Human Development Index: Difference between revisions

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{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2021}}

[[File:HDI2022IncrimentalHDI2023Incrimental2.svg|thumb|World map of countries andor territories by HDI scores in increments of 0.050 (based on 20222023 data, published in 20242025) {{legend-col|thumb size = wide|{{Legend|#001a00|≥ 0.950}}|{{Legend|#003c00|0.900–0.950}}|{{Legend|#007f00|0.850–0.899}}|{{Legend|#00c400|0.800–0.849}}|{{Legend|#7cff3600f900|0.750–0.799}}|{{Legend|#d3ff00|0.700–0.749}}|{{Legend|#ffe100ffee00|0.650–0.699}}|{{Legend|#ffc415ffd215|0.600–0.649}}|{{Legend|#ffa83c|0.550–0.599}}|{{Legend|#ff852f|0.500–0.549}}|{{Legend|#ff5b00|0.450–0.499}}|{{Legend|#ff0000|0.400–0.449}}|{{Legend|#a70000|≤ 0.399}}|{{Legend|#C0C0C0|Data unavailable}}}}|alt=World map of Countries scored by HDI|400x400px300x300px]]

The '''Human Development Index''' ('''HDI''') is a statistical composite index of [[life expectancy]], [[Education Index|education]] (mean years of schooling completed and expected years of schooling upon entering the [[education system]]), and [[per capita income]] indicators, which is used to rank countries into four tiers of [[Human development (humanity)|human development]]. A country scores a higher level of HDI when the [[life expectancy at birth|lifespan]] is higher, the [[education]] level is higher, and the gross national income [[GNI (PPP) per capita]] is higher. It was developed by Pakistani economist [[Mahbub ul-Haq]] and was further used to measure a country's development by the [[United Nations Development Programme]] (UNDP)'s Human Development Report Office.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=A. Stanton|first=Elizabeth|date=February 2007|title=The Human Development Index: A History|url=https://scholarworks.umass.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1101&context=peri_workingpapers |publisher=ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst |journal=PERI Working Papers|pages=14–15|access-date=28 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190228191918/https://scholarworks.umass.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1101&context=peri_workingpapers|archive-date=28 February 2019|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Human Development Index|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/definition/human-development-index|website=Definition of 'Human Development Index' |access-date=29 November 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201030929/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/definition/human-development-index|archive-date=1 December 2017|url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="auto">{{cite web|title=About Human Development |url=http://hdr.undp.org/en/humandev/|publisher=UNDP|access-date=29 July 2011|website=HDR |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120415134936/http://hdr.undp.org/en/humandev/|archive-date=15 April 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Human development index |url=https://www.who.int/data/nutrition/nlis/info/human-development-index |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220103061653/https://www.who.int/data/nutrition/nlis/info/human-development-index |archive-date=2022-01-03 |access-date=2024-06-26 |website=World Health Organization}}</ref>

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{{Break}}

== 20222023 Human Development Index (20242025 report) ==

{{mainMain|List of countries by Human Development Index}}

{{seeSee also|List of countries by inequality-adjusted Human Development Index}}

[[File:Average annual HDI growth from 2010 to 20212023 published in 20222025.pngsvg|alt=World map|thumb|upright=1.8|Average annual HDI growth from 2010 to 20212023 (published in 20222025){{legend-col

|thumb size=wide

|{{Legend|#00112B|≥ 1.4%}}

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|{{Legend|#e3dbdb|No data}}

}}]]

The Human Development Report 2023/242025 by the [[United Nations Development Programme]] was released on 136 MarchMay 20242025; the report calculates HDI values based on data collected in 20222023.

Ranked from 1 to 6974 in the year 20222023, the following countries are considered to be ofhave "very high human development":<ref name="2022 componentscomponents3">{{cite book |url=https://hdr.undp.org/content/human-development-report-2023-242025 |title=Human Development Report 20232025 -24: BreakingA thematter of gridlockchoice: ReimaginingPeople cooperationand possibilities in athe polarizedage of worldAI |date=136 MarchMay 20242025 |publisher=United Nations Development Programme |isbn= |publication-date=6 May 2025 |pages= |access-date=166 MarchMay 20242025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250506064128/https://hdr.undp.org/content/human-development-report-2025 |archive-date=6 May 2025}}</ref>

{|class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center"

|+ {{sronly|Table of countries by HDI}}

<!-- Very High, High, Medium & Low HDI labels should not be added due to accessibility and sorting issues, mainly [[WP:DTAB]]. See also [[Talk:List of countries by Human Development Index#Very High, High, Medium & Low HDI labels]] for more details. -->
|-

