Statistical hypothesis test: Difference between revisions

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{{Short description|Method of statistical inference}}

{{Common Test Statistics}}

[[File:Common_Test_Statistics_Chart.png|thumb|The above image shows a table with some of the most common [[test statistic]]s and their corresponding tests or models.]]

A '''statistical hypothesis test''' is a method of statistical inference used to decide whether the data provide sufficient evidence to reject a particular hypothesis. A statistical hypothesis test typically involves a calculation of a [[test statistic]]. Then a decision is made, either by comparing the test statistic to a [[Critical value (statistics)|critical value]] or equivalently by evaluating a [[p-value|''p''-value]] computed from the test statistic. Roughly 100 [[list of statistical tests|specialized statistical tests]] are in use and noteworthy.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Lewis |first1=Nancy D. |last2=Lewis |first2=Nigel Da Costa |last3=Lewis |first3=N. D. |title=100 Statistical Tests in R: What to Choose, how to Easily Calculate, with Over 300 Illustrations and Examples |date=2013 |publisher=Heather Hills Press |isbn=978-1-4840-5299-0 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wIs7mwEACAAJ |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Kanji |first1=Gopal K. |title=100 Statistical Tests |date=18 July 2006 |publisher=SAGE |isbn=978-1-4462-2250-8 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=c16MhjA4pHgC |language=en}}</ref>

==History==

{{See also|History of probability}}