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{{short description|Association football club in Glasgow, Scotland}}
{{About|the men's football club|the women's team|Rangers W.F.C.}}
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{{Infobox football club
| image = Rangers_FC.svg
| upright = 0.85
| fullname = Rangers Football Club
| nickname = The Gers<br />The Light Blues<br />The Teddy Bears
| clubname = Rangers
| founded = {{Start date and age|df=yes|1872|3}}
| owner = [[Ownership of Rangers F.C.|The Rangers Football Club Ltd]]<ref>[http://companycheck.co.uk/company/SC425159/THE-RANGERS-FOOTBALL-CLUB-LIMITED THE RANGERS FOOTBALL CLUB LIMITED Company No. SC425159] Companies House. Retrieved 1 July 2019.</ref>
| chairman = Andrew Cavenagh
| ground = [[Ibrox Stadium]]
| capacity = 51,700<ref>{{cite web|url=https://assets.ctfassets.net/39646iezddpk/2M8G2xqxpAyO9VY1Tiwgoa/eda08235c3bc0f6f77c9343c0f61f31b/Rangers_Reports_and_Accounts_2024.pdf|title=Rangers International Football Club PLC Annual Report & Accounts 2024|publisher=Rangers.co.uk|access-date=29 October 2024}}</ref>
| manager = [[Russell Martin (footballer)|Russell Martin]]
| mgrtitle = Head coach
| league = {{Scottish football updater|Rangers}}
| season = {{Scottish football updater|Rangers2}}
| position = {{Scottish football updater|Rangers3}}
| current = 2025–26 Rangers F.C. season
| website = {{URL|https://www.rangers.co.uk/|rangers.co.uk}}
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'''Rangers Football Club''' is a professional [[Association football|football]] club in [[Glasgow]], Scotland. The team competes in the [[Scottish Premiership]], the top division of [[Scottish football league system|Scottish football]]. The club is often referred to as '''Glasgow Rangers''', though this has never been its official name.<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/4308623/2023/03/16/sporting-lisbon-athletic-bilbao-wrong-name/ From Sporting Lisbon to Athletic Bilbao — why do we get foreign clubs' names wrong?], Michael Cox, The Athletic, 16 March 2023.</ref> The fourth-oldest football club in Scotland, Rangers was founded by four teenage boys as they walked through West End Park (now [[Kelvingrove Park]]), in March 1872, where they discussed the idea of forming a football club, and played its first match against the now-defunct [[Callander F.C.|Callander]] at the Fleshers' Haugh area of [[Glasgow Green]] in May of the same year. Rangers' home ground, [[Ibrox Stadium]], designed by stadium architect [[Archibald Leitch]] and opened in 1929, is a [[Listed building|Category B listed building]] and [[List of football stadiums in Scotland|Scotland's third-largest football stadium]]. The club has always played in [[royal blue]] shirts.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://historicalkits.co.uk/Scottish_Football_League/Rangers/Rangers.htm|title=Rangers – Historical Kits|publisher=Historicalkits.co.uk|access-date=4 July 2019}}</ref>
Rangers have won the Scottish League title a joint-record 55 times, the [[Scottish Cup]] 34 times, the [[Scottish League Cup]] a record 28 times and the domestic [[Treble (association football)|treble]] on seven occasions. Rangers won the [[UEFA Cup Winners' Cup|European Cup Winners' Cup]] in [[1972 European Cup Winners' Cup final|1972]] after being losing finalists twice, in [[1961 European Cup Winners' Cup final|1961]] (the first British club to reach a [[UEFA]] tournament final) and [[1967 European Cup Winners' Cup final|1967]]. The club has lost a further two European finals; they reached the [[UEFA Europa League|UEFA Cup]] Final in [[2008 UEFA Cup final|2008]] and a fourth runners-up finish in European competition came in the [[UEFA Europa League]] Final in [[2022 UEFA Europa League final|2022]]. By number of trophies won, Rangers are [[List of football clubs by competitive honours won|one of the most successful clubs in the world]].
Rangers has a long-standing rivalry with [[Celtic F.C.|Celtic]], the two Glasgow clubs being collectively known as the [[Old Firm]], which is considered one of the world's biggest football derbies.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.eveningtimes.co.uk/sport/other_football/15149515.Passion__pride__tradition_and_nastiness__Why_Old_Firm_match_is_greatest_derby_in_the_world/|title=Passion, pride, tradition and nastiness: Why Old Firm match is greatest derby in the world|work=Evening Times|date=11 March 2017|access-date=12 June 2017}}</ref><ref name="FIFA">{{cite web |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180326141358/https://www.fifa.com/news/y=2009/m=2/news=old-firm-enduring-appeal-1023776.html|archive-date=26 March 2018|url=https://www.fifa.com/classicfootball/clubs/rivalries/newsid=1023776/index.html |title=Classic Rivalries: Old Firm's enduring appeal |publisher=[[FIFA]] |date=16 April 2016|access-date=31 July 2018}}</ref> Both clubs have historically been emblematic of [[sectarianism in Glasgow]], with Rangers and its fanbase being associated with [[Protestantism]] and [[Unionism in Ireland|Irish unionism]], with Rangers having historically had a policy until the 1970s of [[Rangers F.C. signing policy|refusing to sign Catholic players]]. With more than 600 Rangers supporters' clubs in 35 countries worldwide, Rangers has one of the largest fanbases in world football.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://rangers.co.uk/fans/supporters-clubs/|title=Supporters Clubs|website=Rangers Football Club, Official Website|language=en-GB|access-date=2020-04-12}}</ref> The club holds the record for the largest travelling support in football history, when an estimated 200,000 Rangers fans arrived in the city of Manchester for the [[2008 UEFA Cup final]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/manchester/content/articles/2008/05/15/150508_rangers_invasion_feature.shtml|title=Rangers invasion: your views|access-date=17 December 2019|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150925071448/http://www.bbc.co.uk/manchester/content/articles/2008/05/15/150508_rangers_invasion_feature.shtml|archive-date=25 September 2015|publisher=British Broadcasting Corporation|date=15 May 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/news/scottish-news/175000-strong-rangers-support-the-biggest-in-world-977339|title=175,000-strong Rangers support the biggest in world football|work=Daily Record|date=15 May 2008|first=Keith|last=McLeod|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191217180033/https://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/news/scottish-news/175000-strong-rangers-support-the-biggest-in-world-977339|archive-date=17 December 2019|access-date=17 December 2019}}</ref> Rangers also took the largest-ever travelling support abroad when an estimated 100,000 fans arrived in Seville for the [[2022 UEFA Europa League final]].<ref name="bbc.co.uk">{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-61471267|title=Rangers in Seville: Police say 100,000 fans expected|work=BBC|date=17 May 2022|access-date=5 July 2022}}</ref>
One of the eleven original members of the [[Scottish Football League]],<ref>{{cite book|last1=Gammelsæter|first1=Hallgeir|last2=Senaux|first2=Benoit|title=The Organisation and Governance of Top Football Across Europe|date=2011|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-136-70533-5|pages=48|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=e2usAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA48|access-date=16 November 2015}}</ref> Rangers remained in the top division continuously until [[Administration and liquidation of the Rangers Football Club plc|a financial crisis]] during the [[2011–12 Scottish Premier League|2011–12 season]] saw the club enter [[Administration (British football)|administration]]<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-glasgow-west-17026172|title= Rangers Football Club enters administration| publisher=BBC |date= 12 February 2012 |access-date=28 March 2020}}</ref> and the original company liquidated<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2015/jan/18/how-the-mighty-glasgow-rangers-have-fallen|title=How the mighty Glasgow Rangers have fallen|work=The Guardian|date=18 January 2015|access-date=16 September 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/18407309|title=Rangers to re-form after creditors' deal is rejected|publisher=BBC|date=12 June 2012|access-date=7 September 2019}}</ref> with the assets moved to a new company structure.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://beta.companieshouse.gov.uk/company/SC425159|title=The Rangers Football Club Limited|publisher=Companies House|access-date=24 August 2019}}</ref> The club was accepted as an associate member of the Scottish Football League and placed in the fourth tier of the [[Scottish football league system]] in time for the start of the following season. Rangers then won three promotions in four years, returning to the Premiership for the start of the [[2016–17 Scottish Premiership|2016–17 season]]; in their climb through the Scottish lower divisions, Rangers became the only club in Scotland to have won every domestic trophy. In [[2020–21 Scottish Premiership|2020–21]] Rangers won their first Scottish championship in ten years, a then world record fifty-fifth league win which also stopped rivals Celtic's quest to break the domestic record of ten titles in a row.
{{TOC limit|3}}
==History==
{{Main|History of Rangers F.C.}}
{{see also|List of Rangers F.C. seasons|Rangers F.C. Hall of Fame}}
===Formation, early years and William Wilton===
[[File:Rangers FC Gallant Pioneers.jpg|thumb|alt=The 1877 Scottish Cup Final Rangers team|The 1877 Scottish Cup Final Rangers team]]
Rangers were formed by four founders – brothers [[Moses McNeil]] and [[Peter McNeil (footballer)|Peter McNeil]], [[Peter Campbell (Rangers footballer)|Peter Campbell]] and [[William McBeath]] – who met at West End Park (now known as [[Kelvingrove Park]]) in March 1872. Rangers' first match, in May that year, was a goalless friendly draw with [[Callander F.C.|Callander]] on [[Glasgow Green]]. [[David Hill (Rangers footballer)|David Hill]] was also a founder member.<ref>{{cite book|title=Scotland Who's Who: International Players 1872–2013|author=Paul Smith|publisher=Pitch Publishing|year=2013|page=126}}</ref> In 1873, the club held its first annual meeting and staff were elected.<ref name="Founded 1872">{{cite web|url=http://uk.eurosport.yahoo.com/blogs/world-of-sport/45-000-see-rangers-face-blokes-coming-off-153126585.html|title=45,000 to see Rangers face blokes coming off night shift|work=Eurosport|publisher=Yahoo!|date=17 August 2012|access-date=18 August 2012|quote=Founded: 1872<br />Biggest win: 10–0 v Hibernian 1898<br />Most appearances: John Greig 755 (1960–1978)|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120818000246/http://uk.eurosport.yahoo.com/blogs/world-of-sport/45-000-see-rangers-face-blokes-coming-off-153126585.html|archive-date=18 August 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Official meeting 1873">{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-glasgow-west-15307021|title=The on-field history of Rangers Football Club 1873–2012|work=BBC News|date=14 February 2012|access-date=18 August 2012|quote=The club's origins date back to 1872 when Moses McNeil, his brother Peter, Peter Campbell and William McBeath formed their own team in Glasgow.<br />The name Rangers was adopted from an English rugby club and the first game, against Callander FC, ended 0–0. The club's official beginning came to be recognised as 1873, when the first annual general meeting was held.<br />By the time of the first Scottish Football League season in 1890, Rangers had arrived at their current home of Ibrox, in the south east of Glasgow, via Burnbank and Kinning Park.<br />Rangers finished joint top of the league with Dumbarton, and after a play-off ended 2–2, a decision was taken to share the title.<br />This was the only time the league has ever been shared, and it marked the first senior honour for Rangers.<br />Rangers won the Scottish Cup for the first time in 1894, beating Celtic 3–1<br />Three years later, the club recorded their first ever Scottish Cup win, beating Celtic 3–1 in the 1894 final.<br />Rangers won the trophy again in 1897 and 1898 with victories over Dumbarton and Kilmarnock.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120302040857/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-glasgow-west-15307021|archive-date=2 March 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> By 1876, Rangers had its first [[List of Rangers F.C. international footballers|international player]], with Moses McNeil representing [[Scotland national football team|Scotland]] in a match against [[Wales national football team|Wales]].<ref name="Rangers first Scottish international player">{{cite web|url=http://www.helensburghheroes.com/heroes/moses_mcneil|title=Co founder of Glasgow Rangers Football Club, Rangers and Scotland Footballer – a true Footballing Pioneer|work=Helensburgh Heroes|publisher=helensburghheroes.com|access-date=23 December 2012|quote=McNeil won two caps for Scotland, the first Ranger to represent his country, the first on 25 March 1876 in a 4–0 win over Wales and the second on 13 March 1880 in a 5–4 win over England, in which he played alongside his brother, Henry. Henry McNeil won a total of 10 caps for his country and scored 5 goals.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130125001733/http://www.helensburghheroes.com/heroes/moses_mcneil|archive-date=25 January 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> In 1877, Rangers reached the Scottish Cup final; after drawing the first game, Rangers refused to turn up for the replay and the cup was awarded to [[Vale of Leven F.C.|Vale of Leven]]. Rangers won the [[Glasgow Charity Cup]] the following year against Vale of Leven 2–1, their first major cup.<ref name="Rangers History">{{cite web|url=http://www.eveningtimes.co.uk/rangers/history|title=Rangers History|work=Evening Times|access-date=20 January 2013|quote=Rangers were born in March 1872, after a group of teenage rowing enthusiasts watched a game of football in Glasgow Green. Brothers Peter and Moses McNeil and Peter Campbell and William McBeath got their heads together to give rise to the club, who played just two matches in their first year.<br />It is believed that Moses McNeil suggested the name 'Rangers' after seeing it in a book about English rugby. The club played their first game in May 1872 at Flecher's Haugh in Glasgow Green against Callander, a match that ended in a 0–0 draw.<br /> Rangers was officially founded in 1873 as that was the year they elected office bearers. The club first donned blue shirts in their second game, against Clyde (not the present-day club), and won it 11–0.<br />Five years after their founding, Rangers made it to their first major cup final against Vale of Leven. The game was played at First Hampden Park and finished 1–1, so a replay beckoned. Rangers refused to turn up for the replay and Vale were awarded the cup. The teams met the following year in the Charity Cup. Rangers won 2–1 and the Glasgow Merchants' Charity Cup was the first major trophy to be won by the team.<br />The 1890–91 season saw the inception of the Scottish Football League, and Rangers were one of ten original members. Rangers' first ever league match took place on 16 August 1890 and resulted in a 5–2 victory over Hearts. After finishing equal-top with Dumbarton, a play-off was held at Cathkin Park to decide the champions. The match finished 2–2 and the title was shared for the only time in its history – the first of Rangers' 55 championships.|archive-date=17 January 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130117065523/http://www.eveningtimes.co.uk/rangers/history|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>[https://www.electricscotland.com/history/sport/football/chapter20.htm Chapter XX.—Queen's Park and Glasgow Charity cup], History of the Queen's Park Football Club 1867 – 1917, Richard Robinson (1920), via Electric Scotland</ref> The first-ever match against [[Celtic F.C.|Celtic]] took place in 1888, the year after the East End club's establishment. Rangers lost 5–2 in a friendly to an opposition composed largely of guest players from [[Hibernian F.C.|Hibernian]].<ref name="First old firm match">{{cite web|url=http://www.football-soccer-camps.com/glasgow-rangers-training.htm|title=Summer Soccer & Football Camps train with the best teams in world football|publisher=football-soccer-camps.com|access-date=20 December 2012|quote=After joining, Rangers finally reached their first final of the Scottish Cup in 1877 but were not victorious.<br /> The eternal rivalry, known as the Old Firm, between the two Glaswegian city teams, Rangers and Celtic has been ongoing since the first Old Firm match in 1888, in which Rangers lost 5–2 in a friendly against the Celtic team which was largely made up of "guest players" from Hibernians.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130620144003/http://www.football-soccer-camps.com/glasgow-rangers-training.htm|archive-date=20 June 2013|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Celtic 5 – 2 Rangers">{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/scotland/sportscotland/asportingnation/article/0003/|title=The Founding of Celtic Football Club 1888|publisher=BBC Scotland|date=November 2005|access-date=3 January 2013|quote=It would be over six months later before the newly-constituted Celtic club played its first ever match, on 28 May 1888 which resulted in a 5–2 win over Rangers, in what was called a 'friendly match'.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130914093144/http://www.bbc.co.uk/scotland/sportscotland/asportingnation/article/0003/|archive-date=14 September 2013|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Early years">{{cite web|url=http://www.rangers.co.uk/index.php/club/history/club-history/item/499-founding-fathers|title=The Founding Fathers|publisher=Rangers F.C.|access-date=24 August 2012|quote=All those championships and cups would never have found their way into the Ibrox Trophy Room but for that encounter between Peter McNeil, his brother Moses, Peter Campbell and William McBeath.<br />Their first match was an unlikely affair against Callander FC at Flesher's Haugh on Glasgow Green.<br />...<br />The result was 0–0, but that didn't matter. Rangers had been born.<br />The name Rangers was adopted from an English rugby club. By their second fixture – the only other they played that first year – they had donned the light blue. It must have done the trick – Rangers beat Clyde 11–0.<br />In season 1875–76 they moved to [[Burnbank Park]] and towards the end of that season Rangers had their first international; Moses McNeil, one of the four founders, who made his Scotland debut in a 4–0 victory over Wales.<br />The following year Rangers made the breakthrough reaching their first Scottish Cup Final. It took three matches to find a winner, and sadly it was their opponents Vale of Leven. After two drawn games, 0–0 and 1–1, Rangers finally succumbed 3–2 in the second replay.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130522090924/http://www.rangers.co.uk/index.php/club/history/club-history/item/499-founding-fathers|archive-date=22 May 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref>
[[File:RangersFC League Performance.svg|thumb|250px|Chart of Rangers yearly table positions in League play]]
The [[1890–91 in Scottish football|1890–91 season]] saw the inception of the Scottish Football League, and Rangers, by then playing at the first Ibrox Stadium, were one of ten original members. The club's first-ever league match, on 16 August 1890, resulted in a 5–2 victory over [[Heart of Midlothian F.C.|Heart of Midlothian]]. After finishing joint-top with [[Dumbarton F.C.|Dumbarton]], a play-off held at [[Cathkin Park]] finished 2–2 and the title was shared for the only time in its history. Rangers' first-ever Scottish Cup win came in 1894 after a 3–1 final victory over rivals Celtic. By the start of the 20th century, Rangers had won two league titles and three Scottish Cups.<ref name="Official meeting 1873" /><ref name="Rangers History" /><ref name="Rangers honours">{{cite web|url=http://www.scottishfootballleague.com/club/rangers/|title=Rangers|publisher=Scottish Football League|date=July 2014|access-date=31 July 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120817225904/http://www.scottishfootballleague.com/club/rangers|archive-date=17 August 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Rangers uefa page">{{cite web|url=https://www.uefa.com/nationalassociations/teams/50121--rangers/|title=Rangers FC|publisher=UEFA|date=30 December 2010|access-date=19 August 2012|quote=Founded by brothers Moses and Peter McNeil, Peter Campbell and William McBeath, Rangers shared their first championship with Dumbarton FC in 1890/91 then beat Celtic FC 3–1 to win their first Scottish Cup in 1894, clinching their first title outright by winning every game of the 1898/99 campaign.<br />William Struth's 34 years as manager from 1920 onwards ushered in the club's first golden era; Rangers won 18 league championships, ten Scottish Cups and two Scottish League Cups under Struth, including Scotland's first domestic treble in the 1948/49 season.<br />In 1961, Rangers became the first British club to reach the final of a UEFA competition when they got to the UEFA Cup Winners' Cup final only to lose 4–1 on aggregate to ACF Fiorentina; they lost 1–0 to FC Bayern München in the final of the same competition six years later before finally lifting the trophy in 1972 when beating FC Dinamo Moskva 3–2 at the Camp Nou.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121124095143/http://www.uefa.com/teamsandplayers/teams/club=50121/profile/index.html|archive-date=24 November 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> During [[William Wilton]]'s time as match secretary and then team manager, Rangers won ten league titles.
===
Taking over as manager after William Wilton's death in 1920, [[Bill Struth]] was Rangers' most successful manager, guiding the club to 14 league titles before the onset of the [[Second World War]]. On 2 January 1939, a British league attendance record was broken as 118,567 fans turned out to watch Rangers beat Celtic in the traditional New Year's Day [[Old Firm]] match.<ref name="Record attendance">{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/2346330/A-lot-of-bottle-in-Old-Firm-duels.html|title=A lot of bottle in Old Firm duels|work=The Daily Telegraph|date=22 September 2006|access-date=24 August 2012|author=Forsyth, Roddy|quote=The record Old Firm gate at a club ground was set on 2 Jan 1939 by a crowd of 118,567 at Ibrox.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131208192622/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/2346330/A-lot-of-bottle-in-Old-Firm-duels.html|archive-date=8 December 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> Leading the club for 34 years until 1954, Struth won more trophies than any manager in Scottish Football history, amassing 18 league championships, 10 Scottish Cups, two League Cups, seven war-time championships, 19 Glasgow Cups, 17 Glasgow Merchant Charity Cups and other war-time honours.<ref name="Founded 1872" /><ref name="Wilton and struth">{{cite web|url=http://www.rangers.co.uk/index.php/club/history/club-history/item/506-the-dominant-force|publisher=Rangers F.C.|title=The Dominant Force|quote=Sadly, Wilton was not to enjoy this extraordinary success which saw Rangers take the title 15 times in 21 seasons.<br />With the Championship back at Ibrox, Wilton – the club's first manager – died the day after the last game of the season in May 1920, drowning in a boating accident.<br />Struth, who was appointed his successor, lived to become a legend. He managed the club for 34 years, winning a glittering array of trophies – 18 League Championships, 10 Scottish Cups and two League Cups.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130522065218/http://www.rangers.co.uk/index.php/club/history/club-history/item/506-the-dominant-force|archive-date=22 May 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref> During the wartime regional league setup (in which the team won all seven seasons, along with official championships either side of the conflict in 1938–39 and 1946–47), Rangers achieved their highest score against Celtic with an 8–1 win in the [[Southern Football League (Scotland)|Southern Football League]].<ref name="Record old firm result">{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/blog/2011/dec/30/joy-of-six-new-year-fixtures|title=The Joy of Six: new year football fixtures|work=The Guardian|date=30 December 2011|access-date=6 January 2013|author=Murray, Scott|quote=The humiliated Rangers boss that day was Scot Symon, so it is with a pleasing symmetry that Symon was a player in the other record victory in an Old Firm match. Because while Celtic's 7–1 win is the biggest win in official competition, Rangers went one better in an unofficial wartime Scottish Southern League ne'erday game between the two rivals in 1943. An Ibrox crowd of just over 30,000 watched a strong Rangers side including Symon, George Young and the legendary winger Willie Waddell rattle up an 8–1 victory.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120218223906/http://www.guardian.co.uk/sport/blog/2011/dec/30/joy-of-six-new-year-fixtures|archive-date=18 February 2012|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>[https://www.scotsman.com/sport/football/celtic/rangers-dominated-wartime-football-should-their-titles-be-recognised-record-books-2504693?amp Rangers dominated wartime football but should their titles be recognised in the record books?], The Scotsman, 21 March 2020.</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/sport/football/football-news/rangers-supporters-campaign-world-war-10952292|title=Rangers supporters campaign for World War Two titles to be recognised by SFA and SPFL|author=Record Sport Online|date=8 August 2017|website=Daily Record|access-date=17 December 2020}}</ref>
[[Scot Symon]] continued Struth's success, winning six league championships, five Scottish Cups and four League Cups, becoming the second manager to win the domestic treble in [[1963–64 in Scottish football|1963–64 season]], the era of [[Jim Baxter|'Slim' Jim Baxter]], one of the club's greatest players.<ref name="Scot symon">{{cite web|url=http://www.in.com/scot-symon/profile-249707.html|title=About Scot Symon|publisher=in.com|access-date=20 December 2012|quote=He returned to Rangers just one year later where he would steer them to six league championships. He also took Rangers into European football for the first time reaching two Cup Winners Cup finals which was a fine achievement by losing in both finals|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131101085803/http://www.in.com/scot-symon/profile-249707.html|archive-date=1 November 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Rangers greats baxter">{{cite web|url=http://bleacherreport.com/articles/1010809-top-10-rangers-players-of-all-time/page/9|title=Top 10 Glasgow Rangers Players of All Time|work=Bleacher Report|date=5 January 2012|access-date=23 December 2012|author=Stone, Colin|pages=2–11|quote=Regarded as one of Scotland's greatest ever players, Jim Baxter can also be counted amongst the Rangers' greats for his terrific achievements in the '60s.<br />"Slim Jim" joined the club in 1960 for £17,500, a record at the time, and went on to win 10 trophies in the five years he spent in Scotland.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130527044149/http://bleacherreport.com/articles/1010809-top-10-rangers-players-of-all-time/page/9|archive-date=27 May 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> Rangers also lost by their biggest Old Firm margin of 7–1.<ref name="Record old firm result" />
Rangers reached the semi-finals of the [[UEFA Champions League|European Cup]] in 1960, losing to German club [[Eintracht Frankfurt]] by a record aggregate 12–4 for a Scottish team.<ref name="Record aggregate european lose">{{Cite web|date=2002-05-15|title=Hampden dazzled by white magic|url=http://www.theguardian.com/football/2002/may/15/championsleague.sport|access-date=2021-02-10|website=The Guardian|language=en}}</ref> In 1961 Rangers became the first British team to reach a European final when they contested the Cup Winners' Cup final against Italian side [[ACF Fiorentina|Fiorentina]], only to lose 4–1 on aggregate.<ref name="Rangers first british side in european final">{{cite web|url=http://www.culturewars.org.uk/2001-7/hampden.htm|title='And the cry was "No Defenders"' The Museum of Scottish Football at Hampden Park, Glasgow|work=Culture Wars|publisher=Institute of Ideas|access-date=23 August 2012|author=Baird, Stuart|quote=Rangers were the first British team to reach a European final in 1961|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131002010054/http://www.culturewars.org.uk/2001-7/hampden.htm|archive-date=2 October 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> Rangers lost again in the final of the same competition in 1967, by a single goal, after extra time, to [[FC Bayern Munich|Bayern Munich]].<ref name="Rangers uefa page" />
===Ibrox disaster, European success and Jock Wallace===
[[File:Johngreig.jpg|thumb|160 px|alt=The Ibrox Disaster memorial statue, commemorating the 1971 tragedy|The Ibrox Disaster memorial statue, commemorating the 1971 tragedy along with previous disasters]]
The [[1971 Ibrox disaster|Ibrox disaster]] occurred on 2 January 1971 when [[Crush syndrome|large-scale crushing]] on a stairway exit at the culmination of an Old Firm game claimed 66 lives. An enquiry concluded that the crush was likely to have happened ten minutes after the final whistle and to have been triggered by someone falling on the stairs.<ref name="Ibrox disaster">{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1312971/Thousands-pay-tribute-to-victims-of-Ibrox-disaster.html|title=Thousands pay tribute to victims of Ibrox disaster|work=The Daily Telegraph|date=19 June 2001|author=Womersley, Tara|quote=David Murray, the chairman of Rangers, yesterday unveiled a bronze statue of John Greig, the captain who led his team against Celtic on the day of the accident. The statue lists the names of those who died in 1971 and 25 fans killed when wooden terraces collapsed during a match between Scotland and England in 1902. Mr Greig then laid a wreath at the plinth of the statue.<br />...<br />An inquiry, however, later discounted the theory and said that the crush was likely to have happened 10 minutes after the final whistle and to have been triggered by someone falling on the stairs.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131212035423/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1312971/Thousands-pay-tribute-to-victims-of-Ibrox-disaster.html|archive-date=12 December 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> A [[Benefit (sports)|benefit match]] to raise funds for the victims' families took place after the disaster, a joint Rangers and Celtic team playing a Scotland XI at Hampden, watched by 81,405 fans.<ref name="Old Firm versus Scotrland XI">{{cite web|url=http://www.celticprogrammesonline.com/PROGRAMME%20COVERS/7071/scotlandXI/scotlandXI7071h.htm|title=Scotland XI vs Rangers/Celtic Select Official Programme of the Match|publisher=celticprogrammesonline.com|date=27 January 1971|access-date=17 August 2012|quote=Attendance: 81,405|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130520191621/http://www.celticprogrammesonline.com/PROGRAMME%20COVERS/7071/scotlandXI/scotlandXI7071h.htm|archive-date=20 May 2013|url-status=live}}</ref>
In 1972, Rangers emerged from the tragedy of the previous year to finally achieve success on the European stage. A [[Colin Stein]] goal and a [[Willie Johnston]] double helped secure a 3–2 victory over [[FC Dynamo Moscow|Dynamo Moscow]] at the Nou Camp, Barcelona, to lift the [[UEFA Cup Winners' Cup|European Cup Winners' Cup]]. Captain John Greig received the trophy in a small room within the [[Camp Nou|Nou Camp]] following pitch invasions by Rangers fans reacting to the heavy handed tactics of the Spanish police, the majority of whom had been brought in from outwith Catalonia.<ref name="European cup winners cup win">{{cite news|url=http://www.scotsman.com/sport/destiny-awaits-ibrox-heroes-1-1433001|title=Destiny awaits Ibrox heroes|work=The Scotsman|date=10 May 2008|access-date=22 March 2009|quote=It is hard to take that after Celtic were able to celebrate as much as they liked in Lisbon, our club and supporters were denied a post-match presentation because the Spanish police completely misunderstood the fans' on-field invasion at the end.<br />I played with a stress fracture in my foot. A guy jumped on it late in the final and I ended up with another fracture on the other side, but the euphoria kept the pain away until I was called down to this little room to receive the trophy.<br />It all passed in a blur, but I hobbled down there in agony with our manager Willie Waddell and a UEFA delegate and, in this cramped corner covered in Barcelona memorabilia, the delegate handed me the trophy and basically said: "Here, take the cup Glasgow Rangers, now go away".<br />When I got back to the dressing room all my team-mates were either in the bath or out of it. I felt sorry they didn't get to parade the trophy – ultimately what we were playing for – and even sorrier for all those people who had a paid a lot of money to travel to the Nou Camp and see that.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130521042924/http://www.scotsman.com/sport/destiny-awaits-ibrox-heroes-1-1433001|archive-date=21 May 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> Rangers were banned from Europe for two years for the behaviour of their fans, later reduced on appeal to one year.<ref name="Fans riot after win">{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/scotland/sportscotland/asportingnation/article/0047/|title=Rangers triumph in Europe 1972|publisher=BBC Scotland|date=December 2005|access-date=20 December 2012|quote=Rangers were handed a two-year ban by UEFA for their fans' poor behaviour. Waddell succeeded in getting this reduced to one year, meaning Rangers could not defend their trophy. Waddell argued that the police had over-reacted, that the fans were drunk but not intent on violence, and that recent European finals had witnessed rejoicing Celtic, Bayern Munich and Ajax fans running on to the park and those occasions had been deemed acceptable.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121107021304/http://www.bbc.co.uk/scotland/sportscotland/asportingnation/article/0047/print.shtml|archive-date=7 November 2012|url-status=live}}</ref>
The following season saw the club compete in the first ever European Super Cup, although the European ban saw it officially recognised as Rangers centenary anniversary match. The side played the European Cup holders Ajax, who had first proposed the idea, in January 1973. The Dutch side proved too strong and recorded a 6–3 aggregate win, with Rangers losing 1–3 at Ibrox and 3–2 in Amsterdam.<ref name="Hist">{{cite web|url=http://www.uefa.com/competitions/supercup/history/index.html |title=UEFA Super Cup – History |publisher=[[UEFA]] |access-date=17 October 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081014203034/http://www.uefa.com/competitions/supercup/history/index.html |archive-date=14 October 2008 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
Emerging from the shadows of [[Jock Stein]]'s Celtic side, Rangers regained ascendancy with notable domestic success under the stewardship of manager [[Jock Wallace, Jr.|Jock Wallace]]. In his first season in charge – the club's [[Century|centenary]] – Rangers won the Scottish Cup at [[Hampden Park|Hampden]] in front of 122,714 supporters.<ref name="1973 scottish cup final">{{cite web|url=http://www.scottishfa.co.uk/football.cfm?page=1990|title=Scottish Cup History And Archives|publisher=Scottish Football Association|access-date=20 December 2012|quote=122,714 supporters packed into Hampden on 5 May 1973 for the Scottish Cup Final between Rangers and Celtic.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130102121716/http://www.scottishfa.co.uk/football.cfm?page=1990|archive-date=2 January 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref> In 1974–75, Wallace led Rangers to their first League championship triumph in 11 years, before winning the treble the following season, repeating the historic feat in 1977–78.<ref name="Jock wallace brings success after knocking rangers out in cup as a player">{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/obituary-jock-wallace-1330513.html|title=Obituary: Jock Wallace|work=The Independent|date=26 July 1996|access-date=20 December 2012|author=McKinney, David|author-link=David McKinney (journalist)|quote=Jock Wallace was a giant of Scottish football. No other description can do justice to the man who ended Celtic's domination of the game in the 1970s and who, as manager, led Rangers to two domestic trebles within three years, the Glasgow club winning the League title, the League Cup and the Scottish Cup.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121105060545/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/obituary-jock-wallace-1330513.html|archive-date=5 November 2012|url-status=live}}</ref>
John Greig served as manager for five years but was unable to achieve the success as a manager that he had as a player. Unable to win the league during his reign, he was replaced by Wallace returning in 1983. Wallace was unable to repeat the success of his first period in charge with a win ratio of less than 50%, and was himself replaced by [[Graeme Souness]] in 1986.
