications Officials-International]] (APCO), allow brevity and standardization of message traffic. They have historically been widely used by law enforcement officers in [[North America]], but in 2006, due to the lack of standardization, the U.S. federal government recommended they be discontinued in favor of everyday language.<ref name="plain">{{cite web |url=https://www.npr.org/templates/transcript/transcript.php?storyId=113738105 |title=Plain Talk Eases Police Radio Codes Off The Air |author=Heard on Morning Edition |date=2009-10-13 |publisher=NPR |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091017193802/http://www.npr.org/templates/transcript/transcript.php?storyId=113738105 |archive-date=2009-10-17 |url-status=live |access-date=2010-01-23 }}</ref>
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===In popular culture===
Ten-codes, especially "10-4" (meaning "understood") first reached public recognition in the mid- to late-1950s through the
Ten-codes were adapted for use by [[Citizens band radio|CB radio]] enthusiasts. [[C. W. McCall]]'s hit song "[[Convoy (song)|Convoy]]" (1975), depicting conversation among CB-communicating [[trucker]]s, put phrases like "10-4" and "what's your twenty?" (10-20 for "where are you?") into common use in American English.{{citation needed|date=April 2020}}
The movie ''[[Convoy (1978 film)|Convoy]]'' (1978), loosely based on McCall's song, further entrenched ten-codes in casual conversation, as
The New Zealand [[reality television]] show ''[[Ten 7 Aotearoa]]'' (formerly ''Police Ten 7'') takes its name from the New Zealand Police ten-code 10-7, which means "Unit has arrived at job".<ref name="Admin">{{Cite web |last=Admin |first=Blow on the Pie |title=NATIONAL RADIO CODES / POLICE {{!}} BlowonthePie - For New Zealand Scanner Codes and more |url=https://blowonthepie.co.nz/emergency-codes/national-radio-codes-police/ |access-date=2025-03-02 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Screen |first=NZ On |title=Police Ten 7 {{!}} Series {{!}} Television {{!}} NZ On Screen |url=https://www.nzonscreen.com/title/police-ten-7-2002/series#:~:text=Taking%20its%20name%20from%20police,began%20presenting%20in%20September%202015. |access-date=2025-03-02 |website=www.nzonscreen.com |language=en}}</ref>
==Police officer retirement (North America)==
Often when an officer retires, a call to dispatch is made. The officer gives a 10-7 code (Out of service) and then a 10-42 code (ending tour of duty).<ref name="FOX">{{cite news |last1=Suarez Sang |first1=Lucia I. |title=Cop son gives father -- a fellow officer -- a heartfelt sendoff on last radio call before retirement |url=https://www.foxnews.com/us/cop-son-gives-fellow-officer-father-heartfelt-sendoff-on-last-radio-call-before-retirement |access-date=21 December 2019 |publisher=Fox News |date=8 February 2019}}</ref><ref name="Trib">{{cite news |title=Son surprises father by acknowledging his last radio call before retiring from Arkansas Highway Police |url=https://fox13now.com/2019/02/07/son-surprises-father-by-acknowledging-his-last-radio-call-before-retiring-from-arkansas-highway-police/ |access-date=21 December 2019 |agency=Fox 13 Now |publisher=Tribune Media Wire |date=7 February 2019}}</ref>
==Signals by era (North America)==
{| class="wikitable"
!Signal
Line 1,112 ⟶ 1,111:
|
|Officer Nr. ... will be in ... if officer Nr. ... will be in.
|Meet the officer at ______.
|
|
Line 1,244 ⟶ 1,243:
|}
==
=== New Zealand ===
The [[New Zealand Police]] use a variety of radio communication codes including its own version of 10-codes seen below.<ref name="Admin"/>
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Code
!Meaning
!Activity
|-
|10-0
|Off duty
|In use
|-
|10-1
|Broadcast to all units
|In use
|-
|10-2
|Enroute to job/event
|In use
|-
|10-3
|Available
|In use
|-
|10-4
|Repeat your last message
|In use
|-
|10-5
|Out of service for a short time
|Not in use
|-
|10-6
|Change radio channel
|In use
|-
|10-8
|Arrived at job/event
|In use
|-
|10-9
|Busy but Available
|In use
|-
|10-10
|Officer requires immediate assistance (call for help)
|In use
|}
=== Philippines ===
== TxtFire Philippines Fire-Specific 10-Codes ==
'''TxtFire Philippines''' employs a subset of its standard 10-codes exclusively for fire-response operations. These fire-specific signals are used to dispatch and coordinate firefighting resources on VHF/UHF radio.
