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{{historical}}

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This page contains the sandbox edit history from July 2005 to shortly after the [[Wikipedia:Administrators' noticeboard/IncidentArchive355#Apologies everyone...|attempted deletion disaster of 2008]]. For other history (listed in chronological order), see:

<!-- Hello! Feel free to try your formatting and editing skills below this line. As this page is for editing {{Chicano and Mexican-American series}}

*[[Wikipedia:Historical archive/Sandpit]], another early ___location for testing (it was then at the title Sandbox)

The '''East Los Angeles Walkouts''' or '''Chicano Blowouts''' were a series of 1968 protests against unequal conditions in [[Los Angeles Unified School District]] [[high school]]s. While the students who organized and carried out the protests were primarily concerned with the quality of their education, they were also motivated by the high minority death toll in the [[Vietnam War]] and the ongoing [[American Civil Rights Movement (1955-1968)|civil rights]] campaigns of the [[Chicano Movement]].

*[[Wikipedia:Historical archive/Earliest sandbox history]]

*[[Wikipedia:Historical archive/Sandbox]]

==Background==

*[[Wikipedia:Sandbox/History]]

[[East Los Angeles, California|East Los Angeles]] had been home to [[Mexico|Mexicans]] since the establishment of [[Mission San Gabriel Arcángel]] in 1781. With the dawn of the American era, they found themselves restricted to the East side, and other non-Anglo ethnicities were segregated here as well. As a result, East Los Angelinos never received the same level of government services as did their wealthier, whiter West-side counterparts.

*[[Wikipedia:Sandbox/Archive2]]

During the 1950s and 60s, [[Mexican American]]s took part in the national quest for civil rights, fighting important court battles and building social and political movements. Mexican American youth in particular became politicized, having taken advantage of the many opportunities their parents never had.

==Organizing==

Inspired by the charismatic Chicano educator [[Sal Castro]], a teacher at [[Abraham Lincoln High School (Los Angeles)|Lincoln High School]], and after attending youth leadership conferences where they learned about the discrepancies between Eastside and Westside schools, members of the [[Brown Berets]] and other student groups from [[Theodore Roosevelt High School (Los Angeles)|Roosevelt]], [[Wilson High School (Los Angeles)|Wilson]], Lincoln, [[Garfield High School (Los Angeles)|Garfield]], and [[Belmont High School (Los Angeles)|Belmont]] high schools began organizing for change. First they took a survey of Chicano attitudes towards school and education. They presented a list of demands to the school board based on the results of the survey. After bureaucratic delays, the student leadership decided that only [[direct action]] would suffice to bring about change.

==Walkouts==

In March of 1968, students from all five public high schools in East L.A. walked out of their classes. Over the next several days, they inspired similar walkouts at fifteen other schools. While initially their protest was tolerated, the patience of the authorities wore thin, and the police were unleashed on the peaceful demonstrators. Thirteen people -- Castro and twelve students -- were arrested on conspiracy charges. They became known as "The East L.A. Thirteen". Eventually, all charges against them were dropped.

==Aftermath==

Many of the student organizers became prominent in their fields. [[Moctesuma Esparza]], one of the 13 accused, became a successful [[film producer]] and went on to open doors for Mexican Americans in [[Cinema of the United States|Hollywood]]. [[Harry Gamboa, Jr.]] became an artist and writer. [[Carlos Montes]], a Brown Berets Minister, was charged with arson at a hotel during the [[Chicano Moratorium]] against the Vietnam War. [[Oscar Zeta Acosta]], the famed "Chicano lawyer" who later became the model for [[Hunter S. Thompson]]'s character "Dr. Gonzo," defended him and won his acquittal. [[Paula Crisóstomo]], a half-[[Filipino American|Filipina]] half-Chicana went on to prominence in the school system, where she continues to fight for reform. Vicky Castro went on to serve on the Los Angeles Unified School District Board of Education.

The student actions of 1968 inspired later protests that used similar tactics, including the 1994 student walkouts against [[California Proposition 187 (1994)|California Proposition 187]] and the 2006 [[2006 U.S. immigrant rights protests|student walkouts]] against [[H.R. 4437]].As well as the walkouts in 2007, for the recognition of the Cesar Chavez holiday, and demand of youth to stop the raids, make California a sanctuary state, and put an end to the mistreatment of Latino youth all over the country.

==In media==

The [[2006 in film|2006]] [[HBO]] [[film]] ''[[Walkout (film)|Walkout]]'', produced by Moctesuma Esparza, was based on the 1968 protests.

==External links==

*[http://www.hbo.com/films/walkout/synopsis/index.html HBO.com]

*[http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0452703/ imdb.com's Walkout! page]

*[http://fcis.oise.utoronto.ca/~dschugurensky/assignment1/1968alison.html utoronto.ca]

==References==

* Inda, Juan Javier [http://ccsre.stanford.edu/pdfs/wps29.pdf. ''La Comunidad en Lucha, The Development of the East Los Angeles Student Walkouts''] Working Paper, Stanford University (1990)

* Francisco-López, Ian F. ''Racism on Trial: The Chicano Fight for Justice'' (2003) ISBN 0-674-01068-X.