!scope="colgroup"; colspan="2"; | Rank

!scope="col" rowspan="2" style="width:14em; "| NationCountry or territory

!scope="colgroup" colspan="2";| HDI

|-

!scope="col" style="width:5em;" data-sort-type="number"| 20222023 data (20242025 report){{Zero width space}}

!scope="col" style="width:5em;" data-sort-type="number"| Change since 2015{{Zero width space}}

!scope="col" style="width:5em;" data-sort-type="number"| 2023 data (2025 report){{Zero width space}}<ref name="2022 components32">{{cite book |url=https://hdr.undp.org/content/human-development-report-2025 |title=Human Development Report 2025 - A matter of choice: People and possibilities in the age of AI |date=6 May 2025 |publisher=United Nations Development Programme |isbn= |publication-date=6 May 2025 |pages= |access-date=6 May 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250506064128/https://hdr.undp.org/content/human-development-report-2025 |archive-date=6 May 2025}}</ref>

!scope="col" style="width:5em;" data-sort-type="number"| 2022 data (2024 report){{Zero width space}}<ref name="2022 components" />

!scope="col" style="width:5em;" data-sort-type="number"| Average annual growth (2010–20222010–2023){{Zero width space}}

|-

| {{sort|0.962|1}} || {{sort|02|{{steadyincrease}} (2)}}

! style="text-align:left" scope="row" | {{flag|SwitzerlandIceland}}

|| 0.967 972|| {{sort|0.2428|{{increase}} 0.2428%}}

|-

| {{sort|0.961|rowspan="2}}" | 2|| {{sort|-1|{{decrease}} (1)}}

! style="text-align:left" scope="row" | {{flag|Norway}}

| rowspan="2" | 0.966 970|| {{sort|0.25|{{increase}} 0.25%}}

|-

| {{sort|0.959|3}} || {{sort|0|{{steady}}}}

! style="text-align:left" scope="row" | {{flag|IcelandSwitzerland}}

|| 0.959 || {{sort|0.2824|{{increase}} 0.2824%}}

|-

| {{sort|0.952|4}} || {{sort|2|{{increase}} (2)}}

! style="text-align:left" scope="row" | {{flag|Hong Kong}}

|| 0.956 || {{sort|0.38|{{increase}} 0.38%}}

|-

| rowspan="2" | {{sort|0.951|5}} 4|| {{sort|12|{{increase}} (12)}}

! style="text-align:left" scope="row" | {{flag|Denmark}}

| rowspan="2"| 0.952 962|| {{sort|0.35|{{increase}} 0.35%}}

|-

| rowspan="2" |5

| {{sort|-1|{{decrease}} (1)}}

! style="text-align:left" scope="row" | {{flag|Germany}}

| rowspan="2" |0.959

| {{sort|0.19|{{increase}} 0.19%}}

|-

| {{sort|0|{{steady}}}}

Line 166 ⟶ 169:

