PC-based IBM mainframe-compatible systems: Difference between revisions

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===Personal Computer AT/370===

In 1984, IBM introduced the IBM Personal Computer AT/370<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www-03.ibm.com/ibm/history/documents/pdf/1970-1984.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050310235403/http://www-03.ibm.com/ibm/history/documents/pdf/1970-1984.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-date=March 10, 2005 |title=IBM Highlights, 1970-1984 |publisher=IBM}}</ref> with similar cards as for the XT/370 and updated software, supporting both larger hard disks and <!-- 16-bit Dubious, see talk --> DMA transfers from the 3277 card to the AT/370 Processor card. The system was almost 60% faster than the XT/370.<ref name=Mueller92/> The AT/370 used different, 16-bit interface co-processing cards than the XT, called PC/370-P2 and PC/370-M2. The latter card still had only 512&nbsp;KB for memory, out of which 480&nbsp;KB were usable for programs in S/370 mode, while 32&nbsp;KB were reserved for microcode storage. For the terminal emulation function, the AT/370 came with the same 3278/79 Emulation Adapter as the late-series XT/370. The AT/370 motherboard itself was equipped with 512&nbsp;KB of RAM.<ref name="pc-service-information-manual"/>{{rp|9-26 to 9-28}}

The AT/370 also ran VM/PC, but with PC DOS 3.0 instead of 2.10 that the XT version used.<ref>Virtual Machine/Personal Computer User's Guide, p. 1-3, IBM publication number 6137739, December 1984</ref> VM/PC version 2, launched in November 1985, improved performance by up to 50%; it allowed add-on memory (in addition to the disk) to be used as a [[page cache]] for VM.<ref name="Gallant">{{cite journal|author=John Gallant|title=IBM exploiting AT/370 ability|journal=Computerworld: The Newsweekly of Information Systems Management|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZUMIDEwANHgC&pg=PA25|date=25 November 1985|publisher=Computerworld|pages=25, 29|issn=0010-4841}}</ref>

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===IBM 7437 VM/SP Technical Workstation===

In April 1988, IBM introduced a System/370 [[workstation]] that had been shipping to some customers since August 1987.<ref>{{cite magazine | last=Cortino | first=Juli | title=IBM 'personal mainframe' goes public this summer | magazine=PC Week | volume=6 | issue=16 | date=1989-04-24}}</ref> Officially called the IBM 7437 VM/SP Technical Workstation (and later also known as the Personal System/370), it was a freestanding tower that connected to a [[Micro Channel architecture|MCA]] card installed in a [[IBM Personal System/2|PS/2]] [[IBM PS/2 Model 60|Model 60]], 70, or 80. The 7437 tower contained the processor and a 16{{nbsp}}Mbytes main memory, and the PS/2 provided I/O and disk storage.<ref name=Cain>{{cite magazine | last=Cain | first=Matthew | title=IBM quietly sells a VM workstation: single-user system | magazine=MIS Week | volume=9 | issue=45 | date=1988-11-07 | page=8 |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_mis-week_1988-11-07_9_45/page/8}}</ref> The 7437 ran the IBM [[VM/SP]] operating system, and one IBM representative described the 7437 "like a [[IBM 9370|9370]] with a single terminal". It was intended for existing S/370 users and its November 1988 list price was $18,100 for a minimum 25-unit order.<ref>{{citation | last1=Fisher | first1=Sharon | last2=LaPlante | first2=Alice | title=IBM's VM/SP Device Cuts Mainframe Load | periodical=InfoWorld | volume=10 | issue=45 | page=113 | date=1988-11-07 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RzsEAAAAMBAJ&q=ibm%207437&pg=PT112}}</ref> One of its intended roles was to provide a single-user S/370-compatible computer that could run [[computer-aided design]] and [[Computer-aided engineering|engineering]] applications that originated on IBM mainframes such as [[CADAM]] and [[CATIA]]. Graphics support was provided by an IBM 5080 graphics system, a floor-standing tower. The 5080 was connected to the 7437 through the PS/2 via a cable and MCA adapter.<ref>{{cite magazine | last=Smalley | first=Eric | title=Quiet IBM Entry Lets Users Run VM on Desk Top | magazine=Digital Review | volume=5 | issue=22 | date=1989-11-21 | page=19}}</ref>

