Indian diaspora: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 02:44, 11 May 2007

Latest revision as of 07:38, 24 August 2025

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{{Other uses|Indigenous peoples of the Americas|Non-status Indian}}

{{Unreferenced|date=April 2007}}

{{CleanupUse dmy dates|date=SeptemberJanuary 20062020|cs1-dates=y}}

{{Use Indian English|date=January 2015}}

:''"NRI" redirects here. For other meanings, see [[NRI (disambiguation)]]''

{{Infobox ethnic group

| group = Non-resident Indians, people of Indian origin and overseas citizens of India

| native_name = {{collapsible list

|titlestyle = text-align:center; font-size:85%;

|title = {{nobold|Other official languages:}}

|{{Infobox|subbox=yes|bodystyle= font-size:80%;

| rowclass1 = mergedrow| label1 = [[Assamese language|Assamese]]: | data1 = {{lang|as|ভাৰতীয় প্ৰব্ৰজনকাৰী}}

| rowclass2 = mergedrow| label2 = [[Bengali language|Bengali]]: | data2 = {{lang|bn|ভারতীয় প্রবাসী}}

A '''non-resident [[India]]n (NRI)''' is an [[Indian nationality law|Indian citizen]] who has [[emigration|migrated]] to another country. Other terms with the same meaning are '''overseas Indian''' and '''expatriate Indian'''.{{Fact|date=March 2007}} For tax and other official purpose the government of India considers any Indian national away from India for more than 183 days in a year an NRI.{{Fact|date=March 2007}} In common usage, this often includes Indian born individuals (and also people of other nations with Indian blood) who have taken the citizenship of other countries.

| rowclass3 = mergedrow| label3 = [[Boro language (India)|Bodo]]: | data3 = {{lang|brx|भारतीय प्रवासी}}

A '''Person of Indian Origin''' (PIO) is usually a person of [[Demographics of India|Indian origin]] who is not a citizen of India. For the purposes of issuing a [[PIO Card]], the Indian government considers anyone of Indian origins up to four generations removed, to be a PIO.[http://www.indianembassy.org/policy/PIO/Introduction_PIO.html]. Spouses of people entitled to a PIO card in their own right can also carry PIO cards. This latter category includes foreign spouses of Indian nationals, regardless of ethnic origin. PIO Cards exempt holders from many restrictions applying to foreign nationals, such as visa and work permit requirements, along with certain other economic limitations.

| rowclass4 = mergedrow| label4 = [[Dogri language|Dogri]]: | data4 = {{lang|doi|भारतीय प्रवासी}}

The NRI and PIO population across the world is estimated at over 30 million (not including [[Pakistan]]i, [[Bangladesh]]i, [[Sri Lankan Tamil diaspora|Sri Lankan]] or [[Roma people|Roma]] diaspora). For examples of prominent NRIs, see [[List of NRIs]].

| rowclass5 = mergedrow| label5 = [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]]: | data5 = {{lang|gu|ભારતીય પ્રવાસી}}

The Indian government recently introduced the "[[Overseas Citizenship of India (OCI)]]" scheme in order to allow a limited form of [[dual citizenship]] to Indians, NRIs and PIOs for the first time since independence in 1947. It is expected that the [[PIO Card]] scheme will be phased out in coming years in favour of OCI.

| rowclass6 = mergedrow| label6 = [[Hindi]]: | data6 = {{lang|hi|भारतीय प्रवासी}}

==Moving on out==

The most significant historical emigration from India was that of the [[Roma people|Roma]] (often known as "Gypsies"). Around the eleventh century, Muslim invaders in the subcontinent took many [[India]]ns as captives to Afghanistan. These people then went to Iran and other parts of the Middle East as wandering court musicians. They gradually became a class of their own, wandering to Europe, where they were known as the [[Gypsies]], (based on an account of their origins lying in [[Egypt]]). They adopted local religions such as [[Christianity]] and [[Islam]], but combined some of their [[Hindu]] practices with the new faiths. The cult of Romani Christian saint [[Kali Sarah]] may have been a Christianization of the Hindu goddess [[Kali]]. They also speak a distinct [[Indo-Aryan languages|Indo-Aryan language]] of their own, [[Romani language|Romani]]. Another major emigration from the subcontinent was to [[South East Asia]]. It started as a military expedition by [[Hindu]], and later [[Buddhist]], kings of South India and resulted in the settlers' merging with the local society. The influence of Indian culture is still strongly felt in South East Asia, especially in places like [[Bali]] (in [[Indonesia]]). However, in such cases, it is not reasonable to apply the label 'PIO' to the descendants of emigrants from several centuries back, especially since intermixture is so great as to negate the value of such nomenclature in this context.

| rowclass7 = mergedrow| label7 = [[Kannada]]: | data7 = {{lang|kn|ಭಾರತೀಯ ವಲಸೆಗಾರರು}}

During the nineteenth century and until the end of the [[British Raj|Raj]], much of the migration that happened was to other colonies under the indenture system. The major destinations, in chronological order, were [[Mauritius]], [[British Guyana]], the [[West Indies]] ([[Trinidad]] and [[Jamaica]]), [[Fiji]] and [[East Africa]]. There was also a small amount of free emigration of skilled laborers and professionals to some of these countries in the twentieth century. The event that triggered this diaspora was the [[Slavery Abolition Act]] passed by the British Parliament on [[August 1]] [[1834]], which freed the slave labour force throughout the British colonies. This left many of the plantations devoid of adequate work force as the newly freed slaves left to take advantage of their newly found freedom. This resulted in an extreme shortage of labour throughout many of the British colonies which was resolved by a massive importation of workers engaged under contracts of indentured servitude.

| rowclass8 = mergedrow| label8 = [[Kashmiri language|Kashmiri]]: | data8 = {{lang|ks|بھارتی نازک}}

An unrelated system involved recruitment of workers for the tea plantations of the neighboring British colonies of [[Sri Lanka]] and [[Burma]] and the rubber plantations of British [[Malaya]] (now [[Malaysia]] and [[Singapore]]).

like [[Australia]] and [[New Zealand]].

| rowclass9 = mergedrow| label9 = [[Konkani language|Konkani]]: | data9 = {{lang|kok|भारतीय प्रवासी लोक}}

After the 1970s oil boom in the [[Middle East]], a large number of Indians emigrated to the Gulf countries. However, this was on a contractual basis rather than permanent as in the other cases. These Gulf countries have a common policy of not naturalizing non-Arabs, no matter if they are born there.

| rowclass10 = mergedrow| label10 = [[Maithili language|Maithili]]: | data10 = {{lang|mai|भारतीय प्रवासी}}

==PIOs today==

===Indians in the U.S.===

{{Main|Indian American}} {{See|South Asian American}}

| rowclass11 = mergedrow| label11 = [[Malayalam]]: | data11 = {{lang|ml|ഇന്ത്യൻ പ്രവാസികൾ}}

Indian imigration to North America started as early as 1890s.A Sikh-Canadian community has existed in Abbotsford, BC Canada for over 100 years. The 1911 Gurdwara (Sikh Temple) on South Fraser Way in Abbotsford is Canada’s, and perhaps North America’s, oldest extant Sikh Temple. Emigration to the U.S. also started at the same time in the late 19th and earlt 20th century, when some of the Sikhs arriving in Vancouver found that the fact that they were subjects of Bitish Empire didnot mean anything in the Empire(Canada) itself and they were blatantly discriminated against, some of these poineers entered the U.S or landed in [[Seattle]] and [[San Francisco]] as the ships that carried them from Asia often stopped at these ports. Most of these immigrants were Sikhs from the [[Punjab region]] in [[British India]] which is now divided between India and Pakistan. They were referred to in the U.S. as ''Hindus'' (due to a common American misconception that everyone in India was a [[Hindu]] and also for want of a term that distinguished these immigrants from [[Native Americans in the United States|Native Americans]] who were also called Indians). Due to a restriction on immigration of their women from India, which was banned under the racist immigration laws passed by the US government in 1917 at the behest of California and other states in the west, that had seen a large influx of Chinese, Japanese and Punjabi immigrants during and after the gold rush. As a result a large number of these men married [[Mexican]] women in [[California]]. A fair number of these families settled down in the ''Central Valley'' in California as farmers, and continue to this day. These early immigrants were denied voting rights, family re-unification and citizenahip. In 1923 the [[US Supreme Court]] in [[United States v. Bhagat Singh Thind]] case ruled that people from India (at the time, British India, e.g. South Asians) are aliens ineligible for citizenship in became a citizen a few years later in [[New York]]--[[Bhagat Singh Thind]] was a [[Sikh]] from [[India]] settled in [[Oregon]], he had earlier applied and been rejected in [[Oregon]].[http://www.pbs.org/rootsinthesand/i_bhagat1.html]. After World War 2 family re-unification was allowed again for people of non-white origin after being banned for almost half a century and they were given the right to vote. A large number of the men that arrived before 1940's were finally able to bring their families to the [[US]], most of them settled in [[California]] and other West coast states.

| rowclass12 = mergedrow| label12 = [[Marathi language|Marathi]]: | data12 = {{lang|mr|भारतीय डायस्पोरा}}

Another wave entered the U.S. in the 50's, 60's, 1970s and 1980s. A large proportion of them were [[Sikhs]] joining their family members under the new color-blind immigration laws and professionals or students that came from all over India. The Cold War created a need for engineers in the defense and aerospace industries, many of whom came from India (and many of them came from [[Indian Institutes of Technology#Brain drain|IIT]]). By the late 1980s and early 1990s [[Gujarati]] and [[South Indian]] immigrants outnumbered [[sikhs]] or [[punjabis]] as new arrivals, though all communties had pretty much even representation in overall [[Indian-american]] numbers.

| rowclass13 = mergedrow| label13 = [[Meitei language|Meitei]]: | data13 = {{lang|mni|ঈন্দিঅ গি মাযাঙ লেইবাক্}}

The most recent and probably the largest wave of immigration to date occurred in the late 1990s and early 2000 during the Internet boom. As a result, Indians in the U.S. are now one of the largest among the groups of Indian [[diaspora]], numbering about 2.5 million. In contrast to the previous sets of Indians who entered the US workforce as taxi drivers, laborers, farmers or small business owners, the latest set went on to be very successful financially thanks to the hitech industry, and are thus probably one of the most well off community of immigrants. They are well represented in all walks of life, but particularly so in [[academia]], [[information technology]] and [[medicine]]. There were over 4,000 PIO professors and 33,000 Indian-born students in American universities in 1997-98. The American Association of the Physicians of Indian Origin boasts a membership of 35,000. In 2000, [[Fortune (magazine)|Fortune magazine]] estimated the wealth generated by Indian [[Silicon Valley]] entrepreneurs at around $250 billion.

| rowclass14 = mergedrow| label14 = [[Nepali language|Nepali]]: | data14 = {{lang|ne|भारतीय प्रवासी}}

Though the Indian diaspora in the US is largely concentrated in metropolitan areas such as [[Philadelphia]], [[Atlanta]], [[Chicago]], [[Los Angeles]], [[New York]], [[San Francisco]], and [[Houston]], almost every state in the US has a community of Indians.

| rowclass15 = mergedrow| label15 = [[Odia language|Odia]]: | data15 = {{lang|or|ଭାରତୀୟ ପ୍ରବାସୀ}}

====Statistics on Indians in the US====

{{Mergeto|Indian American|date=January 2007}}

In the year 2002, of the entire total 1,063,732 immigrants to USA from all the countries, as many as 66,864 were from India. According to the US census, the overall growth rate for Indians from 1990 to 2000 was 105.87 per cent. The average growth rate for the whole of USA was only 7.6 per cent.

| rowclass16 = mergedrow| label16 = [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]: | data16 = {{lang|pa|ਭਾਰਤੀ ਡਾਇਸਪੋਰਾ}}

Indians comprise 16.4 per cent of the Asian-American community. They are the second largest in the Asian American population. In 2000, of all the foreign born population in USA, Indians were 1.007 million. Their percentage was 3.5 per cent. From 2000 onwards the growth rate and the per cent rate of Indians amongst all the immigrants has increased by over 100 times.

| rowclass17 = mergedrow| label17 = [[Sanskrit]]: | data17 = {{lang|sa|भारतीय प्रवासी}}

Between 1990 and 2000, the Indian population in the US grew 113% - 10 times the national average of 13%.

Source: US Census Bureau

| rowclass18 = mergedrow| label18 = [[Santali language|Santali]]: | data18 = {{lang|sat|ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱰᱟᱭᱥᱯᱳᱨᱟ}}

Today, Indian Americans are the second largest [[Asian American]] ethnic group following the [[Chinese American]] community.<ref name="US Census Bureau, Chinese or in any combination">{{cite web |url=http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/IPTable?_bm=y&-geo_id=01000US&-qr_name=ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201&-qr_name=ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201PR&-qr_name=ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201T&-qr_name=ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201TPR&-reg=ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201:035;ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201PR:035;ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201T:035;ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201TPR:035&-ds_name=ACS_2005_EST_G00_&-_lang=en&-format=|coauthors=United States Census Bureau|title=US demographic census|accessdate=2006-12-16}}</ref><ref name="US Census Bureau, Filipino or in any combination">{{cite web |url=http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/IPTable?_bm=y&-geo_id=01000US&-qr_name=ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201&-qr_name=ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201PR&-qr_name=ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201T&-qr_name=ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201TPR&-reg=ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201:038;ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201PR:038;ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201T:038;ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201TPR:038&-ds_name=ACS_2005_EST_G00_&-_lang=en&-format=|coauthors=United States Census Bureau|title=US demographic census|accessdate=2006-11-19}}</ref><ref name="US Census Bureau, Asian Indian or in any combination">{{cite web |url=http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/IPTable?_bm=y&-geo_id=01000US&-qr_name=ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201&-qr_name=ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201PR&-qr_name=ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201T&-qr_name=ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201TPR&-reg=ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201:032;ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201PR:032;ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201T:032;ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201TPR:032&-ds_name=ACS_2005_EST_G00_&-_lang=en&-format=|coauthors=United States Census Bureau|title=US demographic census|accessdate=2006-11-19}}</ref>

| rowclass19 = mergedrow| label19 = [[Sindhi language|Sindhi]]: | data19 = {{lang|sd|هندستاني ڊاسپورا}}

Indians own 50% of all economy lodges and 35% of all hotels in the US, which have a combined market value of almost $40 billion.

Source: Little India Magazine

| rowclass20 = mergedrow| label20 = [[Tamil language|Tamil]]: | data20 = {{lang|ta|இந்திய புலம்பெயர்ந்தோர்}}

One in every nine Indians in the US is a millionaire, comprising 10% of US millionaires.

Source: 2003 Merrill Lynch SA Market Study

| rowclass21 = mergedrow| label21 = [[Telugu language|Telugu]]: | data21 = {{lang|te|భారతీయ డయాస్పోరా}}

A University of California, Berkeley, study reported that one-third of the engineers in Silicon Valley are of Indian descent, while 7% of valley hi-tech firms are led by Indian CEOs.

Source: Silicon India Readership Survey

| rowclass22 = mergedrow| label22 = [[Urdu]]: | data22 = {{lang|ur|ہندوستانی ڈائاسپورا}}

Indians along with other Asians, have the highest educational qualifications of all ethnic groups in the US. Almost 67% of all Indians have a bachelor’s or high degree (compared to 28% nationally). Almost 40% of all Indians have a master’s, doctorate or other professional degree, which is five times the national average.

Source: The Indian American Centre for Political Awareness.

