Tiananmen Square: Difference between revisions

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Latest revision as of 20:19, 15 July 2025

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{{short description|Public square in Beijing, China}}

{{For|the 1989 protest|Tiananmen Square protests of 1989}}

{{About|the city square|the historical event|1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre}}

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<!--Do not add the ''Tank Man'' image by Jeff Widener (AP) to this article as a decision was made that it can only be used in the Tank Man article. See [[File:Tianasquare.jpg]]-->

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'''Tiananmen Square''' or '''Tian'anmen Square''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|t|j|ɛ|n|ə|n|m|ə|n}}<ref>{{Cite dictionary |url=http://www.lexico.com/definition/Tiananmen_Square |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210518063701/https://www.lexico.com/definition/tiananmen_square |url-status=dead |archive-date=May 18, 2021 |title=Tiananmen Square |dictionary=[[Lexico]] UK English Dictionary |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]}}</ref>) is a [[town square|city square]] in the [[city center]] of [[Beijing]], China, named after the [[Tiananmen]] ("''Gate of Heavenly Peace''") located to its north, which separates it from the [[Forbidden City]] [[Chinese palace|imperial palace complex]]. The square contains the [[Monument to the People's Heroes]], the [[Great Hall of the People]], the [[National Museum of China]], and the [[Mausoleum of Mao Zedong]]. [[Mao Zedong]] [[Proclamation of the People's Republic of China|proclaimed]] the founding of the [[People's Republic of China]] in the square on October 1, 1949; the anniversary of this event is still observed there.<ref>The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed</ref> The size of Tiananmen Square is 765 × 282 meters (215,730 m² or 53.31 acres).<ref>{{cite web |title=Tiananmen Square incident|url=https://www.britannica.com/event/Tiananmen-Square-incident |website=Encyclopædia Britannica |access-date=11 February 2021}}</ref> It has great cultural significance as it was the site of several [[#Events|important events]] in Chinese history.

'''Tiananmen [[Square]]''' ({{zh-stp|s=天安门广场|t=天安門廣場|p=Tiān'ānmén Guǎngchǎng}}) is the large [[plaza]] near the center of [[Beijing]], [[China]], named after the [[Tiananmen]] (literally, ''Gate of Heavenly Peace'') which sits to its north, separating it from the [[Forbidden City]]. It has great cultural significance as a symbol because it was the site of several key events in Chinese history (See below: [[#Events|Events]]). Outside of China, the square is widely known for the [[Tiananmen Square protests of 1989]].

Outside China, the square is best known for the [[1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre|1989 protests and massacre]] that ended with a [[People's Liberation Army at the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre|military crackdown]] due to international media coverage, internet and global connectivity, its political implications, and other factors.<ref name="bbc-right">{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/8057762.stm |date=2 June 2009 |title=Tiananmen killings: Were the media right? |first=James |last=Miles |access-date=3 November 2010 |publisher=BBC News }}</ref><ref name="bbc">{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-42465516 |date=23 December 2017 |title=Tiananmen Square protest death toll 'was 10,000'|access-date=3 June 2019 |publisher=BBC News }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2009-06-04 |title=The Truth Behind The Tiananmen Square Massacre - |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/there-was-no-tiananmen-square-massacre/ |access-date=2023-06-30 |publisher=CBS News |language=en-US}}</ref> Within China, there is a [[Censorship in China|strict censorship]] of knowledge of the crackdowns by the [[Chinese Communist Party]].<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Ruan |first1=Lotus |last2=Knockel |first2=Jeffrey |last3=Ng |first3=Jason Q. |last4=Crete-Nishihata |first4=Masashi |date=December 2016 |title=One App, Two Systems |url=https://citizenlab.ca/2016/11/wechat-china-censorship-one-app-two-systems |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191010221114/https://citizenlab.ca/2016/11/wechat-china-censorship-one-app-two-systems/ |archive-date=10 October 2019 |access-date=30 September 2019 |at=figure 9}}</ref>

The square is 880 [[metre]]s south to north and 500 metres east to west, a total area of [[1 E5 m²|440,000 square meters]], which makes it the [[List of city squares by size|largest open-urban square in the world]].