===Graeme Souness, Walter Smith and 9-in-a-row===
Every year from the [[1988–89 in Scottish football|1988–89]] season until the [[1988–89 in Scottish football|1996–97]] season, Rangers won the league title. This nine-in-a-row achievement equalled Celtic's record, set prior to the forming of the [[Scottish Football League Premier Division]], subsequent to which competing teams met four times a season. The first three of these seasons the club was managed by Graeme Souness; the latter six under the stewardship of [[Walter Smith]].<ref name="Paying for over spending">{{cite web|url=http://www.thefootypie.com/2012/02/19/rangers-paying-for-overspending-ways/|title=Rangers paying for overspending ways|work=The footy pie|date=February 2012|access-date=31 December 2012|quote=Graham Souness lead the side to their first two championships as player-manager before his assistant, Walter Smith, took the reign, claiming another seven titles to equal a record set by Jock Stein at Celtic in the 1960s and 70s.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130520235037/http://www.thefootypie.com/2012/02/19/rangers-paying-for-overspending-ways/|archive-date=20 May 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref>
Notable seasons included [[1990–91 Scottish Premier Division|1990–91]], which culminated in a last-day finale, Rangers securing a 2–0 victory at Ibrox over Aberdeen, who needed only a draw to secure the championship. Season [[1992–93 Scottish Premier Division|1992–93]] was notable for a [[Treble (association football)#Domestic trebles|domestic treble]] of trophies, as well an extended run in the inaugural UEFA Champions League, the club at one stage only one goal from securing a place in the final.<ref name="Champions league season 92-93">{{cite web|url=https://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/history/clubs/50121--rangers/|title=UEFA Champions League 1992/93: Rangers|publisher=UEFA|date=10 August 2011|access-date=26 August 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121018004704/http://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/season=1992/clubs/club=50121/matches/index.html|archive-date=18 October 2012|url-status=live}}</ref>
Rangers' ninth consecutive championship title was secured at [[Tannadice Park]] on 7 May 1997, with a single-goal victory over [[Dundee United F.C.|Dundee United]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.soccerbot.com/scot/results/sdprem97.htm|title=Scottish Premier Division 1996–97|access-date=17 August 2012|work=Soccorbot|publisher=soccerbot.com|date=27 June 2000|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130517145101/http://www.soccerbot.com/scot/results/sdprem97.htm|archive-date=17 May 2013|url-status=live}}</ref>
===Dick Advocaat, Alex McLeish and Paul Le Guen===
In 1998, Dutchman [[Dick Advocaat]] became the club's first foreign manager.<ref name="First foreign manager">{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/teams/r/rangers/7393259.stm|title=Advocaat's Rangers legacy|work=BBC Sport|date=13 May 2008|author=Campbell, Andy|access-date=6 August 2010|quote=When Dick Advocaat became the Rangers manager in 1998, it was a brave new dawn for the Ibrox club as chairman David Murray attempted to begin a new chapter in the club's history following Walter Smith's departure.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120508234855/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/teams/r/rangers/7393259.stm|archive-date=8 May 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> Nine-in-a-row era stalwarts having moved on, Advocaat invested heavily in the team with immediate results, leading the club to their sixth domestic treble. The league championship was won with a 3–0 victory at [[Celtic Park]] on 2 May 1999.<ref name="Champions again">{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sport/football/scottish_premier/334094.stm|work=BBC Sport|title=Rangers make history out of chaos|date=3 May 1999|access-date=20 December 2012|quote=Celtic 0–3 Rangers<br />Rangers created history by winning the title at Celtic Park in a stormy Old Firm game which saw referee Hugh Dallas injured by a missile thrown from the pitch.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121114041324/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/sport/football/scottish_premier/334094.stm|archive-date=14 November 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> A second-consecutive league title was won by a record 21-point margin,<ref name="Rangers can win the league">{{cite news|url=http://www.scotsman.com/sport/when-rangers-can-win-the-league-1-796986|title=When Rangers can win the league|work=The Scotsman|date=28 March 2010|access-date=6 August 2010|quote=The biggest winning points margin in the history of the SPL was enjoyed by Rangers in 1999/00, when they finished 21 points clear of Celtic.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121019010202/http://www.scotsman.com/sport/when-rangers-can-win-the-league-1-796986|archive-date=19 October 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> the club securing a domestic double with a 4–0 [[2000 Scottish Cup Final|Scottish Cup]] final victory over Aberdeen. Rangers' campaign in the [[1999–2000 UEFA Champions League|Champions League]] saw them defeat [[UEFA Europa League|UEFA Cup]] winners [[Parma F.C.|Parma]] en route.<ref name="Rangers go out at the group stages">{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sport/football/champions_league/503436.stm|title=Champions League group tables|work=BBC Sport|date=2 November 1999|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131104071831/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/sport/football/champions_league/503436.stm|archive-date=4 November 2013|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Rangers beat parma">{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sport/football/417699.stm|title=Rangers put Parma in the shade|work=BBC Sport|date=12 August 1999|access-date=20 December 2012|quote=Rangers 2–0 Parma<br />Rangers secured one of their most impressive European results in years, as Italian giants Parma crashed to defeat in the first leg of their Champions League qualifier|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131104071825/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/sport/football/417699.stm|archive-date=4 November 2013|url-status=live}}</ref>
Advocaat's third season saw Rangers fail to compete domestically against Celtic under new manager [[Martin O'Neill]]. Despite investment in the team, including [[Tore André Flo|Tore Andre Flo]] for a club-record £12 million,<ref name="Flo signed for 12m">{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/competitions/scottish-premier/2993243/Rangers-12m-Flo-gamble.html|title=Rangers' £12m Flo gamble|work=The Daily Telegraph|date=12 November 2000|author=Forsyth, Roddy|access-date=21 December 2012|quote=DAVID MURRAY, the Rangers chairman, moved dramatically last night to end the crisis at Ibrox by setting a new Scottish transfer record of £12 million for Chelsea's out-of-favour Norwegian international forward, Tore Andre Flo.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131212035427/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/competitions/scottish-premier/2993243/Rangers-12m-Flo-gamble.html|archive-date=12 December 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> European success beyond the [[2000–01 UEFA Champions League|Champions League]] group stages again proved elusive.<ref name="Rangers out of champion league 00-01">{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/uefa_cup/1059684.stm|title=Kaiserslautern 3–0 Rangers|work=BBC Sport|date=7 December 2000|access-date=6 August 2010|quote=Full time: Kaiserslautern 3–0 Rangers<br />92 mins The Fritz Walter Stadium erupts on the referee's final whistle which brings down the curtain on Rangers' European campaign.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131104071605/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/uefa_cup/1059684.stm|archive-date=4 November 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> After a slow start to the following season, Advocaat resigned from his post in December 2001 and was replaced by [[Alex McLeish]].<ref name="McLeish appointment">{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/teams/r/rangers/1701609.stm|title=Rangers unveil McLeish|date=11 December 2001|access-date=16 October 2007|work=BBC Sport|quote=Alex McLeish has been unveiled as Rangers' 11th manager after a dramatic day at Ibrox.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160307020922/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/teams/r/rangers/1701609.stm|archive-date=7 March 2016|url-status=live}}</ref>
In his first full campaign, the [[2002–03 Scottish Premier League|2002–03 season]] saw McLeish become the sixth Rangers manager to deliver a domestic treble.<ref name="Seventh treble">{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/scot_div_1/2946904.stm|title=Rangers complete Treble|work=BBC Sport|date=31 May 2003|access-date=16 October 2007|quote=Rangers capped a fabulous season with a hard-earned Scottish Cup win over Dundee at Hampden Park to seal the seventh domestic Treble in the club's history.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121111020952/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/scot_div_1/2946904.stm|archive-date=11 November 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> The championship was won on goal difference during a dramatic final day 6–1 triumph over [[Dunfermline Athletic F.C.|Dunfermline Athletic]] at Ibrox,<ref name="Championship won on final day">{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/scot_prem/2932016.stm|title=Rangers win to clinch title|date=25 May 2003|work=BBC Sport|access-date=9 October 2012|quote=Rangers 6–1 Dunfermline Athletic<br />An injury-time penalty by Mikel Arteta clinched the SPL title for Rangers in an amazing afternoon at Ibrox.<br />Rangers were 5–1 up as the match entered the last few minutes, but with Celtic 4–0 up at Rugby Park and still playing, they knew the championship was not yet theirs.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120519000724/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/scot_prem/2932016.stm|archive-date=19 May 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> securing Rangers' 50th league title, the first club in the world to achieve the feat.<ref name="Record 50th title">{{cite news|url=http://www.heraldscotland.com/sport/spl/aberdeen/six-into-one-equals-victory-rangers-secure-a-world-record-50th-championship-as-title-showdown-goes-all-the-way-to-the-wire-1.117675|title=Six into one equals victory Rangers secure a world-record 50th championship as title showdown goes all the way to the wire|work=The Herald|date=26 May 2003|access-date=21 December 2012|author=Grahame, Ewing|quote=Rangers secure a world-record 50th championship|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130604221321/http://www.heraldscotland.com/sport/spl/aberdeen/six-into-one-equals-victory-rangers-secure-a-world-record-50th-championship-as-title-showdown-goes-all-the-way-to-the-wire-1.117675|archive-date=4 June 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> Major expenditure sanctioned by chairman [[David Murray (Scottish businessman)|David Murray]] had burdened Rangers with considerable [[debt]]s in the region of £52m.<ref name="Rangers run up big losses">{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2002/sep/30/newsstory.sport6|title=Rangers stay cool over huge losses|work=The Guardian|date=30 September 2002|quote=Rangers chairman John McClelland has attempted to assure shareholders the club's £52m debt is nothing to be alarmed over.|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120804072759/http://www.guardian.co.uk/football/2002/sep/30/newsstory.sport6|archive-date=4 August 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> The club's worsening financial state saw many of the team's top players leave in the summer of 2003, the [[2003–04 in Scottish football|following season]] failing to deliver any trophies, only the second such occasion since [[1985–86 in Scottish football|1985–86]].<ref name="McLeish fails to win a trophy">{{cite web|url=http://footballblog.co.uk/alex-mcleish-career.html|title=Aston Villa's Alex McLeish, a look at his managerial career|work=Football blog|publisher=footballblog.co.uk|date=29 July 2011|author=Salty|access-date=21 December 2012|quote=At this point McLeish was viewed as one of the hottest managers in the game. Success doesn't last forever and Rangers financial state cost McLeish dear in 2003. Many of his prize assets were sold and subsequently Celtic won the league comfortably. Also, Rangers failed to pick up a single trophy that season.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121022185253/http://footballblog.co.uk/alex-mcleish-career.html|archive-date=22 October 2012|url-status=live}}</ref>
The [[2004–05 in Scottish football|2004–05 season]] restored success to Rangers, who were boosted by signings such as [[Jean-Alain Boumsong]],<ref name="Boumsong leaves rangers">{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/teams/n/newcastle_united/4119197.stm|title=Magpies complete Boumsong signing|work=BBC Sport|date=2 January 2005|access-date=21 December 2012|quote=Boumsong joined Rangers from Auxerre on a free transfer last summer and made just 28 appearances for them before moving to England.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130314213023/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/teams/n/newcastle_united/4119197.stm|archive-date=14 March 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Dado Pršo]]<ref name="Rangers sign prso">{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/teams/r/rangers/3693503.stm|title=Rangers get Prso|work=BBC Sport|date=9 May 2004|access-date=21 December 2012|quote=Rangers have confirmed the signing of Monaco's Croatian striker Dado Prso.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160222232020/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/teams/r/rangers/3693503.stm|archive-date=22 February 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> and [[Nacho Novo]],<ref name="Rangers sign novo">{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/scot_prem/3856045.stm|title=Rangers sign Novo|work=BBC Sport|date=6 July 2004|access-date=21 December 2012|quote=Rangers have completed the signing of Nacho Novo from Dundee but manager Alex McLeish insists his summer spending spree is not yet over.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131104071644/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/scot_prem/3856045.stm|archive-date=4 November 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> along with the return of former [[captain (association football)|captain]] [[Barry Ferguson]] after a spell in England with [[Blackburn Rovers F.C.|Blackburn Rovers]].<ref name="Rangers resign ferguson">{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/teams/b/blackburn_rovers/4203441.stm |publisher=BBC Sport |title=Ferguson clinches Rangers return |date=1 February 2005 |access-date=27 July 2011}}</ref> The club's league championship triumph culminated in a dramatic final-day finish. The destination of the [[trophy]] changed unexpectedly, with Celtic conceding late goals to [[Motherwell F.C.|Motherwell]] at [[Fir Park]] whilst Rangers led against Hibernian, requiring the [[helicopter]] carrying the SPL trophy to change direction and deliver the prize to the [[Easter Road Stadium|Easter Road]] ground in [[Leith]].<ref name="Rangers in dramatic title triumph">{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/scot_prem/4570627.stm|title=Rangers in dramatic title triumph|date=22 May 2005|access-date=16 October 2007|work=BBC Sport|quote=Rangers pipped rivals Celtic to the Scottish Premier League title after a dramatic final day of the season.<br />The Gers went into the final game two points behind their Glasgow rivals but a sensational late fightback by Motherwell gave them the title.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130326191648/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/scot_prem/4570627.stm|archive-date=26 March 2013|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Helicopter sunday">{{cite news|url=http://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/sport/football/football-flashback-looking-back-on-rangers-1056885|title=Football flashback: Looking back on Rangers' 'helicopter Sunday' triumph in 2005|work=Daily Record|date=22 April 2010|access-date=21 December 2012|author=Jackson, Keith|quote=NACHO Novo will be remembered forever as the man whose goal made the helicopter change direction.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130731183619/http://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/sport/football/football-flashback-looking-back-on-rangers-1056885|archive-date=31 July 2013|url-status=live}}</ref>
[[File:Rangers F.C. Tifo.jpg|thumb|right|alt=Rangers F.C. showing French card display at Ibrox to welcome Paul Le Guen|Card display at Ibrox to welcome Paul Le Guen]]Despite beginning as favourites to retain the championship, Rangers suffered an unprecedented run of poor results between September and November, a club-record run of ten games without a win. Included within this period, a 1–1 draw with [[Inter Milan]] took Rangers into the last 16 of the Champions League, the first Scottish team to achieve the feat since 1993,<ref name="Rangers through to last 16">{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/europe/4494912.stm|title=Rangers 1–1 Inter Milan|date=6 December 2005|access-date=16 October 2007|work=BBC Sport|quote=Peter Lovenkrands was the goalscoring hero as Rangers became the first Scottish club to qualify from the group stages of the Champions League.<br />...<br />Criticised by some for his tactics during a run without a win now stretching to 10 games, McLeish got it right on the European stage with the surprise inclusion of Lovenkrands as a lone striker.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121104040430/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/europe/4494912.stm|archive-date=4 November 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> the club eventually exiting on the [[away goals rule]] to [[Villarreal CF|Villarreal]].<ref name="Rangers go out to villarreal">{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/europe/4778246.stm|title=Villarreal 1–1 Rangers (agg 3–3)|date=7 March 2006|access-date=16 October 2007|work=BBC Sport|quote=Rangers' dream of becoming the first Scottish side in the quarter-finals of the Champions League ended as they lost on the away-goals rule to Villarreal.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121104040636/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/europe/4778246.stm|archive-date=4 November 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> On 9 February 2006, it was announced by David Murray that McLeish would be standing down as manager at the end of that season.<ref name="McLeish to leave rangers in may">{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/teams/r/rangers/4697444.stm|title=McLeish to leave Rangers in May|date=9 February 2006|access-date=16 October 2007|work=BBC Sport|quote=Alex McLeish will leave his position as Rangers manager at the end of the season, the club has confirmed|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121104040026/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/teams/r/rangers/4697444.stm|archive-date=4 November 2012|url-status=live}}</ref>
Frenchman [[Paul Le Guen]] replaced [[Alex McLeish]] as manager after season 2005–06.<ref name="Le guen new manager">{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/teams/r/rangers/4791030.stm|title=Rangers name Le Guen as manager|work=BBC Sport|date=11 March 2006|access-date=18 August 2012|quote=Rangers have announced that Paul Le Guen will replace Alex McLeish as manager at the end of the season.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110403020540/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/teams/r/rangers/4791030.stm|archive-date=3 April 2011|url-status=live}}</ref> The season started with an early exit from the [[2006–07 Scottish League Cup|League Cup]]<ref name="Rangers lose to st johnstone">{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/scot_cups/6123792.stm|title=Rangers 0–2 St Johnstone|work=BBC Sport|date=8 November 2006|quote=St Johnstone recorded one of their finest results to stun Rangers at Ibrox and reach the CIS Cup semi-finals.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121107172623/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/scot_cups/6123792.stm|archive-date=7 November 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> whilst Celtic built a commanding lead at the top of the table.<ref name="Celtic pile pressure on le guen">{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2006/sep/24/match.celtic?INTCMP=ILCNETTXT3487|title=Gravesen piles pressure on Le Guen|work=The Observer|date=24 September 2006|author=Glenn, Patrick|quote=Until Gravesen gave the home side the lead there was a wariness about both sides, which betrayed the number of players on each side who were making their first appearance in the conflict. If Celtic were expected to be dominant – with Rangers reliant on the absorption of pressure and the counter-thrust – Gordon Strachan and his players would also be mindful of the four-point advantage they held over their great rivals and the need not to risk having it damaged.|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120804055309/http://www.guardian.co.uk/football/2006/sep/24/match.celtic?INTCMP=ILCNETTXT3487|archive-date=4 August 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> In the [[2006–07 UEFA Cup|UEFA Cup]], Rangers became the first Scottish side to qualify for the last 32 of the competition, since the introduction of the group phase, after finishing their group unbeaten.<ref name="Rangers quailfy from group stages">{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2006/dec/15/match.rangers|title=Hutton sends Rangers clean through to Old Firm match|work=The Guardian|date=15 December 2006|access-date=22 April 2011|author=Murray, Ewan|quote=Paul Le Guen is satisfied his Rangers players will enter Sunday's Old Firm match in as positive a frame of mind as possible after they sealed the top qualifying position from Group A and secured a second consecutive clean sheet.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110203154839/http://www.guardian.co.uk/football/2006/dec/15/match.rangers|archive-date=3 February 2011|url-status=live}}</ref> However, amid claims of disharmony between the manager and captain Barry Ferguson,<ref name="Disharmony">{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/teams/r/rangers/6233959.stm|work=BBC Sport|title=Clash of cultures|date=5 January 2007|author=Austin, Simon|quote=Paul Le Guen's relationship with Barry Ferguson was never likely to be a marriage made in heaven.<br />On one side was an authoritarian French manager used to having the final word and working with clean-living, tee-total players.<br />On the other was a passionate Scottish captain who enjoyed talisman status with the fans and liked to work hard and play hard.<br />There were reported to be differences between the duo soon after Le Guen took over at Ibrox seven months ago. And they came to the surface at a news conference before the last Old Firm derby on 17 December.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131010103720/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/teams/r/rangers/6233959.stm|archive-date=10 October 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> it was announced on 4 January 2007 that Le Guen had left Rangers by mutual consent.<ref name="Le guen departures">{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/teams/r/rangers/6231489.stm|work=BBC Sport|title=Le Guen and Rangers part company|date=4 January 2007|quote=Rangers manager Paul Le Guen has left the club by mutual consent.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130101011420/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/teams/r/rangers/6231489.stm|archive-date=1 January 2013|url-status=live}}</ref>
===Walter Smith's return and Ally McCoist===
On 10 January 2007, former boss [[Walter Smith]] resigned from his post as Scotland manager to return to the Ibrox helm, with Ally McCoist as [[Assistant coach|assistant manager]].<ref name="Smith return">{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/teams/r/rangers/6233237.stm|work=BBC Sport|title=Smith installed as Rangers boss|date=10 January 2007|quote=Walter Smith has quit as Scotland coach to become boss of Rangers for a second time after agreeing a three-year deal.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120323053841/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/teams/r/rangers/6233237.stm|archive-date=23 March 2012|url-status=live}}</ref>
[[File:Uefa Cup Final 2008.jpg|thumb|250 px|alt=The 2008 UEFA Cup final in Manchester which Rangers contested|The 2008 UEFA Cup final in [[City of Manchester Stadium|Manchester]], which Rangers contested]]
The following season Rangers contested the [[2007–08 UEFA Cup|UEFA Cup]] after dropping into the competition from the [[2007–08 UEFA Champions League|Champions League]].<ref name="Rangers lose to lyon">{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/europe/7134114.stm|title=Rangers 0–3 Lyon|work=BBC Sport|date=12 December 2007|author=Moffat, Colin|quote=Rangers crashed out of the Champions League and into the Uefa Cup with a disappointing home defeat to Lyon.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120408184641/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/europe/7134114.stm|archive-date=8 April 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> The club reached the final, defeating [[Panathinaikos F.C.|Panathinaikos]], [[SV Werder Bremen|Werder Bremen]], [[Sporting Clube de Portugal|Sporting Lisbon]] and Fiorentina along the way.<ref name="Rangers reach uefa cup final">{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/europe/7398449.stm|title=Rangers & Zenit chase Uefa glory|work=BBC Sport|date=14 May 2008|quote=Panathinaikos, Werder Bremen and Fiorentina have been dispatched, along with Sporting since Rangers qualified via their position in the Champions League group stage.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151017002004/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/europe/7398449.stm|archive-date=17 October 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> The final in [[Manchester]] against [[FC Zenit Saint Petersburg|Zenit Saint Petersburg]], who were managed by former Rangers manager Dick Advocaat,<ref name="Advocaat says rangers shouldnt change for final">{{Cite web|title=Succescoach Advocaat wordt in Sint-Petersburg nooit vergeten|url=https://nos.nl/l/2236584|access-date=2021-02-10|website=nos.nl|date=15 June 2018 |language=nl}}</ref> ended in a 2–0 defeat.<ref name="Rangers lose uefa cup final">{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/columnists/henrywinter/2300507/Rangers-run-out-of-steam-as-Zenit-lift-Uefa-Cup.html|title=Rangers run out of steam as Zenit lift Uefa Cup|work=The Daily Telegraph|date=15 May 2008|author=Winter, Henry|author-link=Henry Winter|quote=Zenit St Petersburg (0) 2 Rangers (0) 0<br /> It is not only Scottish fuel stations that have been running on empty recently. The warning light began flashing on Rangers' tank midway through the second half last night, their exhausting schedule finally catching up with them, allowing a superior and fresher Zenit side to lift the Uefa Cup.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131212035332/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/columnists/henrywinter/2300507/Rangers-run-out-of-steam-as-Zenit-lift-Uefa-Cup.html|archive-date=12 December 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> An estimated 200,000 supporters travelled to [[Manchester]] for the event,<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/news/greater-manchester-news/battle-of-piccadilly-953792|title=Battle of Piccadilly|publisher=Manchester Evening News|date=19 April 2010|work=men|access-date=21 May 2018}}</ref> and the [[2008 UEFA Cup final riots]] occurred.