}}

===Timeline===

}}

* 1790 The first known Indian immigrant entered the United States as a maritime worker.

| native_name_lang =

* 1897-1914 significant numbers of [[Sikh]] [[Punjabi]] immigrants settle in California most of them being farmers, settled in rural areas or small towns.

| flag = [[File:Flag of India.svg|border|250px]]

* 1917 The [[Barred Zone Act]] passes in Congress through two-thirds majority, overriding President [[Woodrow Wilson]]'s earlier veto. Asians, including Indians, are barred from immigrating to the U.S.

| flag_caption = [[Flag of India]]

* 1923 The [[US Supreme Court]] in [[United States v. Bhagat Singh Thind]] case rules that people from India (at the time, British India, e.g. South Asians) are aliens ineligible for citizenship in becomes a citizen a few years later in [[New York]]--[[Bhagat Singh Thind]] was a [[Sikh]] from [[India]] settled in [[Oregon]], he had earlier applied and been rejected in [[Oregon]].[http://www.pbs.org/rootsinthesand/i_bhagat1.html]

| population = '''{{Circa|35,421,987|lk=yes}}'''{{Efn|November 2024 Indian [[Ministry of External Affairs (India)|Ministry of External Affairs]] estimate}}<ref name="POI" />

* 1928 [[Dhan Gopal Mukerji]] wins the [[Newbery Medal]], and thus becomes the first successful India-born man of letters in the United States.

| region1 = {{flag|United States}}

* 1943 Republican [[Clara Booth Luce]] and Democrat [[Emanuel Celler]] introduce a bill to open naturalization to Indian immigrants to the US. Prominent Americans [[Pearl Buck]], [[Louis Fischer]], [[Albert Einstein]] and [[Robert Millikan]] give their endorsement to the bill. President [[Franklin Roosevelt]] also endorses the bill, calling for an end to the "statutory discrimination against the Indians".

| pop1 = 5,160,203<ref name="ACS 2023">{{cite web |url=https://data.census.gov/table/ACSDT1Y2023.B02018 |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau |access-date=2024-09-21 |title=US Census Data}}</ref>

* 1946 President [[Harry Truman]] signs into law the [[Luce-Celler Act of 1946]], returning the right to Indian Americans to immigrate and naturalize.

| region2 = {{flag|United Arab Emirates}}

* 1956 [[Dalip Singh Saund]] elected to the [[US House of Representatives]] from [[California]]. He was re-elected to a 2nd and 3rd term, winning over 60% of the votes. He is also the first Asian immigrant to be elected to Congress.

| pop2 = 4,425,144<ref name="POI"/><ref name="Pew research">{{Cite news |date=3 March 2017 |title=India is a top source and destination for world's migrants |work=Pew Research Center |url=http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2017/03/03/india-is-a-top-source-and-destination-for-worlds-migrants/ |url-status=live |access-date=7 March 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225053252/http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2017/03/03/india-is-a-top-source-and-destination-for-worlds-migrants/ |archive-date=25 December 2018}}</ref>

* 1965 President [[Lyndon Johnson]] signs the [[INS Act of 1965]] into law, eliminating per-country immigration quotas and introducing immigration on the basis of professional experience and education.

| region3 = {{flag|Saudi Arabia}}

* 2005 [[US Congress]] passes House Resolution 227 honoring Indian Americans.

| pop3 = 1,884,476-2,594,947<ref>{{Cite web |title=Saudi Arabia 2023 Census |work=Ministry of External Affairs, Government of India |url=https://www.mea.gov.in/population-of-overseas-indians.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231008153753/https://www.mea.gov.in/population-of-overseas-indians.htm |archive-date=8 October 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Indians Overseas Census |work=Ministry of External Affairs, Government of India |url=https://www.mea.gov.in/population-of-overseas-indians.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231008153753/https://www.mea.gov.in/population-of-overseas-indians.htm |archive-date=8 October 2023}}</ref>

| region4 = {{flag|Malaysia}}

| pop4 = 2,019,600<ref name="penerangan Malaysia">{{cite web| title =Population by States and Ethnic Group| url =http://pmr.penerangan.gov.my/index.php/info-terkini/19463-unjuran-populasi-penduduk-2015.html| date =2015| website =penerangan.gov.my| publisher =Department of Information, Ministry of Communications and Multimedia, Malaysia| access-date =7 August 2023 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20160212125740/http://pmr.penerangan.gov.my/index.php/info-terkini/19463-unjuran-populasi-penduduk-2015.html| archive-date =12 February 2016|url-status=live}}</ref>

| region5 = {{flag|Myanmar}}

| pop5 = 2,009,207<ref name="POI"/><ref name="rediff.com">{{cite web|title=In limbo: The stateless Indians of Myanmar|url=http://www.rediff.com/news/report/in-limbo-the-stateless-indians-of-myanmar/20111014.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304065709/http://www.rediff.com/news/report/in-limbo-the-stateless-indians-of-myanmar/20111014.htm|archive-date=4 March 2016|website=Rediff.com}}</ref>

| region6 = {{flag|United Kingdom}}

| pop6 = 1,927,150<br/>{{Flag|England}}: 1,843,248 – 3.3%<ref name=2021census>{{cite web|url=https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/culturalidentity/ethnicity/bulletins/ethnicgroupenglandandwales/census2021|title=Ethnic group, England and Wales: Census 2021|publisher=Office for National Statistics|access-date=29 November 2022}}</ref><br>{{Flag|Scotland}}: 52,951 – 1.0%<ref name="2022census_Scot">{{cite web |url=https://www.scotlandscensus.gov.uk/media/trbdxzme/scotland-s-census-2022-ethnic-group-national-identity-language-and-religion-chart-data.xlsx |title=Scotland's Census 2022 - Ethnic group, national identity, language and religion - Chart data |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=21 May 2024 |website=Scotland's Census |publisher=[[National Records of Scotland]] |access-date=21 May 2024}} [https://www.scotlandscensus.gov.uk/search-the-census#/search-by Alternative URL] 'Search data by ___location' > 'All of Scotland' > 'Ethnic group, national identity, language and religion' > 'Ethnic Group'</ref><br>{{Flag|Wales}}: 21,070 – 0.7%<ref name=2021census/><br/>{{flag|Northern Ireland}}: 9,881 – 0.5%<ref name=NICensus2021>{{cite web|url=https://www.nisra.gov.uk/system/files/statistics/census-2021-ms-b01.xlsx|title=MS-B01: Ethnic group|publisher=Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency|date= 22 September 2022|access-date=7 January 2023}}</ref>

| region7 = {{flag|Canada}}

| pop7 = 1,858,755<ref name="Canada Census">{{cite web| title =''Census Profile.'' 2021 Census of Population| url =https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?LANG=E&GENDERlist=1,2,3&STATISTIClist=1&DGUIDlist=2021A000011124&HEADERlist=31&SearchText=Canada| date =29 March 2023| website =statcan.gc.ca| publisher =Statistics Canada| access-date =7 August 2023}}</ref>{{efn|name=NoteCanadaPopulation2021}}

| region8 = {{flag|South Africa}}

| pop8 = 1,697,506<ref name="statssa">{{cite web| title =Community Survey 2016 &ndash; Statistical Release| url =http://cs2016.statssa.gov.za/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/NT-30-06-2016-RELEASE-for-CS-2016-_Statistical-releas_1-July-2016.pdf| pages =31| date =2016| ___location =Pretoria| website =statssa.gov.za| publisher =Statistics South Africa| access-date =7 August 2023}}</ref>

| region9 = {{flag|Kuwait}}

| pop9 = 1,152,175<ref name="External Affairs Report" />

| region10 = {{flag|Oman}}

| pop10 = 680,000-1,375,667<ref name="Intl Migrant Stock">{{cite web| title =International Migrant Stock 2020| url =https://www.un.org/development/desa/pd/content/international-migrant-stock| date =2020| website =un.org| publisher =United Nations, Population Division| access-date =7 August 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| title =International Migrant Stock 2020| url =https://www.indemb-oman.gov.in/eoi.php?id=omanfs}}</ref>

| region11 = {{flag|Singapore}}

| pop11 = 812,000<ref name="singstat">{{cite web |title=Census of Population 2020 &ndash; Demographic Characteristics, Education, Language and Religion |url=https://www.singstat.gov.sg/-/media/files/publications/cop2020/sr1/cop2020sr1.pdf |pages=68 |quote =Indian Resident Population by Age Group, Detailed Ethnic Group and Sex |date=2020 |website=singstat.gov.sg |publisher=Department of Statistics, Singapore |access-date=7 August 2023}}</ref><ref name="et">{{cite web |title=How Singapore's job slowdown may impact non-resident Indians in city-state |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/nri/work/how-singapores-job-slowdown-may-impact-non-resident-indians-in-city-state/articleshow/101093118.cms |date=2023 |website=economictimes.indiatimes.com |publisher=[[The Economic Times]] |access-date=17 June 2025}}</ref>

| region12 = {{flag|Mauritius}}

| pop12 = 804,500-894,500<ref name="POI" /><ref name="External Affairs Report" />

| region13 = {{flag|Sri Lanka}}

| pop13 = 802,323<ref name="statistics Sri Lanka">{{cite web |title=''A2 : Population by ethnic group according to districts.'' Sri Lanka Census of Population and Housing |url=http://www.statistics.gov.lk/PopHouSat/CPH2011/index.php?fileName=pop42&gp=Activities&tpl=3 |date=2012 |website=statistics.gov.lk |publisher=Department of Census and Statistics, Sri Lanka |access-date=7 August 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180310011932/http://www.statistics.gov.lk/PopHouSat/CPH2011/index.php?fileName=pop42&gp=Activities&tpl=3 |archive-date=10 March 2018}}</ref>

| region14 = {{flag|Australia}}

| pop14 = 750,000-845,800<ref name="Indian Diaspora in Australia Collecting Project">{{cite web |url=https://www.library.gov.au/news-media/indian-diaspora-australia-collecting-project |title=Indian Diaspora in Australia Collecting Project &#124; National Library of Australia (NLA)}}</ref>

| region15 = {{flag|Qatar}}

| pop15 = 691,000<ref name=pop>{{cite web|url=https://www.gulf-times.com/story/588892/Indian-population-in-Qatar-touches-691-000 |title=Indian population in Qatar touches 691,000 |date=13 April 2018 |access-date=13 April 2018}}</ref>

| region16 = {{flag|Trinidad and Tobago}}

| pop16 = 468,524<ref name="Population of Overseas Indians">{{cite web |url=https://www.mea.gov.in/images/attach/NRIs-and-PIOs_1.pdf |title=Population of Overseas Indians |access-date=5 February 2025}}</ref>

| region17 = {{flag|Nepal}}

| pop17 = 426,941<ref name="Intl Migrant Stock"/>

| region18 = {{flag|Bahrain}}

| pop18 = 326,658<ref name="POI" />

| region19 = {{flag|Germany}}

| pop19 = 301,000<ref name="Statistisches Bundesamt">{{cite web| title =Bevölkerung in Privathaushalten 2024 nach Migrationshintergrund| url =https://www.destatis.de/DE/Themen/Gesellschaft-Umwelt/Bevoelkerung/Migration-Integration/Tabellen/migrationshintergrund-staatsangehoerigkeit-staaten.html| website =destatis.de| publisher =Statistisches Bundesamt (Federal Statistical Office, Germany)| access-date =16 June 2025}}</ref>

| region20 = {{flag|Guyana}}

| pop20 = 299,382-315,873<ref name="POI" />

| region21 = {{flag|Fiji}}

| pop21 = 313,798-315,198<ref name="POI" /><ref>[http://www.statsfiji.gov.fj/Tourism/tourmigstats_index.htm Fiji Islands Bureau of Statistics] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110709220811/http://www.statsfiji.gov.fj/Tourism/tourmigstats_index.htm |date=9 July 2011}}</ref>

| region22 = {{flag|Réunion}} ''([[Overseas France]])''

| pop22 = 297,300<ref name="POI" /><ref name="External Affairs Report">{{cite web |url=https://www.indembkwt.gov.in/Indian-community.php |title=Brief on Indian Community in Kuwait |access-date=5 February 2025}}</ref>

| region23 = {{flag|New Zealand}}

| pop23 = 292,092<ref name="Indian Diaspora">{{cite web |url=https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/indonz/537842/2024-in-review-a-year-of-milestones-for-the-indian-community-in-new-zealand |title=2024 in review: A year of milestones for the Indian community in New Zealand |website=[[Radio New Zealand]] |date=30 December 2024}}</ref>

| region24 = {{flag|Suriname}}

| pop24 = 148,443<ref name="Census">{{cite web |url=http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/sources/census/2010_PHC/Suriname/SUR-Census2012-vol1.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305071544/http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/sources/census/2010_PHC/Suriname/SUR-Census2012-vol1.pdf |archive-date=5 March 2016 |title=ALGEMEEN BUREAU voor de STATISTIEK |url-status=dead |access-date=5 February 2025}}</ref>

| region25 = {{flag|Indonesia}}

| pop25 = 120,000<ref>{{cite web| title = Sumatra's India Connect (2)| url =https://jakartaglobe.id/opinion/sumatras-india-connect-2| date =19 March 2021| website =jakartaglobe.id| access-date = 14 April 2024}}</ref>

| region26 = {{flag|Philippines}}

| pop26 = 120,000<ref name="mea.gov.in">{{Cite web |date=31 December 2018 |title=Population of Overseas Indians |url=http://mea.gov.in/images/attach/NRIs-and-PIOs_1.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225053337/http://mea.gov.in/error.htm?aspxerrorpath=%2Fimages%2Fattach%2FNRIs-and-PIOs_1.pdf |archive-date=25 December 2018 |access-date=18 April 2019 |publisher=[[Ministry of External Affairs (India)]]}}</ref>

| region27 = {{flag|Jamaica}}

| pop27 = 91,246-101,100

| region28 = {{flag|Kenya}}

| pop28 = 80,000-100,000<ref name="Multipolarity in East Africa: India’s Role in Kenya">{{cite web| url =https://www.swp-berlin.org/publikation/multipolarity-in-the-horn-of-africa-indias-role-in-kenya| title =Multipolarity in East Africa: India's Role in Kenya}}</ref>

| region29 = {{flag|Tanzania}}

| pop29 = 60,000<ref name="POI"/>

| region30 = {{flag|Spain}}

| pop30 = 57,000<ref name="ine.es">{{cite web| title =Resident population by date, sex, age group and country of birth| url =https://ine.es/jaxiT3/Datos.htm?t=56937| website =ine.es| publisher =Instituto Nacional de Estadística (National Statistics Institute, Spain)| access-date =15 February 2024}}</ref>

| region31 = {{flag|Japan}}

| pop31 = 53,974

| region32 = {{flag|Brazil}}

| pop32 = 26,565<ref>[https://www.nepo.unicamp.br/observatorio/bancointerativo/numeros-imigracao-internacional/sincre-sismigra/ Immigrants in Brazil (2024, in Portuguese)]</ref>

| languages = [[Languages of India]]

| religions = [[Hinduism in India|Hinduism]], [[Islam in India|Islam]], [[Sikhism]], [[Jainism]], [[Buddhism in India|Buddhism]], [[Zoroastrianism]], [[Christianity in India|Christianity]], [[Baháʼí Faith|Baháʼí]], [[Indian Jews|Judaism]]

}}

'''Overseas Indians''' ([[ISO 15919|ISO]]: {{IAST|Bhāratīya Pravāsī}}), officially '''Non-Resident Indians''' ('''NRIs''') and '''People of Indian Origin''' ('''PIOs'''), are people of Indian descent who reside or originate outside of [[India]] (Including those that were directly under the British Raj). According to the [[Government of India]], ''Non-Resident Indians'' are citizens of India who currently are not living in India, while the term ''People of Indian Origin'' refers to people of Indian birth or ancestry who are citizens of countries other than India (with some exceptions). [[Overseas Citizenship of India]] (OCI) is given to ''People of Indian Origin'' and to persons who are not ''People of Indian Origin'' but married to an ''Indian citizen'' or ''Person of Indian Origin''. Persons with OCI status are known as '''Overseas Citizens of India''' ('''OCIs''').<ref>{{cite web |title=Initiatives for Overseas Indians |url=https://www.cgisf.gov.in/page/initiatives-for-overseas-indians/ |publisher=Consulate General of India |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-date=2023-03-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326135725/https://www.cgisf.gov.in/page/initiatives-for-overseas-indians/ |url-status=live}}</ref> The OCI status is a permanent visa for visiting India with a foreign passport.