[[Image:200401-beijing-tianan-square-overview.jpg|thumb|right|400px|Tiananmen Square as seen from the [[Tian'an Gate]]]]

==History==

===Early history===

The burning of Bastile is closly related to this event. This is because they both are a rebellion of freedom. Many find this research hard to uncover, because most of the evidence has been found written in Latin scripts. Tiananmen Square is a ''symbol'' of freedom. The [[Tiananmen]] was built in [[1417]] in the [[Ming Dynasty]]. In 1699 (early [[Qing Dynasty]]), the Tiananmen was renovated and renamed to its present form. During the [[Ming Dynasty|Ming]] and Qing eras, there was no public square at Tiananmen, and instead the area was filled with offices for imperial ministries. These were badly damaged during the [[Boxer Rebellion]] and the area was cleared to produce the beginning of Tiananmen Square.

[[File:Das Ta-ching-mên Südthor der Kaiserstadt.jpg|thumb|Tiananmen Square during [[Qing Dynasty]], viewed from Zhengyangmen Gate (Qianmen Gate) with the Gate of China, later removed in 1954 to make room for the present-day [[Mausoleum of Mao Zedong|Mao Zedong Mausoleum]]. The "corridor of a thousand steps" is visible (behind the Gate of China) and Tiananmen Gate is in the distance.]]

[[File:318-3.jpg|thumb|Tiananmen Square during the [[May Fourth movement]] in 1919]]

[[File:Tiananmen-gate-and-square-threeshots-2017-03-29-7pm.ogv|thumb|(video) Two shots of the namesake gate to the north followed by a shot of inside Tiananmen Square in 2017]]

The [[Tiananmen]] ("Gate of Heavenly Peace"), a gate in the wall of the [[Imperial City, Beijing|Imperial City]], was built in 1417 during the [[Ming dynasty]]. During the 17th century, fighting between [[Li Zicheng]]'s rebel forces and the forces of the [[Manchu people|Manchu]]-led [[Qing dynasty]] caused heavy damage to, or even destroyed, the gate. Tiananmen Square was designed and built in 1651 and was enlarged fourfold in the 1950s.<ref name="autogenerated1">Safra, J. (Ed.). (2003). Tiananmen Square. In New [[Encyclopædia Britannica]], The (15th ed., Chicago: Vol. 11). Encyclopædia Britannica INC. p. 752. [http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/594819/Tiananmen-Square Britannica Online version]</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://encyclopedia2.tfd.com/Tiananmen+Square|title=Tiananmen Square|publisher=Britannica Concise Encyclopedia. 2007|access-date=2008-08-03}}</ref>

Near the centre of today's square, close to the site of the [[Mausoleum of Mao Zedong|Mao Zedong Mausoleum]], once stood one of the most important gates of Beijing. This gate was known as the "Great Ming Gate" (大明门) during the [[Ming Dynasty]], "Great Qing Gate" (大清门) during the [[Qing Dynasty]], and "[[Gate of China, Beijing|Gate of China]]" (中华门) during the [[Republic of China]] era. Unlike the other gates in [[Beijing]], such as the [[Tiananmen]] and the [[Qianmen]], this was a purely ceremonial gateway, with three arches but no ramparts, similar in style to the ceremonial gateways found in the [[Ming Dynasty Tombs]]. This gate had a special status as the "Gate of the Nation", as can be seen from its successive names. It normally remained closed, except when the Emperor passed through. Commoner traffic were diverted to two side gates at the western and eastern ends of today's square, respectively. Because of this diversion in traffic, a busy marketplace, called Chessgrid Streets (棋盘街) developed in the small, fenced square to the south of this gate.

