Model-based systems engineering: Difference between revisions

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Unlike document-based approaches where system specifications are scattered across numerous text documents, [[Spreadsheet|spreadsheets]], and [[Diagram|diagrams]] that can become inconsistent over time, MBSE centralizes information in interconnected models that automatically maintain relationships between system elements. These models serve as the authoritative source of truth for [[Systems design|system design]], enabling automated verification of requirements, real-time impact analysis of proposed changes, and generation of consistent documentation from a single source. This approach significantly reduces errors from manual synchronization, improves traceability between requirements and implementation, and facilitates earlier detection of design flaws through simulation and analysis.

The MBSE approach has been widely adopted across industries dealing with complex systems development, including aerospace, defense, rail, automotive, and manufacturing.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Nouacer |first1=Réda |last2=Djemal |first2=Manel |last3=Niar |first3=Smail |last4=Mouchard |first4=Gilles |last5=Rapin |first5=Nicolas |last6=Gallois |first6=Jean-Pierre |last7=Fiani |first7=Philippe |last8=Chastrette |first8=François |last9=Lapitre |first9=Arnault |last10=Adriano |first10=Toni |last11=Mac-Eachen |first11=Bryan |date=2016-11-01 |title=EQUITAS: A tool-chain for functional safety and reliability improvement in automotive systems |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0141933116301156 |journal=Microprocessors and Microsystems |language=en |volume=47 |pages=252–261 |doi=10.1016/j.micpro.2016.07.020 |issn=0141-9331|url-access= }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Chen |first1=B. |title=2018 International Conference on Intelligent Rail Transportation (ICIRT) |last2=Zhang |first2=S. |last3=Wang |first3=B. |date=December 2018 |isbn=978-1-5386-7528-1 |pages=1–5 |chapter=A Case Study of MBSE Method Used in the EMU Train Design |doi=10.1109/ICIRT.2018.8641645 |chapter-url=https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8641645 |s2cid=61807576}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Weiss |first1=E. |title=MILCOM 2019 - 2019 IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM) |last2=Chung |first2=L. |last3=Nguyen |first3=L. |date=November 2019 |isbn=978-1-7281-4280-7 |pages=65–69 |chapter=A MBSE Approach to Satellite Clock Time and Frequency Adjustment in Highly Elliptical Orbit |doi=10.1109/MILCOM47813.2019.9020875 |chapter-url=https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9020875 |s2cid=212648120}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Hause |first1=M. |title=2018 13th Annual Conference on System of Systems Engineering (SoSE) |last2=Hummell |first2=J. |last3=Grelier |first3=F. |date=June 2018 |isbn=978-1-5386-4876-6 |pages=365–371 |chapter=MBSE Driven IoT for Smarter Cities |doi=10.1109/SYSOSE.2018.8428705 |chapter-url=https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8428705 |s2cid=51976927}}</ref> By enabling consistent system representation across disciplines and development phases, MBSE helps organizations manage complexity, reduce development risks, improve quality, and enhance collaboration among multidisciplinary teams.

The [[International Council on Systems Engineering]] (INCOSE) defines MBSE as the ''formalized application of modeling to support system requirements, design, analysis, verification and validation activities beginning in the conceptual design phase and continuing throughout development and later life cycle phases.''<ref name=":022" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Model-Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) (glossary) - SEBoK |url=https://sebokwiki.org/wiki/Model-Based_Systems_Engineering_(MBSE)_(glossary) |access-date=2021-04-06 |website=sebokwiki.org}}</ref>

==History==

The first known prominent public usage of the term "Model-Based Systems Engineering" is a book by A. Wayne Wymore with the same name.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Wymore|first=A. Wayne|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/26850986|title=Model-based systems engineering : an introduction to the mathematical theory of discrete systems and to the tricotyledon theory of system design|date=1993|publisher=CRC Press|isbn=0-8493-8012-X|___location=Boca Raton|oclc=26850986}}</ref> The MBSE term was also commonly used among the [[SysML Partners]] consortium during the formative years of their [[Systems Modeling Language]] (SysML) open source specification project during 2003-2005, so they could distinguish SysML from its parent language [[UML 2|UML v2]], where the latter was software-centric and associated with the term ''[[Model driven development|Model-Driven Development]]'' (MDD). The standardization of SysML in 2006 resulted in widespread modeling tool support for it and associated MBSE processes that emphasized SysML as their ''lingua franca''.

In September 2007, the MBSE approach was further generalized and popularized when [[International Council on Systems Engineering|INCOSE]] introduced its "MBSE 2020 Vision", which was not restricted to SysML, and supported other competitive modeling language standards, such as AP233, HLA, and [[Modelica]].<ref>{{Cite journal |date=September 2007 |title=Systems Engineering Vision 2020, version 2.03 |url=http://www.ccose.org/media/upload/SEVision2020_20071003_v2_03.pdf |journal=INCOSE Technical Paper |issue=INCOSE-TP-2004-004-02}}</ref> <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=start [MBSE Wiki] |url=https://www.omgwiki.org/MBSE/doku.php?id=start |access-date=2021-04-06 |website=www.omgwiki.org}}</ref> According to the MBSE 2020 Vision: "MBSE is expected to replace the document-centric approach that has been practiced by systems engineers in the past and to influence the future practice of systems engineering by being fully integrated into the definition of systems engineering processes."

As of 2014, the scope of MBSE started to cover more [[Modeling and simulation|Modeling and Simulation]] topics, in an attempt to bridge the gap between system model specifications and related system software simulations. As a consequence, the term "modeling and simulation-based systems engineering" has also been increasingly associated along with MBSE.<ref>{{cite book|editor1-last=Gianni|editor1-first=Daniele|editor2-last=D'Ambrogio|editor2-first=Andrea|editor3-last=Tolk|editor3-first=Andreas|title=Modeling and Simulation-Based Systems Engineering Handbook|date=December 2014|publisher=CRC Press|___location=USA|isbn=9781466571457|edition=1}}</ref>