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{{Use mdy dates|date=July 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement
|official_name = Big Horn
|settlement_type = [[Census-designated place|CDP]]
|image_skyline = Johnson Street HD NRHP 84003701 Sheridan County, WY.jpg
|imagesize = 250px
|image_caption = [[Johnson Street Historic District|Johnson Street]] in Big Horn
|image_map = WYMap-doton-BigHorn.PNG
|mapsize = 250px
|map_caption = Location of Big Horn, Wyoming
|pushpin_map = USA
|pushpin_map_caption = Location in the United States
<!-- Location -->
|subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
|subdivision_name = United States
|subdivision_type1 = [[U.S. state|State]]
|subdivision_name1 = [[Wyoming]]
|subdivision_type2 = [[List of counties in Wyoming|County]]
|subdivision_name2 = [[Sheridan County, Wyoming|Sheridan]]
<!-- Government -->
|government_footnotes =
|government_type = Unincorporated
|established_title = <!-- Settled -->
|established_date =
<!-- Area -->
|unit_pref = Imperial
|area_footnotes =
|area_total_km2 =
|area_land_km2 =
|area_water_km2 =
|area_total_sq_mi = 1.8
|area_land_sq_mi = 1.8
|area_water_sq_mi = 0.0
<!-- Population -->
|population_as_of = [[2020 United States Census|2020]]
|population_footnotes =
|population_total = 457
|population_density_km2 =
|population_density_sq_mi = auto
<!-- General information -->
|timezone = [[Mountain Time Zone|Mountain (MST)]]
|utc_offset = -7
|timezone_DST = MDT
|utc_offset_DST = -6
|elevation_footnotes = <ref name=gnis/>
|elevation_ft = 4111
|coordinates = {{coord|44|40|45|N|106|59|53|W|region:US_type:city|display=inline,title}}<ref name=gnis/>
<!-- Area/postal codes and others -->
|postal_code_type = [[ZIP code]]
|postal_code = 82833
|area_code = [[Area code 307|307]]
|blank_name = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS code]]
|blank_info = 56-06770<ref name="GR2">{{cite web |url=https://www.census.gov |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]] |access-date=2008-01-31 |title=U.S. Census website }}</ref>
|blank1_name = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature ID
|blank1_info = 2407840<ref name=gnis>{{GNIS|2407840}}</ref>
|footnotes =
}}
'''Big Horn''' is an unincorporated community and [[census-designated place]] (CDP) in [[Sheridan County, Wyoming|Sheridan County]], [[Wyoming]], United States. The population was 457 at the [[United States Census, 2020|2020 census]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://data.census.gov/profile/Big_Horn_CDP,_Wyoming?g=160XX00US5606770|title=2020 Census Data|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=September 30, 2023}}</ref>
==History==
Big Horn is along the valley of [[Little Goose Creek]]. From 1866 to 1868, the military cutoff route of the [[Bozeman Trail]] crossed Little Goose Creek, where Big Horn was later located. The trail was used by travelers going to gold fields in [[Montana]], but was plagued by Lakota attacks under [[Red Cloud]]. [[Fort Phil Kearny]] was established on Piney Creek, but continued harassment by the Lakota led to its abandonment and the withdrawal of the U.S. Army from the Powder River Country under the [[Fort Laramie Treaty (1868)|Fort Laramie Treaty]] of 1868.
According to local historian Glenn Sweem, the main route of the Bozeman Trail did not pass through the site where Big Horn was later founded.{{citation needed|date=February 2023}} It lay farther to the east and followed Prairie Dog Creek, eventually leaving that drainage and taking a course now occupied by 5th Street in [[Sheridan, Wyoming|Sheridan]]. From there the trail crossed Goose Creek and continued out Soldier Creek to present-day Keystone Road, eventually crossing Tongue River between where [[Ranchester, Wyoming|Ranchester]] and [[Dayton, Wyoming]], were later located.{{citation needed|date=February 2023}}
[[Little Goose Creek]] was the site of [[George Crook|General George Crook]]'s camp after the [[Battle of the Rosebud]] against the Sioux and Cheyenne on June 17, 1876. Crook was fishing in the [[Bighorn Mountains]] on Tepee Creek while General [[George Armstrong Custer|George Custer]] fell to the Lakota and Cheyenne at the [[Battle of the Little Bighorn|Little Bighorn]], {{convert|70|mi|km}} to the north.