== Fire-specific code list ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Code !! Meaning
|-
| 10-23 || Arrived at scene
|-
| 10-45 || Fire-service vehicle
|-
| 10-70 || For Verification, Fire alarm (structure)
|-
| 10-71 || Advise nature of fire
|-
| 10-73 || Request additional fire truck
|-
| 10-74 || Negative Fire
|}
== Fire response protocols ==
* Codes 10-70 through 10-73 automatically trigger dispatch of firefighting units and apparatus.
* Code 10-45 is used to identify any fire-service vehicle (engine, ladder, tanker, etc.) on the air.
* All fire-specific traffic takes priority over routine and non-fire messages on the main frequency.
== Operational procedures ==
=== Emergency protocols ===
Codes 10-70 through 10-73 are designated as fire-specific codes that trigger automatic dispatch protocols within the TxtFire network.
Code 10-33 is reserved exclusively for life-threatening emergencies, requiring all non-essential radio traffic to cease immediately.
=== Communication guidelines ===
Before initiating non-emergency communication with another station, operators must first request permission using code "10-75" from base control and complete the communication within three minutes, or transfer to a secondary channel.
During curfew hours (22:00–06:00), only emergency traffic is permitted on the main frequency; routine communications are prohibited.
Base control strictly prohibits vulgar language and commercial or personal advertisements on all frequencies.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.scribd.com/document/85146964/10Codes-and-Rules |title=10Codes and Rules |website=Scribd |access-date=2025-07-26}}</ref>
== Replacement with plain language ==
While ten-codes were intended to be a terse, concise, and standardized system, the proliferation of different meanings can render them useless in situations when officers from different agencies and jurisdictions need to communicate.
In the fall of 2005, responding to inter-organizational communication problems during the rescue operations after [[Hurricane Katrina]], the United States [[Federal Emergency Management Agency]] (FEMA) discouraged the use of ten-codes and other codes due to their wide variation in meaning.<ref>[http://www.officer.com/article/article.jsp?siteSection=19&id=26605 The End of the Ten-Code?] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090722201256/http://www.officer.com/article/article.jsp?siteSection=19&id=26605|date=2009-07-22}}. Tim Dees, Officer.com, 9 November 2005</ref><ref>[http://www.eastvalleytribune.com/article_5e02f577-c15d-5848-89b8-3f03ea7da3b5.html?mode=print 10-4 no more?]. Megan Scott, asap (AP), 23 November 2005</ref> The [[Department of Homeland Security]]'s SAFECOM program, established in response to communication problems experienced during the [[September 11 attacks]] also advises local agencies on how and why to transition to plain language,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.safecomprogram.gov/NR/rdonlyres/5945AFE3-ADA9-4189-83B0-4D8218D0CA2F/0/PlainLanguageGuide.pdf|title=Plain Language Guide|work=SAFECOM program|publisher=Department of Homeland Security|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100527234725/http://www.safecomprogram.gov/NR/rdonlyres/5945AFE3-ADA9-4189-83B0-4D8218D0CA2F/0/PlainLanguageGuide.pdf|archive-date=2010-05-27|url-status=dead|access-date=2010-01-23}}</ref> and their use is expressly forbidden in the nationally standardized [[Incident Command System]], as is the use of other codes.<ref name="nimsfaq">Federal Emergency Management Agency. ''NIMS Frequently Asked Questions''. Retrieved on 2014-12-01 from {{cite web|url=https://www.fema.gov/nims-frequently-asked-questions|title=NIMS Frequently Asked Questions | FEMA.gov|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141223190939/http://www.fema.gov/nims-frequently-asked-questions|archive-date=2014-12-23|url-status=dead|access-date=2014-12-02}}.</ref>
