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| type = [[Provinces of Indonesia|Province]]
| official_name = Province of West Java<br>{{lang|id|{{nobold|Provinsi Jawa Barat}}}}
| nickname = {{
| image_shield = {{#property:p94}}
| shield_size = 100px
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| coordinates_footnotes =
| motto = {{nativename|su|Gemah, Ripah, Répéh, Rapih}}<br>{{Sund|ᮌᮨᮙᮂ ᮛᮤᮕᮂ ᮛᮦᮕᮦᮂ ᮛᮕᮤᮂ}}
<br>"Prosperous,
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|Indonesia}}
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| leader_name = [[Dedi Mulyadi]] ([[Gerindra Party|Gerindra]])
| leader_title2 = Vice Governor
| leader_name2 =
| leader_title3 = [[Regional House of Representatives|Legislature]]
| leader_name3 = [[West Java Regional House of Representatives]] (DPRD)
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**0.65% [[Catholicism in Indonesia|Catholicism]]
{{Tree list/end}}
0.22% [[Buddhism in Indonesia|Buddhism]]<br>0.04% [[Hinduism in Indonesia|Hinduism]]<br>0.04% [[Religion in Indonesia|other]] (including [[Confucianism in Indonesia|Confucianism]], [[Sunda Wiwitan
| demographics1_title3 = [[Languages of Indonesia|Languages and dialects]]
| demographics1_info3 =[[Indonesian language|Indonesian]] (official)<br>[[Sundanese language|Sundanese]] (native)<br>[[Javanese language|Javanese]]<br>[[Cirebonese language|Cirebonese]]<br>[[Betawi language|Betawi]]
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{{Contains special characters|Sundanese|compact=yes}}
'''West Java''' ({{langx|id|Jawa Barat}}, {{langx|su|{{Sund|ᮏᮝ ᮊᮥᮜᮧᮔ᮪}}|Jawa Kulon}}) is an [[Indonesia]]n [[Provinces of Indonesia|province]] on the western part of the island of [[Java]], with its provincial capital in [[Bandung]] and its largest city is [[Bekasi]]. West Java is bordered by the province of [[Banten]] and the country's capital region of [[Jakarta]] to the west, the [[Java Sea]] to the north, the province of [[Central Java]] to the east and the [[Indian Ocean]] to the south. With [[Banten]], this province is the native homeland of the [[Sundanese people]], the [[Ethnic groups in Indonesia|second-largest ethnic group in Indonesia]].
West Java was one of the first eight provinces of Indonesia formed following the [[Proclamation of Indonesian Independence|country's independence proclamation]] and was later legally re-established on 14 July 1950. In
Even following these split-offs, West Java is by far the most populous province of Indonesia with a population of 48,274,162 as of the 2020 Census,<ref name="Badan Pusat Statistik 2021">Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2021.</ref> which grew to 50,345,189 at mid 2024 according to the official estimates;<ref name="Badan Pusat Statistik 2025">Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 28 February 2025, ''Provinsi Jawa Barat Dalam Angka 2025'' (Katalog-BPS 1102001.32)</ref> the population continues to grew and surpassed the 50 millions milestone during late 2023. The province's largest cities, [[Bekasi]] (a [[satellite city]] within the [[Jakarta metropolitan area]]), [[Bandung]] and [[Depok]] (the latter also within the Jakarta metropolitan area), are the third, fourth and sixth [[List of Indonesian cities by population|most populous cities in Indonesia]] respectively. Bandung is also one of the [[List of cities proper by population density|most densely populated cities proper in the world]].<ref name="depkes.go.id">{{cite web|access-date=20 February 2014|url=http://www.depkes.go.id/downloads/Penduduk%20Kab%20Kota%20Umur%20Tunggal%202014.pdf|title=Estimasi Penduduk Menurut Umur Tunggal Dan Jenis Kelamin 2014 Kementerian Kesehatan|archive-date=8 February 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140208021950/http://depkes.go.id/downloads/Penduduk%20Kab%20Kota%20Umur%20Tunggal%202014.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref>
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==Government and administrative divisions==
[[File:Gedung Sate Oktober 2024 - Rahmatdenas.jpg|thumb|[[Gedung Sate]] is the Governor's office of West Java]]
[[File:West Java Province.png|thumb|2nd-level Administrative map of West Java Province]]
Since the creation of West Java Province,<ref name=govwj /> the province of West Java was subdivided into four [[Cities of Indonesia|cities]] ({{lang|id|Kota}}) and sixteen [[Regencies of Indonesia|regencies]] ({{lang|id|Kabupaten}}), excluding the four regencies which were separated off in 2000 to form the new Banten Province. Subsequently five new independent cities were created between 1996 and 2002 by separation from their surrounding regencies - '''Bekasi''' on 16 December 1996, '''Depok''' on 27 April 1999, '''Cimahi''' and '''Tasikmalaya''' on 21 June 2001, and '''Banjar''' on 11 December 2002. A 17th regency was formed on 2 January 2007 – [[West Bandung Regency]] – from the western half of Bandung Regency, and an 18th regency was formed in October 2012 – [[Pangandaran Regency]] – from the southern half of Ciamis Regency. On 25 October 2013, the [[People's Representative Council]] (DPR) began reviewing draft laws on the establishment of 57 prospective new regencies (and eight new provinces),<ref>''Jakarta Post'', 14 November 2013</ref> including a further three regencies in West Java – South Garut ({{lang|id|Garut Selatan}}), North Sukabumi ({{lang|id|Sukabumi Utara}}) and West Bogor ({{lang|id|Bogor Barat}}) – but no action has followed in view of the moratorium adopted since 2013 by the Indonesian government on the creation of new provinces, regencies and cities, so none of these three prospective regencies are shown separately on the map below, nor in the following table.
