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Color bands were used because they were easily and cheaply printed on tiny components. However, there were drawbacks, especially for [[Color blindness|color blind]] people. Overheating of a component or dirt accumulation may make it impossible to distinguish brown from red or orange. Advances in printing technology have now made printed numbers more practical on small components. The values of components in [[surface mount]] packages are marked with printed alphanumeric codes instead of a color code.
==Resistors
{{anchor|Resistor code}}
[[Image:Preferred values 05 Pengo.svg|thumb|One decade of the [[E12 series]] (there are twelve preferred values per decade of values) shown with their electronic color codes on [[resistor]]s]]
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* '''B'''ad '''B'''eer '''R'''ots '''O'''ut '''Y'''our '''G'''uts '''B'''ut '''V'''odka '''G'''oes '''W'''ell – '''G'''et '''S'''ome '''N'''ow.<ref name="Campbell_BUCD"/>
The colors are sorted in ascending order of visible light photon [[visible light spectrum|frequency/energy]] like in a rainbow to make them easy to remember and to reduce the significance of possible read errors due to color shifts and fading over time<!-- except for the tolerance ring -->: red (2), orange (3), yellow (4), green (5), blue (6), violet (7). Black (0) has no energy, brown (1) has a little more, white (9) has everything and grey (8) is like white, but less intense.<ref name="Clement"/>
=={{anchor|Capacitor code}}Capacitors==
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; Online resistor calculators
:* [http://www.resistorcalc.net Multi-purpose resistor code converter] (4 and 5 band, mobile-friendly, shows nearest standard value)
:* [
; Historical charts
:* [https://stevenjohnson.com/cardboard/wheelcharts.htm Wheel charts]
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