Human-based computation: Difference between revisions

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Latest revision as of 11:36, 26 August 2025

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A concept of the automatic [[Turing test]] pioneered by [[Moni Naor]] (1996)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.wisdom.weizmann.ac.il/~naor/PAPERS/human_abs.html |author=Naor, Moni |title=Verification of a human in the loop or Identification via the Turing Test |access-date=12 May 2021}}</ref> is another precursor of human-based computation. In Naor's test, the machine can control the access of humans and computers to a service by challenging them with a [[natural language processing]] (NLP) or [[computer vision]] (CV) problem to identify humans among them. The set of problems is chosen in a way that they have no algorithmic solution that is both effective and efficient at the moment. If it existed, such an algorithm could be easily performed by a computer, thus defeating the test. In fact, Moni Naor was modest by calling this an automated Turing test. The [[imitation game]] described by [[Alan Turing]] (1950) didn't propose using CV problems. It was only proposing a specific NLP task, while the Naor test identifies and explores a large [[AI-complete|class]] of problems, not necessarily from the ___domain of NLP, that could be used for the same purpose in both automated and non-automated versions of the test.

Finally, [[Human-based genetic algorithm]] (HBGA)<ref>{{cite book |chapter-url=https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/972056 |title=Human-based genetic algorithm |chapter=Human based genetic algorithm |year=2001 |doi=10.1109/ICSMC.2001.972056 |access-date=12 May 2022|last1=Kosorukoff |first1=A. |volume=5 |pages=3464–3469 |isbn=0-7803-7087-2 |s2cid=13839604 }}</ref> encourages human participation in multiple different roles. Humans are not limited to the role of evaluator or some other predefined role, but can choose to perform a more diverse set of tasks. In particular, they can contribute their innovative solutions into the evolutionary process, make incremental changes to existing solutions, and perform intelligent recombination.<ref>{{cite web |author=Fogarty |first1=Terence C. |last2=Hammond |first2=Michelle O. |title=Co-operative OuLiPian (Ouvroir de littérature potentielle) Generative Literature Using Human-Based Evolutionary Computing |url=http://gpbib.cs.ucl.ac.uk/gecco2005lbp/papers/56-hammond.pdf |access-date=12 May 2022}}</ref> In short, HBGA allows humans to participate in all operations of a typical [[genetic algorithm]]. As a result of this, HBGA can process solutions for which there are no computational innovation operators available, for example, natural languages. Thus, HBGA obviated the need for a fixed representational scheme that was a limiting factor of both standard and interactive EC.<ref>{{cite journal |url=https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/949485 |title=Interactive evolutionary computation: fusion of the capabilities of EC optimization and human evaluation, pp.&nbsp;1275-1296 |author=Takagi, Hideyuki |journal=Proceedings of the IEEE |date=September 2001 |volume=89 |issue=9 |pages=1275–1296 |doi=10.1109/5.949485 |hdl=2324/1670053 |s2cid=16929436 |access-date=12 May 2022|hdl-access=free }}</ref> These algorithms can also be viewed as novel forms of social organization coordinated by a computer, according to Alex Kosorukoff and David Goldberg.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://research.3form.com/alex/pub/gecco-2002-18.pdf |title=Evolutionary Computation as a Form of Organization, pp.&nbsp;965-972 |access-date=12 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110707063732/http://research.3form.com/alex/pub/gecco-2002-18.pdf |archive-date=7 July 2011 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Classes of human-based computation==