| {{sort|0.38|{{increase}} 0.38%}}

|-

|7

| rowspan="2" | {{sort|0.947|7}} || {{sort|8|{{increase}} (8)}}

| {{sort|1|{{increase}} (1)}}

! style="text-align:left" scope="row" | {{flag|Ireland}}

! style="text-align:left" scope="row" | {{flag|Australia}}

| rowspan="2" |0.950|| {{sort|0.38|{{increase}} 0.38%}}

|0.958

|-

| {{sort|-30.20|{{decreaseincrease}} (3)0.20%}}

! style="text-align:left" scope="row" | {{flag|Germany}}

| {{sort|0.19|{{increase}} 0.19%}}

|-

| {{sort|0.942|9}} || {{sort|-1|{{decrease}} (1)}}

! style="text-align:left" scope="row" | {{flag|Singapore}}

|| 0.949 || {{sort|0.25|{{increase}} 0.25%}}

|-

| rowspan="2" | {{sort|0.941|10}} 8|| {{sort|12|{{increase}} (12)}}

! style="text-align:left" scope="row" | {{flag|Netherlands}}

| rowspan="2" | 0.946 955|| {{sort|0.26|{{increase}} 0.26%}}

|-

| {{sort|-1|{{decrease}} (1)}}

! style="text-align:left" scope="row" | {{flag|AustraliaHong Kong}}

| {{sort|0.2038|{{increase}} 0.2038%}}

|-

| rowspan="3" | {{sort|0.939|12}} || {{sort|2|{{increase}} (2)}}

! style="text-align:left" scope="row" | {{flag|Liechtenstein}}

| rowspan="3"| 0.942 || {{sort|0.23|{{increase}} 0.23%}}

|-

|10

| {{sort|3|{{increase}} (3)}}

! style="text-align:left" scope="row" | {{flag|Belgium}}

|0.951

| {{sort|0.26|{{increase}} 0.26%}}

|-

| 11|| {{sort|04|{{steadyincrease}} (4)}}

! style="text-align:left" scope="row" | {{flag|Ireland}}

| 0.949|| {{sort|0.38|{{increase}} 0.38%}}

|-

|12

| {{sort|-4|{{decrease}} (4)}}

! style="text-align:left" scope="row" | {{flag|Finland}}

|0.948

| {{sort|0.27|{{increase}} 0.27%}}

|-

| {{sortrowspan="2" |0.936|15}} 13|| {{sort|3-2|{{increasedecrease}} (32)}}

! style="text-align:left" scope="row" | {{flag|Singapore}}

| rowspan="2" | 0.946|| {{sort|0.25|{{increase}} 0.25%}}

|-

| {{sort|2|{{increase}} (2)}}

! style="text-align:left" scope="row" | {{flag|United Kingdom}}

|| 0.940 || {{sort|0.24|{{increase}} 0.24%}}

|-

| {{sort|0.935|16}} 15|| {{sort|-727|{{decreaseincrease}} (727)}}

! style="text-align:left" scope="row" | {{flag|New Zealand}}

|| 0.939 || {{sort|0.13|{{increase}} 0.13%}}

|-

| {{sort|0.930|17}} || {{sort|19|{{increase}} (19)}}

! style="text-align:left" scope="row" | {{flag|United Arab Emirates}}

|| 0.937 940|| {{sort|1.04|{{increase}} 1.04%}}

|-

| {{sort|0.929|18}} 16|| {{sort|-52|{{decrease}} (52)}}

! style="text-align:left" scope="row" | {{flag|Canada}}

|| 0.935 939|| {{sort|0.22|{{increase}} 0.22%}}

|-

| {{sortrowspan="3" |0.925|19}} 17|| {{sort|31|{{increase}} (31)}}

! style="text-align:left" scope="row" | {{flag|South KoreaLiechtenstein}}

| rowspan="3" | 0.929 938|| {{sort|0.3623|{{increase}} 0.3623%}}

|-

| rowspan="2" |20

| {{sort|-5|{{decrease}} (5)}}

! style="text-align:left" scope="row" | {{flag|New Zealand}}

| {{sort|0.13|{{increase}} 0.13%}}

|-

| {{sort|0|{{steady}}}}

! style="text-align:left" scope="row" | {{flag|United States}}

| rowspan="2" |0.927

| {{sort|0.10|{{increase}} 0.10%}}

|-

| 20|| {{sort|-1|{{decreaseincrease}} (1)}}

! style="text-align:left" scope="row" | {{flag|LuxembourgSouth Korea}}

| 0.937|| {{sort|0.1436|{{increase}} 0.1436%}}

|-

| rowspan="2" | {{sort|0.919|22}} 21|| {{sort|12|{{increase}} (12)}}

! style="text-align:left" scope="row" | {{flag|Slovenia}}

| rowspan="2"| 0.926 931|| {{sort|0.33|{{increase}} 0.33%}}

|-

|22

| {{sort|-1|{{decrease}} (1)}}

| {{sort|-3|{{decrease}} (3)}}

! style="text-align:left" scope="row" | {{flag|Austria}}

|0.930

| {{sort|0.21|{{increase}} 0.21%}}

