Circuit breaker design pattern: Difference between revisions

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{{Short description|Software development pattern}}

The '''Circuit breakerBreaker''' is a [[Design pattern (computer science)|design pattern]] commonly used in [[software development]] to improve system resilience and fault tolerance. Circuit breaker pattern can prevent [[cascading failure]]s particularly in [[Distributed computing|distributed systems]].<ref>{{Cite book |title=Machine Learning in Microservices Productionizing Microservices Architecture for Machine Learning Solutions |publisher=Packt Publishing |year=2023 |isbn=9781804612149}}</ref> In distributed systems, the Circuit Breaker pattern can be used to monitor service health and can detect failures dynamically. Unlike [[Timeout (computing)|timeout]]-based methods, which can lead to delayed error responses or the premature failure of healthy requests, the Circuit Breaker pattern can proactively identify unresponsive services and can prevent repeated attempts. This approach can enhance the user experience. <ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Richards |first=Mark |title=Microservices AntiPatterns and Pitfalls |publisher=O'Reilly}}</ref>

The circuit breaker pattern can be used in conjunction with other patterns, such as retry, fallback, and timeout, to enhance fault tolerance in systems. <ref>{{Cite book |title=Kubernetes Native Microservices with Quarkus and MicroProfile |publisher=Manning |year=2022 |isbn=9781638357155}}</ref>

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=== Closed state ===

[[File:Circuit Breaker -Closed state.png|thumb|Circuit Breaker Closed Statestate]]

When everything is normal, the circuit breakers remainedremain ''closed'', and all the requestrequests passespass through to the services as shown below. If the number of failures increases beyond the threshold, the circuit breaker trips and goes into an ''open'' state.

[[File:Circuit Breaker -Closed state.png|thumb|Circuit Breaker Closed State]]

{{clear}}

=== Open state ===

[[File:Circuit Breaker -Openstate.png|thumb|Circuit Breaker Open Statestate]]

In this state circuit breaker returns an error immediately without even invoking the services. The Circuit breakers move into the ''half-open'' state after a timeout period elapses. Usually, it will have a monitoring system where the timeout will be specified.

[[File:Circuit Breaker -Openstate.png|thumb|Circuit Breaker Open State]]

{{clear}}

=== Half-open state ===

[[File:Circuit Breaker -Half Open state.png|thumb|Circuit Breaker Half-open Open Statestate]]

In this state, the circuit breaker allows a limited number of requests from the service to pass through and invoke the operation. If the requests are successful, then the circuit breaker will go to the ''closed'' state. However, if the requests continue to fail, then it goes back to Open''open'' state.

[[File:Circuit Breaker -Half Open state.png|thumb|Circuit Breaker Half Open State]]

==References==