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{{Redirect|URI}}
{{Distinguish|URL}}
{{More footnotesrefimprove|date=FebruaryAugust 20242025}}
{{Infobox technology standard
| title = Uniform Resource Identifier
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| website = https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc3986#section-1.1
}}
A '''Uniform Resource Identifier''' ('''<code>URI'''</code>), formerly '''Universal Resource Identifier''', is a unique sequence of characters that identifies an abstract or physical resource,{{Sfn|Berners-Lee, Tim; Fielding, Roy T.; Masinter, Larry|2005|p=1|ps=, "Abstract"}} such as resources on a webpage, mail address, phone number,{{Sfn|Berners-Lee, Tim; Fielding, Roy T.; Masinter, Larry|2005|p=7|ps=; "1.1.2. Examples", "1.1.3. URI, URL, and URN"}} books, real-world objects such as people and places, concepts.{{Sfn|Berners-Lee, Tim; Fielding, Roy T.Therefore; Masinter, URLsLarry|2005|p=5|ps=, are"Resource: athe subsetterm of"resource" URIs,is i.e.used every URL isin a URIgeneral (andsense notfor necessarilywhatever themight otherbe wayidentified around).{{Sfn|Berners-Lee,by Tim; Fielding, Roy T.; Masinter, Larry|2005|p=7|ps=;a URI"1.1.2.}} URIs Examples",are "1.1.3.used to URI,identify URL,anything anddescribed URN"}}using Otherthe URIs[[Resource provideDescription onlyFramework]] a(RDF), uniquefor nameexample, withoutconcepts athat meansare part of locatingan or retrieving the resource or[[Ontology (information aboutscience)|ontology]] it;defined theseusing arethe [[UniformWeb ResourceOntology NameLanguage]]s (URNsOWL)., Theand webpeople technologies that use URIswho are notdescribed limitedusing tothe [[WebFOAF browser(ontology)|webFriend browsersof a Friend vocabulary]] would each have an individual URI.
 
URIs which provide a means of locating and [[Information retrieval|retrieving]] information resources on a network (either on the Internet or on another private network, such as a computer filesystem or an [[Intranet]]) are [[Uniform Resource Locator]]s (URLs). Therefore, URLs are a subset of URIs, i.e. every URL is a URI (and not necessarily the other way around).{{Sfn|Berners-Lee, Tim; Fielding, Roy T.; Masinter, Larry|2005|p=7|ps=; "1.1.2. Examples", "1.1.3. URI, URL, and URN"}} Other URIs provide only a unique name, without a means of locating or retrieving the resource or information about it; these are [[Uniform Resource Name]]s (URNs). The web technologies that use URIs are not limited to [[Web browser|web browsers]].
 
== History ==
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=== Works cited ===
* {{cite IETF|last=[[Tim Berners-Lee|Berners-Lee, Tim]]; [[Roy Fielding|Fielding, Roy T.]]; [[Larry Masinter|Masinter, Larry]] |rfc=3986 |title=RFC 3986 Uniform Resource Identifier (URI): Generic Syntax |date=January 2005 |publisher=Internet Engineering Task Force |access-date=16 February 2024 }}▼
 