|-

|2423

| {{sort|-43|{{decrease}} (43)}}

! style="text-align:left" scope="row" | {{flag|Japan}}

|0.920925

| {{sort|0.16|{{increase}} 0.16%}}

|-

|24

| rowspan="2" | {{sort|0.916|25}} || {{sort|-1|{{decrease}} (1)}}

| {{sort|5|{{increase}} (5)}}

! style="text-align:left" scope="row" | {{flag|Israel}}

| rowspan="2"| 0.915 || {{sort|0.26|{{increase}} 0.26%}}

|-

| {{sort|3|{{increase}} (3)}}

! style="text-align:left" scope="row" | {{flag|Malta}}

|0.924

| {{sort|0.50|{{increase}} 0.50%}}

|-

|25

| {{sort|0.905|27}} || {{sort|0|{{steady}}}}

| {{sort|-3|{{decrease}} (3)}}

! style="text-align:left" scope="row" | {{flag|Spain}}

! style="text-align:left" scope="row" | {{flag|Luxembourg}}

|| 0.911 || {{sort|0.40|{{increase}} 0.40%}}

|0.922

| {{sort|0.14|{{increase}} 0.14%}}

|-

| {{sort|0.903|28}} 26|| {{sort|-31|{{decrease}} (31)}}

! style="text-align:left" scope="row" | {{flag|France}}

|| 0.910 920|| {{sort|0.28|{{increase}} 0.28%}}

|-

| {{sort|0.896|29}} 27|| {{sort|-3|{{increasedecrease}} (3)}}

! style="text-align:left" scope="row" | {{flag|CyprusIsrael}}

|| 0.907 919|| {{sort|0.4526|{{increase}} 0.4526%}}

|-

| {{sort|0.895|30}} 28|| {{sort|0|{{steady}}}}

! style="text-align:left" scope="row" | {{flag|ItalySpain}}

|| 0.906 918|| {{sort|0.2440|{{increase}} 0.2440%}}

|-

| {{sort|0.890|31}} || {{sort|-2|{{decrease}} (2)}}

! style="text-align:left" scope="row" | {{flag|Estonia}}

|| 0.899 || {{sort|0.33|{{increase}} 0.33%}}

|-

| {{sortrowspan="3" |0.889|32}} 29|| {{sort|-63|{{decrease}} (63)}}

! style="text-align:left" scope="row" | {{flag|Czechia}}

| rowspan="3" | 0.895 915|| {{sort|0.22|{{increase}} 0.22%}}

|-

| {{sort|0.887|33}} || {{sort|-31|{{decreaseincrease}} (31)}}

! style="text-align:left" scope="row" | {{flag|GreeceItaly}}

|| 0.893 || {{sort|0.1824|{{increase}} 0.1824%}}

|-

| {{sort|0.876|34}} || {{sort|3-2|{{increasedecrease}} (32)}}

! style="text-align:left" scope="row" | {{flag|BahrainSan Marino}}

|| 0.888 || {{sort|-0.8032|{{increasedecrease}} 0.8032%}}

|-

| {{sortrowspan="2" |0.875|35}} 32|| {{sort|31|{{increase}} (31)}}

! style="text-align:left" scope="row" | {{flag|Andorra}}

| rowspan="2" | 0.884 913|| {{sort|0.20|{{increase}} 0.20%}}

|-

| {{sort|3|{{increase}} (3)}}

|36

! style="text-align:left" scope="row" | {{flag|Cyprus}}

| {{sort|-2|{{decrease}} (2)}}

| {{sort|0.45|{{increase}} 0.45%}}

|-

| 34|| {{sort|-3|{{decrease}} (3)}}

! style="text-align:left" scope="row" | {{flag|Greece}}

| 0.908|| {{sort|0.18|{{increase}} 0.18%}}

|-

|35

| {{sort|-1|{{decrease}} (1)}}

! style="text-align:left" scope="row" | {{flag|Poland}}

|0.881906

| {{sort|0.35|{{increase}} 0.35%}}

|-

| 36|| {{sort|-5|{{decrease}} (5)}}

| rowspan="2" |37

! style="text-align:left" scope="row" | {{flag|Estonia}}

| {{sort|2|{{increase}} (2)}}

| 0.905|| {{sort|0.33|{{increase}} 0.33%}}

! style="text-align:left" scope="row" | {{flag|Latvia}}

| rowspan="2" |0.879

| {{sort|0.51|{{increase}} 0.51%}}

|-

|37

| {{sort|-2|{{decrease}} (2)}}

| {{sort|9|{{increase}} (9)}}

! style="text-align:left" scope="row" | {{flag|Saudi Arabia}}

|0.900

| {{sort|0.70|{{increase}} 0.70%}}

|-

| 38|| {{sort|-1|{{decrease}} (1)}}

! style="text-align:left" scope="row" | {{flag|Bahrain}}

| 0.899|| {{sort|0.80|{{increase}} 0.80%}}

|-

|39

| {{sort|-4|{{decrease}} (4)}}

! style="text-align:left" scope="row" | {{flag|Lithuania}}

|0.895

| {{sort|0.32|{{increase}} 0.32%}}

|-

| {{sort|0.863|39}} 40|| {{sort|62|{{increase}} (62)}}