The gate historically known as the "Great Ming Gate", the southern gate to the Imperial City stands near the center of the square. It was renamed the "Great Qing Gate" during the Qing dynasty, and the "[[Gate of China (Beijing)|Gate of China]]" during the [[Republic of China (1912–49)|Republican era]]. Unlike the other gates in [[Beijing]], such as the Tiananmen and the [[Qianmen|Zhengyang Gate]], this was a purely ceremonial gateway, with three arches but no ramparts, similar in style to the ceremonial gateways found in the [[Ming tombs]]. This gate had a special status as the "Gate of the Nation", as can be seen from its successive names. It normally remained closed, except when the [[Emperor of China|emperor]] passed through. Commoner traffic was diverted to side gates at the western and eastern ends of the square, respectively. Because of this diversion in traffic, a busy marketplace, called "Chess Grid Streets", was developed in the large fenced square to the south of this gate.{{Cn|date=August 2023}}

In the early 1950s, the Gate of China (as it was then known) was demolished along with the Chessgrid Streets to the south, completing the expansion of Tiananmen Square to (approximately) its current size.

==Features=19th century===

In 1860, during the [[Second Opium War]], when British and French troops occupied Beijing, they pitched camp near the gate and briefly considered burning down the gate and the Forbidden City. Ultimately, they decided to spare the Forbidden City and instead burn down the [[Old Summer Palace]]. The [[Xianfeng Emperor]] eventually agreed to let [[Western world|Western powers]] barrack troops – and later establish diplomatic missions – in the area, hence there was the [[Beijing Legation Quarter|Legation Quarter]] immediately to the east of the square. When the forces of the [[Eight-Nation Alliance]] besieged Beijing during the [[Boxer Rebellion]] in 1900, they badly damaged the office complexes and burnt down several ministries. After the Boxer Rebellion ended, the area became a space for the Eight-Nation Alliance to assemble their military forces.{{Cn|date=August 2023}}

[[Image:Tiananmen Square.JPG|thumb|300px|The Tian'anmen Square in Beijing]]

Enlarged in [[1949]] to the current size, its flatness is broken only by the 38 metre high [[Monument to the People's Heroes]] and the [[Mausoleum of Mao Zedong]]. The square lies between two ancient, massive gates: the Tian'anmen to the north and the Zhengyangmen, better known as [[Qianmen]] ({{zh-stpl|s=前门|t=前門|p=Qiánmén|l=Front Gate}}) to the south. Along the west side of the Square is the [[Great Hall of the People]]. Along the east side is the [[National Museum of China]]. [[Chang'an Avenue]], which is used for parades, lies between the Tian'anmen and the Square. Trees line the east and west edges of the Square, but the square itself is open, with neither trees nor benches.

===20th century===

The Square is lit with huge lampposts which also sport video cameras{{Fact|date=February 2007}}. It is heavily monitored by uniformed and plain clothes policemen.

In Beijing, Tiananmen was re-developed from an insular imperial quarter to a larger public space viewed as consistent socialist political.<ref name=":Curtis&Klaus">{{Cite book |last1=Curtis |first1=Simon |title=The Belt and Road City: Geopolitics, Urbanization, and China's Search for a New International Order |last2=Klaus |first2=Ian |publisher=[[Yale University Press]] |isbn=9780300266900 |___location=New Haven and London |publication-date=2024 |doi=10.2307/jj.11589102 |jstor=jj.11589102}}</ref>{{Rp|page=110}} Over the 1950s, the square was quadrupled in size.<ref name=":Curtis&Klaus" />{{Rp|page=110}}

In 1954, the [[Gate of China, Beijing|Gate of China]] was demolished to allow for the enlargement of the square. In November 1958, a major expansion of Tiananmen Square started, which was completed after only 11 months, in August 1959. This followed the vision of [[Mao Zedong]] to make the square the largest and most spectacular in the world and intended to hold over 500,000 people. In that process, a large number of residential buildings and other structures were demolished.<ref name="Li 2007">Li, M. Lilliam; Dray-Novey, Alison J.; Kong, Haili (2007) ''Beijing: From Imperial Capital to Olympic City'', Palgrave, {{ISBN|978-1-4039-6473-1}}</ref> On its southern edge, the [[Monument to the People's Heroes]] has been erected. Concomitantly, as part of the [[Ten Great Buildings]] constructed between 1958 and 1959 to commemorate the ten-year anniversary of the People's Republic of China (PRC), the [[Great Hall of the People]] and the Revolutionary History Museum (now the [[National Museum of China]]) were erected on the western and eastern sides of the square.<ref name="Li 2007" />