[[Category:Civil disobedience]]

[[Category:History of Los Angeles]]

[[Category:Mexican-American history]]

[[Category:Protests]]

{{Chicano and Mexican-American series}}

The '''East Los Angeles Walkouts''' or '''Chicano Blowouts''' were a series of 1968 protests against unequal conditions in [[Los Angeles Unified School District]] [[high school]]s. While the students who organized and carried out the protests were primarily concerned with the quality of their education, they were also motivated by the high minority death toll in the [[Vietnam War]] and the ongoing [[American Civil Rights Movement (1955-1968)|civil rights]] campaigns of the [[Chicano Movement]].

==Background==

[[East Los Angeles, California|East Los Angeles]] had been home to [[Mexico|Mexicans]] since the establishment of [[Mission San Gabriel Arcángel]] in 1781. With the dawn of the American era, they found themselves restricted to the East side, and other non-Anglo ethnicities were segregated here as well. As a result, East Los Angelinos never received the same level of government services as did their wealthier, whiter West-side counterparts.

During the 1950s and 60s, [[Mexican American]]s took part in the national quest for civil rights, fighting important court battles and building social and political movements. Mexican American youth in particular became politicized, having taken advantage of the many opportunities their parents never had.

==Organizing==

Inspired by the charismatic Chicano educator [[Sal Castro]], a teacher at [[Abraham Lincoln High School (Los Angeles)|Lincoln High School]], and after attending youth leadership conferences where they learned about the discrepancies between Eastside and Westside schools, members of the [[Brown Berets]] and other student groups from [[Theodore Roosevelt High School (Los Angeles)|Roosevelt]], [[Wilson High School (Los Angeles)|Wilson]], Lincoln, [[Garfield High School (Los Angeles)|Garfield]], and [[Belmont High School (Los Angeles)|Belmont]] high schools began organizing for change. First they took a survey of Chicano attitudes towards school and education. They presented a list of demands to the school board based on the results of the survey. After bureaucratic delays, the student leadership decided that only [[direct action]] would suffice to bring about change.

==Walkouts==

In March of 1968, students from all five public high schools in East L.A. walked out of their classes. Over the next several days, they inspired similar walkouts at fifteen other schools. While initially their protest was tolerated, the patience of the authorities wore thin, and the police were unleashed on the peaceful demonstrators. Thirteen people -- Castro and twelve students -- were arrested on conspiracy charges. They became known as "The East L.A. Thirteen". Eventually, all charges against them were dropped.

==Aftermath==

Many of the student organizers became prominent in their fields. [[Moctesuma Esparza]], one of the 13 accused, became a successful [[film producer]] and went on to open doors for Mexican Americans in [[Cinema of the United States|Hollywood]]. [[Harry Gamboa, Jr.]] became an artist and writer. [[Carlos Montes]], a Brown Berets Minister, was charged with arson at a hotel during the [[Chicano Moratorium]] against the Vietnam War. [[Oscar Zeta Acosta]], the famed "Chicano lawyer" who later became the model for [[Hunter S. Thompson]]'s character "Dr. Gonzo," defended him and won his acquittal. [[Paula Crisóstomo]], a half-[[Filipino American|Filipina]] half-Chicana went on to prominence in the school system, where she continues to fight for reform. Vicky Castro went on to serve on the Los Angeles Unified School District Board of Education.

The student actions of 1968 inspired later protests that used similar tactics, including the 1994 student walkouts against [[California Proposition 187 (1994)|California Proposition 187]] and the 2006 [[2006 U.S. immigrant rights protests|student walkouts]] against [[H.R. 4437]].As well as the walkouts in 2007, for the recognition of the Cesar Chavez holiday, and demand of youth to stop the raids, make California a sanctuary state, and put an end to the mistreatment of Latino youth all over the country.

==In media==

The [[2006 in film|2006]] [[HBO]] [[film]] ''[[Walkout (film)|Walkout]]'', produced by Moctesuma Esparza, was based on the 1968 protests.

==External links==

*[http://www.hbo.com/films/walkout/synopsis/index.html HBO.com]

*[http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0452703/ imdb.com's Walkout! page]

*[http://fcis.oise.utoronto.ca/~dschugurensky/assignment1/1968alison.html utoronto.ca]

==References==

* Inda, Juan Javier [http://ccsre.stanford.edu/pdfs/wps29.pdf. ''La Comunidad en Lucha, The Development of the East Los Angeles Student Walkouts''] Working Paper, Stanford University (1990)

* Francisco-López, Ian F. ''Racism on Trial: The Chicano Fight for Justice'' (2003) ISBN 0-674-01068-X.