The first settler in the Big Horn area was Oliver Perry Hanna, an adventurer, prospector, buffalo hunter, and Indian fighter who built a cabin on Hanna Creek in 1878.<ref name="google">{{Cite web|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1298&dat=19841015&id=CQFOAAAAIBAJ&sjid=-YsDAAAAIBAJ&pg=6013,2291895|title=The Free Lance-Star - Google News Archive Search|website=News.google.com|access-date=18 December 2021}}</ref> During the winter of 1878–79, he rode his horse north on the frozen Tongue River to hunt buffalo in the Yellowstone River Country. He participated in the massive hide harvest that wiped out the buffalo on the northern plains. His published recollections told of entire steamships loaded with buffalo hides floating down the Yellowstone River, as well as entire freight trains loaded with buffalo bones. After the buffalo hunting dried up, Hanna made a {{convert|400|mi|km|adj=on}} round trip to Fort Laramie to buy seed and a plow, becoming the first farmer to carve a furrow in what became Sheridan County. Hanna attracted many of the first settlers to Big Horn City, which was established in 1882. He operated the Oriental Hotel across the street from the Big Horn Mercantile for many years. William Frackelton, "The Sagebrush Dentist", credited Hanna as the inspiration for the Crow Tribe's involvement in a July 1902 reenactment of the Little Bighorn Battle in Sheridan.<ref>An Old-Timer's Story of the Old Wild West: Being the Recollections of Oliver Perry Hanna, Pioneer, Indian Fighter, Frontiersman, and First Settler in Sheridan County. Compiled June 1926. Copyright 1984 by Charles Hanna Carter. Printed by Endeavor Books, Casper, WY.</ref>
According to local legend, [[Frank James]] and [[Big Nose George]] were hiding out along Little Goose Creek in 1878. Supposedly, things got "too hot" for them in the [[Black Hills]], so they headed for the unsettled country near the Big Horn Mountains, where they encountered Hanna. This story has been passed down in the written recollections of early homesteaders, but has not been corroborated by outside historical references or the chronology of the [[James Gang]].{{citation needed|date=February 2023}} The Hilman family employed a mysterious man for a time, who regularly engaged in target practice with his pistol. The family believes this man was [[Butch Cassidy]], based on a note left on his sudden departure from the ranch, which read: "This is the only home I have ever known—Robert Parker."{{citation needed|date=February 2023}}
[[Polo]] was first played in the area at a summer fair in Sheridan in 1893. Among the players in the match were ex-members of the Ninth Lancers division of the English Cavalry, who had brought polo from India.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.flyinghpolo.com/history.htm|title=Polo History|accessdate=28 March 2023}}</ref>
At one time Big Horn had nearly 1,000 residents, a college, a brick factory, a newspaper, two churches, a hotel, a livery barn, two saloons, and a mercantile. It made a bid to be the seat of Sheridan County, but an 1888 runoff election gave the title to Sheridan. There was an exodus of residents and businesses around 1891 when it was learned that the Chicago, Burlington, and Quincy Railroad was being surveyed through Sheridan. The railroad came to Sheridan in 1893, and since then Big Horn has been a satellite community of Sheridan. Today Big Horn has a mercantile, two bars, several bed-and-breakfasts, a women's club, the Bozeman Trail Museum, a park, and an art museum several miles up Little Goose Creek at the Moncreiffe/Bradford Brinton Memorial Ranch.{{citation needed|date=February 2023}}
[[Elizabeth II|Queen Elizabeth II]] stayed in Big Horn in October 1984 during a visit with her friends [[Henry Herbert, 7th Earl of Carnarvon|Lord]] and [[Jean Herbert, Countess of Carnarvon|Lady Carnarvon]] at [[Malcolm Wallop|Senator]] and Mrs. Wallop's Canyon Ranch.<ref name="google" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://billingsgazette.com/news/state-and-regional/wyoming/downton-abbey-close-to-wyoming-ranchers-heart/article_338c1aa8-5c51-53e6-8d0e-a93dbf1b9841.html|title='Downton Abbey' close to Wyoming rancher's heart|author=Mary Pickett|website=Billings Gazette|access-date=18 December 2021}}</ref>
==Geography==
Big Horn is on the eastern slope of the Big Horn Mountains, along [[Little Goose Creek]], a tributary of the [[Tongue River (Montana)|Tongue River]].