APCO International stated in 2012 that plain speech communications over public safety radio systems is preferred over the traditional 10-Codes and dispatch signals.<ref>[http://www.apcointl.org/advocacy/position-statements.html#plainspeech APCO position statement on Plain Speech in Public Safety Communications] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120509005027/http://www.apcointl.org/advocacy/position-statements.html|date=2012-05-09}}</ref> Nineteen states had changed to plain English by the end of 2009.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.policeone.com/patrol-issues/articles/1984858-Maine-police-dropping-10-code-switching-to-plain-language/|title=Maine police dropping 10-code, switching to plain language|last=Mack|first=Sharon Kiley|date=January 1, 2010|newspaper=Bangor Daily News|access-date=October 26, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120118082538/http://www.policeone.com/patrol-issues/articles/1984858-Maine-police-dropping-10-code-switching-to-plain-language|archive-date=January 18, 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> {{as of|2011}}, ten-codes remained in common use in many areas, but were increasingly being phased out in favor of plain language.<ref name="plain" />
=== Phrase Word Brevity Code ===
Line 1,472 ⟶ 1,349:
{| class="wikitable"
|+Phrase Word Brevity Code
!Phrase
!English
!APCO
|-
|Use Caution
Line 1,570 ⟶ 1,447:
{| class="wikitable"
|+ICS Clear Text Guide<ref name=":2" />
!Procedure
!Meaning
|-
Line 1,597 ⟶ 1,474:
|-
|In-quarters, with Station Name or Number
|Used to indicate that a
|-
|Uncovered
Line 1,660 ⟶ 1,537:
*The [[California Highway Patrol]] uses ten-codes, along with an additional set of eleven- and higher codes.<ref>{{cite web|url = http://cad.chp.ca.gov/htm.net/glossary.htm|title = CHP Glossary|publisher = California Highway Patrol|access-date = 2015-11-25|url-status=live|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20151126100443/http://cad.chp.ca.gov/htm.net/glossary.htm|archive-date = 2015-11-26}}</ref>
*[[California Penal Code]] sections were in use by the [[Los Angeles Police Department]] as early as the 1940s, and these [[Police code#The Hundred Code|Hundred Code]] numbers are still used today instead of the corresponding ten-code. Generally these are given as two sets of numbers{{Citation needed|date=July 2011}}
*The New York Fire Department uses its own ten-code system.<ref>[http://www.nyfd.com/radio.html F.D.N.Y. Radio Codes] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100915175458/http://www.nyfd.com/radio.html |date=2010-09-15 }} The Unofficial Home Page of FDNY.</ref>
*
*Telegraph and teletype procedures
**[[Q code]] and [[prosigns for Morse code]] are used in [[amateur radio]], aviation, and [[marine radio]]. They provide specific abbreviations for concepts related to aviation, shipping, RTTY, radiotelegraph, and amateur radio.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://cbradiosource.com/archives/q_codes.pdf |title=Q Codes |publisher=CB Radio Source |access-date=2010-01-23 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140814025822/http://cbradiosource.com/archives/q_codes.pdf |archive-date=2014-08-14 }}</ref> In [[radiotelegraph]] operation, a Q code is often shorter,<ref name=Qcode_10code>Ten-codes require transmission of three prefix characters "10-" and two numbers, so five characters, on top of which digits and punctuation are all long sequences in Morse (5–6 dits or dahs). Letters are all short sequences in Morse (1–4 dits or dahs), so the prefix "Q" and two letters is fewer characters and shorter code sequences.</ref> and provides codes standardized by meaning in all languages – essential for international [[shortwave]] radio communications.
Line 1,686 ⟶ 1,557:
==References==
{{Reflist}}
== External links ==
* [https://txtfire.net Official TxtFire Philippines website]
==External links==
Line 1,692 ⟶ 1,566:
{{DEFAULTSORT:Ten-Code}}
[[Category:Emergency communication]]
[[Category:Fire departments of the Philippines]]
[[Category:Brevity codes]]
[[Category:Encodings]]
[[Category:Law enforcement in the United States]]
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