The 2008–09 season saw Rangers recover from an early exit from the [[2008–09 UEFA Champions League|UEFA Champions League]] to [[FBK Kaunas]] of [[football in Lithuania|Lithuania]].<ref name="Rangers lose to fc kanuas">{{cite news|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2008/SPORT/football/08/05/champions.rangers/index.html|title=Rangers exit Champions League in Lithuania|work=CNN World Sport|publisher=CNN|date=5 August 2008|quote=Scottish giants Rangers slumped to a shock European exit when Linas Pilibaitis gave FBK Kaunas 2–1 an aggregate win in their Champions League second qualifying round tie in Lithuania.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121024065004/http://edition.cnn.com/2008/SPORT/football/08/05/champions.rangers/index.html|archive-date=24 October 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> The club secured its 52nd league championship on the last day of the season with a 3–0 victory at Dundee United.<ref name="Rejuvenated rangers win title">{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/teams/rangers/5379355/Rejuvenated-Rangers-take-SPL-title-in-style-with-victory-at-Dundee-United.html|title=Rejuvenated Rangers take SPL title in style with victory at Dundee United|date=24 May 2009|work=The Daily Telegraph|access-date=20 August 2010|author=Forsyth, Roddy|quote=With the boundless relief and joie de vivre of a man who has been reprieved on the steps of the gallows and installed in a palace, Rangers produced a climactic performance to snatch their first championship since 2005 at sun-drenched Tannadice.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131212035328/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/teams/rangers/5379355/Rejuvenated-Rangers-take-SPL-title-in-style-with-victory-at-Dundee-United.html|archive-date=12 December 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> Rangers also successfully defended the Scottish Cup, defeating Falkirk 1–0 in the final.<ref name="Rangers beat falkirk">{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/teams/rangers/5413108/Rangers-1-Falkirk-0-Scottish-Cup-Final-2009-match-report.html|title=Rangers 1 Falkirk 0: Match report|date=30 May 2009|work=The Daily Telegraph|access-date=20 August 2010|author=Forsyth, Roddy|quote=Rangers completed the second stage of their Scottish league and cup double in the baking heat of Hampden Park on Saturday thanks to a glorious goal from Nacho Novo, with his first touch of the ball only seconds after arriving as a half-time substitute for Kris Boyd. But the favourites were made to sweat throughout – and not simply because of the sweltering conditions.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131212035335/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/teams/rangers/5413108/Rangers-1-Falkirk-0-Scottish-Cup-Final-2009-match-report.html|archive-date=12 December 2013|url-status=live}}</ref>
The [[2009–10 Rangers F.C. season|2009–10 season]] saw Rangers reach their fifth consecutive domestic final: against [[St Mirren F.C.|St Mirren]] in the Scottish League Cup, the club overcame a two-men [[wikt:deficit|deficit]] from [[Penalty card#Red card|red cards]], a late deciding goal from [[Kenny Miller]] securing the victory.<ref name="Rangers win cup with nine men">{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2010/mar/21/st-mirren-rangers-scottish-cup-final|title=Kenny Miller sees nine-man Rangers through to victory|date=21 March 2010|work=The Guardian|access-date=20 August 2010|last=Murray|first=Ewan|quote=It would, of course, be churlish not to recognise the winning mentality of a team who have lost just a single domestic fixture since Celtic lifted this trophy at their expense a year ago. Yet this win arrived in the most unlikely of circumstances, sealing the League Cup despite being down to nine men.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100325102023/http://www.guardian.co.uk/football/2010/mar/21/st-mirren-rangers-scottish-cup-final|archive-date=25 March 2010|url-status=live}}</ref> The league championship title was retained, with three matches remaining, at [[Easter Road Stadium|Easter Road]], defeating Hibernian 1–0 with a [[Kyle Lafferty]] goal. The [[2010–11 Rangers F.C. season|2010–11 season]], Smith's final season in charge, saw Rangers retain the League Cup, defeating Celtic at Hampden with a [[Nikica Jelavić]] goal in extra time.<ref name="Rangers prove doubters wrong">{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/teams/r/rangers/9429677.stm|title=Rangers happy to prove doubters wrong after Cup win|work=BBC Sport|date=20 March 2011|quote=Rangers manager Walter Smith described the Co-operative Insurance Cup final win over Celtic as one of his "best ever" victories.<br />Smith, coming to the end of his second spell in charge at Ibrox, clinched a 20th trophy as Rangers boss after the 2–1 extra-time win at Hampden.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131010083901/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/teams/r/rangers/9429677.stm|archive-date=10 October 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> A third consecutive title was won by beating [[Kilmarnock F.C.|Kilmarnock]] 5–1 on the last day of the season, Smith's final match in charge of the club.<ref name="Smith's final match">{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/scot_prem/9484609.stm|title=Kilmarnock 1 – 5 Rangers|date=16 May 2011|work=BBC Sport|access-date=16 May 2011|author=Moffat, Colin|quote=Rangers gave departing manager Walter Smith the perfect send-off as they wrapped up a third-consecutive Scottish Premier League title in style.<br />A blistering opening saw Kyle Lafferty net twice inside seven minutes, either side of a Steven Naismith strike.<br />Early in the second half, Nikica Jelavic smashed in a free kick and Lafferty completed his hat-trick with a composed finish.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120713113455/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/scot_prem/9484609.stm|archive-date=13 July 2012|url-status=live}}</ref>
Ally McCoist took over from Walter Smith in June 2011 but [[2011–12 Rangers F.C. season|season 2011–12]] started with Rangers eliminated from two European competitions before the end of August: losing to Swedish side [[Malmö FF|Malmö]] in the [[2011–12 UEFA Champions League|Champions League]] third round qualifying match,<ref name="Rangers lose to malmo">{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2011/aug/03/malmo-rangers-champions-league-qualifying|title=Rangers crash out of Champions League after seeing red twice at Malmo|work=The Guardian|date=3 August 2011|quote=Rangers' Champions League hopes were shattered as they crashed out of the competition at the hands of Malmo after being reduced to nine men in the qualifier in Sweden. Steven Whittaker and Madjid Bougherra were both shown straight red cards, before Malmo's Ricardinho was also dismissed by the referee Vladislav Bezborodov at the Swedbank stadium|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110804214249/http://www.guardian.co.uk/football/2011/aug/03/malmo-rangers-champions-league-qualifying|archive-date=4 August 2011|url-status=live}}</ref> and to Slovenian side [[NK Maribor|Maribor]] in a [[2011–12 UEFA Europa League|Europa League]] qualifying match.<ref name="Rangers lose to maribor">{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/14569511.stm|title=Rangers 1 – 1 NK Maribor (agg 2 – 3)|work=BBC Sport|date=25 August 2011|author=Campbell, Andy|quote=Rangers exited the Europa League as Maribor claimed an aggregate victory to progress to the group stages.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120713115510/http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/14569511|archive-date=13 July 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> While good league form saw Rangers in top spot after being unbeaten for the first 15 games, they were knocked out of the [[2011–12 Scottish League Cup|League Cup]] by [[Falkirk F.C.|Falkirk]]<ref name="Rangers go out of cup to falkirk">{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/15016733.stm|title=Ally McCoist fuming as Falkirk kids dump Rangers out of cup|work=BBC Sport|date=22 September 2011|quote=Manager Ally McCoist believes his Rangers players have only themselves to blame for their shock League Cup defeat by a very youthful Falkirk line-up.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120614004930/http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/15016733|archive-date=14 June 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> and the [[2011–12 Scottish Cup|Scottish Cup]] by [[Dundee United F.C.|Dundee United]] at Ibrox.<ref name="Rangers lose to dundee utd in scottish cup">{{cite news|author=Campbell, Andy|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/16778861|title=Rangers 0–2 Dundee Utd|work=BBC Sport|date=5 February 2012|access-date=12 April 2012|quote=Dundee United knocked Rangers out of the Scottish Cup with a deserved fifth-round victory at Ibrox.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120302042219/http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/16778861|archive-date=2 March 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> Rangers were placed into administration on 14 February 2012 resulting in the club being deducted 10 points as per SPL rules.<ref name="Rangers enter administration">{{cite news|title=Rangers' 10-point deduction confirmed by SPL|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/17032099|date=14 February 2012|work=BBC Sport|quote=Rangers have been deducted 10 points after entering administration.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120218103449/http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/17032099|archive-date=18 February 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> Though Rangers avoided having Celtic win the championship at Ibrox on 25 March by winning the game 3–2, Rangers ultimately finished 20 points behind Celtic in second place.<ref name="Rangers deny celtic title win at parkhead">{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/17419735|work=BBC Sport|date=25 March 2012|title=Rangers 3–2 Celtic|author=Lindsay, Clive|quote=Reigning champions Rangers prevented the Scottish title being won on their own patch despite a dramatic late rally from nine-man runaway leaders Celtic.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121115133803/http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/17419735|archive-date=15 November 2012|url-status=live}}</ref>
===Insolvency and the lower leagues===
On 1 June 2012, after four months in administration, a failure to reach a [[Company voluntary arrangement|CVA]] agreement with [[creditor]]s led to The Rangers Football Club plc (since renamed <nowiki>RFC 2012</nowiki> plc)<ref name="RFC 2012 PLC">{{cite web|url=http://data.companieshouse.gov.uk/doc/company/SC004276|title=RFC 2012 P.L.C.|work=Companies House|publisher=UK Government|access-date=22 December 2012|quote=IncorporationDate 27/05/1899<br />PreviousNames<br />CONDate 31 July 2012<br />CompanyName THE RANGERS FOOTBALL CLUB P.L.C.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131101174610/http://data.companieshouse.gov.uk/doc/company/SC004276|archive-date=1 November 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> entering the process of liquidation.<ref>[https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/teams/rangers/9327256/Rangers-in-crisis-the-final-whistle-sounds-on-Rangers-140-years-of-history.html Rangers in crisis: the final whistle sounds on Rangers' 140 years of history] ''The Daily Telegraph''. Retrieved 26 March 2013.</ref> The administrators completed a sale of the business and assets to [[Phoenix club (sports)|a new company]], Sevco Scotland Ltd (which later renamed itself The Rangers Football Club Ltd), though most first-team players refused to transfer across.<ref name="Rangers company enters liquidation">{{cite web|url=http://www.rangers.co.uk/index.php/club/administrators-information/item/download/28_7fc3a3f0da9d1df61b3d05625e9468ef|title=Interim Report to Creditors|work=Duff and Phelps|publisher=Rangers F.C.|format=pdf|date=10 July 2012|quote=The continuation of trading operations enabled the Joint Administrators to put the CVA Proposal to the creditors of the Company and after the CVA Proposal was rejected by creditors, the Joint Administrators were able to secure a going concern sale of the business, history and assets of the Company to Sevco|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120827020746/http://www.rangers.co.uk/index.php/club/administrators-information/item/download/28_7fc3a3f0da9d1df61b3d05625e9468ef|archive-date=27 August 2012|url-status=dead|access-date=31 August 2012}}</ref><ref name="Lord Nimmo Smith Commission">{{cite web|url=http://spfl.co.uk/news/article/commission-decision-2013-02-28/mediaassets/doc/Commission%20Decision%2028%2002%202013.pdf|title=Lord Nimmo Smith Commission|publisher=Scottish Professional Football League|date=28 February 2013|quote=On 14 June 2012 a newly incorporated company, Sevco Scotland Limited, purchased substantially all the business and assets of Oldco, including Rangers FC, by entering into an asset sale and purchase agreement with the joint administrators.|access-date=25 November 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141219023336/http://spfl.co.uk/news/article/commission-decision-2013-02-28/mediaassets/doc/Commission%20Decision%2028%2002%202013.pdf|archive-date=19 December 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> The new company failed to secure the transfer of Rangers' previous place in the Scottish Premier League,<ref name="Newco refused spl admission">{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/18703183|title=Rangers newco refused SPL entry after chairmen vote|work=BBC Sport|date=4 July 2012|access-date=20 December 2012|quote=BBC Scotland has learned that 10 of the 12 clubs were in opposition, with Kilmarnock abstaining and Rangers voting in favour.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121114102205/http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/18703183|archive-date=14 November 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> but were later accepted into the [[Scottish Football League]]. Rangers were awarded associate membership and placed in the lowest division, the Third, rather than the First Division as the SPL and SFA had sought.<ref>[http://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/sport/football/rangers-in-crisis-ibrox-newco-to-play-1166724 Rangers in crisis: Ibrox newco to play in Third Division after SFL clubs vote] Daily Record, 13 July 2012.</ref> The transfer of Rangers' SFA membership was agreed by the SFA upon acceptance of a number of conditions, including a one-year transfer ban, in time for the club to begin the [[2012–13 Rangers F.C. season|2012–13 season]].<ref name="SFA membership transferred">{{cite web|title=Agreement on Transfer of Membership|url=http://www.scottishfa.co.uk/scottish_fa_news.cfm?page=2986&newsID=10252&newsCategoryID=1|date=27 July 2012|publisher=Scottish Football Association|access-date=30 July 2012|quote=We are pleased to confirm that agreement has been reached on all outstanding points relating to the transfer of the Scottish FA membership between Rangers FC (In Administration), and Sevco Scotland Ltd, who will be the new owners of The Rangers Football Club.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120802012743/http://www.scottishfa.co.uk/scottish_fa_news.cfm?page=2986&newsID=10252&newsCategoryID=1|archive-date=2 August 2012|url-status=live}}</ref>
With most key Rangers players having refused to transfer to the new company, a very different Rangers team lined up for the first league match in the [[Scottish League Two|Third Division]] though it secured a comfortable 5–1 victory over [[East Stirlingshire F.C.|East Stirlingshire]] in front of a crowd of 49,118, a [[world record]] for a football match in a fourth tier league.<ref name="World record fourth tier attendance">{{cite news|url=http://www.smh.com.au/sport/soccer/fourthtier-rangers-shatter-world-record-20120819-24gfv.html|title=Fourth-tier Rangers shatter world record|work=The Sydney Morning Herald|date=19 August 2012|access-date=19 August 2012|quote=Rangers manager Ally McCoist paid tribute to the troubled club's fans after 49,118 packed into Ibrox to watch Saturday's 5–1 thrashing of East Stirling, a world record attendance for fourth-tier football.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131207051918/http://www.smh.com.au/sport/soccer/fourthtier-rangers-shatter-world-record-20120819-24gfv.html|archive-date=7 December 2013|url-status=live}}</ref>{{#tag:ref|However this attendance was unofficially exceeded prior to this match in Brazil. But this attendance was not officially recorded.<ref name="Unofficial record">{{cite web|url=http://www.rsssfbrasil.com/miscellaneous/attbrasd.htm|title=Best attendances of Brazilian Championship of 4th Level|publisher=RSSSF Brasil|access-date=22 August 2012|quote=1 Santa Cruz (PE) 0 × 0 Treze (PB), 59.966, 16/10/2011, Estádio do Arruda|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120802222417/http://www.rsssfbrasil.com/miscellaneous/attbrasd.htm|archive-date=2 August 2012|url-status=live|language=pt}}</ref>|group="n"}} Away from home, Rangers started their league campaign with three successive draws before losing 1–0 to [[Stirling Albion F.C.|Stirling Albion]], at the time the bottom club in the country.<ref name="Rangers away form poor in 3rd division">{{cite news|title=Stirling Albion 1–0 Rangers|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/19857024|date=6 October 2012|work=BBC Sport|quote=Rangers suffered a shock first loss in the Third Division after crashing to defeat against bottom side Stirling Albion.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121116003707/http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/19857024|archive-date=16 November 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> Rangers were defeated in the third round of the [[2012–13 Scottish Challenge Cup|Scottish Challenge Cup]] by [[Queen of the South F.C.|Queen of the South]] at Ibrox,<ref name="Rangers beat by queen of south in cup">{{cite news|title=Ramsdens Cup: Rangers 2–2 Queen of the South (3–4 pens)|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/19629218|author=Lindsay, Clive|work=BBC Sport|date=18 September 2012|access-date=18 September 2012|quote=Rangers made a shock exit in the Ramsdens Cup after a penalty shoot-out defeat by Queen of the South at Ibrox.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121109014656/http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/19629218|archive-date=9 November 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> in the quarter-finals of the [[2012–13 Scottish League Cup|Scottish League Cup]] at home to [[Inverness Caledonian Thistle F.C.|Inverness Caledonian Thistle]]<ref name="Rangers out of cup to inverness caley">{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/20053656|title=Rangers 0–3 Inverness Caley Thistle|work=BBC Sport|author=Lamont, Alasdair|author-link=Alasdair Lamont|date=31 October 2012|quote=Inverness Caledonian Thistle advanced to the semi-finals of the Scottish Communities League Cup for the first time with an ultimately comfortable defeat of Rangers.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121123063304/http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/20053656|archive-date=23 November 2012|url-status=live|access-date=4 November 2012}}</ref> and in the fifth round of the [[2012–13 Scottish Cup|Scottish Cup]] by Dundee United.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/21209424 Dundee United 3–0 Rangers] BBC, 2 February 2013.</ref> Rangers beat their own new record against [[Queen's Park F.C.|Queens Park]] with an attendance of 49,463<ref name="Rangers beat there own 4th tier world record">{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/match/2012/oct/20/rangers-v-queenspark|title=Rangers v Queen's Park Match facts|work=The Guardian|date=20 October 2012|access-date=22 December 2012|quote=Attendance 49,463|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130420210303/http://www.guardian.co.uk/football/match/2012/oct/20/rangers-v-queenspark|archive-date=20 April 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> and again against Stirling Albion with an attendance of 49,913.<ref name="Rangers beat their record again">{{cite news|url=http://www1.skysports.com/football/live/match/272760/form|title=THE IRN-BRU SCOTTISH THIRD DIVISION|publisher=Sky Sports|date=8 December 2012|access-date=22 December 2012|quote=IBROX STADIUM (ATT 49,913)|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121104172538/http://www1.skysports.com/football/live/match/272760/form|archive-date=4 November 2012|url-status=live}}</ref>
Rangers clinched the [[2012–13 Scottish Third Division|Third Division]] title on 30 March after a goalless draw at [[Montrose F.C.|Montrose]].
Apart from being defeated 2–1 by [[Forfar Athletic F.C.|Forfar Athletic]] in the first round of the [[2013–14 Scottish League Cup|League Cup]] on 3 August, [[2013–14 Rangers F.C. season|season 2013–14]] got off to an excellent start with Rangers winning maximum league points in their first 15 games in [[Scottish League One|League One]], before being held to a draw at home by [[Stranraer F.C.|Stranraer]] on Boxing Day 2013. Rangers secured the [[2013–14 Scottish League One|League One]] title and promotion to [[Scottish Championship|Scottish football's second tier]] on 12 March 2014 and went on to end the season unbeaten in league football.<ref>[http://sport.stv.tv/football/clubs/rangers/268342-rangers-clinch-scottish-league-1-title-after-3-0-win-over-airdrieonians/ Rangers clinch Scottish League 1 title after 3–0 win over Airdrieonians] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140413141212/http://sport.stv.tv/football/clubs/rangers/268342-rangers-clinch-scottish-league-1-title-after-3-0-win-over-airdrieonians/ |date=13 April 2014 }} stv.tv. Retrieved 10 April 2014.</ref> Rangers also reached the final of the [[2013–14 Scottish Challenge Cup|Scottish Challenge Cup]], in which they lost to [[Raith Rovers F.C.|Raith Rovers]]<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/26807030 Raith Rovers 1:0 Rangers] BBC. Retrieved 10 April 2014.</ref> and the semi-final of the [[2013–14 Scottish Cup|Scottish Cup]], in which they lost 3–1 at Ibrox to Dundee United.
Playing in the [[Scottish Championship]] in [[2014–15 Rangers F.C. season|season 2014–15]] provided Rangers with a more difficult challenge, with the club losing home and away to both Hibernian<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/29305945 Rangers 1:3 Hibernian] BBC, 29 September 2014.</ref><ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/30559314 Hibs 4:0 Rangers] BBC.co.uk 27 December 2014.</ref> and Hearts<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/28647379 Rangers 1:2 Hearts] BBC, 10 August 2014.</ref><ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/30066072 Hearts 2:0 Rangers] BBC, 22 November 2014.</ref> and also losing away to Queen of the South<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/30340965 Queen of the South 2:0 Rangers] BBC, 12 December 2014.</ref> in the first half of the season. Rangers also failed to beat Alloa either home or away in the league before losing 3–2 to Alloa in the semi-final of the [[2014–15 Scottish Challenge Cup|Scottish Challenge Cup]].<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/30021373 Alloa 3:2 Rangers] BBC 9 December 2014.</ref> Amid mounting criticism,<ref>[http://www1.skysports.com/football/news/11788/9609846/spfl-ally-mccoist-due-to-meet-rangers-board-today SPFL: Ally McCoist due to meet Rangers board on Wednesday] Skysports, 17 December 2014.</ref> McCoist submitted his resignation intending to honour his 12 months notice period but was placed on [[gardening leave]] and replaced by [[Kenny McDowall]] on a caretaker basis.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/30571507 Ally McCoist: Rangers manager leaves club & on gardening leave] BBC News 21 December 2014.</ref> McDowall remained in charge for just three months before resigning in March 2015. During his time in charge, Rangers won just three matches. Rangers then named former player [[Stuart McCall]] as their third manager of the season for the remaining fixtures.<ref>{{cite news|url = https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/31839589|title = Rangers: Stuart McCall appointed manager until summer|date = 12 March 2015|access-date = 9 May 2015|work=BBC Sport}}</ref> Under McCall, Rangers finished third in the league and then reached the Premiership play-off final, which they lost 6–1 on aggregate to Motherwell.<ref>[https://www.bbc.com/sport/live/football/32934323 "Motherwell 3–0 Rangers"] – BBC Sport, 31 May 2015.</ref>
===Warburton, Premiership return, Caixinha and Murty===
In June 2015, it was announced that [[Mark Warburton]] had been appointed as manager on a three-year deal.<ref>{{ cite news | url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2015/jun/15/rangers-appoint-mark-warburton-manager | title=Rangers appoint Mark Warburton as manager on three-year contract | ___location=London| work=The Guardian| date=15 June 2015}}</ref> Rangers went on to win the [[2015–16 Scottish Championship]] and automatic promotion to the [[Scottish Premiership]], ending their four-year stint in the lower divisions. The club also reached the [[2016 Scottish Cup Final]], beating Old Firm rivals [[Celtic F.C.|Celtic]] in the semi-final at Hampden,<ref>{{cite news|title=Rangers in Scottish Cup Final |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/36008631 |work=BBC Sport |access-date=17 April 2016}}</ref> before losing to Hibernian in the final.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/36292302|title=Scottish Cup final: Rangers 2–3 Hibernian|work=BBC Sport|first=Richard|last=Wilson}}</ref> After a poor first half of the 2016–17 season, [[Mark Warburton]] and [[David Weir (Scottish footballer)|David Weir]] left Rangers on 10 February 2017, and [[Graeme Murty]] was placed in caretaker control of the Rangers first team.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://rangers.co.uk/news/headlines/club-statement-74/ |title=Club Statement |publisher=Rangers F.C. |date=10 February 2017 |access-date=10 February 2017 |archive-date=16 February 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170216223001/https://rangers.co.uk/news/headlines/club-statement-74/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Rangers: Mark Warburton replaced as manager ahead of Scottish Cup tie|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/38939432|work=BBC Sport |access-date=11 February 2017|date=10 February 2017}}</ref> [[Pedro Caixinha]] eventually took over as permanent manager.
Caixinha's first full season started with Rangers suffering one of the worst results in their history. After winning 1–0 at Ibrox, Rangers [[Progrès Niederkorn 2–0 Rangers|lost 2–0]] to [[Luxembourg]] minnows [[FC Progrès Niederkorn|Progrès Niederkorn]], resulting in Rangers being knocked out 2–1 on aggregate in the [[2017–18 UEFA Europa League#First qualifying round|first qualifying round]] of the [[2017–18 UEFA Europa League|2017–18 Europa League]]. Progrès had never before won a tie and had only ever scored once before in European competition.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/40475647 |title=Progres Niederkorn 2–0 Rangers (agg 2–1) |work=BBC Sport |access-date=4 July 2017 |date=4 July 2017}}</ref> After that disappointing start to the season the form did not improve, with notable results including a 2–0 reverse to Celtic at home in the league<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/41290216|title=Rangers 0–2 Celtic|work=BBC Sport|date=23 September 2017|access-date=22 December 2017}}</ref> and defeat to Motherwell in the Scottish League Cup semi-final by the same scoreline.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/41683732|title=Rangers 0–2 Motherwell|work=BBC Sport|date=22 October 2017|access-date=22 December 2017}}</ref> On 26 October, a day after a 95th-minute equaliser at Ibrox by last-placed Kilmarnock saw Rangers draw 1–1, Caixinha was sacked and [[Graeme Murty]] took over as caretaker manager again. The Portuguese manager's reign was described as "a desperate mess from start to finish".<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/41762385|title=Rangers: Pedro Caixinha sacked as manager after board meeting|work=BBC Sport|date=26 October 2017|access-date=22 December 2017}}</ref>
In late December, after a search for a more experienced manager proved unsuccessful, including a failed attempt to appoint Aberdeen manager [[Derek McInnes]], Murty (who had won back-to-back games over Aberdeen<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espn.co.uk/football/report?gameId=485845 |title=Rangers back to winning ways with comfortable victory over Aberdeen |website=ESPN|date=29 November 2017 |access-date=22 December 2017 }}</ref><ref name=rehearsal>{{cite news|title=Aberdeen 1 Rangers 2: Derek McInnes remains favourite for Ibrox job despite losing dress rehearsal at Pittodrie|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/football/2017/12/03/aberdeen-1-rangers-2derek-mcinnes-remains-favourite-ibrox-job/ |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/football/2017/12/03/aberdeen-1-rangers-2derek-mcinnes-remains-favourite-ibrox-job/ |archive-date=10 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|last=Forsyth|first=Roddy|newspaper=Daily Telegraph|date=3 December 2017|access-date=22 December 2017}}{{cbignore}}</ref> and also defeated Hibernian away from home<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/42244866|title=Hibernian 1–2 Rangers|work=BBC Sport|date=13 December 2017|access-date=22 December 2017}}</ref> during his interim spell) was appointed to the role until the end of the season.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/42457229|title=Graeme Murty: Rangers appoint interim boss as manager for rest of season|work=BBC Sport|date=22 December 2017|access-date=22 December 2017}}</ref> On 1 May 2018, Murty's second spell in charge ended prematurely when he was sacked as manager following a 5–0 defeat to Celtic which resulted in Celtic winning their 7th consecutive league title.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/43961178|title=Rangers: Graeme Murty sacked as manager|work=BBC Sport|date=1 May 2018|access-date=4 May 2018}}</ref> Rangers again ended the season in 3rd place, behind Celtic and Aberdeen for the second year in a row.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://int.soccerway.com/national/scotland/premier-league/20172018/2nd-phase/r41507/|title=Scottish Premiership 2nd Phase|work=Soccerway|access-date=15 May 2018}}</ref>
===The Gerrard era===
On 4 May 2018, former [[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]] and [[England national football team|England]] captain [[Steven Gerrard]] was confirmed as the new manager of Rangers on a four-year contract.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://rangers.co.uk/news/headlines/steven-gerrard-confirmed-as-manager/|title=Steven Gerrard Confirmed As Manager|publisher=Rangers.co.uk|date=4 May 2018|access-date=4 May 2018}}</ref> Gerrard's era started successfully with Rangers remaining unbeaten in their first 12 games, clinching a place in the UEFA Europa League group stage in the process.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/45342102|title=FC Ufa 1 : 1 Rangers|publisher=BBC|date=30 August 2018|access-date=10 November 2018}}</ref> However Rangers were then defeated by Celtic in the first Old Firm match of the season,<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/45312088|title=Celtic 1 : 0 Rangers|publisher=BBC|date=2 September 2018|access-date=10 November 2018}}</ref> and the following month were eliminated from the League Cup by Aberdeen.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/45934006|title=Aberdeen 1: 0 Rangers|publisher=BBC|date=28 October 2018|access-date=10 November 2018}}</ref> On 29 December, Rangers defeated Celtic at Ibrox to inflict [[Brendan Rodgers]]' first defeat in 13 Old Firm games; Rangers first win over Celtic since a Scottish Cup victory in April 2016 and their first league win over Celtic since March 2012.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/46656785|title=Rangers 1-0 Celtic|publisher=BBC|date=29 December 2018|access-date=30 December 2018}}</ref> Aberdeen knocked Rangers out of a cup for the second time in the season after securing a 2–0 victory in the Scottish Cup at Ibrox on 12 March 2019.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/47450648|title=Rangers 0-2 Aberdeen|publisher=BBC|date=12 March 2019|access-date=12 March 2019}}</ref>
The 2019–20 season began with Rangers again qualifying for the UEFA Europa League group stage before losing 2–0 to Celtic at Ibrox in the first Old Firm match of the season on 1 September. The following day, the club signed [[Ryan Kent]] from Liverpool for £7 million. Rangers reached the final of the League Cup, but despite a dominant performance, were beaten 1–0 by Celtic.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/50672183 |title=Rangers 0:1 Celtic |publisher=BBC |date=8 December 2019 |access-date=8 December 2019}}</ref> On 12 December, Rangers progressed to the UEFA Europa League Round of 32 as group runners-up after a 1–1 draw with [[BSC Young Boys|Young Boys]] which secured European football beyond Christmas for the first time since the 2010–11 season.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/50672304 |title=Rangers 1-1 Young Boys |publisher=BBC |date=12 December 2019 |access-date=12 December 2019}}</ref> On 29 December, Rangers beat Celtic 2–1 at Celtic Park, their first win at their arch rival's stadium since October 2010.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/50882543 |title=Celtic 1-2 Rangers |publisher=BBC |date=29 December 2019 |access-date=29 December 2019}}</ref> However a slump in form thereafter, including losing to Hearts in the Scottish Cup and Hamilton in the league within five days, left Rangers 13 points adrift of Celtic a week into March.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/51772454 |title=Rangers: Steven Gerrard aims to arrest form slump and quell fans' anger |publisher=BBC |date=7 December 2019 |access-date=7 December 2019}}</ref> However, all professional football in Scotland was suspended later that month due to the [[COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Coronavirus in Scotland: Which Scottish events have been cancelled due to COVID-19? |url=https://www.heraldscotland.com/news/18304715.coronavirus-scotland-scottish-events-cancelled-due-covid-19/ |access-date=16 March 2020 |work=Herald Scotland |date=14 March 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=McDermott |first=Scott |title=Celtic and Rangers title spat shows SPFL must consider the null and void elephant in the room |url=https://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/sport/football/football-news/celtic-rangers-title-spat-shows-21852483 |access-date=13 April 2020 |work=Daily Record |date=12 April 2020}}</ref> On 18 May 2020, the SPFL officially ended the season, and Celtic were awarded the league title which was determined by points per game.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://spfl.co.uk/news/ladbrokes-premiership-and-spfl-season-201920-cur |title=Ladbrokes Premiership and SPFL Season 2019/20 curtailed {{!}} SPFL |access-date=2021-02-10|website=spfl.co.uk}}</ref>
On 7 March 2021, Rangers won the league title for the first time in ten years,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/rangers/story/4331641/steven-gerrard-steers-rangers-to-first-scottish-title-in-10-years |title=Steven Gerrard steers Rangers to first Scottish title in 10 years |website=ESPN |date=7 March 2021 }}</ref> going on to end the league campaign undefeated, with a club record 102 points.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://talksport.com/football/881323/rangers-lift-scottish-premiership-title-gerrard-fans-celebrate-ibrox/ |title=INVINCIBLES Rangers finally lift Scottish Premiership title and THOUSANDS of fans celebrate outside Ibrox as Steven Gerrard's side complete unbeaten season |website=talksport.com |date=15 May 2021 }}</ref>
===Giovanni van Bronckhorst, Europa League Final, Michael Beale return and Philippe Clement===
Midway through the 2021–22 season, Steven Gerrard left Rangers for [[Aston Villa]], and was replaced by former Rangers midfielder [[Giovanni van Bronckhorst]] on 11 November 2021. He led Rangers to their first European final in fourteen years, beating [[Borussia Dortmund]], [[Red Star Belgrade]], [[S.C. Braga|Braga]] and [[RB Leipzig]] on the way to facing [[Eintracht Frankfurt]] in the [[2022 UEFA Europa League Final]]. He also took the club to their first [[Scottish Cup]] final in six years, in which they beat [[Heart of Midlothian F.C.|Hearts]].<ref>{{Cite news |title=Rangers beat Hearts in extra time to win Scottish Cup |language=en-GB |work=BBC Sport |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/61447048 |access-date=2022-05-23}}</ref>
In the 2022–23 season, Rangers qualified for the [[2022–23 UEFA Champions League group stage|UEFA Champions League group stage]] for the first time since the [[2010–11 UEFA Champions League|2010–11 season]]. They went on to lose all six group matches against [[S.S.C. Napoli|Napoli]], [[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]] and [[AFC Ajax|Ajax]] with only two goals scored and a −20 goal difference overall, setting the worst performance in a Champions League group stage, surpassing [[GNK Dinamo Zagreb|Dinamo Zagreb]]'s −19 goal difference in the [[2011–12 UEFA Champions League group stage|2011–12 season]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Church |first1=Ben |title=Six losses and 22 goals conceded: Glasgow Rangers suffers worst Champions League group stage campaign in tournament history |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2022/11/02/football/rangers-champions-league-worst-record-spt-intl/index.html |access-date=3 November 2022 |work=CNN |date=2 November 2022}}</ref> Giovanni van Bronckhorst was sacked on 21 November 2022, after also falling nine points behind Celtic in the Scottish Premiership.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Van Bronckhorst sacked as Rangers manager |language=en-GB |work=BBC Sport |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/63535011 |access-date=2023-10-08}}</ref> Michael Beale, a coach under previous manager Steven Gerrard, succeeded van Bronckhorst on 28 November 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rangers Confirm Michael Beale as Manager |url=https://www.rangers.co.uk/Article/rangers-confirm-michael-beale-as-manager/78EvJ6oEQDnXMpW19wJApY |access-date=2023-12-20 |website=www.rangers.co.uk |language=en-gb}}</ref> After a winning start, Beale had turned around results quickly. However, they lost out in both cup competitions against Celtic and finished the [[2022–23 Scottish Premiership|2022–23 season]] seven points behind their rivals. After a summer rebuild, Rangers lost on the opening day of the [[2023–24 Scottish Premiership|2023–24 season]] to Kilmarnock; their hopes of qualifying for that seasons Champions League was also crushed after losing to [[PSV Eindhoven]]. Beale was sacked as manager on 1 October 2023, the defeat to Aberdeen at Ibrox the culmination of a very poor run of results.
[[Philippe Clement]] was appointed manager on 15 October 2023, Rangers' sixth permanent manager in ten years, with [[Steven Davis]] being the interim manager prior to Clement's appointment. The club won their 28th League Cup title, and their first in twelve years.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Murray |first=Ewan |date=2023-12-17 |title=Rangers edge Aberdeen in League Cup final for Philippe Clement's first trophy |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2023/dec/17/rangers-aberdeen-scottish-league-cup-final-match-report |access-date=2025-01-31 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> Rangers finished runners up to Celtic in the league and the Scottish Cup. After being defeated by Dynamo Kyiv in the 2024–25 Champions League Third Qualifying Round, Rangers entered the Europa League, where they placed eighth in the new format, placing them directly in the Round of 16.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Murray |first=Scott |date=2025-01-30 |title=Tottenham and Rangers win to claim last-16 places: Europa League – as it happened |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/live/2025/jan/30/tottenham-v-elfsborg-rangers-v-union-saint-gilloise-and-more-europa-league-live |access-date=2025-01-31 |work=the Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> Clement was sacked as manager on 23 February 2025.<ref name="Clement out">{{ cite news | url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/articles/c39n1ey8m88o| title=Rangers sack Clement following loss to St Mirren | work=BBC Sport | date=23 February 2025 | first=Chris | last=McLaughlin}}</ref>
===2025 takeover and Russell Martin===
On 30 May 2025, Rangers announced that a consortium headed by US businessman Andrew Cavenagh and [[Denise DeBartolo York|49ers Enterprises]], the investment arm of the [[San Francisco 49ers]], had purchased 51% of shares to compete a multi-million pound takeover of the club.<ref>{{ cite news | url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/articles/cqj7gj2w0k5o |title='We want Rangers back at the top' - US consortium completes takeover | work=BBC Sport | date=30 May 2025 | first=Andy | last=Burke}}</ref> [[Russell Martin (footballer)|Russell Martin]] was appointed head coach in June 2025 on a three-year deal.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Lindsay |first1=Clive |title=Rangers: Russell Martin 'won't make promises' - but new head coach must win early |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/articles/cd0lrv9xnxvo |website=BBC Sport |access-date=7 August 2025 |date=5 June 2025}}</ref>
==Crest and colours==
===Crest===
Unusually for a football club, Rangers have two different official [[Crest (heraldry)|crests]]. Today the original scroll crest appears on the club's strips whereas the [[lion (heraldry)|lion rampant]] club crest is used by the media, on club merchandise and on official club documents. Both crests have undergone minor variations since their introduction. It is believed that the scroll crest, representing the letters ''RFC'' overlapping, has been used since the club's formation in 1872, although the oldest remaining piece of memorabilia containing this crest is from the 1881–82 season. The scroll crest was replaced in 1959 with the lion rampant club crest which featured a lion rampant, an old-style football and the club's motto ''Ready'', which was shortened from ''Aye Ready'' (meaning ''Always Ready'' in [[Scots language|Scots]]), all surrounded by the team name, ''Rangers Football Club''. The lion rampant club crest was modernised in 1968; the lion rampant, team name, club motto and old style football all remained. It was again updated slightly in the early 1990s and then once more in 2020 to the current version. The modern circular crest is regularly used on club merchandise and by the media; it has never featured prominently on the club strip. In 1968 the scroll crest made a return appearing on the chest of the club shirt for the first time while the modernised club crest was still the club's official logo. The scroll crest first appeared on the teams shorts for the start of the 1978–79 season.<ref name="Rangers Crest Badges">{{cite web|url=http://www.danburymint.co.uk/index.php?act=product&product_id=4250&cat_id=&mediacode=&kiks_code=|title=The Badges of Rangers Football Club|publisher=Danbury Mint|access-date=21 January 2013|quote=The earliest badge featured the celebrated RFC scroll crest believed to have been used since 1872. Then there's the lion rampant and the club motto 'READY', which have appeared on Rangers' badges since 1959. Finally, see the evolution into the current badge, with the famous blue, white and red colours.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130731205721/http://www.danburymint.co.uk/index.php?act=product&product_id=4250&cat_id=&mediacode=&kiks_code=|archive-date=31 July 2013|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Rangers Crest History">{{cite web|url=http://www.rangers.co.uk/club/history/crest|title=The Rangers Crest|publisher=Rangers F.C.|access-date=21 January 2013|quote=Although the 'RFC' Scroll Crest was omitted in 1959 it made a welcome return in 1968 when it was placed on the club's home jersey for the very first time. It was later added to the shorts a decade later for the start of the 1978–79 season.|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130123011856/http://www.rangers.co.uk/club/history/crest|archive-date=23 January 2013}}</ref> In 2021 the club unveiled a 150th anniversary crest that was to be used during the [[2021–22 Rangers F.C. season|2021–22 season]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=150 Years of Rangers Football Club |url=https://www.rangers.co.uk/article/150-years-of-rangers-football-club/15xSSVGyaVsdkLMEXxk8rb |website=Rangers F.C. |date=March 2022 |access-date=July 23, 2025}}</ref>
<gallery widths="180" heights="180" class="center">
File:Rangers FC logo (since 2020).png|alt=The current lion rampant club crest. Never appeared on the shirt|The current lion rampant club crest. Never appeared on the shirt.