===Personal/370===

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==System/390==

In 1995 IBM introduced a card, the "Enhanced S/390 MicroProcessor Complex", which supported [[IBM ESA/390]] architecture on a PC-based system.<ref>{{cite news|title=Pipeline - Announced|volume = 17|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0joEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA25|accessdate=Feb 14, 2018|work=Infoworld|issue=30|date=August 21, 1995}}</ref> IBM's PC-related products evolved to support that as well, employing the card (IBM part number 8640-PB0) in the "IBM PC Server 330 in 1998<ref>{{cite web|last1=IBM Corporation|title=IBM PC Server System/390 Hints and Tips|url=ftphttps://ftppublic.softwaredhe.ibm.com/hardware/p390/doc/p390/faqp390.htm|website=ibm.com|accessdateaccess-date=Feb 14, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=IBM Corporation|title=IBM PC Server System/390 Quick Product Guide|date=1997|url=http://ps-2.kev009.com/p390/$P390manuals/P390_qrefp390.pdf|access-date=Feb 14, 2018}}</ref> and the IBM PC Server 500 models.<ref>{{cite web|last1=IBM Corporation|title=IBM PC Server 500 System/390 Delivers Two Computing Environments in One Cost-Effective Solution|url=http://www-01.ibm.com/common/ssi/rep_ca/7/897/ENUS195-147/index.html|website=ibm.com|date=23 May 1995 |accessdate=Feb 14, 2018}}</ref>

===S/390 Processor Card===

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===S/390 Integrated Server===

[[File:IBM s390 integrated server (1).jpg|thumb|IBM S/390 Integrated Server]]

The S/390 Integrated Server (aka S/390 IS) is a mainframe housed in a comparablycomparatively small case (HxWxD are 82 x 52 x 111&nbsp;cm). It became available from November 1998. It is intended for customers who do not require the I/O bandwidth and performance of the [[Multiprise 3000|S/390 Multiprise 3000]] (which has the same size). Only 256 MB of ECC Memory and a single CMOS main processor (performance about 8&nbsp;MIPS) are used; the S/390 CPU used in the Integrated Server is in fact the P/390 E-card. A [[Pentium II]] is used as IOSP (I/O Service Processor). It supports four [[ESCON]] and to four parallel channels. Standard PCI and ISA slots are present. A maximum of 255 GB internal harddisks are supported (16x 18GB HDs, with 2x HDs for redundancy). The supported OSs are OS/390, MVS/ESA, VM/ESA and VSE/ESA.

===Fujitsu PC-based systems===

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* '''FLEX-ES''' by Fundamental Software emulates both System/390 (ESA/390) and [[z/Architecture]]. Claimed to be one of the most popular PC-based IBM-compatible mainframe products (as of 2006). While FLEX-ES is capable of running on most PC hardware, the licensing agreement requires that FLEX-ES must run on the machine with which it was sold; in the past, this included Compaq Proliant and HP servers, but today this is nearly always an approved IBM [[IBM System x|x]]Series server or a [[ThinkPad]] laptop.

* '''[[Hercules (emulator)|Hercules]]''', an open source emulator for the System/370, System/390, and z/Architecture instruction sets. It does however require a complete operating system in order to execute application programs. While IBM does not license its current operating systems to run on Hercules, earlier System/370 operating systems are in the [[public ___domain]]{{Citation needed|date=February 2021}} and can be legally run on Hercules.

* '''[[zPDT]]''' (System/z Personal Development Tool), an IBM offering allowing IBM PartnerWorld Independent Software Developers (ISVs) to legally run [[z/OS]] 1.6 (or higher), [[IBM DB2|DB2]] V8 (or higher), [[z/VM]], [[z/TPF]], or [[z/VSE]] 4.1 (or higher) on PC-based machines that can be acquired based on a Linux emulation.

*'''IBM ZD&T''' (Z Development and Test Environment), an IBM offering ''provides an x86-based environment that emulates Z hardware and runs'' genuine ''z/OS software, offering unmatched application portability and compatibility. IBM Z Development and Test Environment can be used for education, demonstration, and development and test of applications that include mainframe components.''

* The Z390 and zCOBOL is a portable macro assembler and COBOL compiler, linker, and emulator toolkit providing a way to develop, test, and deploy mainframe compatible assembler and COBOL programs using any computer that supports J2SE 1.6.0+ runtime.