According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the CDP has an area of 1.8 square miles (4.7 km<sup>2</sup>), all land.<ref name=censusnl>{{cite web|title=2010 Wyoming Place Names |url=https://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/files/Gaz_places_56.txt |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau |access-date=July 13, 2012 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120704211805/http://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/files/Gaz_places_56.txt |archivedate=July 4, 2012 }}</ref>
===Climate===
According to the [[Köppen Climate Classification]] system, Big Horn has a [[semi-arid climate]], abbreviated "BSk" on climate maps.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather-summary.php3?s=551884&cityname=Big+Horn,+Wyoming,+United+States+of+America&units=|title=Big Horn, Wyoming Koppen Climate Classification (Weatherbase)|website=Weatherbase.com|access-date=18 December 2021}}</ref>
{{Weather box
|___location = Big Horn, Wyoming, 1991–2020 normals, extremes 2000–present
|single line = Yes
|collapsed = Y
|Jan record high F = 71
|Feb record high F = 73
|Mar record high F = 79
|Apr record high F = 86
|May record high F = 94
|Jun record high F = 102
|Jul record high F = 102
|Aug record high F = 101
|Sep record high F = 99
|Oct record high F = 91
|Nov record high F = 78
|Dec record high F = 74
|Jan avg record high F = 60.1
|Feb avg record high F = 58.4
|Mar avg record high F = 70.9
|Apr avg record high F = 77.8
|May avg record high F = 83.4
|Jun avg record high F = 91.4
|Jul avg record high F = 97.0
|Aug avg record high F = 97.0
|Sep avg record high F = 92.5
|Oct avg record high F = 81.7
|Nov avg record high F = 71.5
|Dec avg record high F = 61.3
|year avg record high F = 98.5
|Jan high F = 37.7
|Feb high F = 38.0
|Mar high F = 47.6
|Apr high F = 54.5
|May high F = 63.7
|Jun high F = 74.1
|Jul high F = 84.0
|Aug high F = 83.8
|Sep high F = 73.5
|Oct high F = 58.8
|Nov high F = 46.4
|Dec high F = 37.7
|year high F =
|Jan mean F = 26.3
|Feb mean F = 26.3
|Mar mean F = 35.3
|Apr mean F = 42.8
|May mean F = 51.9
|Jun mean F = 61.1
|Jul mean F = 69.2
|Aug mean F = 68.4
|Sep mean F = 59.0
|Oct mean F = 45.6
|Nov mean F = 34.4
|Dec mean F = 25.7
|year mean F =
|Jan low F = 14.9
|Feb low F = 14.5
|Mar low F = 23.0
|Apr low F = 31.1
|May low F = 40.1
|Jun low F = 48.2
|Jul low F = 54.4
|Aug low F = 53.0
|Sep low F = 44.5
|Oct low F = 32.5
|Nov low F = 22.4
|Dec low F = 13.7
|year low F =
|Jan avg record low F = -11.6
|Feb avg record low F = -8.8
|Mar avg record low F = 3.2
|Apr avg record low F = 14.1
|May avg record low F = 27.8
|Jun avg record low F = 35.8
|Jul avg record low F = 44.5
|Aug avg record low F = 41.6
|Sep avg record low F = 30.4
|Oct avg record low F = 14.0
|Nov avg record low F = 0.1
|Dec avg record low F = -8.6
|year avg record low F = -17.1
|Jan record low F = -20
|Feb record low F = -27
|Mar record low F = -18
|Apr record low F = -2
|May record low F = 10
|Jun record low F = 29
|Jul record low F = 40
|Aug record low F = 34
|Sep record low F = 16
|Oct record low F = -7
|Nov record low F = -16
|Dec record low F = -28
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation inch = 0.60
|Feb precipitation inch = 0.62
|Mar precipitation inch = 1.77
|Apr precipitation inch = 2.42
|May precipitation inch = 3.79
|Jun precipitation inch = 2.30
|Jul precipitation inch = 0.95
|Aug precipitation inch = 1.06
|Sep precipitation inch = 1.70
|Oct precipitation inch = 1.95
|Nov precipitation inch = 0.85
|Dec precipitation inch = 0.58
|year precipitation inch =
|Jan snow inch = 11.4
|Feb snow inch = 16.1
|Mar snow inch = 13.6
|Apr snow inch = 10.2
|May snow inch = 2.0
|Jun snow inch = 0.0
|Jul snow inch = 0.0
|Aug snow inch = 0.0
|Sep snow inch = 1.0
|Oct snow inch = 6.2
|Nov snow inch = 9.2
|Dec snow inch = 11.7
|year snow inch =
|unit precipitation days = 0.01 in
|Jan precipitation days = 7.3
|Feb precipitation days = 9.0
|Mar precipitation days = 8.4
|Apr precipitation days = 10.9
|May precipitation days = 14.6
|Jun precipitation days = 10.4
|Jul precipitation days = 7.3
|Aug precipitation days = 6.9
|Sep precipitation days = 7.3
|Oct precipitation days = 10.3
|Nov precipitation days = 6.8
|Dec precipitation days = 6.4
|unit snow days = 0.1 in
|Jan snow days = 7.2
|Feb snow days = 9.4
|Mar snow days = 5.6
|Apr snow days = 4.3
|May snow days = 0.9
|Jun snow days = 0.0
|Jul snow days = 0.0
|Aug snow days = 0.0
|Sep snow days = 0.3
|Oct snow days = 2.5
|Nov snow days = 4.6
|Dec snow days = 6.7
|source 1 = NOAA<ref name=NOAA>
{{cite web
