Content deleted Content added
→History: Since 1980, our company has been providing structural engineering services across the country. Reasonable prices, consistency, and attention to detail set us apart from the rest. We take the time to explain all issues and solutions in layman’s terms, when necessary. Tags: Reverted Visual edit |
Deltaspace42 (talk | contribs) m Reverted 1 edit by Mhiztar sliver (talk) to last revision by 75.128.4.144 |
||
| (8 intermediate revisions by 8 users not shown) | |||
Line 19:
No record exists of the first calculations of the strength of structural members or the behavior of structural material, but the profession of a structural engineer only really took shape with the Industrial Revolution and the re-invention of concrete (see [[Concrete#History|History of Concrete]]). The physical sciences underlying structural engineering began to be understood in the Renaissance and have since developed into computer-based applications pioneered in the 1970s.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.structuremag.org/downloads/pulse-release-ETABS-receives-Top-Seismic-product-5-24-06.pdf |title=ETABS receives "Top Seismic Product of the 20th Century" Award |year=2006 |work=Press Release |publisher=Structure Magazine |access-date=April 20, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121127130531/http://www.structuremag.org/downloads/pulse-release-ETABS-receives-Top-Seismic-product-5-24-06.pdf |archive-date=November 27, 2012 }}</ref>
===Timeline===
Line 129 ⟶ 123:
Civil engineering structures are often subjected to very extreme forces, such as large variations in temperature, dynamic loads such as waves or traffic, or high pressures from water or compressed gases. They are also often constructed in corrosive environments, such as at sea, in industrial facilities, or below ground.
===Mechanical engineering structures===
The forces which parts of a machine are subjected to can vary significantly and can do so at a great rate. The forces which a boat or aircraft are subjected to vary enormously and will do so thousands of times over the structure's lifetime. The structural design must ensure that such structures can endure such loading for their entire design life without failing.
Line 202 ⟶ 196:
Columns are elements that carry only axial force (compression) or both axial force and bending (which is technically called a beam-column but practically, just a column). The design of a column must check the axial capacity of the element and the buckling capacity.
The [[buckling]] capacity is the capacity of the element to withstand the propensity to buckle. Its capacity depends upon its geometry, material, and the effective length of the column, which depends upon the restraint conditions at the top and bottom of the column. The effective length is <math>K*l</math> where <math>l</math> is the real length of the column and K is the factor dependent on the restraint conditions.
The capacity of a column to carry axial load depends on the degree of bending it is subjected to, and vice versa. This is represented on an interaction chart and is a complex non-linear relationship.
Line 231 ⟶ 225:
{{Main|Plate (structure)}}
Plates carry bending in two directions. A concrete flat slab is an example of a plate.
They can also be designed with yield line theory, where an assumed collapse mechanism is analyzed to give an upper bound on the collapse load. This technique is used in practice<ref>{{cite web |title=Assessment of a Pair of Reinforced Concrete Roof Slabs |url=http://www.ramsay-maunder.co.uk/downloads/precast_roof_slabs.pdf |website=Ramsay-Maunder.co.uk |publisher=Ramsay Maunder Associates |date=2011 |access-date=2022-03-08 }}</ref> but because the method provides an upper-bound (i.e. an unsafe prediction of the collapse load) for poorly conceived collapse mechanisms, great care is needed to ensure that the assumed collapse mechanism is realistic.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ramsay-maunder.co.uk/downloads/l_shaped_landing.pdf |title=Reappraisal of a Simply Supported Landing Slab |website=Ramsay-Maunder.co.uk |publisher=Ramsay Maunder Associates |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304071038/http://www.ramsay-maunder.co.uk/downloads/l_shaped_landing.pdf |date=2011 |archive-date=2016-03-04 |access-date=2022-03-08 }}</ref>
Line 288 ⟶ 282:
* [[List of bridge disasters]]
* [[List of structural engineers]]
* [[List of structural engineering software]]
* [[Mechanical engineering]]
* [[Nanostructure]]
| |||