Content deleted Content added
EurekaLott (talk | contribs) tidy |
Added an infobox. |
||
| (73 intermediate revisions by 44 users not shown) | |||
Line 1:
{{Short description|American architect}}
{{infobox person
|name=Arnold W. Brunner
|image=Arnold W. Brunner.jpg
|birth_date={{birth date|1857|9|25}}
|birth_place=[[New York City]], U.S.
|death_date={{death date and age|1925|2|14|1857|9|25}}
|death_place=New York City, U.S.
|nationality=American
|alma_mater=[[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]]
|occupation=Architect
}}
'''Arnold William Brunner''' (September 25, 1857 – February 14, 1925) was an American [[architect]] who was born and died in [[New York City]]. Brunner was educated in New York and in [[Manchester]], [[England]]. He attended the [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]], where he studied under [[William R. Ware]]. Early in his career, he worked in the architectural office of [[George B. Post]]. He was a Fellow of the [[American Institute of Architects]] after 1892 and was appointed by Theodore Roosevelt to the [[United States Commission of Fine Arts]] in Washington, D.C. He was a member of the New York Fine Arts Commission, the American Civic Association, The [[Century Association]], The Engineer's Club, [[The Players (New York City)|The Players]], the [[Cosmos Club]] in Washington D.C., the [[National Institute of Arts and Letters]], The Union Club of Cleveland, and several other organizations. In 1910, he was elected to the [[National Academy of Design]] as an Associate member, and became a full member in 1916. Brunner was also known as a city planner, and made significant contributions to the city plans of [[Cleveland, Ohio]], [[Rochester, New York]], [[Baltimore, Maryland]], [[Denver, Colorado]], [[Trenton, New Jersey]], and [[Albany, New York]]. Brunner was, for a short time, partnered with [[Thomas Tryon (architect)|Thomas Tryon]] as the firm Brunner & Tryon.
==Notable works==
Brunner designed several notable buildings including the collaboration with Tryon on the 1897 [[Congregation Shearith Israel]], which today houses the United States' oldest Jewish congregation.<ref name=isjm>[http://isjm.best.vwh.net/Buildings/records/BR287.htm Congregation Shearith Israel], Building Report, ''International Survey of Jewish Monuments''. Retrieved [[3 April]] [[2007]].</ref> Brunner also designed the Albany City Plan and water fronts, the Stadium of the College of the City of New York, [[Mount Sinai Hospital, New York|Mount Sinai Hospital]] in New York City, and the [[Metzenbaum Courthouse|U.S. Post Office, Custom House and Courthouse]] in [[Cleveland, Ohio]]. Other work in Ohio included the Monumental Bridge in [[Toledo, Ohio|Toledo]] and [[Denison University]] in [[Granville, Ohio]]. He also won the competition for the design of the U.S. State Department Building in Washington D.C.<ref name=bio>"[http://www.sah.org/oldsite06012004/aame/biob.html#83 Arnold Brunner]," Breif Biographies of American Architects: Who Died Between 1897 and 1947, ''Society of Architectural Historians''. Retrieved [[3 April]] [[2007]].</ref>▼
Brunner designed several notable buildings including, with Tryon, the 1897 [[Congregation Shearith Israel]], on [[Central Park West]], New York, to house the United States' oldest Jewish congregation, founded in 1654.<ref name=isjm>[http://isjm.best.vwh.net/Buildings/records/BR287.htm Congregation Shearith Israel] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070217113806/http://isjm.best.vwh.net/Buildings/records/BR287.htm |date=February 17, 2007 }}, Building Report, ''International Survey of Jewish Monuments''. Retrieved 3 April 2007.</ref> No attempt was made to convey an "eastern" vocabulary, as was often being done for other Jewish congregations: Brunner and Tryon provided a forthright Roman Baroque temple with a projecting three-bay center that contrasts with the windowless ashlar masonry flanking it and contains a recessed [[loggia]] entrance under three large arch-headed windows, articulated by a colossal order of Corinthian columns surmounted by a pediment over a paneled attic frieze.