===Indians in the UK===

{{Main|British Asian}}

[[Image:bollywoodlondon.JPG|thumb|right|Bollywood movies are released commercially in the United Kingdom]]

The Indian emigrant community in the United Kingdom is now in its third generation. As an immigrant group, people of Indian origin have been remarkably successful.

According to the [[Ministry of External Affairs (India)|Ministry of External Affairs]] report updated on 26 November 2024, there are 35.4 million non-resident Indians (NRIs) and People of Indian Origins (PIOs) (including OCIs) residing outside India. The Indian diaspora comprise the world's largest overseas diaspora.<ref name="POI" /> Every year, 2.5 million (25 lakh) Indians immigrate overseas, making India the nation with the highest annual number of emigrants in the world.<ref>[https://www.news18.com/news/world/planning-to-study-work-in-canada-heres-why-tomorrows-election-could-amend-immigration-rules-4219631.html Planning to Study, Work in Canada? Here's Why Tomorrow's Election Could Amend Immigration Rules] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210920213949/https://www.news18.com/news/world/planning-to-study-work-in-canada-heres-why-tomorrows-election-could-amend-immigration-rules-4219631.html |date=20 September 2021}}, News18, SEPTEMBER 19, 2021.</ref>

A remarkable collection of the '''oral history of the British NRIs''' is available on Britain's leading NRI website [http://www.historytalking.com History Talking.com]. It's a web radio where you can listen to some of the leading NRIs living in the UK.

==Legal framework==

Stereotypes about Indians have now moved from their being bus-conductors, waiters, and small shopkeepers to their being doctors, lawyers, accountants and successful businesspeople.

===Non-resident Indian (NRI)===

Strictly, the term ''[[alien (law)|non-resident]] Indian'' refers only to the [[income tax|tax status]] of an Indian citizen who, as per section 6 of [[Income-tax Act, 1961|The Income-tax Act, 1961]], has not resided in India for a specified period for the purposes of the Income Tax Act.<ref name="itact" >{{Citation |title=Income Tax Act |date=18 December 2012 |url=http://law.incometaxindia.gov.in/DIT/Income-tax-acts.aspx |archive-url=https://archive.today/20121218153423/http://law.incometaxindia.gov.in/DIT/Income-tax-acts.aspx |access-date=9 September 2012 |archive-date=18 December 2012 |url-status=live}}</ref> The rates of income tax are different for persons who are "resident in India" and for NRIs. For the purposes of the Income Tax Act, "residence in India" requires stay in India of at least 182 days in a financial year or 365 days spread out over four consecutive years and at least 60 days in that year. According to the act, any Indian citizen who does not meet the criteria as a "resident of India" is a non-resident of India and is treated as NRI for paying income tax.

Seafarers are not considered NRIs. However, as they work out of India, often for more than 182 days, their income is taxed as that of NRIs while they enjoy all the other rights of a citizen.

Increasingly, the second and third generation of Indians has started inter-marrying with the rest of the population. This has caused tension between the "old traditional Indian parents" and the "new generation UK Indians". Many third generation Indians are combining the British and Indian cultures. Third generation Indians tend to have broader knowledge and range of experiences than previous generations which often conflicts with the views of the older more traditional parents or grandparents. As a result some of the new generation of Indians do not want to marry other stereotypical Indian men/women.

===Person of Indian Origin (PIO)===

In a few local areas, ethnic tension has resulted in ill-feeling and racist violence against immigrants, and groups such as the [[British National Party]] have exploited this. However, in general, racism towards people of Indian origin has greatly reduced from the early days of mass immigration after Partition and the expulsion of the Ugandan Indians.

A '''Person of Indian Origin''' ('''PIO''')<ref>PIO OCI Card - MEA, GOI https://mea.gov.in/Portal/CountryQuickLink/703_PIO-OCI.pdf {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210309025619/https://mea.gov.in/Portal/CountryQuickLink/703_PIO-OCI.pdf |date=9 March 2021}}</ref> means a foreign citizen (except a national of [[Pakistan]], [[Afghanistan]], [[Bangladesh]], [[China]], [[Iran]], [[Bhutan]], [[Sri Lanka]] and/or [[Nepal]]), who:

* previously held an Indian [[passport]],

* either of whose parents/grandparents/great-grandparents were born and permanently resided in India as defined in [[Government of India Act 1935|Government of India Act, 1935]] and other territories that became part of India thereafter provided neither was at any time a citizen of any of the aforesaid countries (as referred above), or

* is a spouse of a citizen of India or of a PIO.

===Overseas Citizenship of India (OCI)===

Indian culture has been constantly referenced within wider British culture, at first as an "exotic" influence in films like ''[[My Beautiful Laundrette]]'', but now increasingly as a familiar feature in films like ''[[Bend It Like Beckham]]''. [[Indian food]] is now regarded as part of the [[British cuisine]].

{{Main|Overseas Citizenship of India}}

After multiple efforts by leaders across the Indian political spectrum, a long term visa scheme was established. It is entitled the "Overseas Citizenship of India", and is commonly referred to as the ''OCI card''. The name is itself misleading, as it doesn't offer Indian citizenship. The [[Constitution of India]] does not permit full dual citizenship. The OCI card is effectively a long-term visa, with restrictions on voting rights and government jobs. The card is available to certain Overseas ex-Indians, and while it affords holders residency and other rights, it does have restrictions, and is not considered to be any type of Indian citizenship from a constitutional perspective.

According to the April 2001 UK National Census

[http://www.statistics.gov.uk/StatBase/Product.asp?vlnk=13675]

There are 1,051,800 people of Indian origin in the UK.

[[Prime Minister of India|Prime Minister]] [[Narendra Modi]] announced on 28 September 2014 that PIO and OCI cards would be merged.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Sharma |first=Reetu |date=2 March 2016 |title=Modi announces merging of OCI and POI cards, but how will it help: Explained |language=en |work=www.oneindia.com |agency=One India |url=http://www.oneindia.com/feature/modi-announces-merging-oci-poi-cards-but-how-will-it-help-explained-1531663.html |url-status=live |access-date=22 April 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170422122532/http://www.oneindia.com/feature/modi-announces-merging-oci-poi-cards-but-how-will-it-help-explained-1531663.html |archive-date=22 April 2017}}</ref> On 9 January 2015, the Person of Indian Origin Card scheme was withdrawn by the Government of India and was merged with the [[Overseas Citizen of India]] card scheme. PIO cardholders must apply to convert their existing cards into OCI cards. The [[Bureau of Immigration (India)|Bureau of Immigration]] stated that it would continue to accept the old PIO cards as valid travel documents until 31 December 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ministry of External Affairs |url=https://eoi.gov.in/eoisearch/MyPrint.php?17539?001/0004#:~:text=Government%20of%20India%20has%20decided,2023. |access-date=2023-10-10 |website=eoi.gov.in}}</ref>

They are the best educated and most economically successful of the South Asian immigrant communities, also exceeding the indigenous White/English. [http://www.statistics.gov.uk/downloads/theme_social/Social_Trends36/Social_Trends_36.pdf]

===Indians in MalaysiaComparison===

{| class="wikitable"

{{Main|Indian Malaysian|Chitty}}

|+ Comparison of Resident Indians, NRIS, PIOs and OCIs<ref>{{Citation |title=Comparative Chart on NRI/PIO/PIO CARD HOLDERS/OCI |date=15 June 2020 |url=http://mha.nic.in/pdfs/oci-chart.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090619061930/http://mha.nic.in/pdfs/oci-chart.pdf |access-date=15 June 2020 |archive-date=19 June 2009 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

Most Indians migrated to Malaysia as plantation laborers under British rule. They are a significant minority ethnic group, making up 7% of the Malaysian population. Most of these are [[Tamil people|Tamil]] but some [[Malayalam]]- and [[Telugu language|Telugu]]- speaking people are also present. They have retained their languages and religion -- 80% of ethnic Indians in Malaysia identify as Hindus. Hinduism in Malaysia diverges from mainstream (post-[[Vedanta|Vedantic]]) Hinduism: its main feature is Mother-goddess ([[Amman]]) worship; caste deities, [[tantra|tantric]] rituals, folk beliefs, non-[[Agamas (Hinduism)|Agamic]] [[temple]]s, and [[animal sacrifice]] are its other characteristics. [[Diwali|Deepavali]] and [[Thaipusam]] are the main festivals. However, there is an increase in agamic worship in Malaysia, due to the efforts of the [[Malaysian Hindu Sangam]] and several notable Hindu organitations in Malaysia.

! Category !! Indian passport<br/>(Indian Citizen) !! Resident <br/>in India !! Expatriate !! [[Income tax in India|Tax status]] !! OCI card !! Acts !! Notes

There is also a small community of Indian origin, the [[Chitty]], who are the descendants of Tamil traders who had emigrated before 1500 AD, and Chinese and Malay women. Considering themselves [[Tamil people|Tamil]], speaking [[Malay language|Malay]], and practicing Hinduism, they number about 2,000 today.

|-

! Indian (resident)

| Yes || Yes || No || Yes || No || [[Indian nationality law]]<br/>[[Passports Act]] ||

|-

! Non-resident Indian (NRI)

| Yes || No || Yes <br/>(of India) || No || No || [[Indian nationality law]]<br/>[[Passports Act]]<br/>[[Income-tax Act, 1961|IT Act, 1961]]<ref name="itact" /> ||

|-

! Person of Indian Origin (PIO){{ref|n1|1}} /<br/>[[Overseas Citizenship of India|Overseas Citizen of India]] (OCI){{ref|n2|2}}

| No || Yes (in India)<br/>else, No || Yes <br/>(in India) || Yes <br/>(if resident in India)<br/>else, No || Yes || [[Citizenship (Amendment) Act, 2003|Cit. (A) Act, 2003]]<br/>(Section 7A–D) || lifetime visa /<br/>[[permanent residency]]

|}

{| class="wikitable"

===Indians in Australia===

|+ PIOs and OCIs

! Foreign national !! OCI card eligible !! Exception !! Acts !! Status after attaining OCI

|-

! Person of Indian Origin (PIO)

| Yes || – || – || [[Overseas Citizenship of India#PIO OCIs|PIO OCI]]

|-

! Others

| No || Yes, if married to Indian citizen or PIO OCI<br/>for more than two years || [[Citizenship (Amendment) Act, 2003|Cit. (A) Act, 2003]]<br />(Section 7A(d)) || [[Overseas Citizenship of India#Non-PIO OCIs|Non-PIO OCI]]

|}

<small>'''Notes:'''</small>

It is said that the first Indian had come to Australia as part of Captain Cook's ship. Before roads and road transport was developed, many Indians had come to Australia to run Camel trains. These brave Indians were called Afghans and kept the communication and supply line open between Melbourne and the center of Australia. They would transport goods and mail over Camel backs in the desert. There is no descendent of these Afghans that I could get in touch with. Some of the earliest Punjabi arrivals in Australia included Sardar Beer Singh, Johal who came in 1895 and Sardar Narain Singh Heyer, who arrived in 1898. Many Punjabis took part in the rush for gold on the Victorian fields while numbers of Muslims from North Western Punjab region worked as camel drivers in the Central Australian desert.

:1. {{note|n1}}<small>People of Indian Origin (PIO) refers to people of Indian birth or ancestry who are not citizens of India, but are citizens of other nations. Those PIOs who have availed of the Overseas Citizenship of India status through OCI card are known as Overseas Citizen of India (OCI). The card issued to PIOs earlier known as PIO card has been merged into OCI card since 2014.</small>

:2. {{note|n2}}<small>Overseas Citizens of India can include both PIO OCIs and non-PIO OCIs. As additionally foreign nationals who marry Indian citizens can also avail of the OCI card and become OCI, thus Non-PIO OCIs are excluded here since they are not part of the Indian diaspora.</small>

==History of emigration from India==

More Indians came to Australia more than fifty years ago while both Australia and India were British colonies. These enterprising Sikhs came to work on the Banana Plantations in Southern Queensland. Today a large number of them live in the town of Wolgoolga (roughly half way between Sydney and Brisbane on the highway). These people have their own Banana Farms and are quite rich. Their riches have come by hard work. There are two Sikh temples in Wolgoolga. One of them even has a Museum on Sikhism. A large number of British and Anglo Indians who born in India migrated to Australia after 1947. These British citizens decided to settle in Australia in large numbers but are still counted as 'Indian' Nationals in the Census. You will be surprised to find that a full blooded Australian looking old man will whisper to you in Hindi or Urdu. The third wave of Indians came about 25 years ago, just after Australia abandoned its Whites Only policy. Yes, this is a little known fact that Australia until recently was a whites only country. This policy was abolished and many Teachers and Doctors came to settle in Australia. Another big influx began with the silicon chi revolution. Large number of Indian Computer Software professional started arriving in Australia from 1976 onwards. Today it is hard to go to an IT shop and not find a few Indians working there. When a military coupe took place in Fiji almost a decade ago and

===Arabian peninsula===

Today there is a large Fiji Indian population in Australia who call Australia there home. These Fiji Indians have changed the face of Indian Australia. While most earlier Indian migration was that of educated professionals, these new Fiji Indians were more dynamic and business going. Their arrival has increased the services enjoyed by all Indians.

{{See also|Indians in Oman|Aden Protectorate}}

===Central Asia===

The current wave of Indian migration is that of Engineers, tool makers from India, Gujrati business families from Africa and second level relatives of settled Indians. Most Gujrati families go into business. Engineers and Tool Makers, most of them, find a dead end of job. Being as enterprising as many Indians are, they either go back to College and study programming to land a decent and stable job. Others are venturing into their own businesses. September,98 A new wave of Indian immigrants has hit Australia. Starved of government funding, Australian education institutes are desperately recruiting full fee paying overseas students. Many universities have permanent representatives stationed in India and other Asian countries. Their efforts have been rewarded and a new influx of Indian students is entering Australia. It is estimated that Canberra University which is one of about two dozen universities is recruiting about 500 students every year for last four years. Many regional universities like University of Ballarratt have opened campus in Sydney to cater to these foreign students. Many of these students have paid large sums of fees and are looking for work to support themselves. This has started the transformation the working class. In 1986 a flux of non-skilled Indian immigrants meant that you could see white Australians being replaced by Indians in cleaning jobs.

