Document Object Model: Difference between revisions

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The '''Document Object Model''' ('''DOM''') is a [[cross-platform]]<ref name=":0" /> and [[Language-independent specification|language-independent]] interface[[API]] that treats an [[HTML]] or [[XML]] document as a [[tree structure]] wherein each [[Node (computer science)|node]] is an [[Object (computer science)|object]] representing a part of the document. The DOM represents a document with a logical tree. Each branch of the tree ends in a node, and each node contains objects. DOM methods allow programmatic access to the tree; with them one can change the structure, style or content of a document.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Document Object Model (DOM): definition, structure and example |url=https://www.ionos.com/digitalguide/websites/web-development/an-introduction-to-the-document-object-model-dom/ |access-date=2022-04-21 |website=IONOS Digitalguide |language=en}}</ref> Nodes can have [[event handler]]s (also known as event listeners) attached to them. Once an event is triggered, the event handlers get executed.<ref name="Introduction">{{cite web

| access-date = 2012-01-12

| publisher = W3C

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The principal standardization of the DOM was handled by the [[World Wide Web Consortium]] (W3C), which last developed a recommendation in 2004. [[WHATWG]] took over the development of the standard, publishing it as a [[living document]]. The W3C now publishes stable snapshots of the WHATWG standard.

In HTML DOM (Document Object Model), every element is a node{{Clarification needed|reason=Clarify what this means, or, if it's simply a statement of nomenclature, then rewrite to make that explicit (e.g. is "called" a node)|date=August 2025}}:<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.w3schools.com/js/js_htmldom.asp | title=JavaScript HTML DOM }}</ref>

* A document is a document node.

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== Manipulating the DOM tree ==

The DOM tree can be manipulated using JavaScript or other programming languages. Common tasks include navigating the tree, adding, removing, and modifying nodes, and getting and setting the properties of nodes. The DOM API provides a set of methods and properties to perform these operationsseement, such as <code>getElementById</code>, <code>createElement</code>, <code>appendChild</code>, and <code>innerHTML</code>.<syntaxhighlight lang="javascript">

// Create the root element

var root = document.createElement("root");

</syntaxhighlight>Another way to create a DOM structure is using the innerHTML property to insert HTML code as a string, creating the elements and children in the process. For example:<syntaxhighlight lang="javascript">

// Create a child element

var child = document.createElement("child");

</syntaxhighlight>Another method is to use a JavaScript library or framework such as [[jQuery]], [[AngularJS]], [[React (JavaScript library)|React]]lib, [[Vue.js]], etc. These libraries provide a more convenient, eloquent and efficient way to create, manipulate and interact with the DOM.

// Add the child element to the root element

root.appendChild(child);

</syntaxhighlight>Another way to create a DOM structure is using the innerHTML property to insert HTML code as a string, creating the elements and children in the process. For example:<syntaxhighlight lang="javascript">

document.getElementById("root").innerHTML = "<child></child>";

</syntaxhighlight>Another method is to use a JavaScript library or framework such as [[jQuery]], [[AngularJS]], [[React (JavaScript library)|React]], [[Vue.js]], etc. These libraries provide a more convenient, eloquent and efficient way to create, manipulate and interact with the DOM.

It is also possible to create a DOM structure from an XML or JSON data, using JavaScript methods to parse the data and create the nodes accordingly.

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Creating a DOM structure does not necessarily mean that it will be displayed in the web page, it only exists in memory and should be appended to the document body or a specific container to be rendered.

In summary, creating a DOM structure involves creating individual nodes and organizing them in a hierarchical structure using JavaScript or other programming languages, and it can be done using several methods depending on the use case and the developerlanguageloper's preference.

==Implementations==

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* [[Apache Xerces|Xerces]] is a collection of DOM implementations written in C++, Java and Perl

* [https://docs.python.org/3/library/xml.dom.html xml.dom] for [[Python (programming language)|Python]]

* XML for &lt;SCRIPT&gt; is a JavaScript-based DOM implementation<ref>{{cite web|url=httphttps://xmljs.sourceforge.net/|title=XML for <SCRIPT> Cross Platform XML Parser in JavaScript|access-date=23 September 2016}}</ref>

* [https://github.com/PhpGt/Dom PHP.Gt DOM] is a server-side DOM implementation based on [[libxml2]] and brings DOM level 4 compatibility<ref>{{cite web|url=https://php.gt/dom#features-at-a-glance|title=The modern DOM API for PHP 7 projects|date=5 December 2021}}</ref> to the [[PHP]] programming language

* [https://github.com/fgnass/domino/ Domino] is a Server-side (Node.js) DOM implementation based on Mozilla's dom.js. Domino is used in the [[MediaWiki]] stack with Visual Editor.