|url = https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/services/data/v1?dataset=normals-monthly-1991-2020&stations=USC00480680&format=pdf&dataTypes=MLY-TMAX-NORMAL,MLY-TMIN-NORMAL,MLY-TAVG-NORMAL,MLY-PRCP-NORMAL,MLY-SNOW-NORMAL
|publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
|title = U.S. Climate Normals Quick Access
|access-date = August 4, 2022
}}
</ref>
|source 2 = National Weather Service (mean maxima and minima 2006–2020)<ref name = NOWData>
{{cite web
|url = https://www.weather.gov/wrh/climate?wfo=byz
|publisher = National Weather Service
|title = NOAA Online Weather Data
|access-date = August 4, 2022
}}
</ref>
}}
==Demographics==
{{US Census population
|2000= 198
|2010= 490
|2020= 457
|footnote=<ref name="census">{{cite web|title=Historical Decennial Census Population for Wyoming Counties, Cities, and Towns|publisher=Wyoming Department of State|url=http://eadiv.state.wy.us/demog_data/cntycity_hist.htm|access-date=September 1, 2011}}</ref>
}}
As of the [[census]]<ref name="GR2" /> of 2000, there were 198 people, 72 households, and 51 families residing in the CDP. The [[population density]] was 70.3 people per square mile (27.1/km<sup>2</sup>). There were 76 housing units at an average density of 27.0/sq mi (10.4/km<sup>2</sup>). The racial makeup of the CDP was 97.98% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 1.52% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], and 0.51% from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race were 1.52% of the population. 22.8% were of [[Irish people|Irish]], 22.0% [[German people|German]], 19.7% [[English people|English]] and 7.1% [[Polish people|Polish]] ancestry according to [[Census 2000]].
In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 31.8% under the age of 18, 4.0% from 18 to 24, 23.2% from 25 to 44, 28.8% from 45 to 64, and 12.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 94.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 82.4 males.
The median income for a household in the CDP was $52,344, and the median income for a family was $56,875. Males had a median income of $50,938 versus $25,625 for females. The [[per capita income]] for the CDP was $23,217. None of the families and 1.2% of the population were living below the [[poverty line]].
==
Founded in 1882, Big Horn caught the eye of well-to-do cattle and sheep ranchers who established operations along the base of the Big Horn Mountains in the 1890s. These included the sheep-breeding Moncreiffe brothers (from [[Clan Moncreiffe]] of the Scottish Highlands), [[Oliver Wallop, 8th Earl of Portsmouth|Oliver Wallop]] (a member of the English Nobility), Goelet Gallatin (a descendant of [[Albert Gallatin]] US Treasury Secretary under Thomas Jefferson), and [[Bradford Brinton]] (a businessman from Chicago). These residents of higher means were a minority among other residents who were owners or tenants on small ranches and farms. This trend has continued to the present day, with a number of distinguished but low-profile executives mixing with ranchers and upper-middle class residents, many of whom work in Sheridan, Wyoming. Land prices have risen dramatically in recent years, resulting in the subdivision of pastures that once served dairy farms and mid-size ranches. The large ranches along the base of the mountains have remained intact and largely undeveloped due to the foresight of residents who have established conservation easements on their properties.{{cn|date=February 2025}}
From autumn to spring, most of the community activity in Big Horn centers around its K-12 school, especially during football season. In the summer months the community attracts polo players from around the world, who enjoy the laid-back atmosphere of Big Horn Polo and the Flying H Polo Club in comparison to the more aristocratic experiences to be had in Long Island, Palm Beach, Santa Barbara, Spain, and Argentina. In May, the Big Horn Equestrian Center often hosts the Mars Big Horn Mountain Spring Cup, a soccer tournament for dozens of Wyoming traveling teams. During the tournament three polo fields are converted into 18 regulation-size soccer fields.{{cn|date=February 2025}}
Though Big Horn is an unincorporated community, it has several civic organizations including the [[volunteer fire department]], a non-denominational church, Women's Club, Lion's Club, and the Big Horn City Historical Society, which has over 400 members nationwide.<ref>{{cite web |title=Neighbor Towns Big Horn |url=https://www.sheridanwyoming.org/discover/neighbor-towns/big-horn/ |website=Sheridan, Wyoming Travel and Tourism |access-date=5 October 2022}}</ref>