Narimsimhan et al. (2019)<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Narasimhan |first1=Vagheesh M. |last2=Patterson |first2=Nick |last3=Moorjani |first3=Priya |last4=Rohland |first4=Nadin |last5=Bernardos |first5=Rebecca |last6=Mallick |first6=Swapan |last7=Lazaridis |first7=Iosif |last8=Nakatsuka |first8=Nathan |last9=Olalde |first9=Iñigo |last10=Lipson |first10=Mark |last11=Kim |first11=Alexander M. |last12=Olivieri |first12=Luca M. |last13=Coppa |first13=Alfredo |last14=Vidale |first14=Massimo |last15=Mallory |first15=James |last16=Moiseyev |first16=Vyacheslav |last17=Kitov |first17=Egor |last18=Monge |first18=Janet |last19=Adamski |first19=Nicole |last20=Alex |first20=Neel |last21=Broomandkhoshbacht |first21=Nasreen |last22=Candilio |first22=Francesca |last23=Callan |first23=Kimberly |last24=Cheronet |first24=Olivia |last25=Culleton |first25=Brendan J. |last26=Ferry |first26=Matthew |last27=Fernandes |first27=Daniel |last28=Freilich |first28=Suzanne |last29=Gamarra |first29=Beatriz |last30=Gaudio |first30=Daniel |last31=Hajdinjak |first31=Mateja |last32=Harney |first32=Éadaoin |last33=Harper |first33=Thomas K. |last34=Keating |first34=Denise |last35=Lawson |first35=Ann Marie |last36=Mah |first36=Matthew |last37=Mandl |first37=Kirsten |last38=Michel |first38=Megan |last39=Novak |first39=Mario |last40=Oppenheimer |first40=Jonas |last41=Rai |first41=Niraj |last42=Sirak |first42=Kendra |last43=Slon |first43=Viviane |last44=Stewardson |first44=Kristin |last45=Zalzala |first45=Fatma |last46=Zhang |first46=Zhao |last47=Akhatov |first47=Gaziz |last48=Bagashev |first48=Anatoly N. |last49=Bagnera |first49=Alessandra |last50=Baitanayev |first50=Bauryzhan |last51=Bendezu-Sarmiento |first51=Julio |last52=Bissembaev |first52=Arman A. |last53=Bonora |first53=Gian Luca |last54=Chargynov |first54=Temirlan T. |last55=Chikisheva |first55=Tatiana |last56=Dashkovskiy |first56=Petr K. |last57=Derevianko |first57=Anatoly |last58=Dobeš |first58=Miroslav |last59=Douka |first59=Katerina |last60=Dubova |first60=Nadezhda |last61=Duisengali |first61=Meiram N. |last62=Enshin |first62=Dmitry |last63=Epimakhov |first63=Andrey |last64=Fribus |first64=Alexey V. |last65=Fuller |first65=Dorian |last66=Goryachev |first66=Alexander |last67=Gromov |first67=Andrey |last68=Grushin |first68=Sergey P. |last69=Hanks |first69=Bryan |last70=Judd |first70=Margaret |last71=Kazizov |first71=Erlan |last72=Khokhlov |first72=Aleksander |last73=Krygin |first73=Aleksander P. |last74=Kupriyanova |first74=Elena |last75=Kuznetsov |first75=Pavel |last76=Luiselli |first76=Donata |last77=Maksudov |first77=Farhod |last78=Mamedov |first78=Aslan M. |last79=Mamirov |first79=Talgat B. |last80=Meiklejohn |first80=Christopher |last81=Merrett |first81=Deborah C. |last82=Micheli |first82=Roberto |last83=Mochalov |first83=Oleg |last84=Mustafokulov |first84=Samariddin |last85=Nayak |first85=Ayushi |last86=Pettener |first86=Davide |last87=Potts |first87=Richard |last88=Razhev |first88=Dmitry |last89=Rykun |first89=Marina |last90=Sarno |first90=Stefania |last91=Savenkova |first91=Tatyana M. |last92=Sikhymbaeva |first92=Kulyan |last93=Slepchenko |first93=Sergey M. |last94=Soltobaev |first94=Oroz A. |last95=Stepanova |first95=Nadezhda |last96=Svyatko |first96=Svetlana |last97=Tabaldiev |first97=Kubatbek |last98=Teschler-Nicola |first98=Maria |last99=Tishkin |first99=Alexey A. |display-authors=1 |last100=Tkachev |first100=Vitaly V. |last101=Vasilyev |first101=Sergey |last102=Velemínský |first102=Petr |last103=Voyakin |first103=Dmitriy |last104=Yermolayeva |first104=Antonina |last105=Zahir |first105=Muhammad |last106=Zubkov |first106=Valery S. |last107=Zubova |first107=Alisa |last108=Shinde |first108=Vasant S. |last109=Lalueza-Fox |first109=Carles |last110=Meyer |first110=Matthias |last111=Anthony |first111=David |last112=Boivin |first112=Nicole |last113=Thangaraj |first113=Kumarasamy |last114=Kennett |first114=Douglas J. |last115=Frachetti |first115=Michael |last116=Pinhasi |first116=Ron |last117=Reich |first117=David |title=The formation of human populations in South and Central Asia |journal=Science |date=6 September 2019 |volume=365 |issue=6457 |doi=10.1126/science.aat7487 |pmid=31488661 |pmc=6822619}}</ref> have found that there was an "Indus periphery" population living in [[Central Asia]] during the [[Bronze Age]]. They had migrated from the [[Indus Valley Civilisation]] and had settled down in [[Bactria–Margiana Archaeological Complex|BMAC]] settlements to trade, this is corroborated by the discovery of Indus Valley seals in Central Asia.<ref>Possehl, Gregory L, The Indus Civilization: A Contemporary Perspective, New Delhi: Dev Publishers & Distributor, 2002, Page 231</ref>

The modern Indian merchant diaspora in [[Central Asia]] and [[Arabia]] emerged in the mid-16th century and remained active for over four centuries.

In 1998 we have started seeing the replacement of counter staff and chefs at McDonalds and other places by young, bright and attentive Indian students. I guess the plight of Indian students in Australia is that of Indian student migration to USA during the 1970's. We will see many of these young boys becoming future millionaires in Australia in the year 2010 and beyond.

Multani people from [[Multan]], [[Shikarpur, Sindh|Shikarpur]] and [[Mawar]] of both Hindu and Muslim background acted as bankers and merchants in [[Safavid]] Persia. Hindu merchants in [[Hamadan]] were massacred by [[Ottoman Empire|Ottomans]] as stated by an Armenian, with the Indian merchant community plummeting due to the [[Ottoman–Hotaki War (1726–1727)|Ottoman and Afghan wars in Iran (1722–27)]].<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia |title=India vii. Relations: the Afsharid and Zand Periods |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Iranica |url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/india-vii-relations-the-afsharid-and-zand-periods |access-date=1 January 2017 |date=15 December 2004 |volume=XIII |pages=21–26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200228122428/http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/india-vii-relations-the-afsharid-and-zand-periods |archive-date=28 February 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref> In [[Kerman]], traders of Hindu background had a [[caravanserai]].<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia |title=BĀZĀR ii. Organization and Function |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Iranica |url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/bazar-ii |access-date=1 January 2017 |date=15 December 1989 |volume=IV |pages=25–30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170101162115/http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/bazar-ii |archive-date=1 January 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> Traders of Indian background were mentioned by Jean Chardin, Jean de Thévenot, Adam Olearius and F. A. Kotov in the [[Safavid dynasty]] in Persia where they lived along with Jews and Armenians. Traders from India of Sikh and Hindu background lived in the [[Qajar dynasty|Qajar]] and [[Zand dynasty|Zand dynasties]] in Persia after a clampdown by [[Nader Shah]] and the Afghan [[Ghilji|Ghilzar]] wars in Iran.<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia |title=India xiii. Indo-iranian Commercial Relations |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Iranica |url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/india-xiii-indo-iranian-commercial-relations |access-date=1 January 2017 |date=15 December 2004 |volume=XIII |pages=44–47 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161117083050/http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/india-xiii-indo-iranian-commercial-relations |archive-date=17 November 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref>

However, there are also many thousands of Punjabi-speaking students studying in Australia at any given time, who have come from India and Pakistan for higher education. The Punjabi community living in Australia is mostly a young and self-supporting community.

[[Samarkand|Sarmarqandi]] and [[Bukhara]]n traders bought Indian indigo from merchants of Hindu origin in Kandahar in 1783 according to George Forester. The tallest houses were owned by Hindus according to Elphinstone in 1815. Lumsden recorded 350 stores owned by Hindus in [[Kandahar]]. Finance, precious metals, and textiles were all dealt with by Sikhs and Hindus in Kandahar.<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia |title=Kandahar i. Historical Geography to 1979 |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Iranica |url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/kandahar-historical-geography-to-1979 |access-date=1 January 2017 |date=15 December 2010 |volume=XV |pages=466–475 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161117091401/http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/kandahar-historical-geography-to-1979 |archive-date=17 November 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref>

According to the Australian Bureau of Statistics, 87% of Punjabis residing in Australia are aged under 50 and over 83% of the population are proficient in English.

A Hindu worked for [[Timur Shah Durrani]] in Afghanistan. [[Peshawar]] Hindus were in Kabul by 1783. [[Moneylender|Money lending]] was the main occupation of Hindus in Kabul. Armenians and Hindus lived in [[Kabul]] according to an 1876 survey.<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia |title=Kabul ii. Historical Geography |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Iranica |url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/kabul-ii-historical-geography |access-date=1 January 2017 |date=15 September 2009 |volume=XV |pages=282–303 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161116234940/http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/kabul-ii-historical-geography |archive-date=16 November 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref> Jews and Hindus lived in Herat in the 1800s.<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia |title=HERAT vi. THE HERAT QUESTION |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Iranica |url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/herat-vi |access-date=1 January 2017 |date=15 December 2003 |volume=XII |pages=219–224 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170101161900/http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/herat-vi |archive-date=1 January 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> Sindhi Shikarpur Hindus, Jews, and Arabs lived in Balkh in 1886.<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia |title=Balk |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Iranica |url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/balk-town-and-province |access-date=1 January 2017 |date=15 December 1988 |volume=III |pages=587–596 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181117023140/http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/balk-town-and-province |archive-date=17 November 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref> Sindhi and Punjabi were the languages used by Indians in Afghanistan. Some Afghan cities including Kabul have places of worship for Hindus and Sikhs.<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia |title=Afghanistan v. Languages |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Iranica |url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/afghanistan-v-languages |access-date=1 January 2017 |date=15 December 1983 |volume=I |pages=501–516 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110429162829/http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/afghanistan-v-languages |archive-date=29 April 2011 |url-status=live}}</ref> Local citizenship has been obtained in Afghanistan by Hindu and Sikh traders.<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia |title=Cotton iii. In Afghanistan |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Iranica |url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/cotton-iii |access-date=1 January 2017 |date=15 December 1993 |volume=VI |pages=338–351 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170101162043/http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/cotton-iii |archive-date=1 January 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref>

As well as Sikhs, the community includes many Muslims, Hindus and a small number of Christians.

Peshawari and Shikarpuri Indian traders were involved in Central Asia. The Shikarpuri invested in grain in the Bukharan Emirate as well as Ferghana cotton. They also engaged in legal money lending in Bukhara, which they could not legally do in [[Russian Turkestan]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Claude Markovits |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=M2vu7Odjz6kC |title=The Global World of Indian Merchants, 1750–1947: Traders of Sind from Bukhara to Panama |date=22 June 2000 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-1-139-43127-9 |page=191 |access-date=1 January 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210713032126/https://books.google.com/books?id=M2vu7Odjz6kC |archive-date=13 July 2021 |url-status=live}}</ref> Jews, Hindus, Baluch, Persians, and Arabs lived in Samarkand, and Hindus and Baháʼís live in Baluchistan and Khorasan in Iran.<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia |title=ETHNOGRAPHY (Text) |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Iranica |url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/ethnography-i |access-date=1 January 2017 |date=15 December 1998 |volume=IX |pages=9–28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161117060912/http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/ethnography-i |archive-date=17 November 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref>

One of the more famous communities is the one located at Woolgoolga, on the north coast of New South Wales, which is made up of descendants of Sikh plantation workers.

Uyghur merchants would harass Hindu usurers by screaming at them asking them if they ate beef or hanging cow skins on their quarters. Uyghur men also rioted and attacked Hindus for marrying Uyghur women in 1907 in Poskam and Yarkand like Ditta Ram calling for their beheading and stoning Indians to death as they engaged in anti-Hindu violence.<ref>{{cite thesis |last=Schluessel |first=Eric T |title=The Muslim Emperor of China: Everyday. Politics in Colonial Xinjiang, 1877-1933 |type=Doctoral dissertation |publisher=Harvard |url=https://dash.harvard.edu/bitstream/handle/1/33493602/SCHLUESSEL-DISSERTATION-2016.pdf |pages=207, 208 |archive-date=2022-09-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220922115430/https://dash.harvard.edu/bitstream/handle/1/33493602/SCHLUESSEL-DISSERTATION-2016.pdf |url-status=live}}</ref> Hindu Indian usurers engaging in a religious procession led to violence against them by Muslim Uyghurs.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Hultvall |first1=John |title=Mission and Revolution in Central Asia The MCCS Mission Work in Eastern Turkestan 1892-1938 |url=https://equmeniakyrkan.se/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/mission-and-revolution-part-1-hultvall-eng.pdf |pages=8 |archive-date=2022-04-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220428002913/https://equmeniakyrkan.se/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/mission-and-revolution-part-1-hultvall-eng.pdf |url-status=live}}</ref> In 1896 two Uyghur Turkis attacked a Hindu merchant and the British consul Macartney demanded the Uyghurs be punished by flogging.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Nightingale |first1=Pamela |last2=Skrine |first2=C.P. |title=Macartney at Kashgar: New Light on British, Chinese and Russian Activities in Sinkiang, 1890-1918 |date=2013 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1136576164 |edition=reprint |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Bbr5AQAAQBAJ&dq=sharpcut+horse+turki&pg=PT93}}</ref>

===Indians in Indonesia===

{{main|Indian Indonesian}}

Though there are no official figures, it is estimated that there are around 50,000 PIOs/NRIs living in Indonesia of which the Indian expatriate community registered with the Embassy and our Consulate in Medan numbers around 5000.