These 9 cities and 18 regencies are listed below with their areas and their populations at the 2010 Census <ref name="Biro Pusat Statistik 2011">Biro Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2011.</ref> and 2020 Census, <ref name="Badan Pusat Statistik 2021">Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2021.</ref> together with official estimates as at mid 2024.<ref name="Badan Pusat Statistik 2025">Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 28 February 2025, ''Provinsi Jawa Barat Dalam Angka 2025'' (Katalog-BPS 1102001.32)</ref> They are divided into 627 [[Districts of West Java|districts]] ({{lang|id|Kecamatan}}) as at 2024, which comprise 663 urban [[Administrative village|villages]] ({{lang|id|Kelurahan}}) and 5,294 rural villages ({{lang|id|Desa}}).<ref name="govwj">{{cite book|title=Governance of West Java|year=2008|publisher=West Java Government|page=17}}</ref> The table also includes the average population density as at mid 2024 for each regency or city.<ref>Proyeksi Penduduk Kabupaten/Kpta Provinsi Jawa Barat 2020-2035 | Hasil Sunsus Penduduk 2020.</ref>).
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|align="center"| [[File:Lambang Kabupaten Bogor.svg|35px]] || 32.01 || [[Bogor Regency]] || [[Cibinong]] ||align="right"| {{formatnum: 2991.78}} ||align="right"| {{formatnum: 4771932}} ||align="right"| {{formatnum: 5427068}} ||align="right"| {{formatnum: 5682303}} ||align="right"| {{formatnum: 1899}}
|-
| colspan="4" |'''''Bodebek region
|align="right"| '''''{{formatnum: 4767.12}}'''''
|align="right"| '''''{{formatnum: 12426108}}'''''
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| align="center" | [[File:Coat of arms of Sumedang Regency.svg|pus|40px]] || 32.11 || [[Sumedang Regency]] ||[[North Sumedang]]|| align="right" |{{formatnum: 1566.20}} || align="right" | {{formatnum: 1093602}} || align="right" | {{formatnum: 1152507}} || align="right" | {{formatnum: 1187130}} || align="right" | {{formatnum: 758}}
|-
| colspan="4" |'''''Central Parahyangan region
|align="right"| '''''{{formatnum: 4799.50}}'''''
|align="right"| '''''{{formatnum: 8718479}}'''''
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|align="center"| [[File:Seal of Indramayu Regency.svg|pus|40px]] || 32.12 || [[Indramayu Regency]] || [[Indramayu]] ||align="right"| {{formatnum: 2076.06}} ||align="right"| {{formatnum: 1663737}} ||align="right"| {{formatnum: 1834434}} ||align="right"| {{formatnum: 1914037}} ||align="right"| {{formatnum: 922}}
|-
| colspan="4" |'''''Rebana region
|align="right"| '''''{{formatnum: 5710.52}}'''''
|align="right"| '''''{{formatnum: 6229384}}'''''
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|}
Much of the population growth has been in the northwest corner of the province, in those areas bordering Jakarta and forming part of the [[Jakarta metropolitan area]]. These comprise Bekasi and Bogor Regencies, together with the separate cities of Bekasi, Bogor and Depok, and area collectively described as the '''Bodebek''' region (an acronym of '''BO'''gor'''DE'''pok'''BEK'''asi); in total they cover an area of 4,767.12 km<sup>2</sup> (about the same area as the [[Scottish Borders]] council area) and had a population estimated at 14,842,220 in mid 2024; and officially projected to be 14,924,650 in mid 2025 (and 15.0 millions in mid 2026).<ref name="Badan Pusat Statistik 2025">Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 28 February 2025, ''Provinsi Jawa Barat Dalam Angka 2025'' (Katalog-BPS 1102001.32)</ref>
The province comprises eleven of Indonesia's 84 national electoral districts to elect members to the [[Indonesian Parliament|People's Representative Council]].<ref>Law No. 7/2017 (''UU No. 7 Tahun 2017'') as amended by Government Regulation in Lieu of Law No. 1/2022 and Regulation of General Elections Commission No. 6/2023.</ref> The province's 91 elected members are comprised as follows:
