Content deleted Content added
Merged citations for the same source |
CrazyCat138 (talk | contribs) →Fabrication: source doesn't seem to show any preference to wolf spiders over other spiders |
||
| (6 intermediate revisions by 6 users not shown) | |||
Line 1:
{{Short description|Practice of using biotic materials as robotic components}}
[[File:Necrobotics with a spider.png|thumb|Demonstration of the concept
[[File:Demonstration of functionality of the spider necrobotic gripper.webp|thumb|A "necrobotic" gripper is fashioned from a dead spider and used to lift objects.<ref name="10.1002/advs.202201174"/>]]
[[File:Necrobotics concept.jpg|thumb|Procedure explanation
'''Necrobotics''' is the practice of using [[biotic materials]] (or dead organisms) as robotic components.<ref name="10.1002/advs.202201174">{{Cite journal|title=Necrobotics: Biotic Materials as Ready-to-Use Actuators|date=July 25, 2022|journal=Advanced Science|doi=10.1002/advs.202201174 |last1=Yap |first1=Te Faye |last2=Liu |first2=Zhen |last3=Rajappan |first3=Anoop |last4=Shimokusu |first4=Trevor J. |last5=Preston |first5=Daniel J. |volume=9 |issue=29 |pages=e2201174 |issn=2198-3844 |pmid=35875913 |pmc=9561765 |s2cid=251038837 }}</ref> In July 2022, researchers in the [[Preston Innovation Lab]] at [[Rice University]] in [[Houston, Texas]] published a paper in ''[[Advanced Science]]'' introducing the concept and demonstrating its capability by repurposing dead spiders as robotic grippers and applying pressurized air to activate their gripping arms.<ref name="10.1002/advs.202201174"/><ref name="ieee">{{Cite web|url=https://spectrum.ieee.org/robot-bugs|title=Necrobotics: Dead Spiders Reincarnated as Robot Grippers|date=July 26, 2022|website=IEEE Spectrum |first=Evan |last=Ackerman |access-date=July 29, 2022|archive-date=July 29, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220729072153/https://spectrum.ieee.org/robot-bugs|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://news.rice.edu/news/2022/rice-engineers-get-grip-necrobotic-spiders|title=Rice engineers get a grip with 'necrobotic' spiders|website=Rice News |publisher=Rice University |date=July 25, 2022 |first=Mike |last=Williams |access-date=2022-07-29|archive-date=2022-07-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220729062738/https://news.rice.edu/news/2022/rice-engineers-get-grip-necrobotic-spiders|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Scientists turned dead spiders into robots |url=https://www.sciencenews.org/article/dead-wolf-spiders-robots-necrobots |access-date=21 August 2022 |work=Science News |date=4 August 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theverge.com/2022/7/28/23282023/dead-spiders-robot-grippers-necrobotics-research-rice-university|title=Scientists reanimate dead spiders as robot gripping claws|first=James|last=Vincent|date=July 28, 2022|website=The Verge|access-date=July 29, 2022|archive-date=July 29, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220729072153/https://www.theverge.com/2022/7/28/23282023/dead-spiders-robot-grippers-necrobotics-research-rice-university|url-status=live}}</ref>
Necrobotics utilizes the spider's organic hydraulic system and their compact legs to create an efficient and simple gripper system. The necrobotic spider gripper is capable of lifting small and light objects, thereby serving as an alternative to complex and costly small mechanical grippers.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Necrobotics: Dead Spiders Reincarnated as Robot Grippers - IEEE Spectrum |url=https://spectrum.ieee.org/robot-bugs |access-date=2023-10-19 |website=
== Background ==
The main appeal of the spider's body in necrobotics is its compact leg mechanism and use of hydraulic pressure.<ref name=":2">{{Citation |title=Spider anatomy |date=2023-07-20 |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Spider_anatomy&oldid=1166225476 |work=Wikipedia |access-date=2023-10-19 |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=Leg Uses Hydraulics and Muscle Flex — Biological Strategy — AskNature |url=https://asknature.org/strategy/leg-uses-hydraulics-and-muscle-flex/ |access-date=2023-11-04 |website=asknature.org |language=en-US}}</ref> The spider's anatomy utilizes a simple [[Hydraulics|hydraulic]] (fluid) pressure system. Spider legs have flexor muscles that naturally constrict their legs when relaxed.<ref name="10.1002/advs.202201174"/><ref name=":4" /> A force is required to straighten and extend their legs, which spiders accomplish by pumping hemolymph fluid (blood) through their joints as a means of hydraulic pressure.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":4" /> It takes no external power to curl their legs due to their flexor muscles' natural curled state.<ref name="10.1002/advs.202201174"/>
In July 2022, researchers in the Preston Innovation Lab at Rice University published a paper detailing their experiments with the gripper. Although dead spiders no longer produce hemolymph, Te Faye Yap (lead author and mechanical engineering graduate) found that pumping air through a needle into the spider's [[Spider anatomy|cephalothorax]] (main body) accomplishes the same results as hemolymph.<ref name="10.1002/advs.202201174"/> The original hydraulic (fluid) system is essentially converted into a pneumatic (air) system.
== Fabrication ==
# Obtain a spider
# Euthanize the spider using a cold temperature of around -4°C for 5-7 days
# Insert a 25 gauge hypodermic needle into the spider's cephalothorax (main body)
Line 40:
== Constraints ==
{{Original research|section|date=September 2024}}
With the usage of organic material, there is a higher chance of the component decomposing and breaking down as opposed to traditional mechanical systems. There may be additional work and management required to replace these grippers if they fail. Additionally, organic inconsistencies with the spiders will yield inaccurate results. Not all wolf spiders develop the same, so gripping force and leg contraction can vary between grippers.
There are moral implications behind euthanizing spiders for robotics.{{
== See also ==
| |||