The money lenders and merchants of Hindu background from British India in [[Xinjiang]] were guaranteed by the British Consul-General.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Peter Hopkirk |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EojH3awYyHMC&q=Officially+protect+rights+traders+money+lenders+eastern+end+parish+roughly&pg=PA97 |title=Setting the East Ablaze: On Secret Service in Bolshevik Asia |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2001 |isbn=978-0-19-280212-5 |pages=97– |access-date=18 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210412120459/https://books.google.com/books?id=EojH3awYyHMC&q=Officially+protect+rights+traders+money+lenders+eastern+end+parish+roughly&pg=PA97 |archive-date=12 April 2021 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Peter Hopkirk |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=e4Q5AgAAQBAJ&q=although+messages+morse+telegraph+line+wireless+invaluable+radio+disposal+rounded&pg=PT57 |title=Setting the East Ablaze: Lenin's Dream of an Empire in Asia |date=16 February 2012 |publisher=Hodder & Stoughton |isbn=978-1-84854-725-4 |access-date=18 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210412120458/https://books.google.com/books?id=e4Q5AgAAQBAJ&q=although+messages+morse+telegraph+line+wireless+invaluable+radio+disposal+rounded&pg=PT57 |archive-date=12 April 2021 |url-status=live}}</ref> Russian refugees, missionaries, and [[#Central Asia|British-Indian merchants and money lenders of Hindu background]] were potential targets of gangs of [[Kashgar]]is so the Consulate-General of Britain was a potential shelter.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Peter Hopkirk |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EojH3awYyHMC&q=Gillan+refuge+Hindu+money+lenders+traders+citizenship+Russians&pg=PA191 |title=Setting the East Ablaze: On Secret Service in Bolshevik Asia |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2001 |isbn=978-0-19-280212-5 |pages=191– |access-date=18 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210412120454/https://books.google.com/books?id=EojH3awYyHMC&q=Gillan+refuge+Hindu+money+lenders+traders+citizenship+Russians&pg=PA191 |archive-date=12 April 2021 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Peter Hopkirk |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=e4Q5AgAAQBAJ&q=pay+any+attention+flee+intelligence+sergeants+posted+impossible+tours&pg=PT107 |title=Setting the East Ablaze: Lenin's Dream of an Empire in Asia |date=16 February 2012 |publisher=Hodder & Stoughton |isbn=978-1-84854-725-4 |access-date=18 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210412120453/https://books.google.com/books?id=e4Q5AgAAQBAJ&q=pay+any+attention+flee+intelligence+sergeants+posted+impossible+tours&pg=PT107 |archive-date=12 April 2021 |url-status=live}}</ref> [[First East Turkestan Republic#Christians and Hindus|The killings of two Hindus at the hands of Uighurs]] took place in the Shamba Bazaar<ref>{{Cite book |last=Andrew D. W. Forbes |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IAs9AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA76 |title=Warlords and Muslims in Chinese Central Asia: A Political History of Republican Sinkiang 1911–1949 |date=9 October 1986 |publisher=CUP Archive |isbn=978-0-521-25514-1 |pages=76– |access-date=1 January 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200522170728/https://books.google.com/books?id=IAs9AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA76 |archive-date=22 May 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref> in a most brutal fashion.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Peter Hopkirk |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=e4Q5AgAAQBAJ&q=Hindus+methods+mediaeval+cruelty+ears+tongues+eyes+teeth&pg=PT122 |title=Setting the East Ablaze: Lenin's Dream of an Empire in Asia |date=16 February 2012 |publisher=Hodder & Stoughton |isbn=978-1-84854-725-4 |access-date=18 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210412120450/https://books.google.com/books?id=e4Q5AgAAQBAJ&q=Hindus+methods+mediaeval+cruelty+ears+tongues+eyes+teeth&pg=PT122 |archive-date=12 April 2021 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Peter Hopkirk |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EojH3awYyHMC&pg=PA222 |title=Setting the East Ablaze: On Secret Service in Bolshevik Asia |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2001 |isbn=978-0-19-280212-5 |pages=222– |access-date=1 January 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200522170637/https://books.google.com/books?id=EojH3awYyHMC&pg=PA222 |archive-date=22 May 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Nils Peter Ambolt |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HH1CAAAAIAAJ&q=Hindus+methods+mediaeval+cruelty+ears+tongues+eyes+teeth |title=Karavan: Travels in Eastern Turkestan |publisher=Blackie & son, limited |year=1939 |page=169 |access-date=1 January 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210412120457/https://books.google.com/books?id=HH1CAAAAIAAJ&q=Hindus+methods+mediaeval+cruelty+ears+tongues+eyes+teeth |archive-date=12 April 2021 |url-status=live}}</ref> The plundering of the valuables of slaughtered British Indian Hindus happened in Posgam on 25 March 1933, and on the previous day in [[Kargilik Town|Karghalik]] at the hands of [[Uyghurs|Uighurs]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Andrew D. W. Forbes |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IAs9AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA78 |title=Warlords and Muslims in Chinese Central Asia: A Political History of Republican Sinkiang 1911–1949 |date=9 October 1986 |publisher=CUP Archive |isbn=978-0-521-25514-1 |pages=78– |access-date=1 January 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200522170637/https://books.google.com/books?id=IAs9AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA78 |archive-date=22 May 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref> Killings of Hindus took place in Khotan at the hands of the Bughra Amirs.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Andrew D. W. Forbes |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IAs9AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA84 |title=Warlords and Muslims in Chinese Central Asia: A Political History of Republican Sinkiang 1911–1949 |date=9 October 1986 |publisher=CUP Archive |isbn=978-0-521-25514-1 |pages=84– |access-date=1 January 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200522170638/https://books.google.com/books?id=IAs9AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA84 |archive-date=22 May 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref> Antagonism against both the British and Hindus ran high among the Muslim Turki [[Uyghurs|Uyghur]] rebels in Xinjiang's southern area. Muslims plundered the possessions in [[Kargilik Town|Karghalik]] of Rai Sahib Dip Chand, who was the [[aqsaqal|aksakal]] of Britain, and his fellow Hindus on 24 March 1933, and in [[Keriya Town|Keryia]] they slaughtered British Indian Hindus.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Michael Dillon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=J2MtBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA85 |title=Xinjiang and the Expansion of Chinese Communist Power: Kashgar in the Early Twentieth Century |date=1 August 2014 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-317-64721-8 |pages=85– |access-date=1 January 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200522170638/https://books.google.com/books?id=J2MtBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA85 |archive-date=22 May 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref> Sind's Shikarpur district was the origin of the Hindu diaspora there. The slaughter of the Hindus from British India was called the "Karghalik Outrage". The Muslims had killed nine of them.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Andrew D. W. Forbes |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vmcwAQAAIAAJ&q=For+details+of+the+%C2%ABKarghalik+Outrage%C2%BB+-+where+nine+British+Indian+Hindus+were+massacred,+and+their+bodies+thrown+inta+a+well+-+see+IOR,+L/P+%26+S/12/2331,+...+Nearly+all+the+Hindu+money-lenders+resident+in+Repub-+lican+Sinkiang+were+from+Shikarpur+in+Sind. |title=Doğu Türkistanʼdaki harp beyleri: Doğu Türkistanʼın, 1911–1949 arası siyasi tarihi |last2=Enver Can |year=1991 |page=140 |access-date=20 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210930090843/https://books.google.com/books?id=vmcwAQAAIAAJ&q=For+details+of+the+%C2%ABKarghalik+Outrage%C2%BB+-+where+nine+British+Indian+Hindus+were+massacred%2C+and+their+bodies+thrown+inta+a+well+-+see+IOR%2C+L%2FP+%26+S%2F12%2F2331%2C+...+Nearly+all+the+Hindu+money-lenders+resident+in+Repub-+lican+Sinkiang+were+from+Shikarpur+in+Sind. |archive-date=30 September 2021 |url-status=live}}</ref> The forced removal of the Swedes was accompanied by the slaughter of the Hindus in [[Kingdom of Khotan|Khotan]] by the Islamic Turkic rebels.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ildikó Bellér-Hann |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cF4lMj8skvoC&pg=PA59 |title=Community Matters in Xinjiang, 1880–1949: Towards a Historical Anthropology of the Uyghur |publisher=BRILL |year=2008 |isbn=978-90-04-16675-2 |pages=59– |access-date=1 January 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200522170639/https://books.google.com/books?id=cF4lMj8skvoC&pg=PA59 |archive-date=22 May 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref> The Emirs of Khotan slaughtered the Hindus as they forced the Swedes out and declared [[sharia]] in Khotan on 16 March 1933.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Christian Tyler |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bEzNwgtiVQ0C&pg=PA115 |title=Wild West China: The Taming of Xinjiang |publisher=Rutgers University Press |year=2004 |isbn=978-0-8135-3533-3 |pages=115– |access-date=1 January 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200522170627/https://books.google.com/books?id=bEzNwgtiVQ0C&pg=PA115 |archive-date=22 May 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref>

Indians were first brought to Indonesia by the Dutch in the 19th century as indentured labourers to work on plantations located around Medan in Sumatra. While the majority of these came from South India, a significant number also came from the North. The Medan Indians included Hindus, Muslims and Sikhs. They have now been in Indonesia for over four generations and hold Indonesian passports. While local statistics continue to suggest that there are some 40,000 PIOs in Sumatra, the vast majority are now completely assimilated in Indonesian society, though some elements of the Tamil and Sikh Communities still maintain their cultural traditions.

===Southeast Asia===

The Indian Diaspora also includes several thousand Sindhi families who constitute the second wave of Indian immigrants who made Indonesia their home in the first half of the 20th century. The Sindhi community is mainly engaged in trading and commerce.

{{see also|Hinduism in Southeast Asia|Buddhism in Southeast Asia|Chitty}}

A major emigration from the Indian subcontinent was to [[Southeast Asia]]. There is a possibility that the first wave of Indian migration towards Southeast Asia occurred when [[Emperor Ashoka]] invaded [[Kalinga (historical region)|Kalinga]] and following [[Samudragupta]]'s expedition towards the South.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Sadasivan |first=Balaji |title=The Dancing Girl: A History of Early India |year=2011 |isbn=978-9814311670 |pages=135–136}}</ref> This was followed by early interaction of Indian traders with South Asians and, after the mid-first millennium CE, by the emigration of members of the [[Brahmin]] social [[caste]]. This resulted in the establishment of the [[Greater India|Indianised kingdoms]] in Southeast Asia. The [[Chola dynasty|Chola rulers]], who were known for their naval power, conquered [[Sumatra]] and the [[Malay Peninsula]].{{citation needed|date=June 2017}}

[[File:Bundesarchiv Bild 105-DOA0390, Deutsch-Ostafrika,Indische Kaufmannsfamilie.jpg|thumb|left|Indian trader's family in [[Bagamoyo]], [[German East Africa]], around 1906/18]]

Among these communities, Tamils and to a lesser extent Sikhs were primarily engaged in agriculture while Sindhis and Punjabis mainly established themselves in textile trade and sports business.

Another early diaspora, of which little is known, was a reported Indian "Shendu" community that was recorded when [[Yunnan]] was annexed by the [[Han dynasty]] in the 1st century by the Chinese authorities.<ref>Tan Chung (1998). [http://ignca.nic.in/ks_41019.htm ''A Sino-Indian Perspective for India-China Understanding''.] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070606221357/http://ignca.nic.in/ks_41019.htm |date=6 June 2007}}</ref>

===European Colonial rule (to 1947)===

Due to economic factors, most traders and businessmen among PIOs have over past decades moved to Jakarta from outlying areas such as Medan and Surabaya. Almost half the Indian Community in Indonesia is now Jakarta based.

{{see also|British Raj}}

[[File:East Indian Women, Men and Children (13227675614).jpg|thumb|[[British Raj]] Indian indentured labourers in [[Trinidad and Tobago]], c. 1890–1896.]]

During the mid-19th century right after the [[British Raj#Famines, epidemics, public health|British Colonial disasters]] ended, much of the [[human migration|migration]] that occurred was of pioneering [[Girmityas|Girmitya]] indentured workers – mostly [[Bhojpuri language|Bhojpuri]] and [[Awadhi language|Awadhi]]-speaking people from the [[Bhojpur district, India|Bhojpur district]] of [[Uttar Pradesh]] and [[Bihar]] to other British colonies under the [[Indian indenture system]]. The major destinations were [[Mauritius]], [[Guyana]], [[Trinidad and Tobago]], [[Suriname]], other parts of the [[Caribbean]] (e.g. [[Jamaica]], [[Guadeloupe]], [[Martinique]], [[Belize]], [[Barbados]], [[Grenada]], [[Saint Vincent and the Grenadines]], [[Saint Lucia]]), [[Fiji]], [[Réunion]], [[Seychelles]], [[Malay Peninsula]] (e.g. [[Malaysia]] and [[Singapore]]), [[East Africa]] (e.g. [[Kenya]], [[Somalia]], [[Tanzania]], [[Uganda]]) and [[South Africa]].{{citation needed|date=June 2017}}

[[Gujarati people|Gujarati]] and [[Sindhi people|Sindhi]] merchants and traders settled in the [[Arabian Peninsula]], [[Aden]], [[Oman]], [[Bahrain]], [[Dubai]], South Africa and East African countries, most of which were ruled by the British. The [[Indian Rupee]] was the legal currency in many countries of Arabian peninsula. [[Afghan (Australia)|Punjabi, Rajasthani, Sindhi, Baloch and Kashmiri Camel drivers]] were brought to Australia.<ref>Westrip, J. & Holroyde, P. (2010): ''Colonial Cousins: a surprising history of connections between India and Australia.'' [[Wakefield Press (Australia)|Wakefield Press]]. {{ISBN|1862548412}}, p. 175.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=australia.gov.au > About Australia > Australian Stories > Afghan cameleers in Australia |url=http://australia.gov.au/about-australia/australian-story/afghan-cameleers |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140815171331/http://australia.gov.au/about-australia/australian-story/afghan-cameleers |archive-date=15 August 2014}}</ref>

The inflow of major Indian investments in Indonesia starting in the late 1970s drew a fresh wave of Indian investors and managers to this country. This group of entrepreneurs and business professionals has further expanded over the past two decades and now includes engineers, consultants, chartered accountants, bankers and other professionals.

===Post-independence===

The Indian community is very well regarded in Indonesia, is generally prosperous and includes individuals holding senior positions in local and multinational companies.

[[File:India Square JC jeh.JPG|thumb|right|Individuals of Indian origin have achieved a high [[demographic profile]] in [[metropolitan area]]s worldwide, including [[India Square]] (''Little [[Bombay]]''<ref>Kiniry, Laura. "Moon Handbooks New Jersey", Avalon Travel Publishing, 2006. pg. 34 {{ISBN|1-56691-949-5}}. Retrieved 11 April 2015.</ref>) in [[Jersey City, New Jersey#Demographics|Jersey City]], [[New Jersey]], United States, home to the highest concentration of Asian Indians in the [[Western Hemisphere]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Laryssa Wirstiuk |date=21 April 2014 |title=Neighborhood Spotlight: Journal Square |work=Jersey City Independent |url=http://www.jerseycityindependent.com/2014/04/neighborhood-spotlight-journal-square/ |url-status=dead |access-date=11 April 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180630085618/http://www.jerseycityindependent.com/2014/04/neighborhood-spotlight-journal-square/ |archive-date=30 June 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Yearbook of Immigration Statistics: 2012 Supplemental Table 2 |url=https://www.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/publications/immigration-statistics/yearbook/2012/LPR/immsuptable2d.xls |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141222152450/http://www.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/publications/immigration-statistics/yearbook/2012/LPR/immsuptable2d.xls |archive-date=22 December 2014 |access-date=11 April 2015 |publisher=US Department of Homeland Security}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Yearbook of Immigration Statistics: 2011 Supplemental Table 2 |url=https://www.dhs.gov/xlibrary/assets/statistics/yearbook/2011/immsuptable2d.xls |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170707193758/https://www.dhs.gov/xlibrary/assets/statistics/yearbook/2011/immsuptable2d.xls |archive-date=7 July 2017 |access-date=11 April 2015 |publisher=US Department of Homeland Security}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Yearbook of Immigration Statistics: 2010 Supplemental Table 2 |url=https://www.dhs.gov/xlibrary/assets/statistics/yearbook/2010/immsuptable2d.xls |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170707181534/https://www.dhs.gov/xlibrary/assets/statistics/yearbook/2010/immsuptable2d.xls |archive-date=7 July 2017 |access-date=11 April 2015 |publisher=Department of Homeland Security}}</ref>]]

After gaining independence from the [[British Raj]], unlike internal migration, senior government leaders have historically not vocalized opinions on international emigration. As a result, it remains a political issue only in states with major emigrant populations, such as [[Kerala]], [[Punjab, India|Punjab]], [[Tamil Nadu]] and to a lesser degree [[Gujarat]], [[Andhra Pradesh]] and [[Goa]]. However, the phenomenon continues to be a major force in India's economic ([[foreign direct investment]]), social and political relations with nations having significant Indian populace.{{citation needed|date=December 2019}} For example, the 2008 signing of the [[India–United States Civil Nuclear Agreement]] was helped by intense lobbying from [[Indian Americans]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rao |first=Ashok |date=2013-03-17 |title=The Indian Diaspora - Past, Present and Future |url=https://www.america-times.com/the-indian-diaspora-past-present-and-future/ |access-date=2024-08-30 |website=The America Times |language=en-US}}</ref>

There are six main social or professional associations of the Indian PIO/NRI community in Jakarta. Gandhi Seva Loka (formerly known as Bombay Merchants Association) is a charitable institution run by the Sindhi community and is engaged mainly in educational and social activities. The India Club is a social organization of PIO/NRI professionals. An Indian Women’s Association brings together PIO/NRI spouses and undertakes charitable activities. There is a Gurudwara Prabandhak Committee in Jakarta and Sindhis as well as Sikhs are associated with Gurudwara activities The Economic Association of Indonesia and India (ECAII) brings together leading entrepreneurs from the Indian community with the objective of promoting bilateral economic relations, but has been largely inactive. Finally, there is the Indonesian Chapter of the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India (ICAI).

==Overseas experience==

===Indians in the Middle East===

===Love for India===

{{unreferenced||date=June 2006}}

{{main|Indomania}}

There is a huge population of Indians in the [[Middle East]], most coming from Kerala and other south Indian states, especially in the oil rich countries neighboring the [[Persian Gulf]]. Most moved to the Gulf after the oil boom to work as labourers and for clerical jobs. Indians - all foreigners, in fact - in the Gulf do not normally become citizens however. They retain their Indian passports since most of the countries in the Gulf do not provide citizenship or permanent residency. One of the major reasons why Indians like to work in the Gulf is because it provides incomes many times over for the same type of job back in India and its geographical proximity to India. The Indian Diaspora makes up a good proportion of the working class in the GCC. In 2005, about 50% of the population in the [[United Arab Emirates]] were of Indian descent.