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[[File:Tangkuban Parahu.jpg|thumb|View of the mount and the [[Volcanic crater|crater]] of [[Tangkuban Parahu]] in [[Lembang]]. Tangkuban Parahu is the centre point of [[Sundanese people|Sundanese]] culture according to the local legend of [[Sangkuriang]]]]
West Java borders Jakarta and [[Banten]] province to the west and [[Central Java]] to the east. To the north is the [[Java Sea]]. To the south is the [[Indian Ocean]]. Unlike most other provinces in Indonesia which have their capitals in coastal areas, the provincial capital, Bandung, is located in the mountainous area in the centre of the province. [[Banten]] Province was formerly part of West Java but was created a separate province in 2000. West Java, in the densely populated western third of Java and covering a land area of 37,040.04 km<sup>2</sup> (larger than [[Guinea-Bissau]] or [[Ulyanovsk Oblast]]), is home to almost one out of every five Indonesians.
[[File:Cukang Taneuh (Green Canyon Indonesia) 01.jpg|thumb|View of the canyon of [[Cukang Taneuh]], which is
West Java and Banten provinces, as a part of the [[Pacific Ring of Fire]], have more mountains and volcanoes than any of the other provinces in Indonesia. The vast volcanic mountainous region of inland West Java is traditionally known as [[Parahyangan]] (also known as [[Priangan]] or [[Preanger]]) which means "The abode of [[hyang]]s (gods)". It is considered as the heartland of the Sundanese people. The highest point of West Java is the [[stratovolcano]] [[Mount Cereme]] (3,078 metres) bordering [[Kuningan]] and [[Majalengka]] Regencies. West Java has rich and fertile volcanic soil. Agriculture, mostly traditional dry rice cultivation (known as ''ladang'' or ''huma''), has become the primary way of life of traditional Sundanese people. Since the era of the [[Dutch East India Company]] (VOC), West Java has been known as a productive plantation area for coffee, tea, quinine, and many other cash crops. The mountainous region of West Java is also a major producer of vegetables and decorative flowering plants. The landscape of the province is one of volcanic mountains, rugged terrain, forest, mountains, rivers, fertile agricultural land, and natural sea harbours.<ref>Taylor (2003), p. 123.</ref>
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{{Pie chart
| caption=West Java GDP share by sector (2022)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://jabar.bps.go.id/publication/2023/02/28/57231a828abbfdd50a21fe31/provinsi-jawa-barat-dalam-angka-2023.html|title=Provinsi Jawa Barat Dalam Angka 2023|publisher=Statistics Indonesia|access-date=22 September 2023}}</ref>
| label1 =
| value1 =
| color1 =
| label2 =
| value2 =
| color2 =
| label3 = Other Industrial
| value3 = 10.10
| color3 = Yellow
| label4 =
| value4 =
| color4 =
}}
Initially, the economy of the [[Sundanese people]] in West Java relied heavily on [[rice]] cultivation. Ancient kingdoms established in the province such as the [[Tarumanagara]] and [[Sunda Kingdom]] are known to have relied on rice taxes and agriculture revenues. The cycle of life of the ancient Sundanese people revolved around the rice crop cycle. Traditional rice harvest festivals such as the [[Seren Taun]] were important. The ancient goddess of rice, [[Dewi Sri|Nyai Pohaci Sanghyang Asri]], is revered in Sundanese culture. Traditionally, Sundanese people often used dry rice cultivation (''ladang''). After the [[Mataram Sultanate|Mataram]] expanded to the Priangan area in the early 17th century following the [[Sultan Agung]] campaign against Dutch Batavia, ''sawah'' (wet rice cultivation) began to be adopted in the northern lowlands of West Java. Regencies such as [[Indramayu]], [[Cirebon]], [[Subang Regency|Subang]], [[Karawang]] and [[Bekasi]] are now well known as vital rice-producing areas. The mountainous region of West Java supplies vegetables, flower and much horticultural produce to Jakarta and Bandung, while animal farms in West Java produce dairy products and meats.
