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→2020s: rm now-pointless historical note "but so far they have not been adopted", since we now state when they *were* adopted |
Guy Harris (talk | contribs) Use {{cite conference}} for conference papers. |
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=== 1959 ===
* The term '''32k''' is used in print to refer to a memory size of 32768 (2<sup>15</sup>).
** {{cite
== 1960s ==
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* Donald Morrison proposes to use the Greek letter kappa ("{{brown|κ}}") to denote {{val|1024}} bytes, "{{brown|κ<sup>2</sup>}}" to denote 1024 × 1024, and so on.<ref
name="Morrison">{{Cite journal |title= Letters to the editor: Abbreviations for computer and memory sizes
|first= Donald R. |last= Morrison
* [[Wallace Givens]] responded with a proposal to use "{{brown|bK}}" as an abbreviation for 1024 and "{{brown|bK2}}" or "{{brown|bK<sup>2</sup>}}" for 1024 × 1024, though he noted that neither the Greek letter nor lowercase letter "b" would be easy to reproduce on computer printers of the day.<ref name="Givens">{{Cite journal |title= Letters to the editor: proposed abbreviation for 1024: bK |first=Wallace |last=Givens
* [[Bruce Alan Martin]] of [[Brookhaven National Laboratory]] further proposed that the prefixes be abandoned altogether, and the letter B be used to indicate a base-2 exponent in [[binary scientific notation]], similar to [[E notation|E]] in [[decimal scientific notation]], to create shorthands like 3B20 for 3 × 2<sup>20</sup><ref name="Martin_1968">{{cite journal |title= Letters to the editor: On binary notation |first=Bruce Alan |last=Martin
=== 1969 ===
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** "User memory starts at 16K bytes in the minimum configuration and can be expanded to 64K bytes (65,536)."
* [[Gordon Bell]] uses the term '''megabytes''':
** {{cite
=== 1976 ===
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=== 1995 ===
* August: The [[International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry]]'s Interdivisional Committee on Nomenclature and Symbols proposed new prefixes {{brown|kibi}} (
=== 1996 ===
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=== 1997 ===
* January: Bruce Barrow endorses the [[International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry]]'s proposal for prefixes {{brown|kibi}}, {{brown|mebi}}, {{brown|gibi}},
* IEEE requires prefixes to take the standard SI meaning (e.g., {{blue|mega}} always to mean 1000<sup>2</sup>). Exceptions for binary meaning ({{brown|mega}} to mean 1024<sup>2</sup>) are permitted as an interim measure (where pointed out on a case-by-case basis) until a binary prefix could be standardised.<ref>{{cite web |title=IEC prefixes and symbols for binary multiples |website=Members.optus.net |url=http://members.optus.net/alexey/prefBin.xhtml |access-date=2016-06-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161207182048/http://members.optus.net/alexey/prefBin.xhtml |archive-date=2016-12-07 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
* FOLDOC defines the {{brown|zetta}}byte (1 {{brown|Z}}B) as 1024 {{brown|exa}}bytes (1024 {{brown|E}}B)<ref>{{cite web |title=Computing Dictionary |website=Foldoc.org |date=2013-11-04 |url=http://foldoc.org/?query=zettabyte |access-date=2016-06-23}}</ref> and the {{brown|yotta}}byte (1 {{brown|Y}}B) as 1024 {{brown|zetta}}bytes (1024 {{brown|Z}}B).<ref>{{cite web |title=Computing Dictionary |website=Foldoc.org |date=2013-11-04 |url=http://foldoc.org/?query=yottabyte |access-date=2016-06-23}}</ref>
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** "1 {{blue|M}}B (megabytes) = {{val|1,000,000}} bytes, 1 {{blue|G}}B ({{blue|giga}}bytes) = {{val|1,000,000,000}} bytes, 1 {{blue|T}}B ({{blue|tera}}bytes) = {{val|1,000,000,000,000}} bytes"
** "{{brown|Ki}}B ({{sic|{{brown|kebi}}bytes}}) = {{val|1,024}} (2<sup>10</sup> bytes), {{brown|Mi}}B ({{brown|mebi}}bytes) = {{val|1,048,576}} (2<sup>20</sup>) bytes, {{brown|Gi}}B (gibibytes) = {{val|1,073,741,824}} (2<sup>30</sup>) bytes".
