Cosmological lithium problem: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 03:25, 23 February 2025

Latest revision as of 05:53, 7 April 2025

(One intermediate revision by one other user not shown)

Line 109:

Firstly, incorrect or missing reactions could give rise to the lithium problem. For incorrect reactions, major thoughts lie within revision to [[cross section (physics)|cross section]] errors and standard thermonuclear rates according to recent studies.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Angulo|first1=C.|last2=Casarejos|first2=E.|last3=Couder|first3=M.|last4=Demaret|first4=P.|last5=Leleux|first5=P.|last6=Vanderbist|first6=F.|last7=Coc|first7=A.|last8=Kiener|first8=J.|last9=Tatischeff|first9=V.|last10=Davinson|first10=T.|last11=Murphy|first11=A. S.|date=September 2005|title=The 7Be(d,p)2α Cross Section at Big Bang Energies and the Primordial 7Li Abundance|journal=Astrophysical Journal Letters|language=en|volume=630|issue=2|pages=L105–L108|doi=10.1086/491732|arxiv=astro-ph/0508454 |bibcode=2005ApJ...630L.105A |issn=0004-637X|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Boyd|first1=Richard N.|last2=Brune|first2=Carl R.|last3=Fuller|first3=George M.|last4=Smith|first4=Christel J.|date=November 2010|title=New nuclear physics for big bang nucleosynthesis|url=https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010PhRvD..82j5005B/abstract|journal=Physical Review D |language=en|volume=82|issue=10|pages=105005|doi=10.1103/PhysRevD.82.105005|issn=1550-7998|arxiv=1008.0848|bibcode=2010PhRvD..82j5005B |s2cid=119265813 }}</ref>

Second, starting from [[Fred Hoyle]]'s discovery of a [[Resonance (particle physics)|resonance]] in [[carbon-12]], an important factor in the [[triple-alpha process]], resonance reactions, some of which might have evaded experimental detection or whose effects have been underestimated, become possible solutions to the lithium problem.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Hammache|first1=F.|last2=Coc|first2=A.|last3=de Séréville|first3=N.|last4=Stefan|first4=I.|last5=Roussel|first5=P.|last6=Ancelin|first6=S.|last7=Assié|first7=M.|last8=Audouin|first8=L.|last9=Beaumel|first9=D.|last10=Franchoo|first10=S.|last11=Fernandez-Dominguez|first11=B.|date=December 2013|title=Search for new resonant states in 10C and 11C and their impact on the cosmological lithium problem|url=https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013PhRvC..88f2802H/abstract|journal=Physical Review C|language=en|volume=88|issue=6|pages=062802|doi=10.1103/PhysRevC.88.062802|issn=0556-2813|arxiv=1312.0894|bibcode=2013PhRvC..88f2802H |s2cid=119110688 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=O'Malley|first1=P. D.|last2=Bardayan|first2=D. W.|last3=Adekola|first3=A. S.|last4=Ahn|first4=S.|last5=Chae|first5=K. Y.|last6=Cizewski|first6=J. A.|author6-link= Jolie Cizewski |last7=Graves|first7=S.|last8=Howard|first8=M. E.|last9=Jones|first9=K. L.|last10=Kozub|first10=R. L.|last11=Lindhardt|first11=L.|date=October 2011|title=Search for a resonant enhancement of the 7Be + d reaction and primordial 7Li abundances|url=https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011PhRvC..84d2801O/abstract|journal=Physical Review C|language=en|volume=84|issue=4|pages=042801|doi=10.1103/PhysRevC.84.042801|bibcode=2011PhRvC..84d2801O |issn=0556-2813}}</ref> These include:

{| border="0"

|- style="height:2em;"

|{{nuclide|link=yes|beryllium|7}}&nbsp;||+&nbsp;||{{nuclide|link=yes|hydrogen|2}}&nbsp;||→&nbsp;||{{nuclide|link=yes|boron|9}}&nbsp;*

|- style="height:2em;"

|{{nuclide|link=yes|beryllium|7}}&nbsp;||+&nbsp;||{{nuclide|link=yes|hydrogen|3}}&nbsp;||→&nbsp;||{{nuclide|link=yes|boron|10}}&nbsp;*

|-

|{{nuclide|link=yes|beryllium|7}}&nbsp;

| +&nbsp;

|{{nuclide|link=yes|helium|3}}&nbsp;

|→&nbsp;

|{{nuclide|link=yes|carbon|10}}&nbsp;*

|}Experimental and theoretical analyses rule out the first and third reactions.<ref name="o946">{{cite journal |last=Cyburt |first=Richard H. |last2=Fields |first2=Brian D. |last3=Olive |first3=Keith A. |last4=Yeh |first4=Tsung-Han |date=2016-02-23 |title=Big bang nucleosynthesis: Present status |url=https://link.aps.org/accepted/10.1103/RevModPhys.88.015004 |journal=Reviews of Modern Physics |volume=88 |issue=1 |page= |doi=10.1103/RevModPhys.88.015004 |issn=0034-6861 |access-date=2025-03-30 |doi-access=free|arxiv=1505.01076 }}</ref>

''[[BBC Science Focus]]'' wrote in 2023 that "recent research seems to completely discount" such theories; the magazine held that mainstream lithium nucleosynthesis calculations are probably correct.<ref name=BBC2023>{{cite news |url=https://www.sciencefocus.com/science/lithium-shortage-universe/ |title=The lithium problem: Why the element keeps disappearing |work=BBC Science Focus Magazine |date=16 June 2023 |author=Alastair Gunn |access-date=17 June 2023}}</ref>