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The '''Institutional Analysis and Development framework''' ('''IAD''') is a theoretical framework for investigating how people ("actors") interact with [[Common-pool resource|common-pool resources]] (CPRs). CPRs are economic goods which are rivalrous (i.e. one person's use reduces the ability of others to use) and non-excludable (i.e. it's impractical to prevent people accessing it) - examples include forests as a source of timber, or fields as a source of pasture.
It was developed by [[Elinor Ostrom]], an American [[political scientist]] and the first woman to receive the [[Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences]] in 2009.<ref>[[Elinor Ostrom|Ostrom, Elinor]]. (1990) ''Governing the Commons: The Evolution of Institutions for Collective Action''. New York: Cambridge University.</ref> Ostrom researched which institutional structures supported CPR actors to sustainably use their resources, balancing individuals' use with the interest of a wider public. Under [[Rational choice theory|rational choice]] assumptions, the IAD was devised in an attempt to ''explain and predict'' outcomes by formally exploring and documenting governance structures, actors' positions, and informal and formal rules. Thus, the IAD is a [[Systematic sampling|systematic method]] to document policy analysis functions similar to [[analytical technique|analytic technique]] commonly used in [[Physical science|physical]] and [[social science]]s to understand how institutions operate and change over a period of time.<ref name="indiana">{{cite web|author1=Michael D. McGinnis|title=
== Components of the framework ==
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