Practice (learning method): Difference between revisions

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[[File:ANCOP officers.jpg|thumb|ANCOP officer cadets practice detaining an armed insurgent at the Mazar-e Sharif Regional Training Center on December 12, 2010.]]
Some common ways practice is applied:
*To learn how to play a [[musical instrument]] ([[musical technique]])<ref name=":3">{{Cite journal |lastlast1=Ericsson |firstfirst1=K. Anders |last2=Krampe |first2=Ralf T. |last3=Tesch-Römer |first3=Clemens |date=1993 |title=The role of deliberate practice in the acquisition of expert performance. |url=https://doi.org/10.1037//0033-295x.100.3.363 |journal=Psychological Review |volume=100 |issue=3 |pages=363–406 |doi=10.1037/0033-295x.100.3.363 |issn=0033-295X|url-access=subscription }}</ref>
*To improve athletic or team performance<ref name=":4">{{Cite book |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/9780511816796/type/book |title=The Cambridge Handbook of Expertise and Expert Performance |date=2006-06-26 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-84097-2 |editor-last=Ericsson |editor-first=K. Anders |edition=1 |doi=10.1017/cbo9780511816796 |editor-last2=Charness |editor-first2=Neil |editor-last3=Feltovich |editor-first3=Paul J. |editor-last4=Hoffman |editor-first4=Robert R.}}</ref>
*To prepare for a public performance within the performing arts
*To improve [[Reading (activity)|reading]], [[writing]], [[interpersonal communication]], [[typing]], [[grammar]], and [[spelling]]
*To enhance or refine a newly acquired skill<ref name=":5">{{Cite journal |lastlast1=Ericsson |firstfirst1=K. A. |last2=Lehmann |first2=A. C. |date=1996 |title=EXPERT AND EXCEPTIONAL PERFORMANCE: Evidence of Maximal Adaptation to Task Constraints |url=https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev.psych.47.1.273 |journal=Annual Review of Psychology |language=en |volume=47 |issue=1 |pages=273–305 |doi=10.1146/annurev.psych.47.1.273 |pmid=15012483 |issn=0066-4308|url-access=subscription }}</ref>
*To maintain skill<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Anders Ericsson |first=K. |date=2008 |title=Deliberate Practice and Acquisition of Expert Performance: A General Overview |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1553-2712.2008.00227.x |journal=Academic Emergency Medicine |language=en |volume=15 |issue=11 |pages=988–994 |doi=10.1111/j.1553-2712.2008.00227.x |issn=1069-6563|url-access=subscription }}</ref>
*To learn martial arts; [[kata]] and [[sparring]] are common forms of practice
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==Deliberate practice in medical education==
Deliberate practice is used in medical education.<ref>{{Cite journalbook |last=McGaghie |first=William C. |date=2017-04-11 |titlechapter=Advances in Medical Education from Mastery Learning and Deliberate Practice |chapter-url=https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119165590.ch12 |journal=The Cycle of Excellence |pages=249–264 |doi=10.1002/9781119165590.ch12|isbn=978-1-119-16556-9 |chapter-url-access=subscription }}</ref> Duvivier et al. reconstructed the concept of deliberate practice into practical principles to describe the process as it relates to clinical skill acquisition. They defined deliberate practice as:
#repetitive performance of intended cognitive or psychomotor skills.
#rigorous skills assessment
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==Deliberate practice in mental health education==
Deliberate practice is used in mental health education. More than 20 peer-reviewed empirical [https://sentio.org/dpresearch studies] and two literature reviews have investigated the process and outcomes of deliberate practice in supervision.<ref>{{Cite journal |lastlast1=Nurse |firstfirst1=Karina |last2=O’Shea |first2=Melissa |last3=Ling |first3=Mathew |last4=Castle |first4=Nathan |last5=Sheen |first5=Jade |date=2025-04-03 |title=The influence of deliberate practice on skill performance in therapeutic practice: A systematic review of early studies |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/10503307.2024.2308159 |journal=Psychotherapy Research |language=en |volume=35 |issue=3 |pages=353–367 |doi=10.1080/10503307.2024.2308159 |issn=1050-3307|doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mahon |first=Daryl |date=2023 |title=A scoping review of deliberate practice in the acquisition of therapeutic skills and practices |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/capr.12601 |journal=Counselling and Psychotherapy Research |language=en |volume=23 |issue=4 |pages=965–981 |doi=10.1002/capr.12601 |issn=1473-3145|url-access=subscription }}</ref> A 2024 review outlined two principal models of deliberate practice training for mental health professionals.<ref>{{Cite journal |lastlast1=Clements-Hickman |firstfirst1=Alyssa L. |last2=Harris |first2=Kevin R. |date=2024 |title=Deliberate practice for psychotherapy skills: Recommendations and implications based on the state of the science. |url=https://doi.apa.org/doi/10.1037/pro0000592 |journal=Professional Psychology: Research and Practice |language=en |volume=55 |issue=6 |pages=563–572 |doi=10.1037/pro0000592 |issn=1939-1323|url-access=subscription }}</ref> The Better Results model, developed by Scott Miller, Mark Hubble, and Daryl Chow, leverages data from [[Feedback Informed Treatment]] to steer deliberate practice efforts.<ref>{{Cite book |lastlast1=Miller |firstfirst1=Scott D. |url=https://content.apa.org/books/16160-000 |title=Better results: Using deliberate practice to improve therapeutic effectiveness. |last2=Hubble |first2=Mark A. |last3=Chow |first3=Daryl |date=2020 |publisher=American Psychological Association |isbn=978-1-4338-3190-4 |___location=Washington |language=en |doi=10.1037/0000191-000}}</ref> The [https://sentio.org/innovation Sentio Supervision Model], created by the Sentio University Marriage and Family Therapy program in California, combines psychotherapy skill rehearsal with clinical videos and outcome data.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Vaz |first=Alexandre |date=2024 |title=Time to Rethink Psychotherapy Training and Supervision: Deliberate Practice as a Missing Ingredient in our Field |url=https://cdn.ymaws.com/www.sepiweb.org/resource/resmgr/integrative_therapist/integrative_therapist-v10-1.pdf |journal=The Integrative Therapist |volume=10 |issue=1 |pages=17-2417–24}}</ref>
 
== Deliberate practice versus physical preparation ==