For the first decade of the PRC, each [[National Day of the People's Republic of China|National Day]] (October 1) was marked by a large military parade in Tiananmen Square, in conscious emulation of the annual Soviet celebrations of the Bolshevik Revolution. After the disaster of the Great Leap Forward, the CCP decided to cut costs and have only smaller annual National Day celebrations in addition to a large celebration with a military parade every 10 years. However, the chaos of the Cultural Revolution almost prevented such an event from taking place on National Day in 1969 but did take place in 1966 and 1970.{{Cn|date=August 2023}}

In 1971, large portraits of [[Karl Marx]], [[Friedrich Engels]], [[Vladimir Lenin]], [[Joseph Stalin]], [[Sun Yat-sen]], and Mao Zedong were erected in the square, painted by artist [[Ge Xiaoguang]], who is also responsible for producing the famous portrait of Mao that hangs over the [[Gate of Heavenly Peace]]. In 1980, with the downgrading of political ideology following Mao's death, the portraits were taken down and thenceforth only brought out on Labor Day (May 1) and National Day.{{Cn|date=August 2023}}

Ten years later, in 1979, the [[Chinese Communist Party|CCP]] again decided against a large-scale celebration, coming at a time when [[Deng Xiaoping]] was still consolidating power and China had suffered a rebuff in a border war with Vietnam early in the year. By 1984, with the situation much improved and stabilized, the PRC held a military parade for the first time since 1959. The aftermath of the Tiananmen Square massacre prevented any such activities in October 1989, but military parades have been held in 1999 and 2009, on the 50th and 60th anniversaries of the PRC's founding.<ref>{{Cite web |title=1999 Tiananmen Square |url=https://www.chinadaily.com.cn/60th/2009-08/27/content_8623814.htm |archive-url=}}</ref>

One year after [[Mao Zedong|Mao]]'s death, a [[Mausoleum of Mao Zedong|mausoleum]] was built near the site of the former Gate of China along the main north–south axis of the square. In connection with this project, the square was further increased in size to become fully rectangular and able to accommodate 600,000 people.<ref name="Li 2007"/>

====1989 protests and massacre====

{{Main|1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre}}

In 1989, Tiananmen Square was the site of the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests that culminated in violence and a crackdown by the [[People's Liberation Army]].<ref>[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-48445934 "Tiananmen Square: What happened in the protests of 1989"], BBC, 23 December 2021</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2009-06-02 |title=Tiananmen killings: Were the media right? |language=en-GB |work=BBC |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/8057762.stm |access-date=2023-06-29}}</ref> Following the crackdown, many of the student leaders escaped to the United States with the help of foreign intelligence agencies and other parties through [[Operation Yellowbird]]. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-05-31 |title=The lives of Tiananmen's most wanted, 30 years on |url=https://qz.com/1618805/the-1989-tiananmen-student-leaders-on-chinas-most-wanted-list |access-date=2023-06-29 |website=Quartz |language=en}}</ref>

The urban context of the square was altered in the 1990s with the construction of [[National Centre for the Performing Arts (China)|National Grand Theater]] in its vicinity and the expansion of the National Museum.<ref name="Li 2007"/>

==Configuration==

[[File:Tiananmen Square - satellite image (1967-09-20).jpg|thumb|1967 satellite image of Tiananmen Square with the Tian'anmen gate to the north. Further work on the square was carried out in the 1970s to extend the open plaza by demolishing the buildings immediately to the south of the square.]]

Used as a venue for mass gatherings since its creation, its flatness is contrasted by both the 38-meter (125&nbsp;ft)-high "Monument to the People's Heroes" and the "Mausoleum of Mao Zedong".<ref name="autogenerated1" /> The square lies between two ancient, massive gates: the Tiananmen to the north and the Zhengyangmen, known as [[Qianmen]], to the south. Along the west side of the square is the Great Hall of the People. Along the east side is the National Museum of China dedicated to Chinese history predating 1919.