* March: Kevin Klughart uses the {{brown|zebi}}byte ({{brown|Zi}}B) and {{brown|yobi}}byte ({{brown|Yi}}B) as units for maximum volume size<ref>{{cite web |title=Data storage architecture extension system and method – KLUGHART KEVIN MARK |website=Freepatentsonline.com |date=March 21, 2013 |url=http://www.freepatentsonline.com/y2013/0073747.html |access-date=2016-06-23 |last1=Mark |first1=Klughart }}</ref>
* [[PRACE]] Best Practice Guide uses IEC prefixes for net capacity (300 {{brown|Ti}}B) and throughput (2 {{brown|Gi}}B/s).<ref>{{cite web |title=Best Practice Guide – Anselm – PRACE Research Infrastructure |at=2.5 Filesystems|website=Prace-project.eu |date=2016-06-03 |url=https://prace-ri.eu/training-support/best-practice-guides/best-practice-guide-anselm/ |access-date=2022-06-29}}</ref>
* Nicla Andersson, of Sweden's National Supercomputer Centre, Sweden, refers to the NSC's Triolith as having "42.75 {{brown|Ti}}B memory" and "75 {{brown|Ti}}B/s aggregate memory BW" and to a 2018 [[DARPA]] target of "32–64 {{brown|Pi}}B memory"<ref>{{cite web |title=TSEA28, Datorteknik Y |website=Nsc.liu.se |url=https://www.nsc.liu.se/~nican/education/tsea28_2013.pdf |access-date=2016-06-23}}</ref>
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=== 2022 ===
* February: IEEE 1541 is amended to include the prefixes {{brown|zebi}} and {{brown|yobi}}.<ref>[https://standards.ieee.org/ieee/1541/6867/ IEEE 1541-2021 IEEE Standard for Prefixes for Binary Multiples]</ref>
* November: The additional decimal prefixes ''{{blue|ronna}}'' for 1000<sup>9</sup> and ''{{blue|quetta}}'' for 1000<sup>10</sup> are adopted by the [[International Bureau of Weights and Measures]] (BIPM).<ref>{{cite web |title=List of Resolutions for the 27th meeting of the General Conference on Weights and Measures |url=https://www.bipm.org/documents/20126/64811223/Resolutions-2022.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221118153958/https://www.bipm.org/documents/20126/64811223/Resolutions-2022.pdf |archive-date=2022-11-18 |url-status=dead |date=2022-11-18 |access-date=2022-11-18 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |title=How many yottabytes in a quettabyte? Extreme numbers get new names |author-last=Gibney |author-first=Elizabeth |date=2022-11-18 |journal=[[Nature (journal)|Nature]] |volume= |issue= |pages= |doi=10.1038/d41586-022-03747-9 |pmid=36400954 |s2cid=253671538 |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-022-03747-9 |access-date=2022-11-21|url-access=subscription }}</ref> Binary counterparts to ''{{blue|ronna}}'' and ''{{blue|quetta}}'' were suggested in a consultation paper of the Consultative Committee for Units (CCU) for the [[International Committee for Weights and Measures]] as ''{{brown|robi}}'' ({{brown|Ri}}, 1024<sup>9</sup>) and ''{{brown|quebi}}'' ({{brown|Qi}}, 1024<sup>10</sup>).<ref>{{cite journal |title=Reply to 'Facing a shortage of the Latin letters for the prospective new SI symbols: alternative proposal for the new SI prefixes' |author-last=Brown |author-first=Richard J. C. |date=2022-04-27 |journal={{ill|Accreditation and Quality Assurance|de}} |volume=27 |issue= 3|pages=143–144 |doi=10.1007/s00769-022-01499-7|s2cid=248397680 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |title=A further short history of the SI prefixes |journal=[[Metrologia]] |department=Letter to the editor |author-first=Richard J. C. |author-last=Brown |date=2023 |orig-date=2022-02-08, 2022-04-01, 2022-11-24 |volume=60 |issue=1 |page=013001 |publisher=[[BIPM]] & [[IOP Publishing Ltd]] |id=013001 |doi=10.1088/1681-7575/ac6afd |bibcode=2023Metro..60a3001B |s2cid=253966045 |doi-access=free }} (1+4 pages)</ref>
=== 2025 ===
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