! style="text-align:left" scope="row" | {{flag|Croatia}}

|| 0.878 || {{sort|0.53|{{increase}} 0.53%}}

|-

| rowspan="2" | {{sort|0.858|40}} || {{sort|0|{{steady}}}}

! style="text-align:left" scope="row" | {{flag|Qatar}}

| rowspan="2"| 0.875 || {{sort|0.45|{{increase}} 0.45%}}

|-

| {{sort|6|{{increase}} (6)}}

! style="text-align:left" scope="row" | {{flag|Saudi Arabia}}

| {{sort|0.70|{{increase}} 0.70%}}

|-

| 42 || {{sort|0|{{steady}}}}

! style="text-align:left" scope="row" | {{flag|Portugal}}

| 0.874 890|| {{sort|0.42|{{increase}} 0.42%}}

|-

| rowspan="2" | 41|| {{sort|-1|{{decrease}} (1)}}

|43

! style="text-align:left" scope="row" | {{flag|Croatia}}

| {{sort|-10|{{decrease}} (10)}}

| rowspan="2" | 0.889|| {{sort|0.53|{{increase}} 0.53%}}

! style="text-align:left" scope="row" | {{flag|San Marino}}

|0.867

| {{sort|-0.32|{{decrease}} 0.32%}}

|-

| {{sort|0.8534|44}} || {{sort|0|{{steadyincrease}} (4)}}

! style="text-align:left" scope="row" | {{flag|ChileLatvia}}

|| 0.860 || {{sort|0.4751|{{increase}} 0.4751%}}

|-

| rowspan="2" | {{sort|0.848|45}} 43|| {{sort|9-4|{{increasedecrease}} (94)}}

! style="text-align:left" scope="row" | {{flag|TurkeyQatar}}

| rowspan="2"| 0.855 886|| {{sort|10.1045|{{increase}} 10.1045%}}

|-

|44

| {{sort|-5|{{decrease}} (5)}}

| {{sort|-6|{{decrease}} (6)}}

! style="text-align:left" scope="row" | {{flag|Slovakia}}

|0.880

| {{sort|0.14|{{increase}} 0.14%}}

|-

| {{sort|0.842|47}} 45|| {{sort|0-1|{{steadydecrease}} (1)}}

! style="text-align:left" scope="row" | {{flag|Chile}}

| 0.878|| {{sort|0.47|{{increase}} 0.47%}}

|-

| 46|| {{sort|1|{{increase}} (1)}}

! style="text-align:left" scope="row" | {{flag|Hungary}}

|| 0.851 870|| {{sort|0.22|{{increase}} 0.22%}}

|-

| {{sort|0.838|48}} 47|| {{sort|-67|{{decrease}} (67)}}

! style="text-align:left" scope="row" | {{flag|Argentina}}

|| 0.849 865|| {{sort|0.15|{{increase}} 0.15%}}

|-

| {{sort|0.832rowspan="2" |49}} 48|| {{sort|0|{{steady}}}}

! style="text-align:left" scope="row" | {{flag|Kuwait}}

|| 0.847 || {{sort|0.36|{{increase}} 0.36%}}

|-

| {{sort|0.831|50}} || {{sort|1|{{increase}} (1)}}

! style="text-align:left" scope="row" | {{flag|Montenegro}}

| rowspan="2" | 0.844 862|| {{sort|0.38|{{increase}} 0.38%}}

|-

| {{sort|0.829|51}} || {{sort|-2|{{decrease}} (2)}}

! style="text-align:left" scope="row" | {{flag|Saint Kitts and Nevis}}

|| 0.838 || {{sort|0.49|{{increase}} 0.49%}}

|-

| {{sort|0.822|52}} || {{sort|813|{{increase}} (813)}}

! style="text-align:left" scope="row" | {{flag|Uruguay}}

|| 0.830 || {{sort|0.47|{{increase}} 0.47%}}

|-

|50

| {{sort|0.821|53}} || {{sort|3|{{increase}} (3)}}

| {{sort|1|{{increase}} (1)}}

! style="text-align:left" scope="row" | {{flag|Romania}}

! style="text-align:left" scope="row" | {{flag|Oman}}

|| 0.827 || {{sort|0.14|{{increase}} 0.14%}}

|0.858

| {{sort|0.22|{{increase}} 0.22%}}

|-

| {{sort|0.816|54}} 51|| {{sort|17|{{increase}} (17)}}

! style="text-align:left" scope="row" | {{flag|Antigua and BarbudaTurkey}}

|| 0.826 853|| {{sort|01.1810|{{increase}} 01.1810%}}

|-

| {{sort|0.812|55}} 52|| {{sort|-71|{{decreaseincrease}} (71)}}

! style="text-align:left" scope="row" | {{flag|BruneiKuwait}}

|| 0.823 852|| {{sort|-0.0236|{{decreaseincrease}} 0.0236%}}

|-

| {{sort|0.811|56}} 53|| {{sort|-35|{{decrease}} (35)}}

! style="text-align:left" scope="row" | {{flag|RussiaAntigua and Barbuda}}

|| 0.821 851|| {{sort|0.2518|{{increase}} 0.2518%}}

|-

|54