Erected in 1989, Liberty, a statue representing the western icon previously held her torch over the square.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Roberts|first=John Morris|chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/historyofworld0001robe/page/912|title=History of the world|chapter=The Chinese Enigma|date=1993|page=912|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=0-19-521043-3|___location=New York|oclc=28378422}}</ref>

==Visits==

Since Dec 15, 2021, visitors must make a reservation before entering the square area.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-11-24 |title=Visit to Tiananmen Square Will be by Reservation Only from December 15 |url=http://english.beijing.gov.cn/latest/news/202111/t20211124_2543664.html |access-date=2023-08-08 |website=english.beijing.gov.cn |language=en-US}}</ref>

==Events==

{{See also|1976 Tiananmen Incident|1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre|Flag Raising Ceremony|May Fourth Movement}}

Titananmen Square is closely related to Basile. Tiananmen Square has been the site of a number of political events such as the proclamation of the [[People's Republic of China]] by [[Mao Zedong]] in [[October 1]], [[1949]], for annual mass military displays on all subsequent National Days until October 1st 1959, plus the 1984 military parade for the 35th anniversary of the People's Republic of China and the 50th anniversary in 1999 plus for mass rallies during the [[Cultural Revolution]]. It has also been the site of a number of protest movements, most notably the [[May Fourth Movement]] of [[1919]] for [[science]] and [[democracy]], [[Tiananmen incident|protests in 1976]] after the death of [[Zhou Enlai]], and the [[Tiananmen Square protests of 1989]].

[[File:Eyes in the sky.jpg|thumb|Security cameras at Tiananmen Square]]

Tiananmen Square has been the site of a number of notable political events, student protests, and armed conflict.

Among the most notable events that have occurred on Tiananmen Square were protests during the [[May Fourth Movement]] in 1919, the proclamation of the People's Republic of China by [[Mao Zedong]] on October 1, 1949, the [[1976 Tiananmen Incident|Tiananmen Square protests in 1976]] after the death of [[Zhou Enlai]], and the [[1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre]] after the death of [[Hu Yaobang]], which was suppressed in a military crackdown.<ref>{{cite book|last=Wong|first=Jan|title=Red China Blues|year=1997|publisher=Random House|page=278}}</ref> Shortly after the crackdown, a man, dubbed [[Tank Man]], was photographed obstructing a column of tanks on Chang'an Avenue near the square.

The protests of 1989 resulted in the killing of Chinese protesters in the streets to the west of the square and adjacent areas. Some Western reporters who were on the square during the unfolding events reported that they saw no one actually die ''on the square itself'', though did see bloodied people but could not confirm whether they were either dead or injured ([http://www.earnshaw.com/memoirs/content.cfm?ID=16 Graham Earnshaw] and [http://archives.cjr.org/year/98/5/tiananmen.asp Columbia Journal Review]). However, Chinese expatriates who left the country after the killings said that the total number of deaths ended up being in the thousands. This was a combination of the hundreds killed on the spot and the "miniature" purge that followed. As of June of 2006, the confirmed number of deaths that happened around that night is 186 according to professor [[Ding Zilin]].<ref>[http://www.89-64.org/html/victims155.htm Professor Ding ZiLin: the list of the dead]</ref>

Other notable events included annual mass military displays on each anniversary of the 1949 proclamation until October 1, 1959; the 1984 [[military parade]] for the [[35th anniversary of the People's Republic of China]] which coincided with the ascendancy of [[Deng Xiaoping]]; military displays and parades on the [[50th anniversary of the People's Republic of China]] in 1999; the [[Tiananmen Square self-immolation incident]] in 2001; military displays and parades on the 60th anniversary of the People's Republic of China in 2009, and [[2013 Tiananmen Square attack|a terror attack in 2013 involving a vehicle that plowed into pedestrians]]. In 2023, police detained over 20 people, including Activist [[Alexandra Wong]], on the 34th anniversary of the bloody Tiananmen Square crackdown for "breaching the peace".<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-06-04 |title=Hong Kong police arrest pro-democracy figures on Tiananmen Square anniversary |language=en-GB |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/jun/04/hong-kong-police-arrest-pro-democracy-activist-alexandra-wong-on-tiananmen-square-anniversary |access-date=2023-06-07}}</ref>