</gallery>
The way the scroll crest has appeared on the club shirt has varied slightly through the years. Between 1990 and 1994, 'Rangers Football Club' and the 'Ready' motto appeared above and below the Crest respectively. Between 1997 and 1999, the scroll crest featured within a shield. After a successful end to the [[2002–03 in Scottish football|season in 2003]], which delivered Rangers a [[Treble (association football)#Domestic trebles|Domestic Treble]] and their 50th league title; [[Star (football badge)|five stars]] were added to the top of the scroll crest, one for every ten titles won by the club. The team wore a special crest on 8 December 2012 in a home league match against Stirling Albion, to commemorate the 140th anniversary of their formation. '1872–2012' appeared above the scroll crest with the words '140 years' featuring below.<ref name="Rangers Crest Gersnet">{{cite web|url=http://www.therangersarchive.co.uk/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=261&Itemid=326|title=The Rangers Crest|publisher=Gersnet Online|access-date=21 January 2013|quote=From 1990 to 1994 'Rangers Football Club' and the 'Ready' motto were placed above and below the Crest respectively. In 1997–98, the Crest was placed in a shield but perhaps the most significant change was before the start of the 2003/04 campaign. Having clinched their 50th League Championship, a year in which Rangers secured a domestic Treble, the Club decided to add five stars above the Scoll Crest, one for every ten titles won.|archive-date=23 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221023072051/http://www.therangersarchive.co.uk/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=261&Itemid=326|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Rangers home historical kits" />
<gallery widths="180" heights="180" class="center" caption="Kit crest history">
File:ScrollCrestRangersF.C.svg|alt=Scroll crest, appeared on the chest of the Rangers shirt 1968–present.|<div style="text-align:center;">Scroll crest, appeared on the chest of the Rangers shirt since 1968</div>
File:Rangers FC scroll crest 1990-95.png|<div style="text-align:center;">Scroll crest version with banner and 'Ready' motto, worn on shirts between 1990 and 1995</div>
File:StarScrollCrestRangersFC.svg|alt=Scroll crest with five stars, worn on the Rangers shirt 2003–present.|<div style="text-align:center;">Scroll crest with five stars, worn on shirts between 2003 and 2021</div>
</gallery>
===Colours===
The club [[color|colours]] of Rangers are royal blue, white and red. However, for the majority of the first forty-eight years of Rangers existence the club played in a plain lighter blue home shirt. The only deviation from this was a four-season period from 1879 when the side wore the lighter shade of blue and white in a hooped style. Traditionally this is accompanied by white shorts (often with royal blue or red trim) and black socks with red turn-downs. Rangers moved from the lighter shade of blue to royal blue in 1921, and have had a royal blue home shirt every year since. Black socks were first included in 1883 for five seasons before disappearing for eight years but became a more permanent fixture from 1896 onwards. When the red turn-downs were added to the socks in 1904, the strip began to look more like the modern day Rangers home kit. Occasionally, the home kit will be altered by the shorts and socks, sometimes replacing the black socks with white ones; or replacing the white shorts and black socks combination with royal blue shorts and socks.<ref name="Rangers home historical kits">{{cite web|url=http://www.historicalkits.co.uk/Scottish_Football_League/Rangers/Rangers.htm|title=Rangers|work=Historical Football Kits|publisher=Dave Moor|access-date=17 August 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120624074927/http://www.historicalkits.co.uk/Scottish_Football_League/Rangers/Rangers.htm|archive-date=24 June 2012|url-status=live}}</ref>
The basic design of Rangers away strips has changed far more than the traditional home strip. Rangers original change strip, used between 1876 and 1879, was all white featuring blue and white hooped socks and a light blue [[Star (polygon)#Six-pointed stars|six pointed star]] on the chest. White and red have been the most common colours for Rangers alternate strips, though dark and light blue have also featured highly. In 1994 Rangers introduced a [[third kit]]. This is usually worn if both the home and away kits clash with their opponents. The colours used in the third kits have included combinations of white, red, dark and light blue as well as black.<ref name="Rangers away historical kits">{{cite web|url=http://www.historicalkits.co.uk/Scottish_Football_League/Rangers/Rangers-change-kits.html|title=Rangers Change Kits|work=Historical Football Kits|publisher=Dave Moor|access-date=24 August 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120913081516/http://www.historicalkits.co.uk/Scottish_Football_League/Rangers/Rangers-change-kits.html|archive-date=13 September 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> Orange and blue change strips, first seen in 1993–94,<ref name="Rangers away historical kits" /> worn once in 2002–03<ref name = "2018–19 kits">{{cite news|title=Ladbrokes Scottish Premiership 2018–2019|url=http://historicalkits.co.uk/Scottish_Football_League/season/2018-2019/premiership.html|access-date=12 July 2018|work=Historical Football Kits|publisher=Dave Moor}}</ref> and reintroduced in 2018–19<ref name="2018–19 kits" /> and 2022–23,<ref name="Rangers 22-23 Third Kit Released">{{cite news|title=Rangers 22-23 Third Kit Released|work=footyheadlines.com|publisher=Footy Headlines|accessdate=19 May 2022|url=https://www.footyheadlines.com/2022/05/rangers-22-23-third-kit-released.html|date=10 May 2022}}</ref> have caused controversy because the colours were seen as referencing the [[Orange Order]].<ref name="2018–19 kits" />
{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|-
! colspan="7"|Selection of Rangers kits through history<ref name="Rangers home historical kits" />
|-
|{{Football kit box|pattern_la=|pattern_b=|pattern_ra=|pattern_so=_hoops_white|leftarm=0033FF|body=0033FF|rightarm=0033FF|shorts=FFFFFF|socks=0033FF|alt=The blue shirt, white shorts and blue & white hooped socks. Worn 1873–1879.|title=<div style="text-align:center;">The blue shirt, white shorts and blue & white hooped socks. Worn 1873–1879.</div>}}
|{{Football kit box|pattern_la=|pattern_b=|pattern_ra=|pattern_so=_redtop|leftarm=FFFFFF|body=FFFFFF|rightarm=FFFFFF|shorts=000000|socks=000000|alt=A change kit featuring a white top. Worn 1916–1918, 1921–1932 and 1933–1934.|title=<div style="text-align:center;">A change kit featuring a white top. Worn 1916–1918, 1921–1932 and 1933–1934.</div>}}
|{{Football kit box|pattern_la=|pattern_b=|pattern_ra=|pattern_so=|leftarm=0033FF|body=0033FF|rightarm=0033FF|shorts=FFFFFF|socks=000000|alt=The blue shirt, white shorts and black socks. Worn 1883–1888 and 1896–1904.|title=<div style="text-align:center;">The blue shirt, white shorts and black socks. Worn 1883–1888 and 1896–1904.</div>}}
|{{Football kit box|pattern_la=|pattern_b=_collarwhite|pattern_ra=|pattern_so=_redtop|leftarm=0000FF|body=0000FF|rightarm=0000FF|shorts=FFFFFF|socks=000000|alt=The royal blue shirt with white collar and black socks with red tops. Worn 1921–1957.|title=<div style="text-align:center;">The royal blue shirt with white collar and black socks with red tops. Worn 1921–1957.</div>}}
|{{Football kit box|pattern_la=|pattern_b=|pattern_ra=|pattern_so=_whitetop|leftarm=0000FF|body=0000FF|rightarm=0000FF|shorts=FFFFFF|socks=FF0000|alt=The royal blue shirt and red socks with white tops. Worn 1968–1973.|title=<div style="text-align:center;">The royal blue shirt and red socks with white tops. Worn 1968–1973 and 2012–2013.</div>}}
|{{Football kit box|pattern_la=|pattern_b=|pattern_ra=|pattern_so=_redtop|leftarm=0000FF|body=0000FF|rightarm=0000FF|shorts=FFFFFF|socks=000000|alt=The royal blue shirt and black socks with red tops. Worn 1958–1968 and 1973–1978.|title=<div style="text-align:center;">The royal blue shirt and black socks with red tops. Worn 1958–1968 and 1973–1978.</div>}}
|}
===Kit suppliers and shirt sponsors===
Since 1978, when Rangers signed a deal with [[Umbro]], they have had a specific kit manufacturer and since 1984 have had a kit sponsor. The following tables detail Rangers' shirt sponsors and kit suppliers by year:
{{clear right}}
{| class="wikitable
|-
! colspan=3 | Kit suppliers<ref name="Rangers home historical kits" />
|-
! scope="col" |Period
! scope="col" |Supplier
|-
| scope="row" |1978–1990
| [[Umbro]]
|-
| scope="row" |1990–1992
| [[Admiral Sportswear|Admiral]]
|-
| scope="row" |1992–1997
| [[Adidas]]
|-
| scope="row" |1997–2002
| [[Nike, Inc.|Nike]]
|-
| scope="row" |2002–2005
| [[Diadora]]<ref>{{ cite news | url=http://www.thefreelibrary.com/Football%3A+Diadora+in+Gers+kit+deal.-a083572595| title=Diadora in Gers kit deal| work=The Mirror | first=Kenny |last=Ross| date=8 March 2002}}</ref>
|-
| scope="row" |2005–2013
| [[Umbro]]<ref>{{ cite news | url=http://www.scotsman.com/sport/football/latest/rangers-secure-new-163-6-5m-kit-deal-1-738260| title=Rangers secure new £6.5m kit deal| work=The Scotsman| date=4 March 2005}}</ref>
|-
| scope="row" |2013–2018
| [[Puma (brand)|Puma]]<ref>{{ cite news| url=http://www.rangers.co.uk/news/headlines/item/3459-rangers-announce-new-kit-deal| title=Rangers Announce New Kit Deal| publisher=Rangers F.C.| date=28 February 2013| url-status=dead| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150214151755/http://www.rangers.co.uk/news/headlines/item/3459-rangers-announce-new-kit-deal| archive-date=14 February 2015| df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-scotland-business-21621106| title=Rangers Football Club sign kit deal with Puma|work=BBC News | date=28 February 2013}}</ref>
|-
| scope="row" |2018–2020
| [[Hummel International|Hummel]]<ref>{{ cite news| url=https://rangers.co.uk/news/headlines/rangers-announce-new-kit-deal-with-hummel/| title=Rangers Announce New Kit Deal With Hummel| publisher=Rangers F.C.| date=20 April 2018}}</ref>
|-
| scope="row" |2020–2025
| [[Castore]]<ref>{{cite news| url=https://castore.com/uk/castore-x-rangers-partnership/| title=CASTORE X RANGERS PARTNERSHIP| publisher=Castore| date=15 May 2020}}{{Dead link|date=December 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
|-
| scope="row" |2025–present
| [[Umbro]]<ref>{{ cite news | url=https://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/sport/football/football-news/rangers-play-umbro-strips-next-35107282 | title=Rangers to play in Umbro strips next season as new deal coincides with major Castore decision | work=Daily Record | date=23 April 2025}}</ref>
|}
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="width: 25%; text-align: centr; margin-left:1em; float: left"
|-
! colspan=2 | Front of shirt sponsors<ref name="Rangers home historical kits" />
|-
! scope="col" |Period
! scope="col" |Sponsor
|-
| scope="row" |1984–1987
| CR Smith<ref name=share>{{ cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/1999/feb/25/newsstory.sport1| title=Old Firm pair to share sponsor| work=The Guardian| date=25 February 1999|access-date=16 September 2017}}</ref><ref name=double>{{ cite news |url=http://www.scotsman.com/sport/football/competitions/premiership/magners-shirt-cash-for-celtic-ends-old-firm-double-deals-1-2727282| title=Magners shirt cash for Celtic ends Old Firm double deals| work=The Scotsman| date=9 January 2013|access-date=16 September 2017}}</ref>
|-
| scope="row" |1987–1999
| [[McEwan's|McEwan's Lager]]<ref name=share/><ref name=double/>
|
| scope="row" |1999–2003
| [[NTL Incorporated|NTL]]<ref>{{ cite news | url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-23732888.html| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150329175146/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-23732888.html| url-status=dead| archive-date=29 March 2015| title=Old Firm are united in £13m shirt deal| work=The Herald |first=Rob |last=Robertson| date=20 March 1999}}</ref><ref name=share/>
|-
| scope="row" |2003–2010
| [[Carling Brewery|Carling]]<ref>{{ cite news | url=http://www.thegrocer.co.uk/fmcg/carling-to-sponsor-old-firm/82408.article| title=Carling to sponsor Old Firm| publisher=thegrocer.co.uk| date=3 January 2003}}</ref>
|-
| scope="row" |2010–2013
| [[Tennent Caledonian|Tennent's]]<ref>{{cite news | url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/scot_prem/8495426.stm| title=Celtic & Rangers sign sponsorship deal with Tennent's| work=BBC Sport| date=3 February 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite news| url=http://sport.stv.tv/football/clubs/celtic/209075-celtic-announce-shirt-sponsorship-deal-with-magners/| title=Celtic and Rangers confirm end of joint sponsorship deals after 14 years| publisher=STV Sport| date=9 January 2013| access-date=14 February 2015| archive-date=4 March 2016| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304025516/http://sport.stv.tv/football/clubs/celtic/209075-celtic-announce-shirt-sponsorship-deal-with-magners/| url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
| scope="row" |2013–2014
| [[Blackthorn Cider|Blackthorn]]<ref>{{ cite web| url=http://www.rangers.co.uk/news/headlines/item/3467-blackthorn-deal-announced| title=Blackthorn Deal Announced| publisher=Rangers F.C.| date=1 March 2013| url-status=dead| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141007175513/http://www.rangers.co.uk/news/headlines/item/3467-blackthorn-deal-announced| archive-date=7 October 2014| df=dmy-all}}</ref>
|-
| scope="row" |2014–2023
| [[32Red]]<ref>{{ cite web| url=http://www.rangers.co.uk/news/headlines/item/6754-gers-agree-shirt-deal-with-32red| title=Gers Agree Shirt Deal With 32Red| publisher=Rangers F.C.| date=14 April 2014| url-status=dead| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140415020359/http://www.rangers.co.uk/news/headlines/item/6754-gers-agree-shirt-deal-with-32red| archive-date=15 April 2014| df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{ cite web | url=https://rangers.co.uk/news/headlines/32red-shirt-sponsorship-confirmed/| title=32Red Shirt Sponsorship Confirmed| publisher=Rangers F.C. | date=14 June 2017}}</ref>
|-
| scope="row" |2023–present
| [[Unibet]]<ref>{{ cite web| url=https://www.rangers.co.uk/article/kindred-highlights-its-zero-mission-with-new-rangers-kit-branding/6csTmgbTi6qu0y5qaMnCNq| title=KINDRED HIGHLIGHTS ITS ZERO % MISSION WITH NEW RANGERS KIT BRANDING| publisher=Rangers F.C.| date=9 June 2023 }}</ref><ref>phttps://www.kindredgroup.com/media/press-releases/2017/kindred-group-completes-the-acquisition-of-32red/ In June 2017, 32Red was purchased by [[Kindred Group]] for £175.6 million, Unibet was already a subsidiary of the Group, having been purchased a year earlier.</ref>
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="width: 25%; text-align: centr; margin-left:1em; float: left"
|-
! colspan=3 | Back of shirt sponsors<ref name="Rangers home historical kits" />
|-
! scope="col" |Period
! scope="col" |Sponsor
! scope="col" |Position
|-
| scope="row" |2017–2020
| [[Utilita Energy|Utilita]]<ref>{{ cite news | url=https://rangers.co.uk/news/club/utilita-re-energises-rangers/ | title=Utilita Re-Energises Rangers | publisher=Rangers F.C. | date=5 August 2017}}</ref>
| Top
|-
| scope="row" |2020–2021
| The Energy Check<ref>{{ cite news | url=https://rangers.co.uk/news/club/rangers-announce-the-energy-check-as-new-official-club-partner | title=Rangers announce The Energy Check as new official club partner | publisher=Rangers F.C. | date=21 June 2020}}</ref>
| Bottom
|-
| scope="row" |2020–present
| SEKO Logistics<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.rangers.co.uk/Article/seko-logistics-announced-as-official-logistics-partner/ | title=Seko Logistics Announced As Official Logistics Partner | publisher=Rangers F.C. | date=27 July 2020 }}{{Dead link|date=April 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
| Top
|-
| scope="row" |2021–2022
| Sportemon Go<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sportbusiness.com/news/nft-platform-is-rangers-new-back-of-shirt-sponsor-as-energy-firm-checks-out/|title=NFT platform is Rangers' new back-of-shirt sponsor as energy firm checks out
|date=21 June 2022|website=Sportbusiness}}</ref>
| rowspan="2" | Bottom
|-
| scope="row" |2022–2023
| Socomec<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rangers.co.uk/article/rangers-announce-partnership-with-socomec/69jGAfPcxWlVaamsaHn47|title=Rangerz Announce partnership with Socomec|date=21 June 2022|website=Rangers Football Club, Official Website}}</ref>
|}
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="width: 25%; text-align: centr; margin-left:1em; float: left"
|-
! colspan=3 | Sleeve sponsors<ref name="Rangers home historical kits" />
|-
! scope="col" |Period
! scope="col" |Sponsor
|-
| scope="row" |2020–2022
| Tomket Tires<ref name="ReferenceA">{{Cite web|url=https://www.rangers.co.uk/article/tomket-tires-announced-as-new-sleeve-partner/K4takbE8FZVoOMCJ0mcQH|title=Tomket Tires announced as new sleeve partner|date=28 July 2020|website=Rangers Football Club, Official Website|access-date=28 July 2020|archive-date=28 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200728185943/https://www.rangers.co.uk/article/tomket-tires-announced-as-new-sleeve-partner/K4takbE8FZVoOMCJ0mcQH|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
| scope="row" |2022–present
| BOXT<ref name="ReferenceB">{{Cite web|url=https://www.rangers.co.uk/article/rangers-confirm-boxt-as-official-sleeve-partner/2F1je7mpLKRZRQPeCdBHpn|title=Rangers Confirm BOXT As Official Sleeve Partner|date=9 May 2022|website=Rangers Football Club, Official Website}}</ref>
|}
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="width: 25%; text-align: centr; margin-left:1em; float: left"
|-
! colspan=3 | Shorts sponsors<ref name="Rangers home historical kits" />
|-
! scope="col" |Period
! scope="col" |Sponsor
|-
| scope="row" |2023–present
| AIM Building & Maintenance Services<ref name="ReferenceC">{{Cite web|url=https://www.rangers.co.uk/article/rangers-announce-enhanced-partnership-with-aim-building-and-maintenance/4YWsolEWkwVOTG3DXKgssv|title=Rangers announce enhanced partnership with AIM Building and Maintenance|date=2 December 2023|website=Rangers Football Club, Official Website}}</ref>
|}
{{clear}}
When Rangers played French sides in 1996–97 and 1997–98, they wore the logo of [[Center Parcs Europe|Center Parcs]] instead of [[McEwan's|McEwan's Lager]], due to a French ban on [[alcohol advertising]].<ref name="Alternative to alcohol">{{cite web|url=http://www.truecoloursfootballkits.com/articles/an-alternative-to-alcohol|title=An alternative to alcohol|publisher=True Colours|date=3 July 2009|last=Devlin|first=John|access-date=18 August 2012|quote=Rangers have actually sported the Center Parcs logo during the course of two seasons. It was first worn in the 1996–97 Champions League match at Auxerre. In 1997–98 another Center Parcs logo was worn in the UEFA Cup first round first leg game in Strasbourg where again the 'Gers lost 2–1 (also wearing their change blue shorts)|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120629041811/http://www.truecoloursfootballkits.com/articles/an-alternative-to-alcohol|archive-date=29 June 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> Later matches in France (when the club was sponsored by [[Carling brewery|Carling]]) saw the club play with no shirt sponsor, in 2006<ref>{{cite news | url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/europe/6161154.stm | title=Auxerre 2–2 Rangers |work=BBC Sport | date=23 November 2006 |first=Clive |last=Lindsay}}</ref> and 2007.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/europe/7019587.stm| title=Lyon 0–3 Rangers |work=BBC Sport | date=2 October 2007|first=Colin|last=Moffat}}</ref>
During [[32Red]]'s sponsorship, Rangers faced [[NK Osijek]] in 2018–19 wearing unsponsored training gear due to Croatia's ban on gambling advertising.<ref name="2018–19 kits" /> Team Talk, an arm of the [[Rangers Charity Foundation]], appeared on the shirts on two occasions in 2021–22: away in [[Leipzig]], as Unibet hold no licence for Germany; and in the 2021–22 UEFA Europa League final against Eintracht Frankfurt, as gambling advertisements are banned in Spain.<ref name = "Team Talk">{{cite news|title=Rangers Forced to Have Different Sponsor in Europa League Final|work=footyheadlines.om|publisher=Footy Headlines|date=18 May 2022|accessdate=19 May 2022|url=https://www.footyheadlines.com/2022/05/rangers-forced-to-have-different-sponsor-in-europa-league-final.html}}</ref>
===Mascot===
Broxi Bear is the official [[mascot]] of Rangers. Its name is derived from Rangers' home stadium, Broxi being an anagram of Ibrox. Broxi is a brown [[teddy bear|bear]] with blue inner ears and nose, wearing a Rangers strip.<ref name="bear">{{cite web|title=Sports mascots|url=http://www.mibepa.info/bv/bv508.htm|website=Minka's Bear Passion|access-date=13 March 2016}}</ref> He made his first appearance in a 2–2 draw against [[Raith Rovers F.C.|Raith Rovers]] on 13 November 1993.<ref>{{cite web|title=Rangers Facts|url=https://twitter.com/rangersfacts/status/344220670760194049|website=Twitter|access-date=13 March 2016}}</ref> Broxi was later accompanied by his "wife" Roxi and their "son" Boris<ref name="bear" /> although from 2001 Roxi and Boris no longer made any on-field appearances at Ibrox.<ref>{{cite news|last1=McGivern|first1=Mark|title=Broxi's family put on bench|url=http://www.thefreelibrary.com/Broxi's+family+put+on+bench.-a076012887|access-date=13 March 2016|work=Daily Record|date=29 June 2001}}</ref> Roxi and Boris did continue to appear on some club merchandise.<ref name="bear" /> On 9 September 2017, Roxi and Boris were re-introduced before a 4–1 win against [[Dundee F.C.|Dundee]].
==Stadium and training facility==
{{Main|Ibrox Stadium|Rangers Training Centre}}
The club used a variety of grounds in Glasgow as a venue for home matches in the years between 1872 and 1899. The first was Fleshers' Haugh, situated on [[Glasgow Green]], followed by [[Burnbank Park]] in the [[Kelvinbridge]] area of the city, and then [[Kinning Park (sports ground)|Kinning Park]] for ten years from the mid-1870s to the mid-1880s. From February of the 1886–87 season, Cathkin Park was used until the [[Ibrox Park (1887–1899)|first Ibrox Park]], in the [[Ibrox, Glasgow|Ibrox]] area of south-west Glasgow, was inaugurated for the following season. Ibrox Stadium in its current incarnation was originally designed by the architect [[Archibald Leitch]], a Rangers fan who also played a part in the design of, among others, [[Old Trafford]] in Manchester and [[Arsenal Stadium|Highbury]] in London. The stadium was inaugurated on 30 December 1899, and Rangers defeated [[Heart of Midlothian F.C.|Hearts]] 3–1 in the first match held there.<ref name="Archibald leitch">{{cite web|url=http://www.friendsofscotland.gov.uk/culture/football.html|title=Scottish football|date=June 2006|work=Global Friends of Scotland|publisher=Scottish Government|access-date=24 August 2012|quote=Scotland's contributions to the development of the game were equally impressive in other areas. Glaswegian born architect Archibald Leitch was the pioneering football stadium designer of his day – by the 1920s 16 out of 22 of England's First Division stadiums were Leitch designs. The most famous example of his work still in existence is probably Ibrox. (This would undoubtedly please Leitch, who was a devout Rangers fan.)|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061004113451/http://www.friendsofscotland.gov.uk/culture/football.html|archive-date=4 October 2006|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Rangers consider ibrox expansion">{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/teams/r/rangers/7173756.stm|title=Rangers consider Ibrox expansion|work=BBC Sport|date=6 January 2008|access-date=24 August 2012|quote=The plans, one of three options being considered by the club, could see the stadium in Glasgow completely rebuilt with a new capacity of 70,000. Rangers would retain the Bill Struth main stand, which is designated as a Category B listed building. Ibrox currently holds 51,082 fans, behind Hampden Park and Celtic Park.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110127125719/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/teams/r/rangers/7173756.stm|archive-date=27 January 2011|url-status=live}}</ref>
{{wide image|Glasgow Rangers vs Hearts, Ibrox Stadium, 23 July 2011.jpg|1000px|alt=A panorama of Ibrox Stadium from the Broomloan Road End. This picture was taken the first match of the 2011–12 season, against Heart of Midlothian.|A panorama of Ibrox Stadium from the Broomloan Road End. This picture was taken during the first match of the 2011–12 SPL season, Rangers vs Heart of Midlothian.}}
Rangers' training facility is located in the Auchenhowie area of [[Milngavie]], Glasgow; it was initially named Murray Park after former chairman and owner Sir David Murray, but has since been [[Rangers Training Centre|renamed]]. It was proposed by then-manager Dick Advocaat upon his arrival at the club in 1998.<ref name="First foreign manager" /> It was completed in 2001 at a cost of £14 million. The training centre was the first purpose-built facility of its kind in Scotland, and incorporates features including nine football [[Association football pitch|pitches]], a gym, a [[hydrotherapy]] pool and a video-editing suite. Rangers' youth teams are also accommodated at the centre, with around 140 players between under-10 and under-19 age groups using the facilities. International club teams playing in Scotland, as well as national sides, have previously used the centre for training, and Advocaat's [[South Korea national football team|South Korea team]] used it for training prior to the [[2006 FIFA World Cup|2006 World Cup]].<ref name="Working with kids at murray park">{{cite news|url=http://www.heraldscotland.com/sport/football/working-with-kids-is-its-own-reward-for-the-man-in-charge-at-murray-park.17144559?_=343ae8e26ca054cfcc1f6cbfe5781dddc9059adc|title=Working with kids is its own reward for the man in charge at Murray Park|work=The Herald|___location=Glasgow|date=26 March 2012|access-date=4 January 2013|author=MacDonald, Hugh|quote=Ally McCoist, the manager, normally leaves Sinclair and his staff to choose the youngsters but sometimes will stipulate who he and the first-team staff want. "That daily exposure is priceless," says Sinclair. "The boys become comfortable with the staff and first-team players. If they were round there [first-team pitches] once every six months, it would be a trial but it is a regular process. [Danny] Wilson, [John] Fleck and Little were all steeped in that."|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130604221715/http://www.heraldscotland.com/sport/football/working-with-kids-is-its-own-reward-for-the-man-in-charge-at-murray-park.17144559?_=343ae8e26ca054cfcc1f6cbfe5781dddc9059adc|archive-date=4 June 2013|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Murray Park">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kH8jMcBSqUIC&q=rangers+player+graduated+from+murray+park&pg=PT84|title=For Richer, for Poorer: The Murray Years|publisher=Random House|author=Smith, Paul|year=2012|isbn=9781780572826|quote=add quote}}</ref>
==Club identity, supporters and relations with other clubs==
{{main|Rangers F.C. supporters}}
{{see also|Club 1872|Rangers Fans Fighting Fund|2008 UEFA Cup final riots}}
Rangers are one of the best supported clubs in Europe, the figure for the [[2017–18 Rangers F.C. season|2017–18 season]] being in the 20 largest home league attendances in Europe.<ref name="Average home attendance">{{cite web|url=http://www.fitbastats.com/rangers/club_records_league_attendance.php|title=Average Home League Game Attendances|publisher=fitbastats|author1=Bobby Sinnet|author2=Thomas Jamieson|access-date=14 July 2014|quote=2013/2014 42,938|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120911123438/http://www.fitbastats.com/rangers/club_records_league_attendance.php|archive-date=11 September 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> A study of stadium attendance figures from 2013 to 2018 by the ''[[International Centre for Sports Studies|CIES Football Observatory]]'' ranked Rangers at 18th in the world during that period, with Rangers' accounting for 27.4% of total Scottish attendance, placing them eighth overall for national attendance share.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/47929074|title=Celtic & Rangers among top 20 most watched clubs|work=BBC Sport|date=16 April 2019|access-date=17 April 2019}}</ref>
The Rangers Worldwide Alliance is a network of supporters clubs that was set up for the benefit of the club and the fans. There are more than 600 registered supporters clubs with over 30,000 registered members. There are also many unregistered supporters clubs currently active. The official club website lists over 100 supporters' clubs in Great Britain and Northern Ireland,<ref name="UK supporters clubs">{{cite web|url=http://www.rangers.co.uk/fans/uk-supporters-clubs|title=UK Supporters Clubs|publisher=Rangers F.C.|access-date=24 August 2012|quote=There are more than 600 registered supporters clubs with over 30,000 registered members and these continue to grow, in keeping with the vision the club initially had.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121006051133/http://www.rangers.co.uk/fans/uk-supporters-clubs|archive-date=6 October 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> with over 100 further clubs spread across over 35 countries around the world.<ref name="World support clubs">{{cite web|url=http://www.rangers.co.uk/fans/global-supporters-clubs|title=Global Supporters Clubs|publisher=Rangers F.C.|access-date=24 August 2012|archive-date=17 November 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121117010901/http://www.rangers.co.uk/fans/global-supporters-clubs|url-status=dead}}</ref>
Rangers fans have contributed to several records for high attendances,<ref name="End to end stuff">{{cite book|title=End to End Stuff|publisher=Random House|author=Scott, Les|year=2008|page=17|isbn=9780593060681|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cqhm26eVPYMC&q=end+to+end+stuff|quote=The Record attendance for a friendly match in the United Kingdom is 104,493, who saw Rangers lose 3–2 to Eintracht Frankfurt at Hampden Park on 17 October 1961.|access-date=24 August 2012}}</ref> including the highest home attendance for a league fixture, 118,567 on 2 January 1939.<ref name="Record attendance"/> Rangers record highest attendance was against Hibernian on 27 March 1948 in the [[Scottish Cup]] semi-final at [[Hampden Park]]. Rangers beat Hibernian 1–0 in front of a packed 143,570 crowd.