| rowspan="2" | {{sort|0.810|57}} || {{sort|3|{{increase}} (3)}}

|{{sort|5|{{increase}} (5)}}

! style="text-align:left" scope="row" | {{flag|Bahamas}}

! style="text-align:left" scope="row" | {{flag|Seychelles}}

| rowspan="2"| 0.820 || {{sort|0.21|{{increase}} 0.21%}}

|0.848

|{{sort|0.30|{{increase}} 0.30%}}

|-

| rowspan="2" |55

| {{sort|5|{{increase}} (5)}}

|{{sort|1|{{increase}} (1)}}

! style="text-align:left" scope="row" | {{flag|Panama}}

! style="text-align:left" scope="row" | {{flag|Bulgaria}}

| {{sort|0.47|{{increase}} 0.47%}}

| rowspan="2" |0.845

|{{sort|0.09|{{increase}} 0.09%}}

|-

| {{sort|2|{{increase}} (2)}}

|59

! style="text-align:left" scope="row" | {{flag|Romania}}

| {{sort|-7|{{decrease}} (7)}}

| {{sort|0.14|{{increase}} 0.14%}}

! style="text-align:left" scope="row" | {{flag|Oman}}

|0.819

| {{sort|0.22|{{increase}} 0.22%}}

|-

|57

| rowspan="2" | {{sort|0.808|60}} || {{sort|-3|{{decrease}} (3)}}

| {{sort|6|{{increase}} (6)}}

! style="text-align:left" scope="row" | {{flag|Trinidad and Tobago}}

| rowspan="2"| 0.814 || {{sort|0.30|{{increase}} 0.30%}}

|-

| {{sort|4|{{increase}} (4)}}

! style="text-align:left" scope="row" | {{flag|Georgia}}

|0.844

| {{sort|0.54|{{increase}} 0.54%}}

|-

| {{sort|0.803|62}} 58|| {{sort|2-4|{{increasedecrease}} (24)}}

! style="text-align:left" scope="row" | {{flag|BarbadosSaint Kitts and Nevis}}

|| 0.809 840|| {{sort|0.1849|{{increase}} 0.1849%}}

|-

|59

| {{sort|0.802|63}} || {{sort|6|{{increase}} (6)}}

| {{sort|6|{{increase}} (6)}}

! style="text-align:left" scope="row" | {{flag|Malaysia}}

! style="text-align:left" scope="row" | {{flag|Panama}}

| 0.807 || {{sort|0.41|{{increase}} 0.41%}}

|0.839

| {{sort|0.47|{{increase}} 0.47%}}

|-

| rowspan="2" | 60|| {{sort|-12|{{decrease}} (12)}}

|64

! style="text-align:left" scope="row" | {{flag|Brunei}}

| {{sort|5|{{increase}} (5)}}

| rowspan="2" | 0.837|| {{sort|+0.13|{{increase}} 0.13%}}

|-

|{{sort|-1|{{decrease}} (1)}}

! style="text-align:left" scope="row" | {{flag|Kazakhstan}}

|{{sort|0.38|{{increase}} 0.38%}}

|-

| rowspan="2" |62

| {{sort|3|{{increase}} (3)}}

! style="text-align:left" scope="row" | {{flag|Costa Rica}}

| rowspan="2" |0.833

|0.806

| {{sort|0.39|{{increase}} 0.39%}}

|-

| {{sort|5|{{increase}} (5)}}

|65

| {{sort|3|{{increase}} (3)}}

! style="text-align:left" scope="row" | {{flag|Serbia}}

|0.805

| {{sort|0.39|{{increase}} 0.39%}}

|-

| {{sort|0.800|66}} 64|| {{sort|6-12|{{increasedecrease}} (612)}}

! style="text-align:left" scope="row" | {{flag|ThailandRussia}}

|| 0.803 832|| {{sort|0.6525|{{increase}} 0.6525%}}

|-

|65

| rowspan="2" |67

|{{sort|-110|{{decrease}} (110)}}

! style="text-align:left" scope="row" | {{flag|Seychelles}}

| rowspan="2" |0.802

|{{sort|0.30|{{increase}} 0.30%}}

|-

|{{sort|-4|{{decrease}} (4)}}

! style="text-align:left" scope="row" | {{flag|Kazakhstan}}

|{{sort|0.38|{{increase}} 0.38%}}

|-

|69

|{{sort|-11|{{decrease}} (11)}}

! style="text-align:left" scope="row" | {{flag|Belarus}}

|0.801824

|{{sort|0.12|{{increase}} 0.12%}}

|-

| 66|| {{sort|-3|{{decrease}} (3)}}

! style="text-align:left" scope="row" | {{flag|Bahamas}}

| 0.820|| {{sort|0.21|{{increase}} 0.21%}}

|-

| 67|| {{sort|2|{{increase}} (2)}}

! style="text-align:left" scope="row" | {{flag|Malaysia}}

| 0.819|| {{sort|0.41|{{increase}} 0.41%}}

|-

|68

|{{sort|4|{{increase}} (4)}}

! style="text-align:left" scope="row" | {{flag|North Macedonia}}

|0.815

|{{sort|0.21|{{increase}} 0.21%}}

|-