==Images from near and in the square==

{{cleanup-gallery}}

<gallery>

Image:Tiananmen map.jpg|Map showing layout of Tiananmen Square and associated structures

Image:Monument people's heroes 2.jpg|[[Monument to the People's Heroes]], with the [[Mausoleum of Mao Zedong]]

</gallery>

==See alsoPanorama==

<imagemap>

* [[May Fourth Movement]]

Image:200401-beijing-tianan-square-overview.jpg|thumb|800px|center|Panorama [[image map]] of Tiananmen Square from the north atop [[Tiananmen]]'s gate tower, showing the square beyond [[Chang'an Avenue]], the [[Monument to the People's Heroes]] and [[Chairman Mao Memorial Hall]] (background center), the [[National Museum of China]] (on the left), and [[Great Hall of the People]] (on the right) (''mouse over for labels'')

* [[April Fifth Movement]]

* [[Tiananmen Square protests of 1989]]

poly 148 187 471 188 472 219 267 247 150 241 [[National Museum of China]]

==References==

poly 1048 242 1097 238 1168 266 990 278 653 293 412 291 201 270 184 267 261 250 500 259 675 260 933 258 1042 247 1082 245 [[Chang'an Avenue]]

<references/>

poly 680 181 684 178 689 181 691 215 707 217 715 221 658 226 664 219 682 217 [[Monument to the People's Heroes]]

poly 1136 237 1186 263 1278 250 1273 231 [[West Chang'an Avenue]]

poly 11 235 32 230 259 250 192 264 [[East Chang'an Avenue]]

poly 658 224 664 216 681 216 681 179 693 179 692 216 705 216 715 223 727 223 726 185 694 178 672 178 650 191 647 202 [[Mausoleum of Mao Zedong]]

poly 905 178 904 211 1113 235 1252 226 1253 191 1235 190 1236 164 1114 152 [[Great Hall of the People]]

poly 1237 180 1236 191 1253 191 1253 226 1277 224 1278 188 [[National Centre for the Performing Arts (China)|National Center for the Performing Arts]]

poly 344 249 652 260 924 249 1038 242 821 218 730 227 645 226 627 222 561 226 538 225 298 249 [[#Panorama|Tiananmen Square]]

poly 299 252 330 255 331 306 302 305 299 309 [[Huabiao]]

poly 959 249 998 247 1002 309 965 313 [[Huabiao]]

poly 1 265 277 373 554 408 905 394 1277 301 1277 427 701 427 435 427 2 426 [[Tiananmen|Tiananmen (Gate Tower)]]

desc top-left

== External links ==

</imagemap>

{{Commons|Tiananmen Square}}

* [http://www.kinabaloo.com/tiananmen_square.html Tiananmen Square] 30 High Quality Photographs

* [http://www.thebeijingguide.com/tiananmen_square/index.html Tiananmen Square in 360°]

* [http://bmusat.com/pics/tiananmen360.html Another Tiananmen Square in 360°]

* [http://www.nmch.gov.cn/ National Museum of Chinese History]

* [http://www.beijingservice.com/tiananmensquare.htm Tiananmen Square Introduction and Pictures]

* [http://maps.google.com/maps?q=beijing+china&ll=39.902472,116.391993&spn=0.007807,0.010131&t=k&hl=en Satellite photo of Tianmen Square]

* [http://www.guardian.co.uk/worldlatest/story/0,,-5864428,00.html Arrests on June 4, 2006 Tiananmen Square Anniversary]