In 2008, up to 200,000 Rangers supporters, many without match tickets, travelled to Manchester for the [[2008 UEFA Cup final|UEFA Cup Final]].<ref name="Rangers invasion: your views">{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/manchester/content/articles/2008/05/15/150508_rangers_invasion_feature.shtml|title=Rangers invasion: your views
|date=15 May 2008|access-date=15 May 2008|quote=It was always going to put a massive strain on the city. An invasion of up to 200,000 Rangers supporters for the UEFA Cup Final in Manchester swamped the city's pubs and bars and the dedicated fan zones.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150925071448/http://www.bbc.co.uk/manchester/content/articles/2008/05/15/150508_rangers_invasion_feature.shtml|archive-date=25 September 2015|url-status=live|publisher=BBC Manchester}}</ref><ref name="Fans pile into manchester">{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/european/police-to-boost-security-for-rangers-manchester-visit-2063388.html|title=150,000 Rangers fans descended on the city for the Uefa Cup final in 2008|work=The Independent|date=27 August 2010|author=Nisbet, John|access-date=24 August 2012|quote=But the chief executive at Rangers, Martin Bain, insists there will be no repeat of the scenes of crowd misbehaviour which marred the club's last visit to Manchester. Some 200,000 Rangers fans descended on the city for the Uefa Cup final in 2008 and trouble started when a giant screen failed to work.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121111225325/http://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/european/police-to-boost-security-for-rangers-manchester-visit-2063388.html|archive-date=11 November 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> Despite most supporters behaving "impeccably",<ref name="Fans riot in manchester">{{cite news|url=http://www.metro.co.uk/sport/football/147730-rangers-fans-clash-with-riot-police-after-uefa-cup-final-defeat|title=Rangers fans clash with riot police after Uefa Cup final defeat|work=Metro|date=14 May 2008|access-date=24 August 2012|quote=GMP would like to stress that the vast majority of supporters have behaved impeccably and came to Manchester clearly intent on enjoying the carnival atmosphere.|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130114031330/http://www.metro.co.uk/sport/football/147730-rangers-fans-clash-with-riot-police-after-uefa-cup-final-defeat|archive-date=14 January 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref> Rangers fans were involved in [[2008 UEFA Cup final riots|serious trouble and rioting]]. A minority of fans rioted in the city centre, clashing [[violence|violently]] with police and damaging property, resulting in 42 being arrested for a variety of offences.<ref name="Majority fans well behaved">{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2008/may/15/ukcrime1|title=Rangers fans clashed with riot police|date=15 May 2008|access-date=24 August 2012|quote=A full inquiry was under way today after Rangers fans clashed with riot police in Manchester last night after their team's defeat by Zenit St Petersburg in the Uefa Cup final.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120727045212/http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/2008/may/15/ukcrime1|archive-date=27 July 2012|url-status=live|work=The Guardian|author1=Carter, Helen|author2=Orr, James}}</ref><ref name="Minority of supporter riot">{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/scotland/glasgow_and_west/7400641.stm|title=Rangers fans take long road home|date=15 May 2008|access-date=24 August 2012|quote=A number of supporters clashed with riot police after a big screen in Manchester broke down. Officers later confirmed 42 people had been arrested.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131104072130/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/scotland/glasgow_and_west/7400641.stm|archive-date=4 November 2013|url-status=live|work=BBC News}}</ref><ref name="Fans chase police">{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/manchester/7402858.stm|title=CCTV shows fans chasing police|work=BBC News|date=15 May 2008|access-date=24 August 2012|quote=Police in Manchester have released CCTV images showing up to 200 football fans chasing officers and attacking one of them after the Uefa Cup final.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120320134311/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/manchester/7402858.stm|archive-date=20 March 2012|url-status=live}}</ref>
In 2021, Rangers supporters were widely criticised, including by [[Nicola Sturgeon]], [[John Swinney]] and [[Humza Yousaf]], after they gathered in [[George Square]] to celebrate the club winning the Scottish Premiership.<ref>{{cite news |last= |first= |date=7 March 2021 |title=Nicola Sturgeon condemns ‘disgraceful’ scenes as Rangers fans celebrate |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/sport/soccer/nicola-sturgeon-condemns-disgraceful-scenes-as-rangers-fans-celebrate-1.4503831 |work=[[Irish Times]] |___location= |publisher= |access-date=18 June 2025}}</ref> 53 Rangers supporters were arrested following the celebration, which was in breach of COVID-19 lockdown regulations,<ref>{{cite news |last= |first= |date=5 July 2021 |title=More than 50 arrested over Rangers crowd trouble in George Square |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-scotland-glasgow-west-57728357 |work=[[BBC News]] |___location= |publisher= |access-date=18 June 2025}}</ref> and in excess of £58,000 worth of damage was done to the square.<ref>{{cite news |last=Williams |first=Martin |date=25 May 2021 |title=Condemnation over £58,000 clear up bill after Rangers fans' George Square title party |url=https://www.heraldscotland.com/news/19327577.condemnation-58-000-clear-bill-rangers-fans-george-square-title-celebrations/ |work= |___location= |publisher= |access-date=18 June 2025}}</ref>
In 2022, Rangers also took the largest-ever travelling support abroad when an estimated 100,000 fans arrived in Seville for the [[2022 UEFA Europa League Final|UEFA Europa League Final]].<ref name="bbc.co.uk"/> No arrests were made in Seville as Rangers supporters impressed the Spanish police with their good behaviour.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.scotsman.com/sport/football/rangers-in-seville-no-arrests-as-gers-fans-impress-spanish-police-with-their-good-behaviour-3701690|title=Rangers in Seville: No arrests as Gers fans impress Spanish police with their good behaviour|work=The Scotsman|author=Wilkie, Stephen|date=19 May 2022|access-date=5 July 2022}}</ref>
Supporters group [[Club 1872]] are shareholders in the club.
{{wide image|2008_UEFA_Cup_Final_-_Piccadilly_Gardens_-_Rangers.jpg|1000px|alt=A panorama of Rangers supporters at the 2008 UEFA Cup final, in the Piccadilly Gardens fan zone. This picture was taken during the day before the match against Zenit Saint Petersburg on 14 May 2008.|A panorama of Rangers supporters at the 2008 UEFA Cup final, in the Piccadilly Gardens fan zone. This picture was taken during the day, before the match against Zenit Saint Petersburg on 14 May 2008.}}
===Rivalries===
[[File:Oldfirm.jpg|thumb|Rangers fans (right) at an Old Firm match away to Celtic in 2004]]
The club's most distinct rivalry is with Glasgow neighbours [[Celtic F.C.|Celtic]]; the two clubs are collectively known as the [[Old Firm]]. Rangers' traditional support is largely drawn from the [[Protestantism|Protestant]] [[Unionism in Scotland|Unionist]] community, whilst Celtic's traditional support is largely drawn from the [[Catholic Church|Catholic]] community. The first Old Firm match was won by Celtic and there have been over four hundred matches played to date. The Old Firm rivalry has fuelled many assaults, sometimes leading to deaths, on Old Firm derby days; an activist group that monitors [[Sectarianism|sectarian]] activity in Glasgow has reported that on Old Firm weekends, admissions to hospital emergency rooms have increased over normal levels and journalist [[Franklin Foer]] noted that in the period from 1996 to 2003, eight deaths in Glasgow were directly linked to Old Firm matches, as well as hundreds of assaults.<ref name="101 places not to see before you die">{{cite book|title=101 Places Not to See Before You Die|publisher=Harper Collins|author=Price, Catherine|year=2010|isbn=9780061787768|url=https://archive.org/details/101placesnottose00cath|url-access=registration|quote=On Old Firm weekends, admission rates for local hospitals increase ninefold, and the cumulative total for arrests at Old Firm games is the highest in the world.|access-date=24 August 2012|pages=[https://archive.org/details/101placesnottose00cath/page/174 174], 175}}</ref><ref name="old firm dnt need big stars">{{cite news|url=http://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/sport/football/old-firm-dont-need-a-messi-1089843|title=Old Firm don't need a Messi or Ronaldo to be biggest derby in world, says Ali Russell|work=Daily Record|date=18 December 2011|access-date=24 August 2012|author=Haggerty, Anthony|quote=RANGERS operations chief Ali Russell insists the Old Firm rivalry is the biggest in the world – because a billion fans tune in to watch two teams devoid of world stars.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130731184909/http://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/sport/football/old-firm-dont-need-a-messi-1089843|archive-date=31 July 2013|url-status=live}}</ref>
The [[Aberdeen F.C.–Rangers F.C. rivalry|bitter rivalry]] with [[Aberdeen F.C.|Aberdeen]] developed following an incident in the 1979 League Cup final when Rangers' [[Derek Johnstone]] provoked the fury of the Dons support with what they believed was a blatant dive but which resulted in the dismissal of Aberdeen's [[Doug Rougvie]] and a Rangers victory.<ref name="When two tribes go to war">[http://www.heraldscotland.com/sport/spl/aberdeen/when-two-tribes-go-to-war-1.200148 When two tribes go to war] ''The Herald'' (Glasgow). Retrieved 30 November 2013.</ref> Then, the following season, Aberdeen's [[John McMaster (footballer, born 1955)|John McMaster]] had to be given the [[Mouth-to-mouth resuscitation|kiss of life]] at Ibrox after a stamp on his throat by [[Willie Johnston]].<ref name="When two tribes go to war"/> Relations between fans were further soured during a league match on 8 October 1988, when Aberdeen player [[Neil Simpson]]'s tackle on Rangers' Ian Durrant resulted in Durrant being injured for two years.<ref name="Rangers aberdeen rivalry">{{Cite web|date=2019-02-06|title=Aberdeen v Rangers: a rivalry inflamed by a terrible tackle|url=http://www.theguardian.com/football/that-1980s-sports-blog/2019/feb/06/aberdeen-rangers-horrific-tackle-changed-rivalry-durrant-souness|access-date=2021-02-10|website=The Guardian|language=en}}</ref> Resentment continued and in 1998 an article in a Rangers match programme branded Aberdeen fans "scum", although Rangers later issued a "full and unreserved apology" to Aberdeen and their supporters, which was accepted by Aberdeen.<ref name="Rangers issue apology to Aberdeen">{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football-rangers-apologise-to-aberdeen-1185731.html|title=Rangers apologise to Aberdeen|access-date=28 January 2010|work=The Independent|date=18 November 1998|quote=RANGERS ISSUED a full public apology to Aberdeen last night for labelling a section of the Pittodrie club's support "scum" in last Saturday's Ibrox matchday programme. Stewart Milne, the Aberdeen chairman, protested to Bob Brannan, the Rangers chief executive, yesterday about the anonymous article which also branded the Dons' team as "under-achievers and money-grabbers"|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121108223605/http://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football-rangers-apologise-to-aberdeen-1185731.html|archive-date=8 November 2012|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="History of bad blood">{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/scotland/1770821.stm|title=A history of bad blood|date=19 January 2002|access-date=28 January 2010|work=BBC Sport|quote=The catalyst for the recent venom between the two sets of supporters was the 1988 incident involving Neil Simpson and Ian Durrant.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120709164336/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/scotland/1770821.stm|archive-date=9 July 2012|url-status=live}}</ref>
Rangers' relaunch in the Third Division in the 2012–13 season led to the club's original rivalry with [[Queen's Park F.C.|Queen's Park]] being renewed for the first time since 1958 in the league. Rangers and Queen's Park first played each other in March 1879, some nine years before the start of the Old Firm rivalry.<ref name="Old rivalry 1">{{cite news|url=http://www.scotsman.com/sport/football/sfl-division-three/rangers-v-queen-s-park-renewing-an-age-old-rivalry-1-2575574|title=Rangers v Queen's Park: Renewing an age-old rivalry|work=The Scotsman|author=Smith, Andrew|date=14 October 2012|access-date=14 October 2012|quote=IT HAS been billed by the Ibrox club as the "original Glasgow derby". It might equally be argued that their hosting of Queen's Park in the Third Division on Saturday is the newest Glasgow derby.<br />...<br />Although the teams last met in a League Cup tie 21 years ago and regularly jousted in the Glasgow Cup in the two decades before that, there has not been a league meeting since 1958, the year Queen's Park last played top-flight football. The fact the confrontation has returned to the calendar in a wholly different form was best encapsulated by Rangers ambassador Sandy Jardine.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121118161221/http://www.scotsman.com/sport/football/sfl-division-three/rangers-v-queen-s-park-renewing-an-age-old-rivalry-1-2575574|archive-date=18 November 2012|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Old rivalry 2">{{cite news|url=http://www.heraldscotland.com/sport/football/old-rivalry-renewed.19134396?|title=Old rivalry renewed|work=The Herald|___location=Glasgow|date=14 October 2012|access-date=14 October 2012|author=Fisher, Stewart|quote=Queen's Park and Rangers, two teams that first met competitively in a Scottish Cup tie in March 1879, some nine years before Celtic were formed, meet in an Irn-Bru Third division encounter at Ibrox.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121016233432/http://www.heraldscotland.com/sport/football/old-rivalry-renewed.19134396|archive-date=16 October 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> Matches with Queen's Park were advertised as the "[[Original Glasgow derby]]" by Rangers and the Scottish media; and as the "Oldest Derby in the World" by Queen's Park.<ref name="Oldist derby in the world">{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/teams/rangers/9621143/Rangers-and-Queens-Park-ready-to-resurrect-worlds-oldest-derby.html|title=Rangers and Queen's Park ready to resurrect world's oldest derby|work=The Daily Telegraph|date=19 October 2012|access-date=16 January 2013|author=Forsyth, Roddy|quote=The Old Firm collision it most certainly is not – to the relief of Glasgow's constabulary and A&E departments – but Saturday afternoon's visit of Queen's Park to Ibrox will draw the UK's second biggest crowd and resurrect a fixture that first appeared in the records in 1875 when the pair played a charity match in aid of fire victims.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130112104214/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/teams/rangers/9621143/Rangers-and-Queens-Park-ready-to-resurrect-worlds-oldest-derby.html|archive-date=12 January 2013|url-status=live}}</ref>
===Sectarianism===
{{main|Sectarianism in Glasgow}}
[[John Ure Primrose]], chairman of Rangers from 1912 to 1923, has been described as sharpening Rangers' Protestant Unionist identity and anti-Catholic identity, contributing to the absence of openly Catholic players from the team.<ref name="Protestant">{{cite book|title=Fear and loathing in world football|publisher=Berg Publishers|author1=Armstrong, Gary|author2=Giulianotti, Richard|year=2001|pages=25, 26|isbn=1-85973-463-4|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CJxIbXQfE1IC|access-date=15 August 2012|quote=Primrose was associated with the most virulent anti-Catholic and anti-Irish sentiment, and was openly allied with the orange order.}}</ref> From the early 20th century onwards, [[Rangers F.C. signing policy|Rangers had a policy of not signing Catholic players]], or employing Catholics in other prominent roles.<ref name="Non catholic signing policy">{{cite book|title=The Old Firm: Sectarianism, Sport and Society in Scotland|publisher=John Donald Publishers|author=Murray, William J.|year=2000|pages=60,64,65,189|isbn=9780859765428}}</ref><ref name="Non catholic signing policy 2">{{cite book|title=Football: A Sociology of the Global Game|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|author=Giulianotti, Richard|year=1999|page=18|isbn=9780745617695|quote=Historically Rangers have maintained a staunch Protestant and anti-Catholic tradition which includes a ban on signing Catholic players.}}</ref><ref name="Non catholic signing policy 3">{{cite book|title=Glasgow, the Uneasy Peace: Religious Tension in Modern Scotland, 1819–1914|publisher=Manchester University Press ND|author=Gallagher, Tom|year=1987|page=[https://archive.org/details/glasgowuneasypea00gall/page/300 300]|isbn=9780719023965|url=https://archive.org/details/glasgowuneasypea00gall|url-access=registration|access-date=18 August 2012|quote=The conflict in Ireland failed to be the catalyst which swept the religious cobwebs from the Ibrox-based club's terraces and boardroom. One of its managers even had no qualms in the 1970s about urging his players to roar out the loyalist battle-cry 'No Surrender' as they ran up the tunnel at Ibrox.}}</ref><ref name="Non catholic signing policy 4">{{cite book|title=Graeme Souness: A Manager's Diary|publisher=Mainstream Publishing|author1=Souness, Graeme|author2=Gallacher, Ken|author-link1=Graeme Souness|year=1989|page=17|isbn=9781851582242|quote=For years Rangers have been pilloried for what the majority of people saw as discrimination against one section of the population. Now we have shown that this unwritten policy at Ibrox is over. It's finished. Done with.}}</ref>
In 1989, Rangers signed [[Mo Johnston]], "their first major Roman Catholic signing".<ref name="First roman catholic">{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=2507&dat=19890711&id=Qw01AAAAIBAJ&pg=5286,2680408|title=Ibrox lands double coup with Johnston|work=The Herald|___location=Glasgow|date=11 July 1989|access-date=18 August 2012|author=Laing, Allan|page=1|quote=Rangers yesterday paraded their latest, and most controversial signing, Maurice Johnston, in the process demolishing any remaining they were sectarian, and upstaging their arch-rivals Celtic.}}</ref> Johnston was the first high-profile Catholic to sign for the club since the [[World War I]] era, though other Catholics had signed for Rangers before.<ref name="Non catholic signing policy" /><ref name="Other catholics had signed before">{{cite book|title=Football Against the Enemy|publisher=Orion|author=Kuper, Simon|author-link=Simon Kuper|year=2006|isbn=0-7528-4877-1}}</ref> Since Johnston's signing, an influx of overseas footballers has contributed to Catholic players becoming commonplace at Rangers.<ref name="Influx of foreign unwritten rule abolished">{{cite web|url=http://www.newstatesman.com/books/2012/03/celtic-firm-rangers-football|title=Decline and fall of the Old Firm|work=New Statesman|date=18 March 2012|access-date=18 August 2012|author=Kuper, Simon|quote=In the past 15 years, both clubs have tried to stamp out bigotry, largely for pragmatic reasons. The IRA guff puts off sponsors and when the market in foreign footballers opened up in the 1990s, the old prohibition on signing Catholics became irksome for Rangers. Many of the foreign players who have since come to Glasgow must have struggled to remember whether they were playing for the Protestant team or the Catholic one.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121111063511/http://www.newstatesman.com/books/2012/03/celtic-firm-rangers-football|archive-date=11 November 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> In 1999, [[Lorenzo Amoruso]] became the first Catholic captain of the club.<ref name="First catholic captain">{{cite news|url=http://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/sport/football/former-old-firm-italians-give-1038540|title=Former Old Firm Italians give their take on derby clash|date=7 October 2009|access-date=18 August 2012|work=Daily Record|quote=I've been Rangers' first Catholic captain|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130731181321/http://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/sport/football/former-old-firm-italians-give-1038540|archive-date=31 July 2013|url-status=live}}</ref>
Rangers partnered with Celtic to form the Old Firm Alliance, an initiative aimed at educating children from across Glasgow about issues like healthy eating and fitness, as well as awareness of anti-social behaviour, sectarianism and racism. The club's Follow With Pride campaign was launched in 2007 to improve the club's image and build on previous anti-sectarian and anti-racist campaigns.<ref name="Rangers and celtic team together to tackle sectarianism">{{cite news|url=http://www.scotsman.com/sport/spl-remains-tight-lipped-over-report-on-parkhead-chanting-1-830134|title=SPL Remains tight-lipped over report on Parkhead chanting|work=The Scotsman|author=Rumsby, Ben|date=18 February 2009|access-date=18 August 2012|quote=THE Scottish Premier League has confirmed it has received the match delegate's report from the Old Firm derby but refused to divulge if alleged sectarian chanting from Rangers fans was mentioned within it.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121021134034/http://www.scotsman.com/sport/spl-remains-tight-lipped-over-report-on-parkhead-chanting-1-830134|archive-date=21 October 2012|url-status=live}}</ref>{{#tag:ref|Racism has been directed at players on the pitch at Rangers games, including at former Celtic player Bobo Balde.<ref name="Root out racism">{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2003/mar/10/newsstory.sport6|title=Rangers to root out racists|work=The Guardian|date=10 March 2003|access-date=19 August 2012|quote=Rangers chairman John McClelland has vowed to root out the racist fans who booed whenever Celtic's Bobo Balde and Momo Sylla had possession during his club's Old Firm derby defeat on Saturday.|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130114025212/http://www.guardian.co.uk/football/2003/mar/10/newsstory.sport6|archive-date=14 January 2013|url-status=live}}</ref>|group="n"}} [[William Gaillard]], UEFA's Director of Communications, commended the SFA and Scottish clubs, including Rangers, for their actions in fighting discrimination.<ref name="UEFA applaud rangers for fighting sectarianism">{{cite news|url=http://www.scotsman.com/sport/football/top-football-stories/sfa-praised-for-stance-on-bigotry-1-725107|title=SFA praised for stance on bigotry|work=The Scotsman|access-date=24 August 2012|date=13 November 2006|author=Wright, Angus|quote="Education and prevention is what we are really looking at and Scotland is a great example of somewhere where that has done a tremendous amount in practically eradicating the worst features of discrimination."|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121019032211/http://www.scotsman.com/sport/football/top-football-stories/sfa-praised-for-stance-on-bigotry-1-725107|archive-date=19 October 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> In September 2007, UEFA praised Rangers for the measures the club has taken against sectarianism.<ref name="UEFA praise rangers for there work">{{cite news|url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/sport/football/scotland/article2501036.ece|title=Uefa praises Rangers for action on bigotry|work=The Times|date= 21 September 2007|access-date=22 March 2009|author=Spiers, Graham|author-link=Graham Spiers}}{{dead link|date=September 2024|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}{{subscription required}}</ref><ref name="Uefa praise rangers work 2">{{cite web|url=http://empower-sport.com/focus/scottish-premier-league/43-no-surrender-to-bigotry-.html|title=No Surrender to Bigotry|work=Empower-Sport British Supplement|publisher=Empower-Sport|date=20 February 2009|access-date=18 August 2012|author=Sekar, Satish|author-link=Satish Sekar|quote=Both UEFA and FIFA hold Rangers up as a positive example of a club determined to tackle the problem that threatens its future. And the SFA joins in that praise. "On the sectarianism front Rangers have tried to develop a policy across the Protestant/Catholic divide," says Mr Mitchell. "They have imposed a large number of life bans on supporters who have been identified and found guilty of sectarian behaviour." And Rangers is not alone in taking such action. "Generally speaking it is by the clubs," he says. "If there is a criminal prosecution that has an effect as well, but the clubs themselves have taken that action off their own back, because they have the right to decide who can come into the stadium or not."|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110815161655/http://empower-sport.com/focus/scottish-premier-league/43-no-surrender-to-bigotry-.html|archive-date=15 August 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref>
Sectarian chanting by supporters has continued to incur criticism and sanctions upon the club as well as convictions against individuals identified.<ref>[http://www.heraldscotland.com/sport/14172111.SPFL_may_take_action_against_Rangers_over_sectarian_singing/ SPFL may take action against Rangers over sectarian singing] ''The Herald'' (Glasgow), 29 December 2015.</ref><ref>[http://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/news/scottish-news/rangers-fan-jailed-for-three-months-1399629 Rangers fan jailed for three months for sectarian chanting at football ground] ''Daily Record'' (Scotland), 26 October 2012.</ref> In 1999, the vice-chairman of The Rangers Football Club Ltd, [[Donald Findlay]], resigned after being filmed singing sectarian songs during a supporters club event.<ref name="Findley songs inquiry">{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sport/football/scottish_premier/357392.stm|title=Findlay songs inquiry launched|date=9 June 1999|work=BBC News|access-date=18 August 2012|quote=The Faculty of Advocates is to investigate complaints against the leading Scottish lawyer Donald Findlay QC after he was captured on camera singing sectarian songs.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120124044538/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/sport/football/scottish_premier/357392.stm|archive-date=24 January 2012|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Findley caught singing songs">{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/im-catholic-in-a-football-sense-1097932.html|title=I'm Catholic in a football sense|work=The Independent|date=4 June 1999|access-date=18 August 2012|author=O'Sullivan, Jack|quote=Findlay, Scotland's leading criminal lawyer, is a Protestant and proud of it. But he was embarrassed to be caught on video singing sectarian songs. They included "The Billy Boys", a verse of which goes: "We're up to our knees in Fenian blood, Surrender or you die, We are the Billy Boys."|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131216081910/http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/im-catholic-in-a-football-sense-1097932.html|archive-date=16 December 2013|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Findley interview">{{cite press release|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2002/07_july/01/donald_findlay.shtml|title=On the Ropes – Donald Findlay QC|publisher=BBC Press Office|author=Humphrys, John|author-link=John Humphrys|date=2 July 2002|access-date=18 August 2012|quote=Donald Findlay QC tells John Humphrys about the effect singing sectarian, anti-Catholic songs at a party for Glasgow Rangers had on his life, and how he, at one stage, even contemplated suicide.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181104062632/http://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2002/07_july/01/donald_findlay.shtml|archive-date=4 November 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> UEFA's Control and Disciplinary Body has punished Rangers for incidents during European ties, most notably [[Villarreal CF|Villarreal]] in 2006,<ref name="Fans singing 1">{{cite web|url=https://www.uefa.com/news-media/news/01b5-0f84878f639f-ae9d924c5922-1000--rangers-appeal-upheld/|title=Rangers appeal upheld|publisher=UEFA|date=25 May 2006|access-date=18 August 2012|quote=UEFA appealed against the decision on 12 April by the Control and Disciplinary Body to find Rangers not guilty of alleged discriminatory chants by the club's supporters at both legs of the tie, on 22 February at Ibrox and 7 March at El Madrigal. Rangers have been fined €19,500 and severely warned about their responsibility for any future misconduct by their fans in relation to sectarian and discriminatory behaviour.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130604131843/http://www.uefa.com/uefa/footballfirst/matchorganisation/disciplinary/news/newsid=424237.html|archive-date=4 June 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> [[CA Osasuna|Osasuna]] in 2007,<ref name="Uefa fine rangers and osasuna">{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/teams/r/rangers/6564745.stm|title=Uefa fine for Rangers and Osasuna|work=BBC Sport|date=3 May 2007|access-date=18 August 2012|quote=Rangers have been fined £8,280 by Uefa for the behaviour of their fans during their match against Osasuna – but the Spanish club must pay £31,000.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130114143525/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/teams/r/rangers/6564745.stm|archive-date=14 January 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> [[PSV Eindhoven]] in 2011,<ref name="Fans singing 2">{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/12996888.stm|title=Rangers to contest Uefa sectarian singing charge|work=BBC Sport|date=7 April 2011|access-date=18 August 2012|quote=Rangers are to face a Uefa disciplinary hearing over allegations of sectarian singing during last month's Europa League match away to PSV Eindhoven. The club's chief executive Martin Bain says they are "utterly dismayed" by the decision and that they will defend the club's position "vigorously".|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120314141118/http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/12996888|archive-date=14 March 2012|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Fans singing 3">{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/13218273.stm|title=Uefa fines Rangers and bans fans for one away game|work=BBC Sport|date=28 April 2011|access-date=28 April 2011|quote=Uefa has fined Rangers 40,000 euros (£35,652) and banned its fans from the next away European game for sectarian singing in a match at PSV Eindhoven.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120507084751/http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/13218273|archive-date=7 May 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> and at Ibrox in 2019.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/49449628|title=Rangers: Uefa orders Ibrox section to close after 'sectarian singing'|publisher=BBC|date=23 August 2019|access-date=23 August 2019}}</ref> In February 2015, following sectarian singing from Rangers fans at a match at Raith Rovers, the [[Scottish Professional Football League|SPFL]] came in for criticism for their failure or inability to deal with the issue.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/31629957 Sectarian chants provoke SPFL review of spectator misconduct] BBC, 28 February 2015.</ref> However, there have been cases of the police and courts taking action, with Rangers fans having been charged, convicted and jailed for sectarian behaviour.<ref>[http://www.scotsman.com/news/three-rangers-fans-guilty-of-sectarian-behaviour-1-3751234 Three Rangers fans guilty of sectarian behaviour] ''The Scotsman'', 22 April 2015.</ref>
Rangers' use of orange and blue change strips, first worn in 1993–94,<ref name="Rangers away historical kits" /> once in 2002–03<ref name = "2018–19 kits"/> and reintroduced in 2018–19<ref name="2018–19 kits" /> and 2022–23,<ref name="Rangers 22-23 Third Kit Released"/> has caused controversy because the colours are seen as referencing the [[Orange Order]].<ref name="2018–19 kits" />
===Politics===
Rangers have historically embodied a stark Protestant, Unionist and Monarchist identity, deeply intertwined with [[Loyalism|British Loyalism]] in Scotland and Northern Ireland.<ref name="Bradley 2004">{{cite journal |last1=Bradley |first1=Joseph M. |last2= |first2= |date=Summer 2004 |title=Orangeism in Scotland: Unionism, Politics, Identity, and Football |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/article/170162 |journal=Éire-Ireland |volume=39 |issue=1&2 |publisher= |pages= |doi= |access-date=18 June 2025}}</ref> Academics argue that the club has long served as a symbolic expression of Britishness in Scotland, often associated with the political right and the [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative Party]]. Until 1989, Rangers informally refused to sign Catholic players, reinforcing its image as a bastion of Protestant identity. Supporters frequently express their unionist and Orange affiliations through songs, emblems, and banners, with many fans attending sectarian [[Orange Order]] events and adopting symbols such as the [[Union Jack]] and slogans like "We are the people." In the 2000s, Ranger fanzines like ''Follow Follow'' openly promoted a loyalist and right-wing agenda.<ref name="Bradley 2004"/> Surveys from 1990 and 2001 showed Rangers fans to be the most likely in Scotland to support the Conservative Party, oppose a British withdrawal from Northern Ireland and oppose the [[Scottish National Party]].<ref name="Bradley 2004"/>
In contrast to Glasgow Celtic supporters, who are known to support [[Palestinian nationalism]] and wave Palestinian flags at games, Glasgow Rangers supporters support Israel and wave Israeli flags.<ref>{{cite news |last=McFadyen |first=Andrew |date=13 Jun 2012 |title=A Celtic message to Palestine |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/features/2012/6/13/a-celtic-message-to-palestine |work=[[Al Jazeera]] |___location= |publisher= |access-date=18 June 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Judah |first=Jacob |date=22 August 2022 |title=Why Scotland’s fiercest soccer rivalry features Israeli vs. Palestinian flags |url=https://www.jpost.com/diaspora/article-715631 |work=[[JPost]] |___location= |publisher= |access-date=18 June 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=McLoughlin |first=Paul |date=11 December 2022 |title=How Israel and Palestine bled into Scottish football |url=https://www.newarab.com/analysis/how-israel-and-palestine-bled-scottish-football |work= |___location= |publisher= |access-date=18 June 2025}}</ref>
Some Rangers fans have been accused of making Nazi salutes, most notably at a UEFA Cup game in Israel in 2007, although the gestures were later clarified as being "red hand salutes", identified with the loyalist movement.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.rte.ie/sport/soccer/2007/0221/214750-rangers/|title=Rangers escape punishment over fan 'salutes'|date=21 February 2007|work=[[RTÉ News]]}}</ref> In 2013, a Rangers fan was banned from attending football games for two years after being found guilty of giving a Nazi salute at a youth cup final game.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.heraldscotland.com/news/13130590.rangers-fan-banned-for-nazi-salute/|title=Rangers fan banned for Nazi salute|website=HeraldScotland|date=7 November 2013 }}</ref>
