Argon oxygen decarburization: Difference between revisions

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'''Argonoxygen decarburization''' ('''AOD''') is a process primarily used in [[stainless steel]] [[steel making|making]] and other high grade alloys with oxidizable elements such as [[chromium]] and [[aluminium]]. After initial melting the metal is then transferred to an AOD vessel where it will be subjected to three steps of refining; [[decarburization]], [[Reduction (chemistry)|reduction]], and [[desulfurization]].

The AOD process was invented in 1954 by the Lindé Division of The [[Union Carbide Corporation]]<ref name=krivsky73>{{cite journal | doi = 10.1007/BF02667991| bibcode = 1973MT......4.1439K| title = The linde argon-oxygen process for stainless steel; A case study of major innovation in a basic industry| journal = Metallurgical Transactions| volume = 4| issue = 6| pages = 1439–1447| last1 = Krivsky| first1 = W. A.| year = 1973| s2cid = 135951136|url=https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF02667991| url-access = subscription}}</ref><ref name=jalkanen14>{{cite journal |last1=Jalkanen |first1=Heikki |last2=Holappa |first2=Lauri |editor1-last=Seetharaman |editor1-first=Seshadri |title=Converter Steelmaking |journal=Treatise on Process Metallurgy: Industrial Processes |date=2014 |doi=10.1016/C2010-0-67121-5 |publisher=Elsevier|isbn=9780080969886 }}</ref> (which became known as [[Praxair]] in 1992).<ref name=uchist>[http://www.unioncarbide.com/History History] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170609104241/http://www.unioncarbide.com/history |date=2017-06-09 }}. Unioncarbide.com (1917-11-01). Retrieved on 2013-12-28.</ref>

==Process==

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=== Carbon Capture and Utilization ===

AOD slag has shown promising potential for usage as a carbon-capture construction material due to its high capacity for CO2CO₂ and its low cost. Carbonation curing, a process utilizing CO2CO₂ as a curing agent in concrete manufacturing, enhances the chemical properties of stainless steel slag by stabilizing it. During carbonation, g-C2SC₂S (di-calcium silicate) in the slag reacts with CO2CO₂ to produce compounds like calcite and silica gel, resulting in increased compressive strength and improved durability of cementitious materials. The incorporation of AOD slag as a replacement material in ordinary Portland cement (OPC) during carbonation curing has been studied, demonstrating positive effects on strength and reduced porosity.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Moon|first1= Choi |first2=E.J.|last2= Y.C |title=Development of carbon-capture binder using stainless steel argon oxygen decarburization slag activated by carbonation |journal=Journal of Cleaner Production |date=2018 |volume=180 |pages=642–654|doi=10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.01.189 |bibcode= 2018JCPro.180..642M }}</ref>

=== Cementitious Activity and Modifiers ===

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=== Chromium Leachability and Carbonation ===

Another aspect of AOD slag research is its carbonation potential and its impact on chromium leachability. Carbonation of the dicalcium silicate in AOD slag leads to the formation of various compounds, including amorphous calcium carbonate, crystalline calcite, and silica gel. The carbonation ratio of the slag affects the mineral phases, which subsequently influence chromium leachability. Optimal carbonation ratios have been identified to minimize chromium leaching risks during carbonation-related production activities.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Wang|first1=Ya-Jun|first2=Ya-Nan|last2=Zeng|first3=Jun-Guo|last3=Li|first4=Yu-Zhu|last4=Zhang|first5=Ya-Jing|last5=Zhang|first6=Oing-Zhang|last6=Zhao |title=Carbonation of argon oxygen decarburization stainless steel slag and its effect on chromium leachability. |journal=Journal of Cleaner Production |date=2020 |volume=256|doi=10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.120377 |bibcode=2020JCPro.25620377W }}</ref>

== References ==