==Gallery==

{{Coor title dms|39|54|12|N|116|23|30|E|type:landmark}}

<gallery widths=220 heights=220>

File:TiananmenGatePic1.jpg|[[Tiananmen]] gate to the north of Tiananmen Square

File:NationalMuseumofChinapic1.jpg|[[National Museum of China]] on the east side of the square

File:GreatHallofthePeoplepic2.jpg|The [[Great Hall of the People]] on the west side of the square

File:BeijingTiananmenSquaregatepicture2.jpg|[[Zhengyangmen]] Gate Tower marking the south end of Tiananmen Square

File:Monument people's heroes 2.jpg|[[Monument to the People's Heroes]] and the [[Mausoleum of Mao Zedong]] occupy the center of the square

File:Monument to the People's Heroes.jpg|[[Monument to the People's Heroes]]

File:Mausoleum von Mao Zedong.jpg|[[Mao Zedong Mausoleum|Mausoleum of Mao Zedong]]

File:Tianamen Square-Monument.jpg|Monument in front of Mao's Mausoleum on Tiananmen Square

File:Kaiguodadian.jpg|Students attending the founding ceremony of the People's Republic of China on October 1, 1949.

File:HammerSickle Tiananmen.jpg|A temporary monument in Tiananmen Square marking the 90th anniversary of the [[Chinese Communist Party]] in 2011

File:National mourning for 2008 Sichuan earthquake victims - Tiananmen Square, Beijing, 2008-05-19.jpg|National mourning on May 19, 2008, for the victims of the [[2008 Sichuan earthquake]]

File:November 29 student demonstration, Tiananmen Square.jpg|Students gather for a demonstration in Tiananmen Square, {{Circa|1917}}–1919.

</gallery>

== References ==

[[Category:Squares in Beijing]]

{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Visitor attractions in Beijing]]

==External links==

[[ar:ساحة تيانانمن]]

{{Wiktionary|Tiananmen Square|Tian'anmen Square|Tian An Men Square|Tienanmen Square}}

[[bg:Тянанмън]]

{{Commons category|Tiananmen Square}}

[[cs:Náměstí Nebeského klidu]]

* Photo of young people at May Day Parade, 1957 [https://collections.tepapa.govt.nz/object/188681]

[[da:Den Himmelske Freds Plads]]

* Photo of May Day Parade, 1957 [https://collections.tepapa.govt.nz/object/188675]

[[de:Platz des himmlischen Friedens]]

* Photo of May Day Parade, 1957 [https://collections.tepapa.govt.nz/object/188679]

[[et:Tian'anmeni väljak]]

[[es:Plaza de Tian'anmen]]

{{Dongcheng District, Beijing}}

[[eo:Placo Tian An Men]]

{{Censorship in China}}

[[fr:Place Tiananmen]]

{{Portal bar|China}}

[[gl:Praza Tian'anmen]]

{{Authority control}}{{Coord|39|54|12|N|116|23|30|E|type:landmark_region:CN-BJ|display=title}}

[[ko:톈안먼 광장]]

[[io:Tianmen-placo]]

[[idCategory:Lapangan Tiananmen Square| ]]

[[Category:1415 establishments in Asia]]

[[it:Piazza Tiananmen]]

[[Category:15th-century establishments in China]]

[[he:כיכר טיאנאנמן]]

[[Category:Dongcheng District, Beijing]]

[[la:Forum Pacis Caelestis]]

[[Category:National squares]]

[[nl:Plein van de Hemelse Vrede]]

[[Category:National symbols of the People's Republic of China]]

[[ja:天安門広場]]

[[Category:Squares in Beijing]]

[[no:Den himmelske freds plass]]

[[Category:Tourist attractions in Beijing]]

[[pl:Plac Tiananmen]]

[[pt:Praça Tiananmen]]

[[ru:Площадь Тяньаньмэнь]]

[[simple:Tiananmen Square]]

[[sl:Trg nebeškega miru]]

[[fi:Taivaallisen rauhan aukio]]

[[sv:Himmelska fridens torg]]

[[vi:Quảng trường Thiên An Môn]]

[[zh:天安门广场]]