A flag featuring the [[Totenkopf#Nazi Germany|Nazi SS Tokenkopf]] has been flown by Rangers fans in both 2023<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.thejc.com/news/scottish-jewish-leaders-welcome-investigation-after-nazi-flag-flown-at-rangers-match-hfddikhg | title=Rangers match Nazi flag investigation welcomed by Scottish Jewish leaders }}</ref> and 2024,<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.glasgowtimes.co.uk/sport/24495820.rangers-flag-nazi-ss-symbol-displayed-tynecastle/ | title=Rangers flag featuring Nazi SS symbol displayed during Hearts clash at Tynecastle | date=3 August 2024 }}</ref> with the club launching an investigation after one of the flags was flown at [[Ibrox Stadium]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.thenational.scot/news/23826105.rangers-investigate-flag-nazi-hate-symbol-seen-ibrox/ | title=Rangers launch investigation after flag with Nazi SS hate symbol seen in Ibrox crowd | date=October 2023 }}</ref>
In 2003, Rangers chairman John McClelland vowed to "weed out" those who among the Rangers support who "indulge in racist behaviour" after Celtic players Bobo Balde and Momo Sylla were subjected to racist abuse.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.theguardian.com/football/2003/mar/10/newsstory.sport6|title=Rangers to root out racists|first=Staff and|last=agencies|date=10 March 2003|website=The Guardian}}</ref> In March 2015, Rangers director Chris Graham resigned his position after posting derogatory comments about Muslims on social media.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.heraldscotland.com/news/13205567.rangers-director-chris-graham-quits-over-prophet-mohammed-tweet/|title=Rangers director Chris Graham quits over prophet Mohammed tweet|website=HeraldScotland|date=13 March 2015 }}</ref> In April 2017, a Rangers fan was seen on TV making racist 'monkey gestures' towards Celtic winger Scott Sinclair and banned for life.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.glasgowtimes.co.uk/news/15255549.old-firm-game-marred-by-racism-allegations-as-gers-fan-makes-monkey-gesture-at-scott-sinclair/|title=Shocked footie fans storm Twitter after Rangers fan makes racist 'monkey gesture' at Sinclair|website=Glasgow Times|date=29 April 2017 }}</ref> In August 2019, UEFA ordered Rangers to close a part of their stadium after their fans were found guilty of 'racist chanting'.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/football/2019/08/23/uefa-judge-rangerss-chants-racist-close-stand-punishment-3000/|title=Uefa judge Rangers's chants as racist and close stand in punishment, with 3,000 fans set to miss out|first=Roddy|last=Forsyth|newspaper=The Telegraph |date=23 August 2019|via=www.telegraph.co.uk}}</ref> In July 2020, Rangers defender Connor Goldson was criticised by Rangers fans for supporting the [[Black Lives Matter]] movement, he described the fans' reaction as "hate" and "ignorance",<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.scotsman.com/sport/football/rangers/rangers-connor-goldson-hits-out-hate-and-ignorance-blm-criticism-2918074|title=Rangers' Connor Goldson hits out at 'hate and ignorance' of BLM criticism|website=www.scotsman.com|date=19 July 2020 }}</ref> he was supported by ex-Rangers player [[Maurice Edu]], who also expressed his "embarrassment" and "disappointment" with some Rangers fans' reaction to the Black Lives Matter movement.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.scotsman.com/sport/football/rangers/ex-rangers-ace-reveals-embarrassment-and-disappointment-comments-fans-over-players-blm-gesture-lyon-friendly-2917545|title=Ex-Rangers ace reveals 'embarrassment and disappointment' at comments from fans over players' BLM gesture in Lyon friendly|website=www.scotsman.com|date=18 July 2020 }}</ref> These events led Rangers CEO Stewart Robertson to condemn the racial abuse of Rangers players by stating "if you are unable to support our players, regardless of their background, you are not welcome at Ibrox".<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/sport/football/scottish/rangers/rangers-chief-condemns-unacceptable-racist-abuse-of-alfredo-morelos-and-backs-clubs-solidarity-with-black-lives-matter-movement-39381544.html|title=Rangers chief condemns 'unacceptable' racist abuse of Alfredo Morelos and backs club's solidarity with Black Lives Matter movement|newspaper=Belfasttelegraph |via=www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk}}</ref>
In the 2020s, Rangers hired former [[Democratic Unionist Party]] politician David Graham as their head of public relations. Graham was later promoted to the position of general manager at the club, until the position was abolished.<ref>{{cite news |last= |first= |date=3 January 2024 |title=David Graham: Linfield general manager leaves one year after taking up role |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/67817721 |work=[[BBC News]] |___location= |publisher= |access-date=18 June 2025}}</ref>
===Friendships===
Supporters of Rangers have a fan friendship with the Northern Irish club [[Linfield F.C.|Linfield]], dating back to 1920. Two of the founders of the club Moses and Peter McNeil have a Northern Irish connection through the County Down birth of their mother Jean Bain, who after moving to Scotland for work in the mid-19th century married a Scotsman, John McNeil. From Rangers formation to the present day, the club have had 32 players who were born in either Northern Ireland, the Republic of Ireland and previously Ireland (from 1882 to 1950). A number were former Linfield players, and they have contributed much to the success of Rangers Football Club. Three former Northern Irish players have captained Rangers – Bert Manderson, John McClelland and Steven Davis; six from a Northern Irish connection have been elevated to the Rangers 'Hall of Fame' and one – Jimmy Nicholl – was the club's assistant manager in 2018.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Little |first1=Ivan |title=Ulster's strong influence in the formation and history of Rangers FC is brought to book |url=https://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/sport/football/ulsters-strong-influence-in-the-formation-and-history-of-rangers-fc-is-brought-to-book-38010580.html |access-date=13 April 2019 |publisher=Belfast Telegraph |date=10 November 2019}}</ref>
The fans of Rangers also have a fan-friendship with the German club [[Hamburger SV]], dating from the 1970s when Scots moved to the German port in search of work and reinforced by their shared affection for the midfielder [[Jörg Albertz]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Magee |first1=Will |title=Old Firm, New Bonds: The Politics Tying Big European Clubs to Celtic and Rangers |url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/old-firm-new-bonds-the-politics-tying-big-european-clubs-to-celtic-and-rangers/ |access-date=12 June 2018 |publisher=Vice News |date=30 November 2017}}</ref>
This link was formalised in February 2021 with the formation of an official club partnership between the two sides.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.rangers.co.uk/article/rangers-and-hsv-enter-club-partnership/68dtIhjgBv7ljtzkffl5qD
|title=Rangers and HSV enter club partnership |publisher=Rangers FC |date=10 February 2021 |access-date=10 February 2021}}</ref> Conversely, Celtic fans have a long-standing friendship with Hamburger SV's [[Hamburg derby|city rival]]s, [[FC St. Pauli]]. The friendship exists due to both the Rangers-HSV affinity and the shared left-wing politics of Celtic and St. Pauli fans.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.espnfc.com/story/967760/the-enemy-of-my-enemy-is-my-friend|title=The enemy of the enemy is my friend |last=Hesse |first=Uli |date=11 October 2011 |website=ESPN FC |access-date=19 April 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last=McDougall |first=William |year=2013 |title=Kicking from the Left: The Friendship of Celtic and FC St. Pauli supporters |journal=Soccer and Society | volume=14 |issue=2 |pages=230–245 |doi= 10.1080/14660970.2013.776470|s2cid=144966781 | issn = 1466-0970}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Magee |first1=Will |title=Old Firm, New Bonds: The Politics Tying Big European Clubs to Celtic and Rangers |url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/old-firm-new-bonds-the-politics-tying-big-european-clubs-to-celtic-and-rangers/ |access-date=12 June 2018 |publisher=Vice News |date=30 November 2017}}</ref>
==Ownership and finances==
{{main|Ownership of Rangers F.C.|Administration and liquidation of the Rangers Football Club plc}}
===From incorporation to liquidation===
On 27 May 1899, Rangers Football Club [[Incorporation (business)|incorporated]], forming The Rangers Football Club Ltd.<ref name="RFC 2012 PLC" /> No single shareholding exceeded 50% until 1985 when the Lawrence Group increased its shareholding in Rangers to a 52% majority, following a deal with then club vice-chairman Jack Gillespie. In November 1988, head of the Lawrence Group Lawrence Marlborough sold out to [[David Murray (Scottish businessman)|David Murray]] for £6 million. In 2000, [[David Murray (Scottish businessman)|David Murray]] decided to list the company on the [[stock exchange]] (making it a public limited company), with the name of the company being changed to The Rangers Football Club plc.<ref name="Rangers float on the stock market">{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2000/mar/31/newsstory.sport6|title=Rangers to float as it chases global glory|work=The Guardian|date=31 March 2000|access-date=23 August 2012|author=Teather, David|quote=Rangers football club, on track for its 49th Scottish premier league title, announced plans yesterday to float the business on the stock market and disclosed that talks are under way with a number of potential media investors.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120910005050/http://www.guardian.co.uk/football/2000/mar/31/newsstory.sport6|archive-date=10 September 2012|url-status=live}}</ref>
On 6 May 2011, [[Craig Whyte]] bought David Murray's shares for £1.<ref name="Craig whyte buys rangers for £1">{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/13292829.stm|title=Craig Whyte completes takeover of Rangers for £1|work=BBC Sport|date=6 May 2011|author1=Currie, David|author2=Lamont, Alasdair|author3=McLaughlin, Chris|author-link1=David Currie (broadcaster)|author-link2=Alisdair Lamont|access-date=18 August 2012|quote=Craig Whyte has completed his takeover of Rangers for £1 but amid continuing concerns by board members about his ability to invest sufficient funds.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120713113540/http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/13292829|archive-date=13 July 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> On 13 February 2012, Whyte filed legal papers at the [[Court of Session]] giving notice of his intention to appoint administrators.<ref name="Rangers go into administration">{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-glasgow-west-17015966|title=Rangers FC signals intent to go into administration|work=BBC News|access-date=18 August 2012|quote=Rangers Football Club has confirmed it has filed legal papers at the Court of Session to appoint administrators.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120427081038/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-glasgow-west-17015966|archive-date=27 April 2012|url-status=live|date=13 February 2012}}</ref> The next day, The Rangers Football Club plc – which was subsequently renamed <nowiki>RFC 2012</nowiki> plc – entered administration over non-payment of £9 million in [[Pay-as-you-earn tax|PAYE]] and [[Value Added Tax (United Kingdom)|VAT]] taxes to [[HM Revenue and Customs]].<ref name="BBC news administration">{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-glasgow-west-17026172|title=Rangers Football Club enters administration|date=14 February 2012|work=BBC News|access-date=24 August 2012|quote=HMRC lodged its petition over alleged non-payment of about £9m in PAYE and VAT following Craig Whyte's takeover.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121114180024/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-glasgow-west-17026172|archive-date=14 November 2012|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Record rangers in adminstration">{{cite news|url=http://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/football/spl/rangers/2012/02/14/rangers-in-crisis-administration-was-sparked-by-9m-unpaid-vat-and-paye-bill-taxman-reveals-86908-23748868/|title=Rangers in crisis: Administration was sparked by £9million bill for unpaid VAT and PAYE|date=14 February 2012|work=Daily Record|access-date=24 August 2012|quote=RANGERS went into administration today – as it was revealed they had failed to pay £9million in VAT and PAYE from the current financial year.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120818224407/http://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/sport/football/rangers-in-crisis-administration-was-sparked-by-9million-1116762|archive-date=18 August 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> In April the administrators estimated that the club's total debts could top £134m which was largely dependent on the outcome of a [[First-tier Tribunal|First Tier Tax Tribunal]] concerning a disputed tax bill in relation to an Employee Benefit Trust ("EBT") scheme employed by the club since 2001.<ref name="Debts could top 134m">{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-glasgow-west-17628749|title=Rangers' estimated debts could top £134m|date=5 April 2012|work=BBC News|access-date=13 September 2012|quote=Rangers' administrators estimate that the club's total debts could top £134m.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120408075827/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-glasgow-west-17628749|archive-date=8 April 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> However, on 20 November 2012, the Tribunal ruled in favour of Rangers. Had that decision been upheld the tax bill could have been significantly reduced from an estimated £74m to under £2m.<ref name="Rangers Win 'Big Tax Case'">{{cite news|title=Rangers win 'Big Tax Case' appeal over use of Employee Benefit Trusts|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/teams/rangers/9691141/Rangers-win-Big-Tax-Case-appeal-over-use-of-Employee-Benefit-Trusts.html|work=The Daily Telegraph|author=Grahams, Ewing|date=21 November 2012|access-date=20 December 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121201070920/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/teams/rangers/9691141/Rangers-win-Big-Tax-Case-appeal-over-use-of-Employee-Benefit-Trusts.html|archive-date=1 December 2012|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="EBT Decision">{{cite web|title=ANONYMISED FORM OF THE DECISION|url=http://www.financeandtaxtribunals.gov.uk/judgmentfiles/j6851/TC02372.pdf|work=Finance and Tax Tribunals|publisher=UK Government|access-date=27 November 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130124143158/http://www.financeandtaxtribunals.gov.uk/judgmentfiles/j6851/TC02372.pdf|archive-date=24 January 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> An [[Upper Tribunal]] upheld the decision in 2014.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.pkfcooperparry.com/news/tax/rangers-case-%E2%80%93-upper-tribunal-decision |title=The Rangers Case – Upper Tribunal Decision |publisher=pkfcooperparry.com |first=Philip |last=Rogers |access-date=10 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160116050027/http://www.pkfcooperparry.com/news/tax/rangers-case-%E2%80%93-upper-tribunal-decision |archive-date=16 January 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref> HMRC then appealed to the [[Court of Session]], which ruled in November 2015 that Rangers should have paid tax and national insurance on the EBT payments.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-34720850 |title=HMRC wins Rangers tax case appeal |work=BBC News |date=4 November 2015 |access-date=10 November 2015}}</ref>
On 25 June 2012, the [[Crown Office and Procurator Fiscal Service|Crown Office]] asked [[Strathclyde Police]] to investigate the purchase of Rangers and the club's subsequent financial management during Whyte's tenure.<ref name="Police probe whyte">{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-glasgow-west-18582965|title=Rangers in crisis: Police asked to probe Craig Whyte takeover|work=BBC News|date=25 June 2012|access-date=24 August 2012|quote=A criminal investigation is to be launched into Craig Whyte's takeover of Rangers Football Club in May last year.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120722231507/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-glasgow-west-18582965|archive-date=22 July 2012|url-status=live}}</ref>
[[Charles Green (businessman)|Charles Green]] agreed a deal with the administrators of The Rangers Football Club plc to purchase the company for £8.5 million if a proposed [[Trading while insolvent (UK)#Company voluntary arrangement|CVA]] was agreed or to purchase its business and assets for a £5.5million if the proposed CVA were to be rejected. On 14 June 2012, the formal rejection of the proposed CVA<ref name="CVA rejected">{{cite news|title=Rangers liquidation now inevitable after CVA bid rejected by HMRC|url=http://local.stv.tv/glasgow/105837-rangers-liquidation-now-inevitable-after-cva-bid-rejected-by-hmrc/|access-date=22 December 2012|work=STV Glasgow|publisher=STV|date=12 June 2012|author=Farrell, Mike|quote=Mr Green has previously stated that should the CVA fail his offer goes into an "automatic mode" to carry out a 'newco' switch at the Ibrox club, where all assets are sold to a new business entity for £5.5m and Rangers FC Plc, incorporated in 1899, is liquidated.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120617112145/http://local.stv.tv/glasgow/105837-rangers-liquidation-now-inevitable-after-cva-bid-rejected-by-hmrc/|archive-date=17 June 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref> meant that the company would enter the [[liquidation]] process.<ref name="Murray makes criminal complaint">{{cite news|url=http://local.stv.tv/glasgow/202988-rangers-tax-case-leaks-sir-david-murray-makes-criminal-complaint/|title=Rangers tax case leaks: Sir David Murray makes 'criminal complaint'|work=STV Glasgow|publisher=STV|date=27 November 2012|access-date=22 December 2012|quote=In June administrators Duff and Phelps confirmed it had failed to secure a route out of the insolvency event and the club's assets were sold to a newco owned by a Charles Green-led consortium in a £5.5m deal. The oldco, now {{#tag:nowiki|RFC 2012}} Plc, formerly The Rangers Football Club Plc, has been placed into liquidation.|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6D6foWaI0?url=http://local.stv.tv/glasgow/202988-rangers-tax-case-leaks-sir-david-murray-makes-criminal-complaint/|archive-date=22 December 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Old company in liquidation">{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/scotland/20830558|title=Rangers chief Charles Green criticises Tannadice ticket plan|work=BBC Sport|date=23 December 2012|access-date=23 December 2012|quote=And Green, who bought Rangers' assets after the company that formerly ran the club could not be saved from liquidation, believes the decision to sell tickets directly to visiting fans could spark trouble at the match.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121223213827/http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/scotland/20830558|archive-date=23 December 2012|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="SPL EBT Investigation comittee">{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/21242267|title=SPL independent commission into Rangers player payments begins |date=29 January 2013|access-date=29 January 2013|author=McLaughlin, Chris|work=BBC Sport|quote=The three-man commission will decide if the company that formerly ran Rangers broke Scottish Premier League rules.<br />...<br />The commission will study the financial arrangements made by the Employee Benefit Trust scheme run by former Rangers owner Sir David Murray's company, Murray International Holdings.<br />...<br />The probe was launched before the company that ran Rangers – The Rangers Football Club Plc – was consigned to liquidation.<br />The consortium now running the club, led by chief executive Charles Green, has refused to recognise or co-operate with the investigation.}}</ref> The [[accountancy]] firm [[BDO International|BDO]] was appointed to investigate the years of financial mismanagement at the club.<ref name="BDO appointed to find out why plc failed">{{cite news|title=Rangers in Crisis|url=http://news.stv.tv/scotland/105870-rangers-crisis-hmrc-look-to-investigate-those-responsible-for-meltdown/|access-date=24 August 2012|work=STV News|publisher=STV|date=12 June 2012|author=Farrell, Mike|quote=The Ibrox club confirmed its planned company voluntary arrangement (CVA) escape from administration would now fail as the tax authorities revealed they felt it was in the "public interest" to liquidate Rangers FC plc, incorporated in 1899.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131002104449/http://news.stv.tv/scotland/105870-rangers-crisis-hmrc-look-to-investigate-those-responsible-for-meltdown/|archive-date=2 October 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Rangers plc liquidation">{{cite news|url=http://www.scotsman.com/sport/football/spl/rangers-liquidated-as-cva-formally-rejected-1-2353211|work=The Scotsman|title=Rangers liquidated as CVA formally rejected|date=14 June 2012|access-date=30 July 2012|quote=GLASGOW RANGERS were today forced into liquidation after major creditor Her Majesty's Revenue and Customs (HMRC) formally rejected an offer of a Company Voluntary Arrangement (CVA) from the club's administrators.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120727043212/http://www.scotsman.com/sport/football/sfl-division-three/rangers-liquidated-as-cva-formally-rejected-1-2353211|archive-date=27 July 2012|url-status=live}}</ref>
===Current corporate identity===
On 14 June 2012, hours after the CVA's rejection, Sevco Scotland Ltd, a new company formed by Charles Green's consortium for this eventuality,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://rangers.co.uk/news/headlines/sevco-statement/|title=Sevco Statement|publisher=rangers.co.uk|date=27 June 2012|access-date=18 December 2018}}</ref> completed the purchase of the business and assets of The Rangers Football Club Plc<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.heraldscotland.com/sport/football/little-black-and-white-as-green-faces-closer-scrutiny.20769831 | title=Little black and white as Green faces closer scrutiny | work=The Herald | date=16 April 2013 | access-date=17 April 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.scotprem.com/content/mediaassets/doc/Commission%20Decision%2028%2002%202013.pdf | title=Commission Decision | publisher=Scottish Premier League | access-date=17 April 2013 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130319044800/http://www.scotprem.com/content/mediaassets/doc/Commission%20Decision%2028%2002%202013.pdf | archive-date=19 March 2013 | url-status=dead | df=dmy-all }}</ref> and then, on 18 June 2012, formally applied to acquire the SPL share of The Rangers Football Club plc. On 4 July, SPL clubs voted by 10–1 to reject the application with [[Kilmarnock F.C.|Kilmarnock]] abstaining and the old Rangers company voting in favour.<ref name="Newco refused spl admission" /> Thereafter, an application to the Scottish Football League was successful with Rangers securing associate membership on 13 July 2012 at an SFL meeting by a vote of 29–1. The SFL member clubs voted that Rangers should enter the fourth tier of Scottish Football, [[Scottish Football League Third Division|Scottish Third Division]] for the 2012–13 season, rather than the [[Scottish Football League First Division|Scottish First Division]].<ref name="Reformed and relaunched">{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/19225698|title=Rangers: Newcastle's Mike Ashley ready to buy Ibrox share|work=BBC Sport|date=11 August 2012|access-date=24 August 2012|quote=Businessman Charles Green led a consortium to buy Rangers' assets for £5.5m and reformed the club as a new company. But the 'newco' did not get the required votes for re-admittance to the SPL and instead, Rangers were relaunched in Division Three, drawing 2–2 with Peterhead in their opening game.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120811140921/http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/19225698|archive-date=11 August 2012|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Division one plan">{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/18656012|title=Raith & Clyde criticise Rangers newco Division One plan|work=BBC Sport|date=30 June 2012|access-date=30 July 2012|quote=Raith Rovers and Clyde insist plans to place the Rangers newco in Scottish Division One should not be forced upon Scottish Football League clubs.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120828135513/http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/18656012|archive-date=28 August 2012|url-status=live}}</ref>
An application was made for a transfer of [[Scottish Football Association|SFA]] membership on 29 June 2012, with the new company applying for the transfer of the membership of The Rangers Football Club plc.<ref name="Scottish FA issues Rangers update">{{cite web|url=http://www.scottishfa.co.uk/scottish_fa_news.cfm?page=1961&newsCategoryID=3&newsID=10204|title=Scottish FA issues Rangers update|publisher=Scottish Football Association |date=17 July 2012|access-date=28 January 2013}}</ref><ref name="Rangers sfa membership bid">{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/18641075|title=Charles Green gives SFA details for membership bid|work=BBC Sport|date=13 July 2012|access-date=20 December 2012|quote="We have received an information pack from Sevco Scotland relevant to their membership application," said the SFA.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120902030335/http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/18641075|archive-date=2 September 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> Agreement was reached on the transfer with the new company accepting a number of conditions relating to the old company.<ref name="SFA membership transferred"/>
At the end of 2012, Rangers International Football Club plc became the holding company for the group, having acquired The Rangers Football Club Ltd on the basis of a one for one share exchange.<ref>[http://www.londonstockexchange.com/exchange/prices-and-markets/stocks/new-and-recent-issues/new-recent-issue-details.html?issueId=8816 Rangers International Football Club plc] londonstockexchange.com. Retrieved 27 January 2013.</ref> In 2013, after its first 13 months, the company reported operating losses of £14.4m.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2013/oct/01/rangers-announce-loss-annual-accounts |title=Rangers announce £14.4m operating loss in annual accounts |work=The Guardian |date=1 October 2018 |access-date=21 December 2018}}</ref> Thereafter it continued to post annual operating losses, variously £9.8m in 2014 and £9.9m in 2015,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://media.rangers.co.uk/uploads/2015/11/Rangers-Reports-and-Accounts-2015.pdf|title=Annual Report 2015|publisher=rangers.co.uk|access-date=21 December 2018}}{{Dead link|date=April 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> £2.5m in 2016,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://media.rangers.co.uk/uploads/2016/10/Rangers-Reports-and-Accounts-2017.pdf|title=Annual Report 2016|publisher=rangers.co.uk|access-date=21 December 2018}}{{Dead link|date=April 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> £6.3m in 2017<ref>{{cite web|url=https://media.rangers.co.uk/uploads/2017/11/Rangers-Reports-and-Accounts-2017.pdf|title=Annual Report 2017|publisher=rangers.co.uk|access-date=21 December 2018}}</ref> and £13.2m in 2018,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://media.rangers.co.uk/uploads/2018/10/RIFC-30th-June-2018_09_FINAL.pdf|title=Annual Report 2018|publisher=rangers.co.uk|access-date=21 December 2018}}</ref> until returning to profit in 2022.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.skysports.com/football/news/11788/12742440/rangers-reveal-record-turnover-of-86-8m-and-operating-profit-of-5-9m|title=Rangers reveal record turnover of 86.8m and operating profit of 5.9m|publisher=skysports.com|access-date=9 November 2022}}</ref>
In June 2025, the consortium Rangers FC LLC, headed by US businessman Andrew Cavenagh and [[Denise DeBartolo York|49ers Enterprises]], the investment arm of the [[San Francisco 49ers]], purchased 51% of shares to compete a multi-million pound takeover of the club.
Remaining major shareholders of the club included former chairman [[Douglas Park (businessman)|Douglas Park]], George Taylor and Stuart Gibson, who all held at least a 5% shareholding.
[[Dave King (businessman)|Dave King]], who had been the largest individual shareholder since leading the regime change in 2015, and [[John Bennett (businessman)|John Bennett]], chairman from 2023–2024, both divested their entire shareholding.
==Social responsibility==
===Support for charities===
{{Main|Rangers Charity Foundation}}
The Rangers Charity Foundation was created in 2002 and participates in a wide range of [[Charity (practice)|charitable work]], regularly involving Rangers staff and star players. The foundation also has partnerships with [[UNICEF]], The Prostate Cancer Charity and [[Erskine (charity)|Erskine]], and is responsible for over £2.3 million in donations. As well as [[fundraising]], the Rangers Charity Foundation regularly bring [[Disease|sick]], [[disability|disabled]] and disadvantaged children to attend matches and tours at Ibrox, with the chance to meet the players.<ref name="Rangers charity foundation">{{cite web|url=http://www.rangerscharity.org.uk/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=25&Itemid=43|title=Introducing The Foundation|publisher=Rangerscharity.org.uk|access-date=25 August 2012|quote=Being a champion of charitable giving is our goal, and since our creation in 2002 we have donated over £1 million in cash awards and over £1,550,000 of in-kind support to hundreds of groups and individuals, making a combined total of over £2,500,000|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130116232818/http://www.rangerscharity.org.uk/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=25&Itemid=43|archive-date=16 January 2013|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Rangers charity foundation to be investigated">{{cite news|url=http://local.stv.tv/glasgow/299946-inquiry-into-rangers-charity-over-match-against-ac-milan/|title=Inquiry into Rangers charity match against AC Milan|work=STV Glasgow|publisher=STV|date=6 March 2012|access-date=22 December 2012|author=Farrell, Mike|quote=The charity, which has donated more than £2.3m to various causes since it was set up in 2002, has reduced the amount it will take from the game to 10%, meaning the majority of the money raised will go to the club, which is currently in administration.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120513132400/http://local.stv.tv/glasgow/299946-inquiry-into-rangers-charity-over-match-against-ac-milan/|archive-date=13 May 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref>
Through its support of the Rangers Charity Foundation, the club has helped a number of charities with support and financial donations. In 2008, the club became the first Scottish side to be selected as a partner club of [[UNICEF]].<ref name="UNICEF">{{cite news | url=http://www.unicef.org.uk/UNICEFs-Work/Our-supporters/Organisations/Corporate-partners/Rangers/ | title=RANGERS | publisher=UNICEF | access-date=18 September 2012 | archive-date=13 September 2012 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120913062250/http://www.unicef.org.uk/UNICEFs-Work/Our-supporters/Organisations/Corporate-partners/Rangers/ | url-status=dead }}</ref> The club's Charity Foundation has backed initiatives in Togo and India<ref name="UNICEF"/> as well as funding one million vaccinations for a children's vaccination programme.<ref>{{ cite news | url=http://rangers.co.uk/news/club/foundation-funds-1m-vaccines-unicef/ | title=Foundation Funds 1m Vaccines For Unicef| date=13 May 2016 | publisher=Rangers F.C.}}</ref> The club has been a firm supporter of [[Erskine Veterans Charity|Erskine]], a charity which provides long-term medical care for veterans of the [[British Armed Forces]], and in 2012, donated £25,000 to fund projects within their care homes.<ref>{{ cite news | url=http://rangers.co.uk/news/club/25k-donation-to-erskine/ | title=£25k Donation To Erskine | date=18 September 2012 | publisher=Rangers Charity Foundation }}</ref> In January 2015, Rangers hosted a charity match for the benefit of former player [[Fernando Ricksen]] who had been diagnosed with [[ALS|motor neurone disease]]; this raised £320,000 for him and [[Motor Neurone Disease Association|MND Scotland]].<ref>{{ cite news | url=http://rangers.co.uk/news/headlines/320k-raised-from-ricksen-match/ | title=320k Raised From Ricksen Match| date=27 March 2015 |publisher=Rangers F.C.}}</ref>
===Work in the community===
Alongside its work with numerous charities, the club and its Charity Foundation operate various initiatives within the community including courses to help Armed Forces veterans overcome addictions,<ref>{{ cite news | url=http://rangers.co.uk/news/club/glasgow-veterans-united/ | title=Glasgow Veterans United |publisher=Rangers F.C. | date=8 June 2016 }}</ref> to raise awareness of social issues and help unemployed people back into work. In October 2015, the club launched its ''Ready2Succeed'' programme which was a ten-week course designed to develop participants confidence and employability skills by engaging with football and fitness.<ref>{{ cite news | url=http://www.thescottishfootballpartnership.com/sfp-community-initiative-rangers-f-c-launch-new-employability-project-ready2succeed/ | title=Rangers F.C. launch new employability project 'Ready2Succeed' | work=Scottish Football Partnership | publisher=Thescottishfootballpartnership.com| date=21 October 2015 }}</ref> Rangers first-team players also visit the [[Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow|Royal Hospital for Children]] in Glasgow every year during the festive period where they hand out presents to the children and donate money to the hospital activity fund.<ref>{{ cite news | url=http://www.heraldscotland.com/news/14145377.Rangers_stars_spread_festive_cheer_to_sick_kids/ | title=Rangers stars spread festive cheer to sick kids | author=Watson, Linzi | newspaper=The Herald | date=15 December 2015}}</ref>
==Popular culture==
The club featured on BBC Scotland comedy ''[[Scotch and Wry]]'' in 1979 in a scene where Manager ([[Rikki Fulton]]) and Chief Scout ([[Gregor Fisher]]) unknowingly sign a young Catholic footballer ([[Gerard Kelly]]) but then try to void his contract to avoid publicly breaking the club's [[Rangers F.C. signing policy|"No Catholic" signing policy]] after finding out.<ref name = "scotch n wry">{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/proginfo/nations/scotland/scpiwk51.pdf |title=This Week's Highlights. Scotland: BBC weeks 51 and 52 |publisher=BBC |date=2010-12-31 |access-date=2016-08-10}}</ref><ref>[https://www.glasgowlive.co.uk/sport/sport-opinion/old-firm-facts-footballs-greatest-14500791.amp Old Firm Facts on football's greatest sitcom moments], Glasgow Live, 6 April 2018.</ref>
In 2002, former Rangers striker Ally McCoist starred in [[Robert Duvall]]'s film ''[[A Shot at Glory]]'' as Jackie McQuillan, where he would play against Rangers in the Scottish Cup Final for "Kilnockie F.C.", a fictional side.