* {{cite web |url=http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml-names/#iri-use |title=Namespaces in XML 1.1 (Second Edition) |date=16 August 2006 |at=2.2 Use of URIs as Namespace Names |editor-first1=Tim |editor-last1=Bray |editor-link1=Tim Bray |editor-first2=Dave |editor-last2=Hollander |editor-first3=Andrew |editor-last3=Layman |editor-first4=Richard |editor-last4=Tobin |publisher=[[World Wide Web Consortium]] |access-date=31 August 2015 |ref={{SfnRef|W3C|2006}}}}▼
▲* {{cite IETF|last=[[Tim Berners-Lee|Berners-Lee, Tim]]; [[Roy Fielding|Fielding, Roy T.]]; [[Larry Masinter|Masinter, Larry]] |rfc=3986 |title=RFC 3986 Uniform Resource Identifier (URI): Generic Syntax |date=January 2005 |publisher=Internet Engineering Task Force |access-date=16 February 2024 }}
* {{cite web |url=http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml-names/#iri-use |title=Namespaces in XML 1.0 (Third Edition) |date=8 December 2009 |at=2.2 Use of URIs as Namespace Names |editor-first1=Tim |editor-last1=Bray |editor-link1=Tim Bray |editor-first2=Dave |editor-last2=Hollander |editor-first3=Andrew |editor-last3=Layman |editor-first4=Richard |editor-last4=Tobin |editor-first5=Henry S. |editor-last5=Thompson |publisher=[[World Wide Web Consortium]] |access-date=31 August 2015 |ref={{SfnRef|W3C|2009}}}}▼
* {{cite book |author-first=Elliotte Rusty |author-last=Harold |author-link=Elliotte Rusty Harold |date=2004 |title=XML 1.1 Bible |edition=Third |publisher=[[Wiley Publishing]] |page=291 |isbn=978-0-7645-4986-1}}▼
* {{cite web |author-last1=Lawrence |author-first1=Eric |title=Browser Arcana: IP Literals in URLs |url=http://blogs.msdn.com/b/ieinternals/archive/2014/03/06/browser-arcana-ipv4-ipv6-literal-urls-dotted-va-dotless.aspx |website=IEInternals |publisher=[[Microsoft]] |date=6 March 2014 |access-date=25 April 2016}}▼
* {{cite book |author-last=Morrison |author-first=Michael Wayne |author-link=Michael Wayne Morrison |date=2006 |title=Sams Teach Yourself XML |publisher=[[Sams Publishing]] |chapter=Hour 5: ''Putting Namespaces to Use'' |page=91}}▼
* {{cite journal|journal=[[IEEE Internet Computing]]|year=1998|doi= 10.1109/4236.722228|issn=1941-0131|volume=2|issue=5|title=WebDAV: IEFT standard for collaborative authoring on the Web|first=E.J|last=Whitehead|pages=34–40 |url=https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/722228|access-date=12 October 2021|url-access=subscription}}▼
 