=== Colonial period ===
[[File:
During the entire Dutch colonial era, West Java fell under Dutch administration centered in [[Jakarta|Batavia]]. The Dutch colonial government introduced [[cash crops]] such as [[tea]], [[coffee]], and [[quinine]]. Since the 18th century, West Java (known as "De Preanger") was known as a productive plantation area and became integrated with global trade and economy. Services such as transportation and banking were provided to cater for wealthy Dutch plantation owners. West Java is known as one of the earliest developed regions in the Indonesian archipelago. In the early 20th century, the Dutch colonial government developed infrastructures for economic purposes, especially to support Dutch plantations in the region. Roads and railways were constructed to connect inland plantations area with urban centres such as Bandung and the port of Batavia.{{cn|date=December 2022}}
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=== Natural resources ===
[[File:
Based on the data from Indonesia State Secretary, the total area of rice fields in West Java Province in 2006 was 9,488,623 km which produced 9,418,882 tons of paddy in 2006, consisting of 9,103,800 tons rice field paddy and 315,082 tons farmland paddy. Palawija (non-rice food) production, reached 2,044,674 tons with productivity 179.28 quintal per ha. Nevertheless, the widest plant's width is for corn commodity which reaches 148,505 ha. West Java also produces horticulture consists of 2,938,624 tons vegetables, 3,193,744 tons fruits, and 159,871 tons medicines plants/ bio pharmacology.
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Due to its proximity to [[Jakarta]] and its growing population and industry, West Java has the longest tolled highway road of any provinces. As of April 2015, there are several toll roads in West Java
*[[Jakarta–Cikampek Toll Road]] (73 km)
*[[Depok–Antasari Toll Road]] (21.54 km)
*[[Bekasi–Cawang–Kampung Melayu Toll Road|Becakayu Toll Road]] (21.04 km)
*[[Cisumdawu Toll Road]] (60.5 km)
*[[Cipularang Toll Road]] (58.5 km)
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Most cities and towns in West Java are served with [[narrow-gauge]] (mainly [[3 ft 6 in gauge railways|1067mm]]) lines and connected to other provinces on Java Island. An example commuter rail in West Java which is [[Greater Bandung Commuter Line|Bandung Commuterline]] and [[KRL Commuterline]] electric suburban trains of [[Greater Jakarta]] covered the cities to [[KA Commuter Line Jakarta Kota–Bogor|Bogor]] and [[KA Commuter Line Jakarta Kota–Cikarang|Cikarang]], also [[Jabodebek LRT]] is a light rapid transit covered into [[Bekasi]], [[Depok]], and [[Bogor]] with [[Bekasi Line]] and [[Cibubur Line]].
A [[High-speed rail in Indonesia|high-speed railway]], connecting Jakarta and Bandung, was opened in October 2023.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://nasional.tempo.co/read/1778714/6-fakta-kcjb-whoosh-yang-diresmikan-jokowi-hari-ini | title = 6 Fakta KCJB Whoosh yang Diresmikan Jokowi Hari Ini | date = 2023-10-02 | access-date = 2023-10-29 |first=Daniel A. |last=Fajri|language=id|publisher=Tempo}}</ref> Then [[Jakarta MRT]] Phase 3 with Balaraja to Cikarang, will be under construction in 2024.<ref>{{cite web |last=Kamalina |first=Annasa Rizki |date=23 January 2023 |title=Jepang Alirkan Rp160 Triliun untuk Proyek MRT Cikarang-Balaraja, Konstruksi 2024 |url=https://ekonomi.bisnis.com/read/20230122/9/1620442/jepang-alirkan-rp160-triliun-untuk-proyek-mrt-cikarang-balaraja-konstruksi-2024 |newspaper=Bisnis com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Al Hikam |first=Herdi Alif |date=18 February 2023 |title=Cek! Rincian 48 Wilayah Bakal Dilewati MRT Fase 3 Cikarang-Balaraja |url=https://finance.detik.com/infrastruktur/d-6575266/cek-rincian-48-wilayah-bakal-dilewati-mrt-fase-3-cikarang-balaraja |newspaper=finance.detik.com |access-date=20 July 2023 |archive-date=8 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230308020329/https://finance.detik.com/infrastruktur/d-6575266/cek-rincian-48-wilayah-bakal-dilewati-mrt-fase-3-cikarang-balaraja |url-status=dead }}</ref>
=== Air ===
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