In 2003, a Scottish television documentary series filmed by [[BBC Scotland]], ''[[Blue Heaven (2003 TV series)|Blue Heaven]]'', followed aspiring young footballers at Rangers as they tried to forge a career in football.<ref>{{ cite news | url=http://sport.scotsman.com/rangersfc/Rangers-homegrown-hopefuls-make-for.2474119.jp | title=Rangers' homegrown hopefuls make for engaging talent show | ___location=Edinburgh|work=The Scotsman|publisher=Johnston Press | date=29 October 2003}}</ref> The series was originally broadcast in the winter of 2003 with a follow-up episode in 2011.<ref>{{ cite news | url=http://www.heraldscotland.com/sport/13030260.Heavenly_beginnings_show_how_Rangers_starlets_have_fallen_from_grace/ | title=Heavenly beginnings show how Rangers starlets have fallen from grace| ___location=Edinburgh|work=The Scotsman|publisher=Johnston Press | date=19 May 2011}}</ref>
In 2008, celebrity chef and former Rangers youth player [[Gordon Ramsay]] returned to the club to teach them how to cook in Series 4, Episode 12 of ''[[The F Word (British TV series)|The F Word]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.channel4.com/programmes/gordon-ramsays-f-word/on-demand/44977-012|title=Gordon Ramsay's F Word – On Demand – All 4|website=www.channel4.com}}</ref>
Owing to the notoriety of the "Rangers Inter City Firm", a [[List of hooligan firms|football firm]] associated with the club, Rangers have also featured in television documentaries and books about football hooliganism, including Series 1, Episode 5 of ''[[The Real Football Factories]]'' presented by English actor [[Danny Dyer]] on [[Bravo (British TV channel)|Bravo]] in 2006, during which he visits his first Old Firm match and meets football casuals from Rangers, Celtic, Aberdeen, Hibernian, Dundee United and Dundee.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/news/uk-world-news/kicking-off-934116|title=Kicking off|work=Daily Record|date=6 May 2006|access-date=21 April 2018}}</ref>
Rangers have appeared in theatre a number of times in shows such as ''Follow Follow: The Rangers Story'' at the [[King's Theatre, Glasgow|King's Theatre]] in 1994 starring Scottish actors [[Barbara Rafferty]], [[Alexander Morton]], [[Jonathan Watson]], [[Iain Robertson]], [[Ronnie Letham]] and [[Stuart Bowman (actor)|Stuart Bowman]]; ''Singin' I'm No A Billy He's A Tim'' at the Pavilion Theatre in 2009;<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/stage/2009/jun/09/im-no-a-billy-hes-review|title=Singin' I'm No a Billy He's a Tim|work=The Guardian|date=9 June 2009|access-date=21 April 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.culturenorthernireland.org/features/performing-arts/singin%E2%80%99-i%E2%80%99m-no-billy-he%E2%80%99s-tim|title=Singin' I'm No a Billy, He's a Tim|publisher=[[Culture Northern Ireland]]|date=16 September 2009|access-date=21 April 2018|archive-date=21 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180421163354/http://www.culturenorthernireland.org/features/performing-arts/singin%E2%80%99-i%E2%80%99m-no-billy-he%E2%80%99s-tim|url-status=dead}}</ref> ''[[Divided City]]'' at the [[Citizens Theatre]] in 2011; and, more recently, ''Billy and Tim and the Wee Glesga Ghost'' in 2015 and ''Rally Roon the Rangers'' in 2019 and 2022, both at the Pavilion Theatre in Glasgow.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.eveningtimes.co.uk/news/17792697.pavilion-s-rally-roon-rangers-opens-spectacular-start/|title=The Pavilion's Rally Roon the Rangers opens with a spectacular start |work=Evening Times|date=24 July 2019}}</ref>
[[William Orcutt Cushing]]'s [[hymn]] "[[Follow On (hymn)|Follow On]]", also known as "Down in the Valley with My Saviour I Would Go" or "I Will Follow Jesus", has been adopted as the anthem of Rangers in their club song "[[Follow Follow]]". The club has also played the [[Tina Turner]] song "[[The Best (song)|The Best]]" when the teams exit the tunnel before kick off.<ref name="thebest">{{cite news|url=http://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/news/scottish-news/2010/04/21/rangers-fans-launch-bid-to-get-tina-turner-hit-simply-the-best-to-no-1-as-team-close-in-on-spl-title-86908-22201242/ |title=Rangers fans launch bid to get Tina Turner hit Simply The Best to No.1 |newspaper=The Daily Record |date=21 April 2010 |access-date=21 April 2018}}</ref>
In October 2023, [[K-pop]] girl group [[STAYC]] went viral when during a concert in Dallas, Texas, US, they wore cropped 1996–97 season Rangers shirts instead of uniforms from the local [[Major League Baseball]] team, the [[Texas Rangers (baseball)|Texas Rangers]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Cox |first1=Auryn |title=STAYC - K-pop group in Rangers top 'mix-up' at Texas gig |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-scotland-67204915 |website=BBC Scotland |publisher=British Broadcasting Corporation |access-date=16 January 2024 |date=24 October 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |first1=Ally |last1=McCoist |author-link1=Ally McCoist |first2=Alan |last2=Brazil |author-link2=Alan Brazil |first3=Phil |last3=Spencer |title=McCoist in stitches at K-Pop band's Rangers wardrobe malfunction: 'They wore it better' |url=https://talksport.com/football/1615626/ally-mccoist-rangers-k-pop-stayc-wardrobe-malfunction/ |publisher=[[TalkSPORT]] |access-date=16 January 2024 |language=en-gb |date=25 October 2023}}</ref> A club spokesman said that the moment had "triggered nostalgia for the Light Blues". When the group traveled to the UK the following month for the Korea On Stage show at Wembley, the club welcomed them to Ibrox Stadium and their adjoining event facility, Edmiston House.<ref>{{cite AV media |author1=Rangers Football Club |author2=STAYC |author-link2=STAYC |title=K-Pop Group STAYC Visit Ibrox And Edmiston House |type=Video |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yfqBSlUmFdo |publisher=Rangers Football Club |access-date=16 January 2024 |date=8 November 2023 |language=en |via=[[YouTube]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite AV media |format=Short video |author=STAYC |author-link=STAYC|title=Rangers FC Broxy Bear 와 함께한 #TeddyBear_Challenge |url=https://www.youtube.com/shorts/yEaU_kCJFeU |publisher=High Up Entertainment |access-date=16 January 2024 |date=6 November 2023 |___location=Ibrox Stadium |language=en |via=[[YouTube]]}} Also shared by the group on Instagram and TikTok.</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=K-Pop group STAYC tell Ibrox crowds 'we love Rangers' after top 'mix-up' |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-scotland-glasgow-west-67340158 |work=BBC Scotland |publisher=British Broadcasting Corporation |access-date=16 January 2024 |date=6 November 2023}}</ref>
==Records==
{{Main|List of Rangers F.C. records and statistics}}
===Club===
{{div col}}
; Highest attendance
: 143,570 vs [[Hibernian F.C.|Hibernian]], 27 March 1948<ref name="Rangers the complete record">{{cite book|title=Rangers: The Complete Record|publisher=Breedon Books|last1=Ferrier|first1=Bob|last2=McElroy|first2=Robert|year=2005|isbn=1-85983-481-7}}</ref><ref name="Glasgow rangers player by player 1990">{{cite book|title=Glasgow Rangers: Player by Player|publisher=The Crowood Press|last1=Ferrier|first1=Bob|last2=McElroy|first2=Robert|year=1990|isbn=1-85223-404-0}}</ref><ref name="Glasgow rangers player by player 1998">{{cite book|title=Glasgow Rangers: Player by Player|publisher=The Crowood Press|last1=Ferrier|first1=Bob|last2=McElroy|first2=Robert|year=1998|isbn=0-600-59495-5}}</ref>
; UK record home [[Scottish football attendance records|attendance]]
: 118,567 vs [[Celtic F.C.|Celtic]], 2 January 1939<ref name="Founded 1872" /><ref name="Record attendance" /><ref name="records">{{cite book|title=The Encyclopedia of Scottish Football|last1=Potter|first1=David|last2=Jones|first2=Phil|author-link1=David W. Potter|year=2011|publisher=Pitch Publishing|isbn=978-1908051103|pages=95–103, 294}}</ref><ref name="records 2">{{cite book|title=Sky Sports Football Yearbook 2011–12|last1=Rollin|first1=Glenda|last2=Rollin|first2=Jack|publisher=Headline|isbn=978-0755362325|pages=758–759|date=4 August 2011}}</ref>
; Highest European attendance
: 100,000 vs [[FC Dynamo Kyiv|Dynamo Kyiv]], 16 September 1987<ref name="Glasgow rangers player by player 1990"/>
; World record fourth-tier attendance
: 50,048 vs [[Berwick Rangers F.C.|Berwick Rangers]], 4 May 2013<ref name="World record fourth tier attendance" /><ref name="Rangers beat there own 4th tier world record" /><ref name="Rangers beat their record again" />
; Unbeaten league seasons
: [[1898–99 Scottish Division One|1898–99]] (Rangers won all of their 18 league matches)<ref name="Record 100% league win">{{cite book|title=Great Sporting Rivals |publisher=ReadHowYouWant.com|last=Romanos |first=Joseph|year=2010|page=139|isbn=9781458779663|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KHf9vFXIOLEC&q=rangers+football+club+records&pg=PA139|access-date=25 December 2012}}</ref> and [[2020–21 Scottish Premiership|2020–21]]<ref name="independent.co.uk">{{Cite web|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/rangers-aberdeen-result-unbeaten-season-b1848080.html|title=Rangers beat Aberdeen to seal unbeaten league season before lifting Scottish Premiership trophy|website=The Independent|date=15 May 2021}}</ref>
; Highest scoring match
: 14–2 vs Whitehill, 29 September 1883<ref name="fitbastats.com">{{Cite web|url=http://www.fitbastats.com/rangers/club_records_overall.php|title=Rangers Club Records|website=Fitba Stats}}</ref>
: 14–2 vs Blairgowrie, 20 January 1934<ref name="records" /><ref name="records 2" /><ref name="fitbastats.com"/>
; Record league victory
: 10–0 vs [[Hibernian F.C.|Hibernian]], 24 December 1898<ref name="Founded 1872" /><ref name="Rangers the complete record" /><ref name="fitbastats.com"/>
{{div col end}}
===Player===
{{div col}}
; Record appearances
: [[Dougie Gray]], 940 appearances, 1925–1947<ref>{{cite web|url=https://rangers.co.uk/club/history/hall-of-fame/dougie-gray/|title=Dougie Gray |website=Rangers Football Club Official Website|access-date=24 February 2017|archive-date=24 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170224132051/https://rangers.co.uk/club/history/hall-of-fame/dougie-gray/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
; Most league appearances
: [[Sandy Archibald]], 513 appearances, 1917–1934<ref>{{cite web|url=https://rangers.co.uk/club/history/hall-of-fame/sandy-archibald/|title=Sandy Archibald |website=Rangers Football Club Official Website}}</ref>
; Record goalscorer
: [[Jimmy Smith (footballer, born 1911)|Jimmy Smith]], 381 goals, 1929–1946<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.heraldscotland.com/news/12425007.Football_mourns_the_loss_of_Rangers_legend_Jimmy_Smith/|title=Football mourns the loss of Rangers legend Jimmy Smith|website=The Herald|date=6 December 2003 }}</ref>
; Most league goals
: [[Jimmy Smith (footballer, born 1911)|Jimmy Smith]], 300 goals, 1929–1946<ref>{{cite web|url=https://rangers.co.uk/club/history/hall-of-fame/jimmy-smith/|title=Jimmy Smith |website=Rangers Football Club Official Website}}</ref>
; Most Scotland caps whilst playing at Rangers
: [[Ally McCoist]], 61 caps, 1983–1998<ref name="rangers.co.uk">{{cite web|url=https://rangers.co.uk/club/history/hall-of-fame/ally-mccoist/|title=Ally McCoist |website=Rangers Football Club Official Website}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.scottishfa.co.uk/scotland_fixture_archive.cfm?page=2886|title=Scottish Football Association|publisher=Scottish Football Association|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170227150934/http://www.scottishfa.co.uk/scotland_fixture_archive.cfm?page=2886|archive-date=27 February 2017}}</ref>
{{div col end}}
==Players==
===First-team squad===
{{updated|23 August 2025|<ref name="first team squad">{{cite web|url=http://www.rangers.co.uk/team/mens-team/1zagW2Yj9Dys5huB1Uq6DF|title=First Team Squad|website=Rangers F.C. |access-date=27 January 2022}}</ref>}}
<!--Since SPFL rules permit squad numbers for Premiership and Championship teams, when adding players first order them by position, going from GK, DF, MF, FW then order by second name-->
{{Fs start}}
{{Fs player|no=1|nat=
{{Fs player|no=2|nat=
{{Fs player|no=3|nat=
{{Fs player|no=
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{{Fs player|no=
{{Fs player|no=
{{Fs player|no=17|nat=WAL|pos=FW|name=[[Rabbi Matondo]]}}
{{Fs player|no=18|nat=FIN|pos=FW|name=[[Oliver Antman]]}}
{{Fs player|no=19|nat=FRA|pos=DF|name=[[Clinton Nsiala]]}}
{{Fs player|no=20|nat=ENG|pos=MF|name=[[Kieran Dowell]]}}
{{Fs mid}}
{{Fs player|no=
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{{Fs player|no=49|nat=SCO|pos=MF|name=[[Bailey Rice (Scottish footballer)|Bailey Rice]]}}
{{Fs player|no=52|nat=SCO|pos=MF|name=[[Findlay Curtis]]}}
{{Fs player|no=99|nat=BRA|pos=FW|name=[[Danilo (footballer, born 1999)|Danilo]]}}
{{Fs end}}
===
{{Fs start}}
{{Fs player|no=
{{Fs player|no=
{{Fs player|no=
{{Fs mid}}
{{Fs player|no=
{{Fs player|no=
{{Fs player|no=
{{Fs end}}
==
''For more details on the academy squads, see [[Rangers F.C. B Team and Academy]].''
===Retired and reserved numbers===
{{main|List_of_retired_numbers_in_association_football#Special_cases|l1=Retired numbers in football}}
* Number '''12''' is reserved for the [[Fan (person)|fans]] (often referred to as [[12th man (football)|the 12th man]])<ref>{{cite web |url=http://rangers.co.uk/news/headlines/gers-dedicate-no-12-jersey-to-fans/ |title=Gers Dedicate No 12 Jersey To Fans |publisher=Rangers F.C. |access-date=30 January 2016 |date=3 May 2012 |archive-date=5 February 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160205052145/http://rangers.co.uk/news/headlines/gers-dedicate-no-12-jersey-to-fans/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>
==Staff==
{{For|a list of club chairmen|List of Rangers F.C. chairmen}}
===Board of directors===
Rangers is owned and operated by The Rangers Football Club Limited ("TRFCL"), which, in turn, is a subsidiary of the holding company Rangers International Football Club Limited ("RIFC"). The latter company, RIFC, also owns other corporations related to Rangers including Rangers Retail Ltd, Rangers Media Ltd and Garrion Security Services Ltd who are responsible for providing match day security at [[Ibrox Stadium]].
; Rangers International Football Club Limited
''As of 30 May 2025''<ref name="Rangers PLC Board">{{cite web|url=https://rangers.co.uk/club/investor-centre/board/board-of-directors/|title=RIFC Board of Directors|website=Rangers F.C.|access-date=1 July 2020|archive-date=12 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190412065346/https://rangers.co.uk/club/investor-centre/board/board-of-directors/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Position
! Name |-
|Chairman
|Andrew Cavenagh
|-
|Vice-chairman
|Paraag Marathe
|-
| rowspan="6" |Non-executive directors
|Andrew Clayton
|-
|John Halsted
|-
|Gene Schneur
|-
|Mark Taber
|-
|George Taylor
|-
|Fraser Thornton
|}
; Corporate staff
''As of 1 June 2025''
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Position
! Name
|-
|Chief executive officer
|Patrick Stewart
|-
|Sporting director
|[[Kevin Thelwell]]
|-
|Technical director
|Daniel Purdy
|-
|Chief commercial officer
|Sean Jefferson
|-
|Chief financial officer
|James Taylor
|-
|Chief communications and marketing officer
|Greig Mailer
|-
|Company secretary and legal director
|Graham Horsman
|}
===
''As of 1 August 2025''<ref name="Rangers backroom staff">{{cite web|url=https://rangers.co.uk/teams/staff/|title=Staff|website=Rangers F.C.|access-date=1 July 2020|archive-date=30 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200630182531/https://rangers.co.uk/teams/staff/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Position
! Name |-
|Head coach
|[[Russell Martin (footballer)|Russell Martin]]
|-
|
|[[Matt Gill]]
|-
|First team coach
|[[Mike Williamson (footballer)|Mike Williamson]]
|-
|Goalkeeping coach
|[[Sal Bibbo]]
|-
|Pathway coach
|[[Brian Gilmour]]
|-
|Head of first-team operations
|Hannah MacLean
|-
|Head of scouting operations
|Fraser Murray
|-
|Lead UK scout
|[[Mervyn Day]]
|-
|Lead Scotland scout
|Ian Murdoch
|-
|Lead international scout
|Anthony Galinski
|-
|Scouts
|Timo Cato<br/>Ross Ireland<br/>Ludovic Lemor<br/>Jamie Miller
|-
|Head of performance
|Rhys Owen
|-
|Strength and conditioning coach
|Samuel Harrison
|-
|Physical performance coach
|Calum MacMaster
|-
|Head of performance physiotherapy
|Kevin Bain
|-
|First team performance physiotherapy
|Steven Walker
|-
|Head of nutrition and performance coach
|Craig Flannigan
|-
|Head of physiotherapy
|Jonathon Skinner
|-
|Head of rehabilitation
|Russell Parker
|-
|Club doctor
|Gary Ramsay
|-
|Masseurs
|David Lavery<br/>Ruari Yeoman
|-
|Head of analysis
|Graeme Stevenson
|-
|Performance analysts
|Adam Berry<br/>Euan Fotheringham
|-
|Kit operations manager
|
|-
|Kit logistics coordinator
|[[David MacGregor]]
|}
==
{{For|a list of team managers|List of Rangers F.C. managers}}
Twenty men (including two repeat appointments) have been manager of Rangers during the club's history.<ref name="Smith return" /><ref name="McCoist in Smith out">{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/teams/r/rangers/9404913.stm|title=McCoist confirmed as Smith's successor|work=BBC Sport|date=22 February 2011|access-date=18 August 2012|quote=Rangers have confirmed for the first time that Ally McCoist will take over as manager when Walter Smith steps down at the end of the season.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120713113527/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/teams/r/rangers/9404913.stm|archive-date=13 July 2012|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Durrant takes charge">{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/teams/r/rangers/6231965.stm|title=Rangers reel as Le Guen departs|work=BBC Sport|date=4 January 2007|access-date=18 August 2012|author1=Taylor, Julian|quote=The club's reserve-team coach, Ian Durrant, will take charge of training on Friday ahead of the club's next match, a Tennent's Scottish Cup tie, against Dunfermline Athletic on Sunday.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140428174258/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/teams/r/rangers/6231965.stm|archive-date=28 April 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> In addition, eleven men have taken charge of the side on a caretaker basis, while five served as secretaries choosing the team, prior to the appointment of the club's first full-time manager, [[William Wilton]], in 1899.
The longest-serving manager was [[Bill Struth]], who served for 34 years and 26 days. Rangers have had five foreign managers during their history: Dick Advocaat,<ref name="First foreign manager" /><ref name="McLeish appointment" /> Paul Le Guen, Pedro Caixinha, Giovanni van Bronckhorst and Philippe Clement. Graeme Souness is the only [[player-manager]] during Rangers' history.<ref name="Paying for over spending" /> There have been two repeat appointments: [[Jock Wallace Jr.|Jock Wallace]] and [[Walter Smith]].
The most successful manager, in terms of the number of trophies won, is Bill Struth, with eighteen League titles, ten Scottish Cups and two League Cups. Rangers' other manager with notable success was William Waddell, who won the European Cup Winners' Cup.
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|- valign="top"
|
{| class="wikitable sortable alternance"
|+Rangers F.C. managers<ref>{{cite web|title=Former Managers|url=https://rangers.co.uk/club/history/former-managers/|publisher=Rangers F.C.|access-date=17 April 2017|archive-date=24 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180924201246/https://rangers.co.uk/club/history/former-managers/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
!|Name
!|Period
|-
|{{flagicon|Scotland}} [[William Wilton]] || 1899–1920
|-
|{{flagicon|Scotland}} [[Bill Struth]] || 1920–1954
|-
|{{flagicon|Scotland}} [[Scot Symon]] || 1954–1967
|-
|{{flagicon|Scotland}} [[David White (Scottish footballer)|David White]] || 1967–1969
|-
|{{flagicon|Scotland}} [[Willie Waddell]] || 1969–1972
|-
|{{flagicon|Scotland}} [[Jock Wallace Jr.|Jock Wallace]] || 1972–1978
|-
|{{flagicon|Scotland}} [[John Greig]] || 1978–1983
|-
|{{flagicon|Scotland}} Jock Wallace || 1983–1986
|-
|{{flagicon|Scotland}} [[Graeme Souness]] || 1986–1991
|-
|{{flagicon|Scotland}} [[Walter Smith]] || 1991–1998
|-
|{{flagicon|Netherlands}} [[Dick Advocaat]] || 1998–2001
|-
|{{flagicon|Scotland}} [[Alex McLeish]] || 2001–2006
|-
|{{flagicon|France}} [[Paul Le Guen]] || 2006–2007
|-
|{{flagicon|Scotland}} Walter Smith || 2007–2011
|-
|{{flagicon|Scotland}} [[Ally McCoist]] || 2011–2014
|-
|{{flagicon|England}} [[Mark Warburton]] || 2015–2017
|-
|{{flagicon|Portugal}} [[Pedro Caixinha]] || 2017
|-
|{{flagicon|England}} [[Steven Gerrard]] || 2018–2021
|-
|{{flagicon|Netherlands}} [[Giovanni van Bronckhorst]] || 2021–2022
|-
|{{flagicon|England}} [[Michael Beale (football coach)|Michael Beale]] || 2022–2023
|-
|{{flagicon|Belgium}} [[Philippe Clement]] || 2023–2025
|-
|{{flagicon|Scotland}} [[Russell Martin (footballer)|Russell Martin]] || 2025–
|}
|}
==Honours==
{{see also|Rangers F.C. Under-20s and Academy#Honours|label 1=Reserves and Academy honours|List of Rangers F.C. records and statistics#Honours|label 2=Rangers F.C. honours in full}}
{{Updated|17 December 2023}}<ref name="Rangers honours" />
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" style="font-size:95%; text-align:center;"
!style="width: 10%;"|Type
!style="width: 10%;"|Competition
!style="width: 5%;"|Titles
!style="width: 30%;"|Seasons
|-
| rowspan="7" |'''Domestic'''
! scope=col| [[List of Scottish football champions|Scottish League Championship]]
|style="background-color:gold"|'''55'''{{smallsup|s}}
|
[[1890–91 Scottish Football League|1890–91]],{{#tag:ref|Shared with Dumbarton F.C. after both clubs ended the season on 29 points. A play-off game at Cathkin Park on 21 May 1891 finished 2–2, so the clubs were declared joint champions.<ref name="Rangers honours" />|group="n"}} [[1898–99 Scottish Division One|1898–99]], [[1899–1900 Scottish Division One|1899–1900]], [[1900–01 Scottish Division One|1900–01]], [[1901–02 Scottish Division One|1901–02]], [[1910–11 Scottish Division One|1910–11]], [[1911–12 Scottish Division One|1911–12]], [[1912–13 Scottish Division One|1912–13]], [[1917–18 Scottish Division One|1917–18]], [[1919–20 Scottish Division One|1919–20]], [[1920–21 Scottish Division One|1920–21]], [[1922–23 Scottish Division One|1922–23]], [[1923–24 Scottish Division One|1923–24]], [[1924–25 Scottish Division One|1924–25]], [[1926–27 Scottish Division One|1926–27]], [[1927–28 Scottish Division One|1927–28]], [[1928–29 Scottish Division One|1928–29]], [[1929–30 Scottish Division One|1929–30]], [[1930–31 Scottish Division One|1930–31]], [[1932–33 Scottish Division One|1932–33]], [[1933–34 Scottish Division One|1933–34]], [[1934–35 Scottish Division One|1934–35]], [[1936–37 Scottish Division One|1936–37]], [[1938–39 Scottish Division One|1938–39]], [[1946–47 Scottish Division One|1946–47]], [[1948–49 Scottish Division One|1948–49]], [[1949–50 Scottish Division One|1949–50]], [[1952–53 Scottish Division One|1952–53]], [[1955–56 Scottish Division One|1955–56]], [[1956–57 Scottish Division One|1956–57]], [[1958–59 Scottish Division One|1958–59]], [[1960–61 Scottish Division One|1960–61]], [[1962–63 Scottish Division One|1962–63]], [[1963–64 Scottish Division One|1963–64]], [[1974–75 Scottish Division One|1974–75]], [[1975–76 Scottish Premier Division|1975–76]], [[1977–78 Scottish Premier Division|1977–78]], [[1986–87 Scottish Premier Division|1986–87]], [[1988–89 Scottish Premier Division|1988–89]], [[1989–90 Scottish Premier Division|1989–90]], [[1990–91 Scottish Premier Division|1990–91]], [[1991–92 Scottish Premier Division|1991–92]], [[1992–93 Scottish Premier Division|1992–93]], [[1993–94 in Scottish football|1993–94]], [[1994–95 Scottish Premier Division|1994–95]], [[1995–96 Scottish Premier Division|1995–96]], [[1996–97 Scottish Premier Division|1996–97]], [[1998–99 Scottish Premier League|1998–99]], [[1999–2000 Scottish Premier League|1999–2000]], [[2002–03 Scottish Premier League|2002–03]], [[2004–05 Scottish Premier League|2004–05]], [[2008–09 Scottish Premier League|2008–09]], [[2009–10 Scottish Premier League|2009–10]], [[2010–11 Scottish Premier League|2010–11]], [[2020–21 Scottish Premiership|2020–21]]<ref name="Rangers honours" /><ref name="records" /><ref name="records 2" />
|-
! scope=col| [[Scottish Championship|Scottish second-tier League Championship]]
|'''1'''
|[[2015–16 Scottish Championship|2015–16]]
|-
! scope=col| [[Scottish League One|Scottish third-tier League Championship]]
|'''1'''
|[[2013–14 Scottish League One|2013–14]]
|-
! scope=col| [[Scottish League Two|Scottish fourth-tier League Championship]]
|'''1'''
|[[2012–13 Scottish Third Division|2012–13]]
|-
! scope=col| [[Scottish Cup]]
|'''34'''
|
[[1893–94 Scottish Cup|1893–94]], [[1896–97 Scottish Cup|1896–97]], [[1897–98 Scottish Cup|1897–98]], [[1902–03 Scottish Cup|1902–03]], [[1927–28 Scottish Cup|1927–28]], [[1929–30 Scottish Cup|1929–30]], [[1931–32 Scottish Cup|1931–32]], [[1933–34 Scottish Cup|1933–34]], [[1934–35 Scottish Cup|1934–35]], [[1935–36 Scottish Cup|1935–36]], [[1947–48 Scottish Cup|1947–48]], [[1948–49 Scottish Cup|1948–49]], [[1949–50 Scottish Cup|1949–50]], [[1952–53 Scottish Cup|1952–53]], [[1959–60 Scottish Cup|1959–60]], [[1961–62 Scottish Cup|1961–62]], [[1962–63 Scottish Cup|1962–63]], [[1963–64 Scottish Cup|1963–64]], [[1965–66 Scottish Cup|1965–66]], [[1972–73 Scottish Cup|1972–73]], [[1975–76 Scottish Cup|1975–76]], [[1977–78 Scottish Cup|1977–78]], [[1978–79 Scottish Cup|1978–79]], [[1980–81 Scottish Cup|1980–81]], [[1991–92 Scottish Cup|1991–92]], [[1992–93 Scottish Cup|1992–93]], [[1995–96 Scottish Cup|1995–96]], [[1998–99 Scottish Cup|1998–99]], [[1999–2000 Scottish Cup|1999–2000]], [[2001–02 Scottish Cup|2001–02]], [[2002–03 Scottish Cup|2002–03]], [[2007–08 Scottish Cup|2007–08]], [[2008–09 Scottish Cup|2008–09]], [[2021–22 Scottish Cup|2021–22]]<ref name="Rangers honours" /><ref name="records" /><ref name="records 2" />
|-
! scope=col |[[Scottish League Cup]]
|style="background-color:gold"|'''28'''
|
[[1946–47 Scottish League Cup|1946–47]], [[1948–49 Scottish League Cup|1948–49]], [[1960–61 Scottish League Cup|1960–61]], [[1961–62 Scottish League Cup|1961–62]], [[1963–64 Scottish League Cup|1963–64]], [[1964–65 Scottish League Cup|1964–65]], [[1970–71 Scottish League Cup|1970–71]], [[1975–76 Scottish League Cup|1975–76]], [[1977–78 Scottish League Cup|1977–78]], [[1978–79 Scottish League Cup|1978–79]], [[1981–82 Scottish League Cup|1981–82]], [[1983–84 Scottish League Cup|1983–84]], [[1984–85 Scottish League Cup|1984–85]], [[1986–87 Scottish League Cup|1986–87]], [[1987–88 Scottish League Cup|1987–88]], [[1988–89 Scottish League Cup|1988–89]], [[1990–91 Scottish League Cup|1990–91]], [[1992–93 Scottish League Cup|1992–93]], [[1993–94 Scottish League Cup|1993–94]], [[1996–97 Scottish League Cup|1996–97]], [[1998–99 Scottish League Cup|1998–99]], [[2001–02 Scottish League Cup|2001–02]], [[2002–03 Scottish League Cup|2002–03]], [[2004–05 Scottish League Cup|2004–05]], [[2007–08 Scottish League Cup|2007–08]], [[2009–10 Scottish League Cup|2009–10]], [[2010–11 Scottish League Cup|2010–11]], [[2023–24 Scottish League Cup|2023–24]]<ref name="Rangers honours" /><ref name="records" /><ref name="records 2" />
|-
! scope=col| [[Scottish Challenge Cup]]
|'''1'''
|[[2015–16 Scottish Challenge Cup|2015–16]]
|-
| rowspan="1" |'''Continental'''
! scope=col|[[European Cup Winners' Cup]]
|'''1'''
|[[1971–72 European Cup Winners' Cup|1971–72]]
|}
* {{legend|gold|record}}
* {{smallsup|s}} shared record
===Other honours===
{{Main|Rangers F.C. in European football}}
* '''[[European Cup Winners' Cup]]''':
** ''Runners-up (2):'' [[1960–61 European Cup Winners' Cup|1960–61]], [[1966–67 European Cup Winners' Cup|1966–67]]
* '''[[UEFA Europa League|UEFA Cup/UEFA Europa League]]''':
** ''Runners-up (2):'' [[2007–08 UEFA Cup|2007–08]], [[2021–22 UEFA Europa League|2021–22]]
* '''[[UEFA Super Cup]]''':
** ''Runners-up (1):'' [[1972 European Super Cup|1972]]
===Doubles and trebles===
* League Title, Scottish Cup, League Cup: '''7'''
:: [[1948–49 Rangers F.C. season|1948–49]], 1963–64, [[1975–76 Rangers F.C. season|1975–76]], [[1977–78 Rangers F.C. season|1977–78]], [[1992–93 Rangers F.C. season|1992–93]], [[1998–99 Rangers F.C. season|1998–99]], [[2002–03 Rangers F.C. season|2002–03]]
* League Title and Scottish Cup: '''11'''
:: 1927–28, 1929–30, 1933–34, 1934–35, [[1949–50 Rangers F.C. season|1949–50]], [[1952–53 Rangers F.C. season|1952–53]], 1962–63, [[1991–92 Rangers F.C. season|1991–92]], [[1995–96 Rangers F.C. season|1995–96]], [[1999–2000 Rangers F.C. season|1999–2000]], [[2008–09 Rangers F.C. season|2008–09]]
* League Title and League Cup: '''10'''
:: 1946–47, 1960–61, [[1986–87 Rangers F.C. season|1986–87]], [[1988–89 Rangers F.C. season|1988–89]], [[1990–91 Rangers F.C. season|1990–91]], [[1993–94 Rangers F.C. season|1993–94]], [[1996–97 Rangers F.C. season|1996–97]], [[2004–05 Rangers F.C. season|2004–05]], [[2009–10 Rangers F.C. season|2009–10]], [[2010–11 Rangers F.C. season|2010–11]]
* Scottish Cup and League Cup: '''4'''
:: 1961–62, [[1978–79 Rangers F.C. season|1978–79]], [[2001–02 Rangers F.C. season|2001–02]], [[2007–08 Rangers F.C. season|2007–08]]
===Notable statistics===
Rangers became the first British side to reach a UEFA-sanctioned European final in 1961.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rangers.co.uk/club/history/club-history/item/328-a-classic-team |title=A Classic Team |access-date=13 March 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140313212955/http://www.rangers.co.uk/club/history/club-history/item/328-a-classic-team |archive-date=13 March 2014}}</ref>
==UEFA club coefficient rankings==
{{updated|1 June 2025}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.uefa.com/memberassociations/uefarankings/club/ |archive-url=https://archive.today/20131101185912/http://www.uefa.com/memberassociations/uefarankings/club/#/yr/2019 |url-status=dead |archive-date=1 November 2013 |title=UEFA Club Co-efficient Rankings |publisher=UEFA |access-date=10 July 2017}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
! Ranking !! Club !! Country !! {{nowrap|2024/25}} Points !! Total Points !! National Association Points
|-
|22
|[[Juventus FC|Juventus]]
|{{flagicon|ITA}}
|16.250
|74.250
|19.446
|-
|23
|[[Eintracht Frankfurt]]
|{{flagicon|GER}}
|23.000
|74.000
|17.266
|-
|24
|[[Club Brugge KV|Club Brugge]]
|{{flagicon|BEL}}
|15.750
|71.750
|11.370
|-
|'''25'''
|'''Rangers'''
|{{flagicon|SCO}}
|19.250
|71.250
|7.110
|-
|26
|[[Feyenoord]]
|{{flagicon|NED}}
|18.000
|71.000
|13.430
|-
|27
|[[Tottenham Hotspur F.C.|Tottenham Hotspur]]
|{{flagicon|ENG}}
|32.250
|70.250
|23.039
|-
|28
|[[PSV Eindhoven]]
|{{flagicon|NED}}
|21.250
|69.250
|13.430
|-
|}
==Notable former players==
{{Main|List of Rangers F.C. players}}
{{see also|List of Rangers F.C. international footballers|Rangers F.C. Hall of Fame}}
===Club captains===
For further information, see [[List of Rangers F.C. players#Club captains|Rangers club captains]].
