[[File:Colcoca01.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Normal coca tree in [[Colombia]]]]
Also'''''Boliviana negra''''', also known as ''supercoca'' or ''la millionaria, '''Boliviana Negra''', is a relatively new form of [[coca]] (''Erythroxylum coca'') that is purportedly resistant to the [[herbicide]] [[Roundup]], or the isopropylamine salt of [[glyphosate]]. The coca plant is the precursorsource toof the potentially [[drug addiction|addictive]] [[stimulant]] [[cocaine]], a [[prescription drug]]<ref name="cocainecons">{{cite web |url=https://www.drugs.com/cons/cocaine-hydrochloride-topical.html|title=Cocaine hydrochloride Topical Advanced Patient Information|website=drugs.com/|publisher=[[Drugs.com]]|access-date=February 17, 2015}}</ref> and one of the most widely consumed [[illegal drugs]] in the world and the source of large amounts of money to various criminal organizations.{{clarify|date=February Since2015}}. RoundupGlyphosate is a key ingredient in the multibillion-dollar aerial [[coca eradication]] campaign undertaken by the government of [[Colombia]] with USU.S. financial and military backing known as [[Plan Colombia]], increasing popularity of Boliviana negra amongst growers could have serious repurcussions for the [[War on Drugs]].
== Herbicide resistance ==
The [[herbicide resistance]] of this strain has at least two possible explanations: that a '“[[peer to peer as a meme|peer-to-peer]]'” network of coca farmers used [[plant breeding|selective breeding]] to enhance this trait through tireless effort, or the plant was [[genetic engineering|genetically modified]] in a [[laboratory]]. In 1996, a [[biological patent|patented]] Roundup Ready or glyphosate-resistant [[soybean]] was marketed by [[Monsanto Company]], suggesting that it would be possible to genetically modify coca in an analogous manner. Spraying Boliviana negraNegra with glyphosate would serve to strengthen its growth by eliminating the non-resistant [[weed]]s surrounding it. Joshua Davis, in the ''Wired article cited below'', found no evidence of CP4 EPSPS, a protein produced by the [[Genetically modified soybean|Roundup Ready soybean]],<ref>{{cite magazine|magazine=Wired|last=Davis|first=Joshua|title=The Mystery of the Coca Plant That Wouldn't Die|url=https://www.wired.com/wired/archive/12.11/columbia.html|date=November 1, 2004}}</ref> suggesting Bolivana negraNegra was not created in a laboratory but by selective breeding in the fields.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DExN86ryRuwC |title=Evolutionary History: Uniting History and Biology to Understand Life on Earth, Edmund Russell |publisher=Cambridge University Press |accessdate=2011-03-12|isbn=978-0-521-74509-3|year=2011}}</ref>
A [[fungus|fungal]] plant pathogen, ''[[Fusarium oxysporum]]'', has been suggested as a possible successor to glyphosate, although thisboth itselfsimilarly posesare hazards to humans and other plant species.