| rowspan="2" | 69|| {{sort|9|{{increase}} (9)}}

! style="text-align:left" scope="row" | {{flag|Barbados}}

| rowspan="2" | 0.811|| {{sort|0.18|{{increase}} 0.18%}}

|-

|{{sort|0|{{steady}}}}

! style="text-align:left" scope="row" | {{flag|Armenia}}

|{{sort|0.52|{{increase}} 0.52%}}

|-

|71

|{{sort|0|{{steady}}}}

! style="text-align:left" scope="row" | {{flag|Albania}}

|0.810

|{{sort|0.25|{{increase}} 0.25%}}

|-

| 72|| {{sort|-10|{{decrease}} (10)}}

! style="text-align:left" scope="row" | {{flag|Trinidad and Tobago}}

| 0.807|| {{sort|0.30|{{increase}} 0.30%}}

|-

| 73|| {{sort|0|{{steady}}}}

! style="text-align:left" scope="row" | {{flag|Mauritius}}

| 0.806|| {{sort|0.44|{{increase}} 0.44%}}

|-

|74

|{{sort|7|{{increase}} (7)}}

! style="text-align:left" scope="row" | {{flag|Bosnia and Herzegovina}}

|0.804

|{{sort|0.68|{{increase}} 0.68%}}

|}

== Past top countries ==

The list below displays the top-ranked country from each year of the Human Development Index. Norway has been ranked the highest sixteen times, Canada eight times, andIceland Switzerland,three Japantimes, and IcelandSwitzerland haveand eachJapan ranked2 twicetimes each.

=== In each original HDI ===

The year represents the time period from which the statistics for the index were derived. In parentheses is the year when the report was published.

{{columns-list|colwidth=25em|* 20222023 (20242025): {{Flagcountry|SwitzerlandIceland}}

* 2022 (2024): {{Flagcountry|Switzerland}}

* 2021 (2022): {{Flagcountry|Switzerland}}

* 2019 (2020): {{Flagcountry|Norway}}

Line 489 ⟶ 535:

* [[List of Argentine provinces by Human Development Index|Argentine provinces]]

* [[List of Armenian provinces by Human Development Index|Armenian provinces]]

* [[List of Australian states and territories by Human Development Index|Australian states and territories]]

* [[List of Austrian states by Human Development Index|Austrian states]]

* [[List of regions of Azerbaijan by Human Development Index|Azerbaijani regions]]

Line 534 ⟶ 580:

* [[List of regions of Palestine by Human Development Index|Palestinian regions]]

* [[List of Polish voivodeships by Human Development Index|Polish voivodeships]]

* [[List of Portuguese regions by Human Development Index|Portuguese Regions]]

* [[List of Romanian regions by Human Development Index|Romanian regions]]

* [[List of federal subjects of Russia by Human Development Index|Russian federal subjects]]

Line 556 ⟶ 603:

The Human Development Index has been criticized on a number of grounds, including focusing exclusively on national performance and ranking, lack of attention to development from a global perspective, measurement error of the underlying statistics, and on the UNDP's changes in formula which can lead to severe misclassification of "low", "medium", "high" or "very high" human development countries.<ref name="Wolff et al. 2011">{{cite journal |last1=Wolff |first1=Hendrik |last2=Chong |first2=Howard |last3=Auffhammer |first3=Maximilian |year=2011 |title=Classification, Detection and Consequences of Data Error: Evidence from the Human Development Index |journal=Economic Journal |volume=121 |issue=553 |pages=843–870 |doi=10.1111/j.1468-0297.2010.02408.x |s2cid=18069132 |url=https://scholarship.sha.cornell.edu/articles/338 |hdl=1813/71597 |hdl-access=free |access-date=13 July 2019 |archive-date=8 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200808041651/https://scholarship.sha.cornell.edu/articles/338/ |url-status=live |issn=0013-0133}}</ref>