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|- valign="top"
|
{| class="wikitable sortable alternance"
|-
! style="background-color:#1b458f; color:white; border:3px ##;" scope="col"|Name
! style="background-color:#1b458f; color:white; border:3px ##;" scope="col"|Period
|-
|{{flagicon|Scotland}} [[Tom Vallance]] || 1876–1882
|-
|{{flagicon|Scotland}} [[David Mitchell (footballer, born 1866)|David Mitchell]] || 1882–1894
|-
|{{flagicon|Scotland}} [[John McPherson (footballer, born 1868)|John McPherson]] || 1894–1898
|-
|{{flagicon|Scotland}} [[Robert Hamilton (Scottish footballer)|Robert Hamilton]] || 1898–1906
|-
|{{flagicon|Scotland}} [[Robert Campbell (footballer, born 1883)|Robert Campbell]] || 1906–1916
|-
|{{flagicon|Scotland}} [[Tommy Cairns]] || 1916–1926
|-
|{{flagicon|Ireland|1783}} [[Bert Manderson]] || 1926–1927
|-
|{{flagicon|Scotland}} [[Tommy Muirhead]] || 1927–1930
|-
|{{flagicon|Scotland}} [[David Meiklejohn]] || 1930–1938
|-
|{{flagicon|Scotland}} [[Jimmy Simpson (footballer, born 1908)|Jimmy Simpson]] || 1938–1940
|-
|{{flagicon|Scotland}} [[Jock Shaw]] || 1940–1957
|-
|{{flagicon|Scotland}} [[George Young (Scottish footballer)|George Young]] || 1953–1957
|-
|{{flagicon|Scotland}} [[Ian McColl]] || 1957–1960
|-
|{{flagicon|Scotland}} [[Eric Caldow]] || 1960–1962
|-
|{{flagicon|Scotland}} [[Bobby Shearer]] || 1962–1965
|-
|{{flagicon|Scotland}} [[John Greig]] || 1965–1978
|-
|{{flagicon|Scotland}} [[Derek Johnstone]] || 1978–1983
|-
|{{flagicon|Northern Ireland}} [[John McClelland (footballer, born 1955)|John McClelland]] || 1983–1984
|}
|
{| class="wikitable sortable alternance"
|-
! style="background-color:#1b458f; color:white; border:3px ##;" scope="col"|Name
! style="background-color:#1b458f; color:white; border:3px ##;" scope="col"|Period
|-
|{{flagicon|Scotland}} [[Craig Paterson]] || 1984–1986
|-
|{{flagicon|England}} [[Terry Butcher]] || 1986–1990
|-
|rowspan="2"|{{flagicon|Scotland}} [[Richard Gough]] || 1990–1997
|-
|1997–1998
|-
|{{flagicon|Denmark}} [[Brian Laudrup]] || 1997
|-
|{{flagicon|Italy}} [[Lorenzo Amoruso]] || 1998–2000
|-
|rowspan="3"|{{flagicon|Scotland}} [[Barry Ferguson]] || 2000–2003
|-
|2005–2007
|-
|2007–2009
|-
|{{flagicon|Australia}} [[Craig Moore]] || 2003–2004
|-
|{{flagicon|Germany}} [[Stefan Klos]] || 2004–2005
|-
|{{flagicon|Scotland}} [[Gavin Rae]] || 2007
|-
|{{flagicon|Scotland}} [[David Weir (Scottish footballer)|David Weir]] || 2009–2012
|-
|{{flagicon|Northern Ireland}} [[Steven Davis]] || 2012
|-
|{{flagicon|USA}} [[Carlos Bocanegra]] || 2012
|-
|{{flagicon|Scotland}} [[Lee McCulloch]] || 2012–2015
|-
|{{flagicon|Scotland}} [[Lee Wallace]] || 2015–2018
|-
|{{flagicon|England}} [[James Tavernier]] || 2018–
|}
|}
{{football squad on pitch|align=right|font-size=95%
| GK = [[Andy Goram|Goram]]
| RB = [[Sandy Jardine|Jardine]]
| RCB = [[Richard Gough|Gough]]
| LCB = [[Terry Butcher|Butcher]]
| LB = [[John Greig|Greig]]
| RM = [[Brian Laudrup|Laudrup]]
| RCM = [[Paul Gascoigne|Gascoigne]]
| LCM = [[Jim Baxter|Baxter]]
| LM = [[Davie Cooper|Cooper]]
| RCF = [[Ally McCoist|McCoist]]
| LCF = [[Mark Hateley|Hateley]]
| caption = The "Greatest Ever" Rangers 11 chosen by fans in 1999. The manager chosen was [[Walter Smith]].{{#tag:ref|Choices were limited to post World War II era players only.|group="n"}}<ref>{{cite web | title = Rangers Greatest 11 | access-date = 20 January 2013 | year = 2011 | publisher = The official Rangers FC Website | url = http://www.rangerspics.com/rangers_greatest_11_pin_badge_framed_set/print/5372821.html | url-status=dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130101144206/http://www.rangerspics.com/rangers_greatest_11_pin_badge_framed_set/print/5372821.html | archive-date = 1 January 2013 | df = dmy-all }}</ref>}}
===Greatest-ever team===
The following team was voted the greatest ever Rangers team by supporters in 1999. When the vote was launched it was feared that younger voters would ignore the great service of many of the pre-war stars (notably the most successful captain and most successful manager the club has ever had, [[Davie Meiklejohn]] and [[Bill Struth]] respectively). When the ballot was launched [[Donald Findlay]] stated it would be limited to post Second World War players because "few can recall players of these earlier eras":<ref name="Greig">[http://www.thefreelibrary.com/FOOTBALL%3A+GREIG+IS+VOTED+GREATEST+EVER+RANGER!%3B+Ally+second+with+Slim...-a060162063 Football: Greig is voted greatest ever Ranger!] The Free Library, 1999</ref>
* {{Flagicon|Scotland}} [[Andy Goram]]
* {{Flagicon|Scotland}} [[Sandy Jardine]]
* {{Flagicon|Scotland}} [[Richard Gough]]
* {{Flagicon|England}} [[Terry Butcher]]
* {{Flagicon|Scotland}} [[John Greig]] – voted Rangers' greatest-ever player
* {{Flagicon|Denmark}} [[Brian Laudrup]] – voted Rangers' greatest-ever foreign player
* {{Flagicon|England}} [[Paul Gascoigne]]
* {{Flagicon|Scotland}} [[Jim Baxter]] – voted Rangers' third greatest-ever player
* {{Flagicon|Scotland}} [[Davie Cooper]]
* {{Flagicon|Scotland}} [[Ally McCoist]] – voted Rangers' second greatest-ever player
* {{Flagicon|England}} [[Mark Hateley]]
===Scottish Football Hall of Fame===
As of 1 June 2020, 33 players and managers to have been involved with Rangers in their careers have entered the [[Scottish Football Hall of Fame]]:<ref>[http://scottishfootballhalloffame.co.uk/hall-of-fame/ Scottish Football Hall of Fame] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131101063107/http://www.scottishfootballmuseum.org.uk/hall-of-fame/hall-of-fame-introduction.html |date=1 November 2013 }} Scottish Football Museum</ref>
{{Div col|colwidth=13em}}
* {{flagicon|SCO}} [[John Greig]] – 2004 Inaugural Inductee
* {{flagicon|SCO}} [[Graeme Souness]] – 2004 Inaugural Inductee
* {{flagicon|SCO}} [[Alex Ferguson|Sir Alex Ferguson]] – 2004 Inaugural Inductee
* {{flagicon|SCO}} [[Jim Baxter]] – 2004 Inaugural Inductee
* {{flagicon|SCO}} [[Willie Woodburn]] – 2004 Inaugural Inductee
* {{flagicon|SCO}} [[Alex McLeish]] – 2005 Inductee
* {{flagicon|SCO}} [[Willie Waddell]] – 2005 Inductee
* {{flagicon|SCO}} [[George Young (Scottish footballer)|George Young]] – 2005 Inductee
* {{flagicon|SCO}} [[Alan Morton]] – 2005 Inductee
* {{flagicon|SCO}} [[Davie Cooper]] – 2006 Inductee
* {{flagicon|DEN}} [[Brian Laudrup]] – 2006 Inductee
* {{flagicon|SCO}} [[Sandy Jardine]] – 2006 Inductee
* {{flagicon|SCO}} [[Willie Henderson]] – 2006 Inductee
* {{flagicon|SCO}} [[Richard Gough]] – 2006 Inductee
* {{flagicon|SCO}} [[Walter Smith]] – 2007 Inductee
* {{flagicon|SCO}} [[Ally McCoist]] – 2007 Inductee
* {{flagicon|SCO}} [[Eric Caldow]] – 2007 Inductee
* {{flagicon|SCO}} [[Derek Johnstone]] – 2008 Inductee
* {{flagicon|SCO}} [[Bill Struth]] – 2008 Inductee
* {{flagicon|SCO}} [[David Meiklejohn]] – 2009 Inductee
* {{flagicon|SCO}} [[Mo Johnston]] – 2009 Inductee
* {{flagicon|SCO}} [[Andy Goram]] – 2010 Inductee
* {{flagicon|SCO}} [[Robert Smyth McColl]] – 2011 Inductee
* {{flagicon|ENG}} [[Terry Butcher]] – 2011 Inductee
* {{flagicon|SCO}} [[Bob McPhail]] – 2012 Inductee
* {{flagicon|SCO}} [[Scot Symon]] – 2013 Inductee
* {{flagicon|SCO}} [[Davie Wilson]] – 2014 Inductee
* {{flagicon|SCO}} [[Bobby Brown (footballer, born 1923)|Bobby Brown]] – 2015 Inductee
* {{flagicon|SCO}} [[Jock Wallace Jr.|Jock Wallace]] – 2016 Inductee
* {{flagicon|SCO}} [[Archie Knox]] – 2018 Inductee
* {{flagicon|SCO}} [[Ian McMillan (footballer)|Ian McMillan]] – 2018 Inductee
* {{flagicon|SCO}} [[Tommy McLean]] – 2019 Inductee
* {{flagicon|SCO}} [[Colin Stein]] – 2019 Inductee
{{Div col end}}
===Scottish FA International Roll of Honour===
The [[Scottish FA International Roll of Honour]] recognises players who have gained 50 or more international caps for Scotland. As of 1 July 2021, the 10 inductees to have won caps while playing for Rangers are:<ref name=SFARoll>{{cite web|url=https://www.scottishfa.co.uk/scotland/roll-of-honour/mens-roll-of-honour/|publisher=Scottish Football Association|access-date=20 January 2013|title=International Roll of Honour}}</ref>
* {{flagicon|SCO}} [[David Weir (Scottish footballer)|David Weir]] – 2006 Inductee, 69 Caps
* {{flagicon|SCO}} [[Kenny Miller]] – 2010 Inductee, 69 Caps
* {{flagicon|SCO}} [[Christian Dailly]] – 2003 Inductee, 67 Caps
* {{flagicon|SCO}} [[Richard Gough]] – 1990 Inductee, 61 Caps
* {{flagicon|SCO}} [[Ally McCoist]] – 1996 Inductee, 61 Caps
* {{flagicon|SCO}} [[George Young (Scottish footballer)|George Young]] – 1956 Inductee, 54 Caps
* {{flagicon|SCO}} [[Graeme Souness]] – 1985 Inductee, 54 Caps
* {{flagicon|SCO}} [[Colin Hendry]] – 2001 Inductee, 51 Caps
* {{flagicon|SCO}} [[Steven Naismith]] – 2019 Inductee, 51 Caps
* {{flagicon|SCO}} [[Alan Hutton]] – 2016 Inductee, 50 Caps
===Scottish Sports Hall of Fame===
Three Rangers players have been selected in the [[Scottish Sports Hall of Fame]], they are:<ref>[http://www.sshf.co.uk/inductees Scottish Sports Hall of Fame] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130524105030/http://www.sshf.co.uk/inductees |date=24 May 2013 }} Scottish Sports</ref>
* {{flagicon|SCO}} [[Jim Baxter]] – 2002 Inductee
* {{flagicon|SCO}} [[John Greig]] – 2002 Inductee
* {{flagicon|SCO}} [[Ally McCoist]] – 2007 Inductee
===Greatest-ever Ranger===
[[John Greig]] was voted the greatest ever Rangers player in 1999.<ref name="Greig"/>
He was announced as Honorary Life President in 2015.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.rangers.co.uk/news/headlines/item/9324-greig-named-honorary-president |title=Greig Named Honorary President |website=Rangers F.C. |date=23 May 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150526215457/http://www.rangers.co.uk/news/headlines/item/9324-greig-named-honorary-president |archive-date=26 May 2015}}</ref>
==Sponsors==
As of July 2025, Rangers are sponsored by:<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://rangers.co.uk/commercial/partnerships/|title=Our Partners|website=Rangers Football Club, Official Website}}</ref>
==
* Official Kit Manufacturer, Retail, Merchandise and Licensing Partner – [[Umbro]]
* Principal Club Sponsor – [[Kindred Group]]<ref name="Kindred">{{Cite web|url=https://www.rangers.co.uk/article/kindred-highlights-its-zero-mission-with-new-rangers-kit-branding/6csTmgbTi6qu0y5qaMnCNq|title=Kindred Highlights It's Zero Mission With New Rangers Kit Branding|date=9 June 2023|website=Rangers Football Club, Official Website}}</ref>
* Official Shirt Sponsor – [[Unibet]]<ref name="Kindred"/>
* Official Training Kit Partner – [[32Red]]<ref name="Kindred"/>
* Official Presenting Partner – [[Park's Motor Group]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rangers.co.uk/article/rangers-announce-parks-motor-group-presenting-partnership/4DYOJbSX0yqf1PVIhdLSm6|title=Rangers Announce Park's Motor Group Presenting Partnership|date=27 January 2023|website=Rangers Football Club, Official Website}}</ref>
* Official Upper Back of Shirt Sponsor and Logistics Partner – Seko Logistics<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rangers.co.uk/article/seko-logistics-announced-as-official-logistics-partner/6Uz9avpDjAIrJPQTQmf6LB|title=Seko Logistics announced as official logistics partner|date=27 July 2020|website=Rangers Football Club, Official Website}}</ref>
* Official Lower Back of Shirt Sponsor and Official Ibrox Stadium Payment Processing Partner – Guavapay<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rangers.co.uk/article/rangers-announce-guavapay-as-new-back-of-shirt-partner/6VwCMknpMg1KV0MxXvCHxT|title=Rangers Announce Guavapay As New Back Of Shirt Partner|date=22 November 2024|website=Rangers Football Club, Official Website}}</ref>
* Official Sleeve Partner – BOXT<ref name="ReferenceB"/>
* Official Women's Principal Partner and Official Women's Front Of Shirt Partner – Sportsbreaks.com<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rangers.co.uk/article/rangers-announce-expanded-partnership-with-destination-sport-group/5r9iuoFmJc3SHRKQ9S2h3o/|title=Rangers Announce Expanded Partnership With Destination Sport Group|date=6 July 2023|website=Rangers Football Club, Official Website}}</ref>
* Official Academy Partner – Carrick Packaging<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://rangers.co.uk/news/academy-news/carrick-packaging-to-sponsor-academy-squads/|title=Carrick Packaging To Sponsor Academy Squads|date=15 July 2019|website=Rangers Football Club, Official Website}}</ref>
* Official Academy Front of Shirt Training Wear Partner and Air Conditioning Partner – CSD Air Conditioning<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rangers.co.uk/article/rangers-announce-new-associate-partnership-with-csd-air-conditioning-ltd/6bP5XGvBynYUnTDYiy6Ucp|title=Rangers Announce New Associate Partnership With CSD Air Conditioning LTD|date=15 July 2022|website=Rangers Football Club, Official Website}}</ref>
* Official Destination Partner – Experience [[Kissimmee, Florida|Kissimmee]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rangers.co.uk/article/rangers-announce-partnership-with-experience-kissimmee/4xKMcFPZZQr7xJoTybXcnT|title=Rangers Announce Partnership With Experience Kissimmee|date=4 August 2023|website=Rangers Football Club, Official Website}}</ref>
* Official Lager Partner – [[Tennent Caledonian|Tennent's Lager]]
* Official Breakfast Cereals Partner – [[Kellogg's]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rangers.co.uk/article/rangers-announce-partnership-with-kelloggs/6v5J7RpM74FJCjULPS6Rm5|title=Rangers Announce Partnership With Kellogg's|date=29 January 2024|website=Rangers Football Club, Official Website}}</ref>
* Official Video Gaming Partner – [[EA Sports]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rangers.co.uk/article/rangers-announce-multi-year-partnership-with-ea-sports/4SxTb4WGGCUIc1AJ1P6KDv|title=Rangers Announce Multi-Year Partnership With EA Sports|date=23 August 2022|website=Rangers Football Club, Official Website}}</ref>
* Official Digital Auction Supplier – MatchWornShirt<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rangers.co.uk/article/rangers-announce-partnership-with-matchwornshirt/3mmIYzuxriwCfnKIpXnY4d|title=Rangers Announce Partnership With MatchWornShirt|date=5 August 2022|website=Rangers Football Club, Official Website}}</ref>
* Official FX Transfer Partner – Ebury<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rangers.co.uk/article/rangers-announce-partnership-with-ebury/5d40HCSuHO7VkYrgmxTolw|title=Rangers Announce Partnership With Ebury|date=18 January 2024|website=Rangers Football Club, Official Website}}</ref>
===Associate partners===
* Official Scotch Whisky Partner – [[Douglas Laing & Co]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rangers.co.uk/article/rangers-partner-with-douglas-laing/1thXdrMMXhKeCARMmGXJ7E|title=Rangers Partner With Douglas Laing|date=9 November 2021|website=Rangers Football Club, Official Website}}</ref>
* Official Restaurant Partner – Black Rooster<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rangers.co.uk/article/rangers-announce-partnership-with-black-rooster/3MeDg9lBZR8WHS7FLSDIHm|title=Rangers Announce Partnership With Black Rooster|date=27 August 2021|website=Rangers Football Club, Official Website}}</ref>
* Official Engineering Partner – Forrest Precision Engineering<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rangers.co.uk/article/rangers-announce-new-associate-partnership-with-forrest-precision/20EFsNI8Rf1fBKwvNCj7jk|title=Rangers Announce New Associate Partnership With Forrest Precision Engineering|date=27 July 2021|website=Rangers Football Club, Official Website}}</ref>
* Official Cyber Security Partner – [[NordVPN]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rangers.co.uk/article/rangers-partner-with-nordvpn/41tatnC4AHyi7Hj1jgHhqW|title=Rangers Partner With NordVPN|date=12 February 2021|website=Rangers Football Club, Official Website}}</ref>
* Official Electrical and Security Partner – JC Electrical & Security Solutions
* Official Ground Engineering Partner – Northern Piling
===Official suppliers===
* Official Business Travel Supplier – Destination Sport Travel
* Official Match Breaks Supplier – Sportsbreaks.com
* Official Title Sponsorship Partner - [[William Hill (bookmaker)|William Hill]]
* Official Television Supplier – [[Sky Sports]]
* Official Food and Beverage Partner – [[Elior Group|Elior UK]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rangers.co.uk/article/rangers-announces-elior-as-food-and-beverage-partner/2IBChMH7IC9QAQFU16yMbv|title=Rangers Announces Elior As Food And Beverage Partner|date=2 September 2024|website=Rangers Football Club, Official Website}}</ref>
* Official Soft Drink Supplier – [[Coca-Cola]]
* Official Hydration Partner – [[Lucozade|Lucozade Sport]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rangers.co.uk/article/lucozade-sport-teams-up-with-Rangers-to-become-clubs-official-hydration/1fkCHJ4ITqNGOXNKH3z7C7|title=Lucozade Sport Teams Up With Rangers To Become Club's Official Hydration Partner|date=11 December 2020|website=Rangers Football Club, Official Website|access-date=11 December 2020|archive-date=11 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201211151117/https://www.rangers.co.uk/Article/lucozade-sport-teams-up-with-rangers-to-become-clubs-official-hydration/1fkCHJ4ITqNGOXNKH3z7C7|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* Official Personal Care Supplier – [[Molton Brown]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://rangers.co.uk/news/club/rangers-partner-with-molton-brown/|title=Rangers Partner With Molton Brown|date=16 January 2020|website=Rangers Football Club, Official Website}}</ref>
* Official Rangers Legends Events Supplier – 5 Stars<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rangers.co.uk/article/rangers-appoint-5-stars-limited-as-rangers-legends-events-supplier/6S5Rd3b5yjvhNCd6U1bqgJ|title=Rangers Appoint 5 Stars Limited As Rangers Legends Events Supplier|date=25 September 2020|website=Rangers Football Club, Official Website}}</ref>
* Official Events Partner – [[Turnberry (golf course)|Turnberry]]
* Official Clothing Partner – Suited & Booted
===Club & Federation partners===
* Official Club Partners – [[All India Football Federation]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rangers.co.uk/article/rangers-partner-with-all-india-football-federation/6mretBwPC3p9X7LqKrMX2Q|title=Rangers Partner With All India Football Federation|date=1 June 2022|website=Rangers Football Club, Official Website}}</ref> [[Bengaluru FC|Bengalaru]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://rangers.co.uk/news/headlines/rangers-partner-with-bengaluru-fc/|title=Rangers Partner With Bengaluru FC|date=27 September 2019|website=Rangers Football Club, Official Website}}</ref> and [[Orange County SC|Orange County]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://rangers.co.uk/news/headlines/rangers-orange-county-sc-announcement/|title=Rangers & Orange County SC Announcement|date=23 December 2019|website=Rangers Football Club, Official Website}}</ref>
A full list of Rangers commercial partners and sponsors can be found on the official club website and in the Rangers matchday programme, available at every home game.
==
* [[Football in Scotland]]
==
{{reflist|group=n}}
==References==
{{reflist|30em}}
==
{{Refbegin}}
* {{cite book|title=Fear and loathing in world football|publisher=Berg Publishers|author1=Armstrong, Gary|author2=Giulianotti, Richard|year=2001|isbn=1-85973-463-4|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CJxIbXQfE1IC|access-date=15 August 2012}}
* {{cite book|title=News of the World Football Annual 2006/2007|publisher=HarperCollins UK|author=Barnes, Stuart|year=2010|isbn=9780007234233|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6E3PDBauGkEC&q=rangers+win+scottish+cup+in+1975&pg=PA404|access-date=20 December 2012}}
* {{cite book|title=Glasgow Rangers: Player by Player|publisher=Crowood Press|author1=Ferrier, Bob|author2=McElroy, Robert|year=1990|isbn=1-85223-404-0}}
* {{cite book|title=Glasgow Rangers: Player by Player|publisher=Crowood Press|author1=Ferrier, Bob|author2=McElroy, Robert|year=1998|isbn=0-600-59495-5}}
* {{cite book|title=Rangers: The Complete Record|publisher=Breedon Books|author1=Ferrier, Bob|author2=McElroy, Robert|year=2005|isbn=1-85983-481-7}}
* {{cite book|title=Glasgow, the Uneasy Peace: Religious Tension in Modern Scotland, 1819–1914|publisher=Manchester University Press ND|author=Gallagher, Tom|year=1987|isbn=9780719023965|url=https://archive.org/details/glasgowuneasypea00gall|url-access=registration|access-date=18 August 2012}}
* {{cite book|title=Football: A Sociology of the Global Game|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|author=Giulianotti, Richard|year=1999|isbn=9780745617695}}
* {{cite book|title=Football Against the Enemy|publisher=Orion|author=Kuper, Simon|year=1994|isbn=0-7528-4877-1}}
* {{cite book|title=The Old Firm: Sectarianism, Sport and Society in Scotland|publisher=John Donald Publishers|author=Murray, William J.|year=2000|isbn=9780859765428}}
* {{cite book|title=The Encyclopedia of Scottish Football|author1=Potter, David|author2=Jones, Phil|year=2011|publisher=Pitch Publishing|isbn=978-1908051103}}
* {{cite book|title=Sky Sports Football Yearbook 2011–12|author1=Rollin, Glenda|author2=Rollin, Jack|publisher=Headline|isbn=978-0755362325|date=4 August 2011}}
* {{cite book|title=Great Sporting Rivals (Large Print 16pt)|publisher=ReadHowYouWant.com|author=Romanos, Joseph|year=2010|isbn=9781458779663|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KHf9vFXIOLEC&q=rangers+football+club+records&pg=PA139|access-date=25 December 2012}}
* {{cite book|title=End to End Stuff|publisher=Random House|author=Scott, Les|year=2008|isbn=9780593060681|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cqhm26eVPYMC&q=end+to+end+stuff|access-date=24 August 2012}}
* {{cite book|title=For Richer, for Poorer: The Murray Years|publisher=Random House|author=Smith, Paul|year=2012|isbn=9781780572826|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kH8jMcBSqUIC&q=rangers+player+graduated+from+murray+park&pg=PT84|access-date=4 January 2013}}
* {{cite book|title=Graeme Souness: A Manager's Diary|publisher=Mainstream Publishing|author1=Souness, Graeme|author2=Gallacher, Ken|year=1989|isbn=9781851582242}}
{{Refend}}
==External links==
{{commons category|Rangers F.C.}}
{{toomanylinks|date=June 2024}}
* {{Official website}}
* [http://www.spfl.co.uk/clubs/rangers/ Rangers from Scottish Professional Football League]
* [http://www.scotprem.com/content/default.asp?page=s13_2|title=Rangers Football Club: Team profile]{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
* [https://www.fifa.com/live-scores/clubs/club=scotland-rangers-31067/index.html Rangers] at FIFA
* [https://www.uefa.com/nationalassociations/teams/50121--rangers/ Rangers FC] at UEFA
* [http://www.club1872.co.uk Club 1872]
{{BBC football info|rangers}}
* [http://www.fitbastats.com/rangers/index.php Club information] at ''Fitbastats.com''
{{Rangers F.C.|state=expanded}}
{{Rangers F.C. seasons}}
{{Rangers F.C. matches}}
{{Scottish Professional Football League}}
{{Scottish Premier League}}
{{Scottish Football League}}
{{Original Scottish
{{ECA}}
{{UEFA Cup Winners' Cup winners}}
{{Glasgow}}
{{Football in Glasgow}}
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:Rangers F.C.| ]]
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