==Notes==▼
{{reflist}}▼
Another synagogue designed by Brunner was [[Temple Israel of the City of New York|Temple Israel]] at 201 [[Lenox Avenue]], at [[120th Street (Manhattan)|120th Street]], in 1907.<ref name=Dunlap>{{cite fromatoz}}</ref>{{rp|270}} The limestone building was not designed in the typical [[Moorish Revival architecture|Moorish Revival]] style of other synagogues of the time; Brunner argued that "synagogues have no traditional lines of architectural expression".<ref name=Dunlap/>{{rp|152}} According to [[David W. Dunlap]], the building "looks like a [[Roman temple]] until you notice the [[Star of David|Stars of David]] in the [[Capital (architecture)|column capitals]], [[fanlight]]s, and [[spandrel]] panels",<ref name=Dunlap/>{{rp|152}} and "may rank as the single best [[Neoclassical architecture|Neoclassical]] synagogue in Manhattan".<ref name=Dunlap/>{{rp|270}}
[[Students' Hall]] at [[Barnard College]] was built in 1916 and listed on the [[National Register of Historic Places]] in 2003.<ref name="nris">{{NRISref|version=2009a}}</ref>
▲Brunner also designed
Brunner designed a [[bascule bridge]] over the [[Maumee River]] in [[Toledo, Ohio]], that remains in use today, as the [[Martin Luther King Bascule Bridge (Toledo, Ohio)|Martin Luther King Bridge]].<ref>
{{cite news
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=bpdEAQAAIAAJ&q=Cherry+Street
| title = The American city, Volume 11
| publisher = [[American City Magazine Corporation]]
| year = 1914
| access-date = 2012-05-22
| quote = The Ohio bridge was designed by Arnold W. Brunner, architect, and Ralph Modjeski, consulting engineer.
| page =
| author =
}}
</ref>
Brunner's design introduced an innovative design for keeping [[streetcar]] power lines taut, yet allowing them to be safely raised with the bridge deck.<ref>
{{cite book
| isbn =
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=xalMAAAAYAAJ&q=%22Lift+bridge%22+OR+%22bascule+bridge%22+%22Cherry+Street%22++Toledo
| title = Electric railway journal, Volume 42
| publisher = [[McGraw Hill]]
| year = 1913
| access-date = 2012-05-22
| quote = A novel arrangement for taking up slack in the trolley wire over a bascule bridge when the span is raised has been installed by the Toledo Railways & Light Company on the Cherry Street bridge at ...
| page = 967
| author =
}}
</ref> Other lift bridges copied this innovation.
{{clear left}}
==Gallery==
<gallery class=center mode=packed heights="150px">
File:Congregation Shearith Israel 001.JPG|[[Congregation Shearith Israel]], [[Central Park West]] and 70th Street, New York (1897)
File:Old Federal Building and Post Office, Cleveland.jpg|Brunner's 1910 Federal Building in downtown [[Cleveland, Ohio]]
File:Cherry Street Bridge, Toledo crop.JPG|Brunner designed this [[bascule bridge]] over the [[Maumee River]] in [[Toledo, Ohio]]
File:Asser Levy Recreation Center.jpg|The [[Public Baths (Manhattan)|Public Baths]] (1904-1906) in [[Manhattan]] at Asser Levy Place and [[23rd Street (Manhattan)|23rd Street]], designed by Brunner with [[William Martin Aiken|Martin Aiken]]
</gallery>
==References==
▲{{reflist|2}}
==External links==
*''Jewish Encyclopedia'': [https://jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/3770-brunner-arnold-william "Brunner, Arnold William"] by Cyrus Adler (1906).
*{{commons category-inline|Arnold W. Brunner}}
<!--spacing-->
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Brunner, Arnold}}
[[Category:19th-century American architects]]
[[Category:
[[Category:1857 births]]
[[Category:1925 deaths]]
[[Category:20th-century American architects]]
[[Category:American urban planners]]
[[Category:National Academy of Design members]]
[[Category:Fellows of the American Institute of Architects]]
[[Category:Massachusetts Institute of Technology alumni]]
[[Category:Members of the American Academy of Arts and Letters]]
| |||