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Syntactic constructs similar to C's preprocessor directives, such as [[C Sharp (programming language)|C#]]'s <code>#if</code>, are also typically called "directives", although in these cases there may not be any real preprocessing phase involved.
All preprocessor commands, except for <code>defined</code> (when following a conditional directive), begin with a hash symbol (#). Until [[C++26]], the keywords <code>export</code>, <code>import</code> and <code>module</code> were partially handled by the preprocessor.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/papers/2019/p1857r1.html|title=P1857R1 - Modules Dependency Discovery}}</ref>
==History==
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* In [[Turbo Pascal]], directives are called '''significant comments''', because in the language [[grammar]] they follow the same syntax as [[comment (computer programming)|comment]]s. In Turbo Pascal, a significant comment is a comment whose first character is a [[dollar sign]] and whose second character is a letter; for example, the equivalent of C's <code>#include "file"</code> directive is the significant comment <code>{$I "file"}</code>.
* In [[Perl]], the [[keyword (computer programming)|keyword]] "<code>[http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/use.html use]</code>", which imports modules, can also be used to specify directives, such as <code>use strict;</code> or <code>use utf8;</code>.
* [[Haskell (programming language)|Haskell]] pragmas are specified using a specialized comment syntax, e.g. <code>{-# INLINE foo #-}</code>.<ref>{{cite web|title=7.20. Pragmas|url=http://www.haskell.org/ghc/docs/7.8.3/html/users_guide/pragmas.html|website=GHC 7.8.3 Documentation|access-date=18 July 2014}}</ref> It is also possible to use the C preprocessor in Haskell, by writing <syntaxhighlight lang="Haskell" inline>{-# LANGUAGE CPP #-}</syntaxhighlight>.
* [[PHP]] uses the directive <code>declare(strict_types=1)</code>.
* In [[PL/I]], directives begin with a [[Percent sign]] (<code>%</code>) and end with a semicolon (<code>;</code>), e.g., <code>%INCLUDE ''foo'';</code>, <code>%NOPRINT;</code>, <code>%PAGE;</code>, <code>%POP;</code>, <code>%SKIP;</code>, the same as with preprocessor statements.
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** <code>Option Infer On|Off</code> - When on enables the compiler to infer the type of local variables from their initializers.
* In [[Ruby (programming language)|Ruby]], interpreter directives are referred to as '''pragmas''' and are specified by top-of-file comments that follow a <code>key: value</code> notation. For example, <code>coding: UTF-8</code> indicates that the file is encoded via the [[UTF-8]] [[character encoding]].
* In [[C Sharp (programming language)|C#]], compiler directives are called pre-processing directives. C# does not technically handle these using a preprocessor, but rather directly in the code. There are a number of different compiler directives, which mostly align with those from C and C++, including <code>#pragma</code>, which is specifically used to control compiler warnings and debugger checksums.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/csharp/language-reference/language-specification/lexical-structure|title=Lexical structure - C# language specification|last=dotnet-bot|website=docs.microsoft.com|language=en-us|access-date=2019-11-01}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/csharp/language-reference/preprocessor-directives/preprocessor-pragma|title=#pragma - C# Reference|last=BillWagner|website=docs.microsoft.com|language=en-us|access-date=2019-11-01}}</ref> C# also features some directives not used in C or C++, including <code>#nullable</code> and <code>#region</code>. C# also does not allow function-like macros, but does allow regular macros, for purposes such as conditional compilation.
* The [[SQLite]] [[DBMS]] includes a PRAGMA directive that is used to introduce commands that are not compatible with other DBMS.<ref>{{cite web |title=Pragma statements supported by SQLite |url=https://www.sqlite.org/pragma.html |website=www.sqlite.org}}</ref>
* In [[Solidity]], compiler directives are called pragmas, and are specified using the `pragma` keyword.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Layout of a Solidity Source File — Solidity 0.8.27 documentation |url=https://docs.soliditylang.org/en/latest/layout-of-source-files.html#pragmas |access-date=2024-06-03 |website=docs.soliditylang.org}}</ref>
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