[[wikt:Indophilia|Indophilia]] or Indomania is love, admiration or special interest for India or its people and culture.<ref>Douglas T. McGetchin (2009), ''Indology, Indomania, and Orientalism: Ancient India's Rebirth in Modern Germany'', Fairleigh Dickinson Univ Press, p.17</ref> An [[wikt:Indophile|Indophile]] is someone who loves India, Indian culture, cuisine, religions, history or its people.

===Indians in South Africa===

:''Main article: [[Asians in South Africa]]''

Most Asians in South Africa are descended from indentured Indian labourers who were brought by the British from India in the 19th century, mostly to work in what is now the province of [[KwaZulu-Natal]] (KZN). The rest are descended from Indian traders who migrated to South Africa at around the same time, many from the Gujarat area. The city of [[Durban]], has the largest Asian population in sub-Saharan Africa, and the Indian independence leader [[Mahatma Gandhi]] worked as a lawyer in the city in the early 1900s. South Africa in fact has got the largest population of people of Indian descent outside of India in the world ie: born in South Africa and not migrated, compared to the U.S. Most of them are fourth to fifth generation descent. They mainly belong to the Hindu (the largest) and Muslim religious groupings. Most of them speak English as a first language (due to the British rule of the Natal colony), although some elders do speak Indian languages as a first language.

===IndiansOverseas in East Africadiscrimination===

{{main|Anti-Indian sentiment}}

==Demography by country==

Indian migration to the modern countries of [[Kenya]], [[Uganda]] & [[Tanzania]] started nearly a century ago when these were part of the [[British East Africa]]. Most of these were of Gujarati or Punjabi origin. Their number may have been as high as 500,000 in the 1960s. Indian led businesses were or are the backbone of the economies of these countries. These ranged in the past from small rurl grocery stores to [[sugar mills]]. In addition. Indian professional like doctors, teachers, Engineers also played an important part in the development of these countries. After independence from Britain in the 1960s majority of Asians, as there were known, moved out or were forced out from these countries. Most of them moved to Britain or India and other popular destinations like USA or Canada.

[[File:Map of the Indian Diaspora in the World.svg|thumb|350px|right|A world map showing the estimated distribution and concentration of people of Indian descent or ancestry by country.

{{col-begin}}

{{col-break}}

{{Legend|#000000|India}}

{{Legend|#804d00|+ 1,000,000}}

{{Legend|#bd7100|+ 100,000}}

{{col-break}}

{{Legend|#ff9933|+ 10,000}}

{{Legend|#ffcf9e|+ 1,000}}

{{legend|#a0a0a0|No data}}

{{col-end}}

]]

Population of Overseas Indians, by country, according to the Consular Services of the Ministry of External Affairs of India,<ref name="POI">{{cite web |title=Population of Overseas Indians |url=http://www.mea.gov.in/population-of-overseas-indians.htm |date=15 February 2023 |website=mea.gov.in |publisher=Ministry of External Affairs, Government of India |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231008153753/https://www.mea.gov.in/population-of-overseas-indians.htm |archive-date=8 October 2023 |access-date=29 October 2023}}</ref> or other estimates (if indicated).

{|class="wikitable sortable"

===Indians in Canada===

|-style="background:#fff;"

:''Main article: [[Indo-Canadian]]''

!World region / Country

According to [[Statistics Canada]], in 2001 there were 713,330 people who classified themselves as being of Indian origin. The term “East Indian” or [[Indo-Canadian]] is most commonly associated with people of Indian origin, since the term Indian in Canada has commonly been used to refer to the [[Aboriginal peoples of Canada|Aboriginal]] Canadians and still continues to be used to describe them, causing much confusion. In addition, the term Indian is also occasionally applied to people from the [[Caribbean]] ([[West Indian]]s). Out of this population, 42% are [[Hindu]], 39% are [[Sikh]], and the remainder are [[Muslim]], [[Christian]], [[Jain]], [[Buddhist]], or [[no religious affiliation]]. The main Indian ethnic communities are [[Punjabi people|Punjabi]]s (which account for more than half of population) as well [[Gujarati people|Gujarati]]s, [[Tamil people|Tamil]]s (Indian as opposed to Sri Lankan), [[Keralite]]s, [[Bengali people|Bengalis]], [[Sindhi people|Sindhis]] and others.

!Articles

!data-sort-type="number"|Overseas Indian population||data-sort-type="number"|Percentage

The first Indians began moving to Canada in small numbers to [[British Columbia]], and were mainly male Sikh Punjabis who were seeking work opportunities abroad. These first immigrants faced widespread racism by the local white Canadians. There were race riots that targeted these immigrants, as well as new [[China|Chinese]] immigrants as well. Most decided to return to India, while a few stayed behind. The Canadian government prevented these men from bringing their wives and children until 1919, which was the main reason why they decided to leave. Quotas were established to prevent many Indians from moving to Canada in the early 20th century. These quotas allowed fewer than 100 people from India a year until 1957, when it was increased to 300 people a year. In 1967, all quotas were scrapped in Canada, and immigration was based on a point system, thus allowing many more Indians to immigrate in large numbers. Since this open door policy was adopted, Indians continue to come in large numbers, and roughly 25,000 - 30,000 arrive each year (which is now the second highest group immigrating to Canada each year, behind Chinese immigrants).

|-style="background:#ccf;"|-bgcolor="#ccccff"

|'''[[Eastern world|Eastward Asia]]'''|| ||'''~6,223,900'''||

Most Indians choose to immigrate to larger urban centers like [[Toronto]] and [[Vancouver]], where more than 70% live. Smaller communities are also growing in [[Calgary]], [[Montreal]], [[Edmonton]] and [[Winnipeg]]. Indians in [[Toronto]] are from diverse locations in India, such as [[Punjab (India)|Punjab]], [[Gujarat]], [[Tamil Nadu]], [[Andhra Pradesh]] and [[Kerala]]. [[Brampton, Ontario|Brampton]], a suburb of [[Toronto]] has many [[India]]n residents, and the town of Springdale in Brampton is commonly referred to as “Singhdale” because of the many Sikhs that live there. Indians in [[Vancouver]] mainly live in the suburb of [[Surrey, British Columbia|Surrey]], but can also be found throughout Vancouver. The vast majority of Vancouver Indians are of Sikh Punjabi origin and have taken leading roles in politics and the professions, with several Supreme Court justices, three Attorneys-General and one provincial premier coming from their community.

===Indians in Mauritius===

{{main|Indo-Mauritian}}

Outside of India itself, Mauritius is the only country where people of Indian Origin form the vast majority (not including Trinidad & Tobago where Afro-Trinidadiand and Indo-Trinidadians have equal populations, or Fiji where the Indo-Fijians once formed the majority but not today). The people are known as [[Indo-Mauritians]], and form about 70% of the population. The majority of them are [[Hindu]] (77%) and a significant group are [[Muslims]] (22%). There are also some Christians, Baha'is and Sikhs, but the Baha'i and Sikh populations do not add up to even 1% of the population. Various Indian languages are still spoken, especially Tamil, Bhojpuri, Hindi and Urdu, but most Indo-Mauritians now speak a French-based Creole language at home, as well as French in general fields. Finding an Indo-Mauritian who exclusively speaks an Indian language is very rare.

===Indians in Singapore===

{{main|Indians in Singapore}}

'''Indians in Singapore''' are defined as [[Singapore]] residents who trace their [[ancestry]] to [[South Asia]]. They are the smallest of the three major '[[race]]s', forming about 9% of the population. Among cities, Singapore has the world's second largest [[Overseas indian population|overseas Indian population]], after [[London]]. Singapore’s Indian population is [[language|linguistically]] and [[religion|religiously]] diverse, as well as [[social stratification|socio-economically stratified]], with sizeable [[elite]] and [[working class]] segments. Due to a recent influx of [[professional]]s from [[India]], Singapore Indians now have a higher monthly income and are more likely to possess a [[university degree]] than the national average. However, Indian students also perform below the national average in several key examinations, especially in [[mathematics]] and [[science]]. Indian settlement on the island dates to the establishment of modern Singapore in [[1819]], and the Indian element is evident in broader [[Culture of Singapore|Singapore culture]]. Likewise, Singapore Indian culture has evolved over time, making it distinct from the [[Indian culture|culture of India]]. Individual Indians have also made significant contributions to national life in a number of fields, especially in Singapore [[Politics of Singapore|politics]], [[Education in Singapore|education]], [[Foreign relations of Singapore|diplomacy]] and the [[Law in Singapore|law]].

===Indians in Madagascar===

Indians in Madagascar are descended mostly from traders who arrived to the newly-independent nation looking for better opportunities. The majority of them came from the west coast of India known as Karana (Muslim) and Banian (Hindu). The majority speak Hindi or Gujarati, and though some other Indian languages are spoken. Nowadays the younger generations speak at least three languages including ,French or English,Gujarati and Malagasy.

A large number of Indians are highly educated in Madagascar, particularly the younger generation, who try to contribute their knowledge to the development of Madagascar.

===Indians in New Zealand===

Indians began to arrive in [[New Zealand]] in the late eighteenth century, mostly as crews on British ships. A small number deserted; the earliest known Indian resident of New Zealand was living with a [[Māori]] wife in the [[Bay of Islands, New Zealand|Bay of Islands]] in 1815. Numbers slowly increased through the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, despite a law change in 1899 which was designed to keep out people who were not of 'British birth and parentage'. As in many other countries, Indians in New Zealand dispersed throughout the country and had a high rate of small business ownership, particularly fruit and vegetable shops and convenience stores. At this stage most Indian New Zealanders originated from Gujarat. Changes in immigration policy in the 1980s allowed many more Indians, Pakistanis and Bangladeshis into the country, and the [[1987 Fijian coups d'état|1987]] and [[Mutinies of the 2000 Fijian coup d'état|2000 military coups]] in [[Fiji]] caused a large increase in the number of Fijian Indians coming to New Zealand. Notable Indian New Zealanders include former [[Dunedin]] mayor [[Sukhi Turner]], cricketer [[Dipak Patel]], singer [[Aaradhna]], and current [[Governor General of New Zealand|Governor General]] [[Anand Satyanand]].

* Indians in ''Te Ara: the Encyclopaedia of New Zealand'': http://www.teara.govt.nz/NewZealanders/NewZealandPeoples/Indians/en

==Statistics==

{{see|Overseas indian population}}

{{not verified|section}}

{|class="wikitable"

|-bgcolor="#EFEFEF"

!Continent / Country||Articles||Overseas Indian Population

|- bgcolor="#ccccff"

|'''[[Asia]]'''|| ||14,119,175

|-

|{{flag|Malaysia}}||[[Malaysian Indians]]||2,012,600<ref name="penerangan Malaysia"/>||6.19%

|[[Nepal]]|| ||4,000,000<ref>[http://www.hinduonnet.com/2001/01/07/stories/05071343.htm Where big can be bothersome]. [[The Hindu]]. January 07, 2001.</ref>

|-

|[[{{flag|Myanmar]]}}||[[Burmese Indians]], [[Myanmar{{·}} Indian Muslims]],<br>[[Anglo-Indian people]]|| 2,902009,000207<ref name=littleindia"POI"/>[http://www.littleindia<ref name="rediff.com"/news/132/ARTICLE/1346/2006-10-12>||2.html Overseas Indian Population 2001]. Little India.</ref>50%

|-

|{{flag|Sri Lanka}}||[[Indians in Sri Lanka]] ([[Indian Tamils of Sri Lanka|Tamils]])||842,323<ref name="statistics Sri Lanka"/>||4.16%

|[[United Arab Emirates]]|| ||2,752,000<ref>{{cite book|last=Lal|first=Brij V. (gen. ed.)|coauthors=Peter Reeves (exec. ed.) & Rajesh Rai (asst. ed.)|title=The Encyclopedia of the Indian Diaspora|___location=Singapore|publisher=Editions Didier Millet in association with [[National University of Singapore]]|year=2006|isbn=9814155659 (hbk.)}} (p. 224)</ref>

|-

|{{flag|Singapore}}||[[Indian Singaporeans]]||812,000<ref name="singstat"/><ref name="et"/>||13.5%

|[[Malaysia]]||[[Malaysian Indian]], [[Chitty]], [[Tamil diaspora]]||2,700,000

|-

|{{flag|Nepal}}||[[Indian Nepalis]]||426,941<ref name="Intl Migrant Stock"/><ref>{{usurped|[https://web.archive.org/web/20110606130556/http://www.hinduonnet.com/2001/01/07/stories/05071343.htm Where big can be bothersome]}}. [[The Hindu]]. 7 January 2001.</ref>||1.47%

|[[Saudi Arabia]]|| ||1,500,000<ref name=littleindia/>

|-

|{{flag|Bangladesh}}||[[Indians in Bangladesh]]||127,014<ref name="redatam Bangladesh">{{cite web| title =Birth different country| url =http://redatam.bbs.gov.bd/redbin/RpWebEngine.exe/Portal?BASE=HPC2011_long| date =2011| website =redatam.bbs.gov.bd| access-date =7 August 2023}}</ref>||0.09%

|[[Sri Lanka]]||[[Tamil diaspora]]||855,888<ref>Data for 2001. From Lal, Brij V. (Gen. ed.), The Encyclopedia of the Indian Diaspora. Singapore: Editions Didier Millet, 2006, p.144</ref>

|-

|{{flag|Philippines}}||[[Indian Filipino]]||120,000<ref name="mea.gov.in">{{Cite web |date=31 December 2018 |title=Population of Overseas Indians |url=http://mea.gov.in/images/attach/NRIs-and-PIOs_1.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225053337/http://mea.gov.in/error.htm?aspxerrorpath=%2Fimages%2Fattach%2FNRIs-and-PIOs_1.pdf |archive-date=25 December 2018 |access-date=18 April 2019 |publisher=[[Ministry of External Affairs (India)]]}}</ref>

|[[Kuwait]]|| ||500,000

|-

|[[Singapore]]{{flag|Indonesia}}||[[Indian SingaporeanIndonesians]], ([[Mardijker people|Mardijkers]]{{·}}[[Tamil diasporaIndonesians|Tamils]])||430120,000||0.05%

|-

|{{flag|China}}||[[Indians in China]]||56,050(55000 are NRI)(550 are PIO)<ref name="POI"/><ref name="indiatimes">{{cite web|url=https://blogs.economictimes.indiatimes.com/et-commentary/india-and-china-need-a-push-to-encourage-more-people-to-live-across-the-border/|title=India and China need a push to encourage more people to live across the border|date=12 May 2015|access-date=2023-04-13 |archive-date=2018-01-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180129080610/https://blogs.economictimes.indiatimes.com/et-commentary/india-and-china-need-a-push-to-encourage-more-people-to-live-across-the-border/|url-status=live}}</ref>||0.004%

|[[Oman]]|| ||350,000

|-

|{{flag|Bhutan}}|| ||46,974<ref name="Intl Migrant Stock"/>||6.33%

|[[Qatar]]|| ||175,000

|-

|{{flag|Thailand}}||[[Indians in Thailand]]||46,326<ref>{{cite web| last =Vapattanawong| first =Patama| title =ชาวต่างชาติในเมืองไทยเป็นใครบ้าง?| trans-title =Who are the foreigners in Thailand?| language =th| url =http://www.ms.ipsr.mahidol.ac.th/ConferenceXI/Download/Book/447-IPSR-Conference-A12-fulltext.pdf| pages =8| quote =ตาราง 2 จานวน ร้อยละ และร้อยละสะสม ของชาวต่างชาติ10 ลาดับแรก ที่อาศัยอยู่ในประเทศไทย ณ วันสามะโน [Table 2 Number, percentage, and cumulative percentage of the top 10 foreigners living in Thailand as of the census date] &#124; อินเดีย [India]| date =2010| website =mahidol.ac.th| access-date =7 August 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171018072400/http://www.ms.ipsr.mahidol.ac.th/ConferenceXI/Download/Book/447-IPSR-Conference-A12-fulltext.pdf|archive-date=18 October 2017}}</ref>||0.07%