==Flying H Polo Club==
The Flying H Polo Club<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://flyinghpolo.com/|title=Home|website=FLYING H POLO|accessdate=28 March 2023}}</ref> is one of the oldest polo clubs west of the Mississippi River. [[Polo]] first arrived in the area in the 1890s, brought by British expatriates, second sons who did not inherit estates but rather received [[remittance]] payments, who settled on local ranches. Several British men, including Oliver Wallop and the Moncreiffe brothers, began breeding [[polo pony|polo ponies]] and hosting matches.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://flyinghpolo.com/history/ | title=History }}</ref> A unique polo culture emerged in which local cowboys played the game with sons of lords. In the early 1980s, the Big Horn Equestrian Center opened.<ref name="Amundson">{{cite journal |last1=Amundson |first1=Michael A. |title='These Men Play Real Polo':An Elite Sport in the Cowboy State, 1890-1930 |journal=Montana The Magazine of Western History |date=Spring 2009 |volume=59 |issue=1 |pages=3–22 |jstor=25485776 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25485776 |access-date=22 January 2021}}</ref>
==Schools==
{{unsourced|section|date=February 2025}}
Public education in Big Horn is provided by [[Sheridan County School District Number 1|Sheridan County School District #1]].
Big Horn has a K-12 campus serving nearly 400 students. Graduating classes number approximately 40 students. Standardized test scores are routinely among Wyoming's highest due to small class size, excellent teachers and administration, and an involved community. Recent years have seen several National Merit Scholars and a graduate who was nominated for the Rhodes Scholarship. Several graduates are enrolled in doctoral programs and medical school. Big Horn has also earned a reputation for competitive athletic teams, with several state championships in football, volleyball, and girls basketball in the last decade.
Big Horn School uses a four-day week with classes from 8 am to 4 pm, and teacher in-service days on Friday. Though controversial at its inception, this non-traditional schedule allows for increased teacher training and curriculum development, and reduces the need for students to miss school to attend athletic contests and other extracurricular activities on Fridays. It also allows for a consistent three-day weekend, giving children more time to be nurtured in the home setting.
In 2009, the Wyoming School Facilities Commission approved plans for new school buildings to meet Big Horn's future education needs. In August 2010, construction was completed on a new two-story combined middle school/high school. A new elementary school will also be built on the current school property, in the ___location of the old middle school/high school which was demolished in the summer of 2010.
==See also==
* [[List of census-designated places in Wyoming]]
==References==
{{reflist}}
==Further reading==
* Amundson, Michael. ''The Mink and Manure Crowd: The History of an Elite Subculture in Wyoming''. University of Wyoming MA Thesis. 1990. Available through Wyldcat at Sheridan Co. Fulmer Public Library.
* Amundson, Michael. "The British at Big Horn: The Founding of an Elite Wyoming Community," Journal of the West, Vol. 40, No. 1 (Winter 2001): 49-55.
* Amundson, Michael. "These Men Played Real Polo: the History of an Elite Sport in the ‘Cowboy’ state, 1890-1930,” in Montana: the Magazine of Western History 59:1 (Spring 2009), 3-22.
* "Big Horn Pioneers." Published by Big Horn Public Schools, 1961.
* Hunter, Deck. ''Big Horn City: Wyoming Territory''. Volumes I-IV. Self-published, 1991.
* King, Bucky. ''The History of Big Horn Polo''. [[Sheridan, Wyoming|Sheridan]]: Still Sailing, 1987.
* Morton, Sam. ''Where the Rivers Run North.''
* Slack, Judy, the Bozeman Trail Museum and the Big Horn Historical Society. ''Images of America: Big Horn City.'' Arcadia Publishing, 2011.
* Big Horn community oral histories conducted by several local historians are available in the Wyoming Room of the Sheridan County Fulmer Public Library.
* Rucker, Kevin. ''Where Time Stands Still: The History of the Dome Lake Club.'' 2001.
==External links==
{{commons category-inline|Big Horn, Wyoming}}
{{Sheridan County, Wyoming}}
{{authority control}}
[[Category:Census-designated places in Sheridan County, Wyoming]]
[[Category:Census-designated places in Wyoming]]
[[Category:Populated places established in 1882]]
[[Category:1882 establishments in Wyoming Territory]]
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