[[Category:Civil disobedience]]

[[Category:History of Los Angeles]]

[[Category:Mexican-American history]]

[[Category:Protests]]

{{Chicano and Mexican-American series}}

The '''East Los Angeles Walkouts''' or '''Chicano Blowouts''' were a series of 1968 protests against unequal conditions in [[Los Angeles Unified School District]] [[high school]]s. While the students who organized and carried out the protests were primarily concerned with the quality of their education, they were also motivated by the high minority death toll in the [[Vietnam War]] and the ongoing [[American Civil Rights Movement (1955-1968)|civil rights]] campaigns of the [[Chicano Movement]].

==Background==

[[East Los Angeles, California|East Los Angeles]] had been home to [[Mexico|Mexicans]] since the establishment of [[Mission San Gabriel Arcángel]] in 1781. With the dawn of the American era, they found themselves restricted to the East side, and other non-Anglo ethnicities were segregated here as well. As a result, East Los Angelinos never received the same level of government services as did their wealthier, whiter West-side counterparts.

During the 1950s and 60s, [[Mexican American]]s took part in the national quest for civil rights, fighting important court battles and building social and political movements. Mexican American youth in particular became politicized, having taken advantage of the many opportunities their parents never had.

==Organizing==

Inspired by the charismatic Chicano educator [[Sal Castro]], a teacher at [[Abraham Lincoln High School (Los Angeles)|Lincoln High School]], and after attending youth leadership conferences where they learned about the discrepancies between Eastside and Westside schools, members of the [[Brown Berets]] and other student groups from [[Theodore Roosevelt High School (Los Angeles)|Roosevelt]], [[Wilson High School (Los Angeles)|Wilson]], Lincoln, [[Garfield High School (Los Angeles)|Garfield]], and [[Belmont High School (Los Angeles)|Belmont]] high schools began organizing for change. First they took a survey of Chicano attitudes towards school and education. They presented a list of demands to the school board based on the results of the survey. After bureaucratic delays, the student leadership decided that only [[direct action]] would suffice to bring about change.

==Walkouts==

In March of 1968, students from all five public high schools in East L.A. walked out of their classes. Over the next several days, they inspired similar walkouts at fifteen other schools. While initially their protest was tolerated, the patience of the authorities wore thin, and the police were unleashed on the peaceful demonstrators. Thirteen people -- Castro and twelve students -- were arrested on conspiracy charges. They became known as "The East L.A. Thirteen". Eventually, all charges against them were dropped.

==Aftermath==

Many of the student organizers became prominent in their fields. [[Moctesuma Esparza]], one of the 13 accused, became a successful [[film producer]] and went on to open doors for Mexican Americans in [[Cinema of the United States|Hollywood]]. [[Harry Gamboa, Jr.]] became an artist and writer. [[Carlos Montes]], a Brown Berets Minister, was charged with arson at a hotel during the [[Chicano Moratorium]] against the Vietnam War. [[Oscar Zeta Acosta]], the famed "Chicano lawyer" who later became the model for [[Hunter S. Thompson]]'s character "Dr. Gonzo," defended him and won his acquittal. [[Paula Crisóstomo]], a half-[[Filipino American|Filipina]] half-Chicana went on to prominence in the school system, where she continues to fight for reform. Vicky Castro went on to serve on the Los Angeles Unified School District Board of Education.

The student actions of 1968 inspired later protests that used similar tactics, including the 1994 student walkouts against [[California Proposition 187 (1994)|California Proposition 187]] and the 2006 [[2006 U.S. immigrant rights protests|student walkouts]] against [[H.R. 4437]].As well as the walkouts in 2007, for the recognition of the Cesar Chavez holiday, and demand of youth to stop the raids, make California a sanctuary state, and put an end to the mistreatment of Latino youth all over the country.

==In media==

The [[2006 in film|2006]] [[HBO]] [[film]] ''[[Walkout (film)|Walkout]]'', produced by Moctesuma Esparza, was based on the 1968 protests.

==External links==

*[http://www.hbo.com/films/walkout/synopsis/index.html HBO.com]

*[http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0452703/ imdb.com's Walkout! page]

*[http://fcis.oise.utoronto.ca/~dschugurensky/assignment1/1968alison.html utoronto.ca]

==References==

* Inda, Juan Javier [http://ccsre.stanford.edu/pdfs/wps29.pdf. ''La Comunidad en Lucha, The Development of the East Los Angeles Student Walkouts''] Working Paper, Stanford University (1990)

* Francisco-López, Ian F. ''Racism on Trial: The Chicano Fight for Justice'' (2003) ISBN 0-674-01068-X.

[[Category:Civil disobedience]]

[[Category:History of Los Angeles]]

[[Category:Mexican-American history]]

[[Category:Protests]]