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=== Project tools ===
Some tools, knowledge and techniques for managing projects may be unique to project management - for example: [[work breakdown structure | work-breakdown structure]]s, [[critical path analysis | critical-path analysis]] and [[earned-value management]]. Understanding and applying the tools and techniques which are generally recognized{{cn|date=October 2024}} as good practices are not sufficient alone for effective project management. Effective project management requires that the project manager understands and uses the knowledge and skills from at least four areas of expertise.{{cn|date=October 2024}} Examples are [[PMBOK]], Application Area Knowledge: standards and regulations set forth by [[International Organization for Standardization | ISO]] for project management, General Management Skills and Project Environment Management<ref>PMBOK Guide Third Edition 2004 p.12</ref> There are many options for [[project-management software]] to assist in executing projects for project managers and any associated [[team]]s.
=== Project teams ===
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=== Risk ===
Most of the project-management issues that influence a project arise from [[risk]], which in turn arises from uncertainty.{{cn|date=October 2024}} Successful project managers focus on this as their main concern and attempt to reduce risk significantly,{{cn|date=October 2024}} often by adhering to a policy of [[open communication]], ensuring that project participants can voice their opinions and concerns.{{cn|date=October 2024}}
== Responsibilities ==
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=== Social science research project manager ===
Project managers in the field of [[social science]] have many of the same skills as their counterparts in the IT industry. For example, project managers for the [[2020 United States census|2020 United States Census]] followed program and project management policies, framework, and control processes for all projects established within the program. They managed projects designed as part of the program to produce [[official statistics]], such as projects in [[systems engineering]], [[Questionnaire construction|questionnaire design]], [[Sampling (statistics)|sampling]], [[data collection]], and public communications.<ref>{{Cite web |title=2020 Census Operational Plan and Detailed Operational Plans |url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census/decade/2020/planning-management/plan/op-plans.html |access-date=2023-12-02 |website=Census.gov}}</ref> Project managers of [[qualitative research]] studies must also manage scope, schedule, and cost related to research design, participant recruitment, interviewing, reporting, as well as stakeholder engagement.<ref>{{Cite journal |
== See also ==
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