There have also been various criticism towards the lack of consideration regarding sustainability<ref>{{Cite journal |last=WWF |first=WWF |title=Living Planet Report 2014 |url=http://assets.worldwildlife.org/publications/723/files/original/WWF-LPR2014-low_res.pdf?1413912230 |journal=[[Living Planet Report]] |volume=2014 |pages=60–62}}</ref> (which later got addressed by the [[planetary pressures-adjusted HDI]]), social inequality<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Harttgen |first1=Kenneth |last2=Klasen |first2=Stephan |date=2012-05-01 |title=A Household-Based Human Development Index |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0305750X11002336 |journal=World Development |volume=40 |issue=5 |pages=878–899 |doi=10.1016/j.worlddev.2011.09.011 |issn=0305-750X|hdl=10419/37505 |hdl-access=free |url-access=subscription }}</ref> (which got addressed by the [[inequality-adjusted HDI]]), [[unemployment]]<ref name="b208"/> or [[democracy]].<ref name="b208">{{cite journal | last=Leiwakabessy | first=Erly | last2=Amaluddin | first2=Amaluddin | title=A Modified Human Development Index, Democracy And Economic Growth In Indonesia | journal=Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews | volume=8 | issue=2 | date=2 May 2020 | issn=2395-6518 | doi=10.18510/hssr.2020.8282 | pages=732–743| doi-access=free }}</ref>

The removal of [[literacy]] from HDI has been criticized because [[educational attainment]] evaluates only the quantity of education but not the quality or the outcomes of education and can result in [[perverse incentive]]s.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kovacevic |first=Milorad |date=2011 |title=Review of HDI Critiques and Potential Improvements |url=https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/hdrp201033.pdf |access-date=27 August 2025 |website=United Nations Development Programme, Human Development Reports, Research Paper 2010/33}}</ref>

=== Sources of data error ===

Economists Hendrik Wolff, Howard Chong and [[Maximilian Auffhammer]] discuss the HDI from the perspective of data error in the underlying health, education and income statistics used to construct the HDI. They have identified three sources of data error which are: (i) data updating, (ii) formula revisions and (iii) thresholds to classify a country's development status. They conclude that 11%, 21% and 34% of all countries can be interpreted as currently misclassified in the development bins due to the three sources of data error, respectively. Wolff, Chong and Auffhammer suggest that the United Nations should discontinue the practice of classifying countries into development bins because the cut-off values seem arbitrary, and the classifications can provide incentives for strategic behavior in reporting official statistics, as well as having the potential to misguide politicians, investors, charity donors and the public who use the HDI at large.<ref name="Wolff et al. 2011" />

In 2010, the UNDP reacted to the criticism by updating the thresholds to classify nations as low, medium, and high human development countries. In a comment to ''[[The Economist]]'' in early January 2011, the Human Development Report Office responded<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.economist.com/user/UNDP%2BHuman%2BDevelopment%2BReport%2BOffice/comments |title=UNDP Human Development Report Office's comments |date=January 2011 |newspaper=The Economist |access-date=12 January 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110211083547/http://www.economist.com/user/UNDP%2BHuman%2BDevelopment%2BReport%2BOffice/comments |archive-date=11 February 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref> to an article published in the magazine on 6&nbsp;January 2011<ref>{{cite news |url=httphttps://www.economist.com/nodeinternational/17849159?story_id=178491592011/01/06/wrong-numbers |title=The Economist (pages 60–61 in the issue of Jan 8, 2011) |date=6 January 2011 |access-date=12 January 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110113063006/http://www.economist.com/node/17849159?story_id=17849159 |archive-date=13 January 2011 |url-status=live }}</ref> which discusses the Wolff ''et al.'' paper. The Human Development Report Office states that they undertook a systematic revision of the methods used for the calculation of the HDI, and that the new methodology directly addresses the critique by Wolff ''et al.'' in that it generates a system for continuously updating the human-development categories whenever formula or data revisions take place.

In 2013, Salvatore Monni and Alessandro Spaventa emphasized that in the debate of GDP versus HDI, it is often forgotten that these are both external indicators that prioritize different benchmarks upon which the quantification of societal welfare can be predicated. The larger question is whether it is possible to shift the focus of policy from a battle between competing paradigms to a mechanism for eliciting information on well-being directly from the population.<ref name="Monni and Spaventa, 2013">{{cite journal |last1=Monni |first1=Salvatore |last2=Spaventa |first2=Alessandro |year=2013 |title=Beyond Gdp and HDI: Shifting the focus from Paradigms to Politics |journal=Development |volume=56 |issue=2 |pages=227–231 |doi=10.1057/dev.2013.30 |s2cid=84722678 }}</ref>

== See also ==

{{portalPortal|Modern history|World}}

* [[Corruption Perceptions Index]]

* [[Gender Inequality Index]]

* [[OECD Better Life Index]] (BLI)

* [[World Happiness Report]]

* [[International development]]

* [[Legatum Prosperity Index]]

* [[List of sovereign states by percentage of population living in poverty]]

* [[OECD Better Life Index]] (BLI)

* [[Right to an adequate standard of living]]

* [[Social Progress Index]]

* [[Sustainable Development Goals]] (SDGs)

* [[Where-to-be-born Index]]

* [[World Happiness Report]]

== References ==