|[[Thailand]]|| ||150,000

|-

|{{flag|Japan}}||[[Indians in Japan]]||43,886<ref>{{cite web| title =国籍・地域別 在留資格（在留目的）別 在留外国人| trans-title =Foreign residents by nationality/region and residence status (purpose of residence)| language =ja| url =https://www.e-stat.go.jp/stat-search/files?page=1&layout=datalist&toukei=00250012&tstat=000001018034&cycle=1&year=20220&month=24101212&tclass1=000001060399| quote =インド [India]| date =December 2022| website =e-stat.go.jp| publisher =e-Stat (Japanese government statistics portal site)| access-date =7 August 2023}}</ref>||0.03%

|[[Bahrain]]|| ||140,000

|-

|{{flag|Hong Kong}}||[[Indians in Hong Kong]]||32,796<ref>{{cite web| title =''Demographic Characteristics – Ethnicity.'' 2021 Population Census| url =https://www.census2021.gov.hk/en/keystat_dashboard.html| date =2021| website =census2021.gov.hk| publisher =Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region| access-date =7 August 2023}}</ref>

|[[Philippines]]|| ||125,000

|-

|{{flag|Maldives}}||[[Indians in the Maldives]]||25,108||4.87%

|[[Yemen]]|| ||100,900<ref name=littleindia/>

|-

|{{flag|Brunei}}||[[Indians in Brunei]]||21,102 (from South Asian countries)<ref>{{cite web| title =The Population and Housing Census Report (BPP) 2021: Demographic, Household and Housing Characteristics| url =https://deps.mofe.gov.bn/DEPD%20Documents%20Library/DOS/POP/2022/RPT.pdf| pages =66| date =2021| website =deps.mofe.gov.bn| publisher =Department of Economic Planning and Statistics, Ministry of Finance and Economy, Brunei Darussalam| access-date =7 August 2023}}</ref>||4.79%

|[[Indonesia]]||[[Indian Indonesian]], [[Tamil diaspora]]||55,000<ref name=littleindia/>

|-

|{{flag|South Korea}}||[[Indians in Korea]]||12,929<ref>{{cite web| title =통계월보| trans-title =Statistical monthly report| language =ko| url =https://viewer.moj.go.kr/skin/doc.html?rs=/result/bbs/227&fn=temp_1581918117248100| pages =16| quote =체류외국인 연도별·국적(지역)별 현황 [Current status of foreign residents by year and nationality (region)] &#124; 인도 [India]| date =2019| website =moj.go.kr| publisher =출입국 외국인정책 (Korea Immigration Service)| access-date =7 August 2023}}</ref>||0.02%

|[[Hong Kong]]||[[South Asians in Hong Kong]]||50,500<ref name=littleindia/>

|-

|{{flag|Taiwan}}{{efn|<!-- Taiwan has been recognised as a country instead of a state (or other definition) by Wikipedia, see recent RfC [[Talk:Taiwan/Archive 30#RfC: Taiwan, "country" or "state"]]. Do not change its status as a country. --><ref>Multiple sources:

|[[Israel]]|| ||45,300<ref name=littleindia/>

*{{cite book |title=The Handbook Of East Asia |author=[[Michael Kort]] |publisher=Lerner Publishing Group |year=2005 |isbn=978-0-7613-2672-4 |page=[https://archive.org/details/handbookofeastas0000kort/page/7 7] |url=https://archive.org/details/handbookofeastas0000kort/page/7 |quote=South Korea is another emerging economic powerhouse, as is the Republic of China (ROC), a small country that occupies the island of Taiwan in the shadow of its enormous and hostile mainland neighbor, the PRC.|access-date=26 June 2022}}

*{{cite book|author1-link=Dafydd Fell|last1=Fell|first1=Dafydd|title=Government and Politics in Taiwan|date=2018|publisher=Routledge|___location=London|isbn=978-1-317-28506-9|page=305|url={{GBurl|id=i8hHDwAAQBAJ}}|quote=Moreover, its status as a vibrant democratic state has earned it huge international sympathy and a generally positive image.}}

*{{cite magazine|last1=Campbell |first1=Matthew |title=China's Next Crisis Brews in Taiwan's Upcoming Election |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/features/2020-01-07/china-s-next-crisis-brews-in-taiwan-s-upcoming-election |magazine=[[Bloomberg Businessweek]] |date=7 January 2020 |issue=4642 |pages=34–39 |issn=0007-7135 |access-date=24 September 2020 |quote=Much has changed in Taiwan since Chiang's day, but this liminal quality has never really gone away. By almost any functional standard, it's a sovereign country}}

*{{cite journal |last=Carolan|first=Christopher|title=The "Republic of Taiwan": Legal-Historical Justification for a Taiwanese Declaration of Independence|journal=New York University Law Review |date=May 2000 |volume=75 |issue=2 |pages=429–468|url=https://www.nyulawreview.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/NYULawReview-75-2-Carolan.pdf|access-date=17 March 2022|quote=These six criteria demonstrate that under international law Taiwan merits recognition as an independent state and as such is already a de facto state.}}

*{{cite book |author =[[Donald S. Zagoria]]|url ={{GBurl|id=J6lzCgAAQBAJ|p=68}} | title =Breaking the China-Taiwan Impasse | publisher =ABC-CLIO |pages =68– |isbn =978-0-313-05755-7 |oclc =1058389524 | date =30 October 2003 |access-date=20 March 2022 |quote=Taiwan possesses all of the elements of a sovereign state: a legitimate government, population, and a well-defined territory. The fact is that the People's Republic of China (PRC), while claiming sovereignty over Taiwan, has never ruled Taiwan since the PRC's establishment in 1949. Thus, Taiwan is in fact a sovereign country from our perspective.}}</ref>}}||[[Indians in Taiwan]]||4,382<ref>{{cite web| title =2022.2Foreign Residents by Nationality| url =https://www.immigration.gov.tw/5475/5478/141478/141380/302369/cp_news| date =2022| website =immigration.gov.tw| publisher =Ministry of the Interior, National Immigration Agency| access-date =7 August 2023}}</ref>||0.02%

|-

|{{flag|Vietnam}}||[[Indians in Vietnam]]||2,043<ref name="Intl Migrant Stock"/>||0.002%

|[[Japan]]|| || 16,400

|-

|{{flag|Cambodia}}||[[Indians in Cambodia]]||1,510||0.01%

|[[Russia]]|| ||16,044<ref name=littleindia/>

|-

|{{flag|Laos}}|| ||528||0.01%

|[[Lebanon]]|| ||11,025<ref name=littleindia/>

|-

|{{flag|North Korea}}||[[Indians in Korea]]||370<ref name="Intl Migrant Stock"/>||0.001%

|[[People's Republic of China]]|| ||10,000<ref>Pallavi Aiyar. [http://www.atimes.com/atimes/China_Business/IE05Cb03.html From backwater to textile powerhouse], ''[[Asia Times Online]]'', May 5, 2007.</ref>

|-

|[[Maldives]]{{flag|Mongolia}}|| ||9,001117<ref name=littleindia"Intl Migrant Stock"/>||0.004%

|-

|{{flag|East Timor}}|| ||100||0.01%

|[[Brunei]]|| ||7,600<ref name=littleindia/>

|-style="background:#ccf;"|-bgcolor="#ccccff"

|'''[[Greater Middle East|Middle (East) Crescent]]'''{{efn|comprising [[Central Asia]], [[Middle East and North Africa]] – this area resembles a ''[[crescent]]''<ref>{{cite web| title =Middle East Crescent &ndash; Norwegian translation: det større Midtøsten (det nye Midtøsten)| language =no| url =https://www2.proz.com/kudoz/english-to-norwegian/geography/2947060-middle-east-crescent.html?phpv_redirected=1| quote =dette området minner om en "crescent"| date =28 November 2008| website =proz.com| access-date =30 September 2023}}</ref> straddling in the ''middle'' of Europe, Africa and Asia}}|| ||'''11,447,600+'''||

|-

|{{flag|United Arab Emirates}}||[[Indians in the United Arab Emirates]]||3,425,144<ref name="POI"/><ref name="Pew research"/>||36.04%

|[[Jordan]]|| ||4,100

|-

|{{flag|Saudi Arabia}}||[[Non-Resident Indians in Saudi Arabia]]||2,594,947<ref name="POI"/><ref>{{Cite news |date=21 June 2017 |title=How Saudi Arabia's 'Family Tax' Is Forcing Indians To Return Home |work=The Huffington Post |url=http://www.huffingtonpost.in/2017/06/21/how-saudi-arabias-family-tax-is-forcing-indians-to-return-hom_a_22494498/ |url-status=live |access-date=21 June 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225053253/https://www.huffingtonpost.in/2017/06/21/how-saudi-arabias-family-tax-is-forcing-indians-to-return-hom_a_22494498/?ec_carp=2819915949931742186 |archive-date=25 December 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Indians brace for Saudi 'family tax' |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/nri/middle-east-news/indians-brace-for-saudi-family-tax/articleshow/59243550.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225053328/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/nri/middle-east-news/indians-brace-for-saudi-family-tax/articleshow/59243550.cms |archive-date=25 December 2018 |access-date=21 June 2017 |newspaper=Times of India|date=21 June 2017}}</ref>||7.58%

|[[South Korea]]|| ||2,700<ref name=littleindia/>

|-

|{{flag|Pakistan}}||[[Indians in Pakistan]]||16,501<ref>{{Cite news |last=Gishkori |first=Zahid |date=30 July 2015 |title=Karachi has witnessed 43% decrease in target killing: Nisar |work=[[The Express Tribune]] |url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/929229/over-280000-immigrants-living-in-pakistan-says-nisar/ |url-status=live |access-date=3 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170803212633/https://tribune.com.pk/story/929229/over-280000-immigrants-living-in-pakistan-says-nisar/ |archive-date=3 August 2017 |quote=Interestingly, around 16,501 Indians are also living in Pakistan.}}</ref> (Indian citizens; 2015)<br />1,709,217<ref name="Intl Migrant Stock"/><ref name="Pew research"/><ref>0.2%{{Cite news |date=5 May 2013 |title=1,184 Indians in Pak jails, says MEA |work=[[The Times of India]] |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/1184-Indians-in-Pak-jails-says-MEA/articleshow/19890633.cms |url-status=live |access-date=9 November 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160130225317/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/1184-Indians-in-Pak-jails-says-MEA/articleshow/19890633.cms |archive-date=30 January 2016}}</ref> (post-partition migrants)||0.82%

|[[Syria]]|| ||1,800<ref name=littleindia/>

|-

|{{flag|Oman}}||[[TaiwanIndians in Oman]]|| ||1,800375,667<ref name=littleindia"Intl Migrant Stock"/>||30.77%

|-

|{{flag|Kuwait}}||[[Indians in Kuwait]]||1,152,175<ref name="Intl Migrant Stock"/><ref name="gulfnews">{{Cite news |title=Kuwait MP seeks five-year cap on expat workers' stay |work=Gulf News|date=30 January 2014|url=http://gulfnews.com/news/gulf/kuwait/kuwait-mp-seeks-five-year-cap-on-expat-workers-stay-1.1284513 |url-status=live |access-date=21 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180828203246/https://gulfnews.com/news/gulf/kuwait/kuwait-mp-seeks-five-year-cap-on-expat-workers-stay-1.1284513 |archive-date=28 August 2018}}</ref>||25.81%

|[[Bhutan]]|| ||1,500<ref name=littleindia/>

|-

|{{flag|Qatar}}||[[KazakhstanIndians in Qatar]]|| ||1702,127013<ref name=littleindia"Intl Migrant Stock"/>||24.67%

|-

|{{flag|Bahrain}}||[[Indians in Bahrain]]||326,658||22.19%

|[[Iran]]|| ||800<ref name=littleindia/>

|-

|{{flag|Israel}}||[[Indians in Israel]], [[Indian Jews in Israel]]||48,000<ref>{{cite web| title =JEWS, BY COUNTRY OF ORIGIN(1) AND AGE| url =https://www.cbs.gov.il/he/publications/doclib/2021/2.shnatonpopulation/st02_08.pdf| quote =הודו ופקיסטן [India and Pakistan]| date =2021| website =cbs.gov.il| publisher =Central Bureau of Statistics, Israel| access-date =7 August 2023}}</ref> / 97,467<ref name="POI"/>||0.7%

|[[Uzbekistan]]|| ||690<ref name=littleindia/>

|-

|{{flag|Armenia}}|| ||28,659<ref name="JamNews">{{Cite web |date=21 January 2019 |title=Indians in Armenia – why they're coming and what they're doing here |url=https://jam-news.net/indians-in-armenia-why-theyre-coming-and-what-theyre-doing-here/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112004725/https://jam-news.net/indians-in-armenia-why-theyre-coming-and-what-theyre-doing-here/ |archive-date=12 November 2020 |access-date=19 September 2019 |website=jam-news.net}}</ref>||1.0%

|[[Afghanistan]]|| ||500<ref name=littleindia/>

|-

|{{flag|Jordan}}|| ||20,760||0.19%

|[[Tajikistan]]|| ||400<ref name=littleindia/>

|-

|{{flag|Kyrgyzstan}}||[[India–Kyrgyzstan relations#Indians in Kyrgyzstan|Indians in Kyrgyzstan]]||11,204||0.17%

|[[Vietnam]]|| ||320<ref name=littleindia/>

|-

|{{flag|Yemen}}||[[Indians in Yemen]]||10,500||0.04%

|[[Cambodia]]|| ||300<ref name=littleindia/>

|-

|{{flag|Cyprus}}||[[Indians in Cyprus]]|| 7,499||300<ref name=littleindia/>0.84%

|-

|{{flag|Kazakhstan}}||[[Hinduism in Kazakhstan]]||6,885||0.05%

|[[Turkey]]|| ||300<ref name=littleindia/>

|-

|{{flag|Algeria}}|| ||5,710||0.01%

|[[Azerbaijan]]|| ||250<ref name=littleindia/>

|-

|{{flag|Iran}}||[[Indians in Iran]]||4,337||0.01%

|[[Armenia]]|| ||200<ref name=littleindia/>

|-

|{{flag|Georgia}}|| ||3,948<ref>{{cite web| title =Number or immigrants and emigrants by sex and citizenship| url =https://www.geostat.ge/en/modules/categories/322/migration| date =2022| website =geostat.ge| publisher =National Statistics Office of Georgia| access-date =7 August 2023}}</ref>||0.11%

|[[Laos]]|| ||125<ref name=littleindia/>

|-

|{{flag|Afghanistan|2013}}||[[Indians in Afghanistan]]||3,106||0.01%

|[[Iraq]]|| ||110<ref name=littleindia/>

|-

||{{flagicon|Turkey}} [[Turkey]]||[[Indians in Turkey]]<br />[[Turkic peoples in India]]||3,092<ref>{{cite web| title =Vatandaşlık ülkesine göre yabancı nüfus| trans-title =Foreign population by country of citizenship| language =tr| url =https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=The-Results-of-Address-Based-Population-Registration-System-2021-45500| date =2022| website =tuik.gov.tr| publisher =Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu (Turkish Statistical Institute)| access-date =7 August 2023}}</ref>||0.004%

|[[Kyrgyzstan]]|| ||100<ref name=littleindia/>

|-

|[[Mongolia]]{{flag|Sudan}}|| ||351,764<ref name=littleindia"Intl Migrant Stock"/>||0.004%

|-

|{{flag|Libya}}|| ||1,502||0.02%

|[[North Korea]]|| ||5<ref name=littleindia/>

|- bgcolor="#ccccff"