== Further reading ==
 
{{refbegin|32em}}
 
▲* {{cite book |author-first=Elliotte Rusty |author-last=Harold |author-link=Elliotte Rusty Harold |date=2004 |title=XML 1.1 Bible |edition=Third |publisher=[[Wiley Publishing]] |page=291 |isbn=978-0-7645-4986-1}}
* {{cite IETF|rfc=7595 |title=Guidelines and Registration Procedures for URI Schemes |editor-first=Dave |editor-last=Thaler |author-first1=Tony |author-last1=Hansen |author-first2=Ted |author-last2=Hardie |journal=IETF Request for Comments (RFC) Pages – Test |publisher=[[Internet Engineering Task Force]] |date=June 2015 |issn=2070-1721 |ref={{SfnRef|IETF|2015}}}}
▲* {{cite book |author-last=Morrison |author-first=Michael Wayne |author-link=Michael Wayne Morrison |date=2006 |title=Sams Teach Yourself XML |publisher=[[Sams Publishing]] |chapter=Hour 5: ''Putting Namespaces to Use'' |page=91}}
* {{cite web |author=((URI Planning Interest Group, W3C/IETF)) |title=URIs, URLs, and URNs: Clarifications and Recommendations 1.0 |url=http://www.w3.org/TR/uri-clarification/ |date=21 September 2001 |access-date=27 July 2009 |ref={{SfnRef|URI Planning Interest Group|2009}}}}
* {{cite web |url=http://www.w3.org/2001/tag/doc/alternatives-discovery.html |title=On Linking Alternative Representations To Enable Discovery And Publishing |publisher=[[World Wide Web Consortium]] |date=2006 |orig-year=2001 |access-date=3 April 2012 |ref={{SfnRef|W3C|2001}}}}
▲* {{cite web |url=http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml-names/#iri-use |title=Namespaces in XML 1.1 (Second Edition) |date=16 August 2006 |at=2.2 Use of URIs as Namespace Names |editor-first1=Tim |editor-last1=Bray |editor-link1=Tim Bray |editor-first2=Dave |editor-last2=Hollander |editor-first3=Andrew |editor-last3=Layman |editor-first4=Richard |editor-last4=Tobin |publisher=[[World Wide Web Consortium]] |access-date=31 August 2015 |ref={{SfnRef|W3C|2006}}}}
* {{cite web |url=http://www.w3.org/TR/cooluris/ |title=Cool URIs for the Semantic Web |editor-first1=Leo |editor-last1=Sauermann |editor-first2=Richard |editor-last2=Cyganiak |author-first1=Danny |author-last1=Ayers |author-first2=Max |author-last2=Völkel |publisher=[[World Wide Web Consortium]] |date=3 December 2008 |access-date=3 April 2012 |ref={{SfnRef|W3C|2008}}}}
▲* {{cite web |url=http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml-names/#iri-use |title=Namespaces in XML 1.0 (Third Edition) |date=8 December 2009 |at=2.2 Use of URIs as Namespace Names |editor-first1=Tim |editor-last1=Bray |editor-link1=Tim Bray |editor-first2=Dave |editor-last2=Hollander |editor-first3=Andrew |editor-last3=Layman |editor-first4=Richard |editor-last4=Tobin |editor-first5=Henry S. |editor-last5=Thompson |publisher=[[World Wide Web Consortium]] |access-date=31 August 2015 |ref={{SfnRef|W3C|2009}}}}
* {{cite IETF|rfc=1866|section=8.2.1 |title=Hypertext Markup Language – 2.0 |author-first1=Tim |author-last1=Berners-Lee |author-link1=Tim Berners-Lee |author-first2=Daniel "Dan" |author-last2=Connolly |author-link2=Daniel Connolly (computer scientist) |publisher=[[Internet Engineering Task Force]] |date=November 1995 |s2cid=6628570 |access-date=13 September 2015 |ref={{SfnRef|RFC 1866|1995}} }}
* {{cite IETF |title=Uniform Resource Identifiers (URI): Generic Syntax |rfc=2396 |author-first1=Tim |author-last1=Berners-Lee |author-link1=Tim Berners-Lee |author-first2=Roy T. |author-last2=Fielding |author-link2=Roy T. Fielding |author-first3=Larry |author-last3=Masinter |author-link3=Larry Masinter |publisher=[[Internet Engineering Task Force]] |date=August 1998 |access-date=31 August 2015 |ref={{SfnRef|RFC 2396|1998}}}}
* {{cite IETF |title=Uniform Resource Identifiers (URI): Generic Syntax |rfc=3986 |author-first1=Tim |author-last1=Berners-Lee |author-link1=Tim Berners-Lee |author-first2=Roy T. |author-last2=Fielding |author-link2=Roy T. Fielding |author-first3=Larry |author-last3=Masinter |author-link3=Larry Masinter |publisher=[[Internet Engineering Task Force]] |date=January 2005 |access-date=31 August 2015 |ref={{SfnRef|RFC 3986|2005}}}}
* {{cite IETF |rfc=3986|section=3 |title=Uniform Resource Identifiers (URI): Generic Syntax|sectionname=Syntax Components |author-first1=Tim |author-last1=Berners-Lee |author-link1=Tim Berners-Lee |author-first2=Roy T. |author-last2=Fielding |author-link2=Roy T. Fielding |author-first3=Larry |author-last3=Masinter |author-link3=Larry Masinter |publisher=[[Internet Engineering Task Force]] |date=January 2005 |access-date=31 August 2015 |ref={{SfnRef|RFC 3986, section 3|2005}}}}
▲* {{cite web |author-last1=Lawrence |author-first1=Eric |title=Browser Arcana: IP Literals in URLs |url=http://blogs.msdn.com/b/ieinternals/archive/2014/03/06/browser-arcana-ipv4-ipv6-literal-urls-dotted-va-dotless.aspx |website=IEInternals |publisher=[[Microsoft]] |date=6 March 2014 |access-date=25 April 2016}}
{{refend}}
▲* {{cite journal|journal=[[IEEE Internet Computing]]|year=1998|doi= 10.1109/4236.722228|issn=1941-0131|volume=2|issue=5|title=WebDAV: IEFT standard for collaborative authoring on the Web|first=E.J|last=Whitehead|pages=34–40 |url=https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/722228|access-date=12 October 2021|url-access=subscription}}
 
==External links==
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uniform_Resource_Identifier"