|'''[[Europe]]'''|| ||6,300,000<ref name="population">[http://www.nriol.com/indiandiaspora/indian-overseas-population.asp Indian population growth]</ref>

|-

|[[United Kingdom]]{{flag|Lebanon}}||[[BritishIndians Asian]],in [[Anglo-IndianLebanon]]||21,850,000311<ref name="populationIntl Migrant Stock"/>||0.02%

|-

|{{flag|Egypt}}||[[Indians in Egypt]]||1,249<ref name="Intl Migrant Stock"/>||0.001%

|[[Netherlands]]|| [[Hindoestanen]] ||300,000

|-

|[[Italy]]{{flag|Tajikistan}}|| ||71,500618<ref name=littleindia"Intl Migrant Stock"/>||0.01%

|-

|{{flag|Uzbekistan}}|| ||399||0.001%

|[[Portugal]]|| ||70,000<ref name=littleindia/>

|-

|{{flag|Morocco}}|| ||320<ref name="POI 2016">{{cite web| title =Population of Overseas Indians| url =https://www.mea.gov.in/images/pdf/NRIs-and-PIOs.pdf| date =December 2016| website =mea.gov.in| publisher =Ministry of External Affairs, Government of India| access-date =7 August 2023}}</ref>||0.001%

|[[France]]|| ||70,000

|-

|{{flag|Turkmenistan}}|| ||240||0.004%

|[[Germany]]|| [[Indian-Germans]] ||35,000 - 100.000<ref name=littleindia/>

|-

|[[Spain]]{{flag|Iraq}}|| ||29,000234<ref name=littleindia"Intl Migrant Stock"/>||0.001%

|-

|{{flag|Mauritania}}|| ||150||0.004%

|[[Switzerland]]|| ||13,500<ref name=littleindia/>

|-

|{{flag|Tunisia}}|| ||137||0.001%

|[[Austria]]|| ||11,945<ref name=littleindia/>

|-

|{{flag|Syria}}|| ||94||0.0004%

|[[Sweden]]|| ||11,000<ref name=littleindia/>

|-

|{{flag|Azerbaijan}}||[[Hinduism in Azerbaijan]]||67<ref>{{cite web |title=Migration &ndash; International migration |url=https://www.stat.gov.az/source/demoqraphy/?lang=en |quote=7.2. Distribution of person arriving and departing to Azerbaijan for permanent residency |date=2023 |website=stat.gov.az |publisher=The State Statistical Committee of the Republic of Azerbaijan |access-date=7 August 2023}}</ref>||0.001%

|[[Belgium]]|| ||7,000<ref name=littleindia/>

|-

|{{flag|Palestine}}{{efn|<!-- Palestine has been recognized worldwide as a state, even if its recognition can be heavily discussed. See [[Talk:State_of_Palestine]]. --><ref>Multiple sources:

|[[Greece]]|| ||7,000<ref name=littleindia/>

*{{cite book |author=Tessler, Mark |title=A History of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict |edition=2nd, illustrated |year=1994 |publisher=Indiana University Press |page=[https://archive.org/details/historyofisraeli00tess_0/page/722 722] |isbn=978-0-253-20873-6 |url=https://archive.org/details/historyofisraeli00tess_0/page/722|quote=Within two weeks of the PNC meeting, at least fifty-five nations, including states as diverse as the Soviet Union, China, India, Greece, Yugoslavia, Sri Lanka, Malta, and Zambia, had recognised the Palestinian state.}}

*{{cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-palestinians-statehood-idUSBRE8AR0EG20121129 |title=Palestinians win implicit U.N. recognition of sovereign state |date=29 November 2012 |work=Reuters |access-date=29 November 2012}}</ref>}}|| ||20||0.0004%

|-

| ||See also: [[Arabs in India]]

|[[Norway]]|| ||5,630<ref name=littleindia/>

|-style="background:#ccf;"|-bgcolor="#ccccff"

|'''[[Sub-Saharan Africa]]'''|| ||'''~2,911,200'''||

|-

|{{flag|South Africa}}||[[UkraineIndian South Africans]]|| ||31,400375,834<ref name=littleindia"statssa"/>||2.47%

|-

|{{flag|Mauritius}}||[[Mauritians of Indian origin]]||894,500||70.67%

|[[Denmark]]|| ||2,152<ref name=littleindia/>

|-

|{{flag|Réunion}} ''(France)''||[[Réunionnais of Indian origin]] ([[Malbars]], [[Zarabes]])||297,300||34.95%

|[[Republic of Ireland]]|| ||1,600<ref name=littleindia/>

|-

|{{flag|Kenya}}||[[Indians in Kenya]]||47,555 (Kenyan nationals)<br />42,972 (non-Kenyan nationals)<ref>{{cite web| title =''2019 Kenya Population and Housing Census: Volume IV'' &ndash; Distribution of Population by Socio-Economic Characteristics| url =https://www.knbs.or.ke/?wpdmpro=2019-kenya-population-and-housing-census-volume-iv-distribution-of-population-by-socio-economic-characteristics&wpdmdl=5730&ind=7HRl6KateNzKXCJaxxaHSh1qe6C1M6VHznmVmKGBKgO5qIMXjby1XHM2u_swXdiR| pages =437| quote =Table 2.31: Distribution of Population by Ethnicity/Nationality &#124; KENYAN ASIANS &#124; NON-KENYANS &ndash; ASIANS| date =December 2019| website =knbs.or.ke| publisher =Kenya National Bureau of Statistics| access-date =7 August 2023}}</ref>||0.19%

|[[Finland]]|| ||1,170<ref name=littleindia/>

|-

|{{flag|Tanzania}}||[[Indians in Tanzania]]||60,000||0.1%

|[[Serbia]]|| ||1,000

|-

|{{flag|Nigeria}}|| ||40,035||0.02%

|[[Poland]]|| ||825<ref name=littleindia/>

|-

|{{flag|Uganda}}||[[Indians in Uganda]]||30,000||0.07%

|[[Romania]]|| ||491<ref name=littleindia/>

|-

|{{flag|Madagascar}}||[[Indians in Madagascar]]||17,500||0.06%

|[[Czech Republic]]|| ||420<ref name=littleindia/>

|-

|{{flag|Seychelles}}||[[Indo-Seychellois]]||17,200||17.47%

|[[Andorra]]|| ||200<ref name=littleindia/>

|-

|{{flag|Mozambique}}||[[Indians in Mozambique]]||15,492<ref>{{cite web| title =Population by national and/or ethnic group, sex and urban/rural residence| url = https://data.un.org/Data.aspx?d=POP&f=tableCode:26| date =2023| website =data.un.org| publisher =United Nations Statistics Division| access-date =7 August 2023}}</ref>||0.06%

|[[Slovakia]]|| ||100<ref name=littleindia/>

|-

|{{flag|Congo DR}}|| ||10,008||0.01%

|[[Belarus]]|| ||70<ref name=littleindia/>

|-

|{{flag|Ghana}}||[[Ghanaian Indian]]||10,000||0.03%

|[[Bulgaria]]|| ||20<ref name=littleindia/>

|-

|{{flag|Zimbabwe}}||[[Indians in Zimbabwe]]||9,500||0.06%

|[[Croatia]]|| ||10<ref name=littleindia/>

|-

|{{flag|Zambia}}||[[LithuaniaIndians in Zambia]]|| ||5,709<ref name=littleindia"Intl Migrant Stock"/>||0.03%

|- bgcolor="#ccccff"

|'''[[Americas]]'''|| ||5,327,860

|-

|{{flag|Botswana}}||[[Indians in Botswana]]||5,650<ref name="Intl Migrant Stock"/>||0.24%

|[[United States]]||[[Indian American]], [[Indo-Caribbean American]],<br>[[South Asian American]]||2,479,424<ref>{{cite web |url=http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/IPTable?_bm=y&-geo_id=01000US&-qr_name=ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201&-qr_name=ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201PR&-qr_name=ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201T&-qr_name=ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201TPR&-reg=ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201:032;ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201PR:032;ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201T:032;ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201TPR:032&-ds_name=ACS_2005_EST_G00_&-_lang=en&-format=|coauthors=United States Census Bureau|title=US demographic census|accessdate=2006-11-19}}</ref>

|-

|{{flag|Ethiopia}}|| ||5,515||0.01%

|[[Suriname]]||[[Hindoestanen]]||950,000<ref name="population"/>

|-

|{{flag|Angola}}|| ||4,500||0.01%

|[[Canada]]||[[Indo-Canadian]], [[Tamil Canadians]]||963,190<ref>[http://www12.statcan.ca/english/census01/products/standard/themes/RetrieveProductTable.cfm?Temporal=2001&PID=62911&APATH=3&GID=431515&METH=1&PTYPE=55440&THEME=44&FOCUS=0&AID=0&PLACENAME=0&PROVINCE=0&SEARCH=0&GC=99&GK=NA&VID=0&VNAMEE=&VNAMEF=&FL=0&RL=0&FREE=0 Canada Census 2001]</ref>

|-

|{{flag|Lesotho}}|| ||3,000||0.15%

|[[Trinidad and Tobago]]||[[Indo-Trinidadian]], [[Indo-Caribbean]]||500,600<ref name=littleindia/>

|-

|{{flag|Rwanda}}|| ||3,000||0.02%

|[[Guyana]]||[[Indo-Guyanese]], [[Indo-Caribbean]]||395,350<ref name=littleindia/>

|-

|{{flag|Malawi}}|| ||2,408<ref name="UNdataF">{{cite web| title =Foreign-born population by country/area of birth, age and sex| url =https://data.un.org/Data.aspx?d=pop&f=tableCode%3A44| date =2023| website =data.un.org| publisher =United Nations Statistics Division| access-date =7 August 2023}}</ref>||0.01%

|[[Jamaica]]||[[Indo-Caribbean]]||61,500<ref name=littleindia/>

|-

|{{flag|Côte d'Ivoire}}|| ||1,500||0.01%

|[[Guadeloupe]]||[[Indo-Caribbean]]||40,000<ref name=littleindia/>

|-

|{{flag|Liberia}}|| ||1,500||0.03%

|[[Saint Vincent and the Grenadines]]||[[Indo-Caribbean]]||6,500<ref name=Joshua>[http://www.joshuaproject.net/peoples.php?rop3=102818 East Indian]. Joshua Project.</ref>

|-

|{{flag|Swaziland}}|| ||1,500||0.14%

|[[St. Lucia]]||[[Indo-Caribbean]]||4,700<ref name=Joshua/>

|-

|{{flag|South Sudan}}|| ||1,100||0.01%

|[[Puerto Rico]]||[[Asian Latin American]]||4,500<ref name=Joshua/>

|-

|{{flag|Sierra Leone}}|| ||959<ref name="Intl Migrant Stock"/>||0.01%

|[[Barbados]]||[[Indo-Caribbean]]||2,200<ref name=littleindia/>

|-

|{{flag|Gambia}}|| ||716||0.03%

|[[Panama]]||[[Indo-Caribbean]]||2,164<ref name=littleindia/>

|-

|{{flag|Namibia}}|| ||704<ref name="Intl Migrant Stock"/>||0.03%

|[[Guatemala]]||[[Indo-Canadian]], [[Asian Latin American]]||2,000<ref>[http://www.prensalibre.com/pl/2005/mayo/15/114382.html Sólo queremos igualdad]. ''prensalibre.com''</ref>

|-

|{{flag|Djibouti}}|| ||650||0.07%

|[[Brazil]]||[[Asian Latin American]]||1,900<ref name=littleindia/>

|-

|{{flag|Congo}}|| ||598||0.01%

|[[Argentina]]||[[Asian Latin American]]||1,600<ref name=littleindia/>

|-

|{{flag|Senegal}}|| ||532||0.003%

|[[Saint Kitts and Nevis]]||[[Indo-Caribbean]]||1,100<ref name=littleindia/>

|-

|{{flag|Togo}}|| ||510||0.01%

|[[Virgin Islands]]||[[Indo-Caribbean]]||900<ref name=Joshua/>

|-

|{{flag|Burundi}}|| ||500||0.004%

|[[Venezuela]]||[[Asian Latin American]]||690<ref name=littleindia/>

|-

|{{flag|Mali}}|| ||437||0.002%

|[[Chile]]||[[Asian Latin American]]||650<ref name=littleindia/>

|-

|{{flag|Eritrea}}|| ||303||0.01%

|[[Belize]]||[[Indo-Caribbean]], [[Asian Latin American]]||500<ref name=littleindia/>

|-

|[[Mexico]]{{flag|Benin}}||[[Asian Latin American]]||400291<ref name=littleindia"UNdataF"/>||0.003%

|-

|[[Peru]]{{flag|Cameroon}}||[[Asian Latin American]]||145250<ref name=littleindia"POI 2016"/>||0.001%

|-

|{{flag|Equatorial Guinea}}|| ||250||0.02%

|[[Colombia]]||[[Asian Latin American]]||20<ref name=littleindia/>

|-

|{{flag|Comoros}}|| ||230||0.02%

|[[Dominica]]||[[Indo-Caribbean]]||20<ref name=littleindia/>

|-

|{{flag|Burkina Faso}}|| ||205||0.001%

|[[Costa Rica]]||[[Asian Latin American]]||16<ref name=littleindia/>

|-

|{{flag|Niger}}|| ||150||0.001%

|[[Ecuador]]||[[Asian Latin American]]||5<ref name=littleindia/>

|- bgcolor="#ccccff"

|'''[[Africa]]'''|| ||2,784,182

|-

|{{flag|Chad}}|| ||120||0.001%

|[[South Africa]]||[[Indian South Africans]],<br>[[Asians in South Africa]]||1,163,900

|-

|{{flag|Gabon}}|| ||110<ref name="POI 2016"/>||0.01%

|[[Mauritius]]||[[Indo-Mauritian]]||800,000

|-

|{{flag|Guinea Bissau}}|| ||104||0.01%

|[[Réunion]]||[[Indo-Réunionnaise]]||250,000

|-

|{{flag|Central African Republic}}|| ||100||0.002%

|[[Kenya]]|| ||102,500<ref name=littleindia/>

|-

|[[Tanzania]]{{flag|Somalia}}|| ||90,000100<ref name=littleindia"POI 2016"/>||0.001%

|-

|{{flag|Guinea}}|| ||74<ref name="UNdataF"/>||0.001%

|[[Madagascar]]|| ||30,000

|-

|{{flag|Sao Tome and Principe}}|| ||51||0.02%

|[[Nigeria]]|| Indian Language School[http://www.ilslagos.com/ 1 ] [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Language_School 2 ] ||25,000<ref name=littleindia/>

|-

|{{flag|Cape Verde}}|| ||20||0.004%

|[[Mozambique]]|| ||21,000

|-

| ||See also: [[Siddi]]

|[[Zambia]]|| ||20,000

|-style="background:#ccf;"|-bgcolor="#ccccff"

|'''[[Central and South America]]'''|| ||'''42,420+'''||

|-

|{{flag|Brazil}}||[[Indian immigration to Brazil]]||23,254<ref>{{cite web| title =Banco Interativo – Imigrantes internacionais registrados no Brasil| trans-title =Interactive Database – International immigrants registered in Brazil| language =pt| url =https://www.nepo.unicamp.br/observatorio/bancointerativo/numeros-imigracao-internacional/sincre-sismigra/| quote = País de nascimento [Country of birth] &ndash; Índia [India]| date =May 2022| website =nepo.unicamp.br| publisher =Observatório das Migrações em São Paulo – NEPO/UNICAMP (Migration Observatory in São Paulo, Brazil)| access-date =7 August 2023}}</ref>||0.01%

|[[Zimbabwe]]|| ||20,000

|-

|{{flag|Panama}}||[[LibyaIndians in Panama]]|| ||125,400383<ref name=littleindia"Intl Migrant Stock"/>||0.12%

|-

|{{flag|Puerto Rico}} ''(USA)''|| ||4,984<ref>{{cite web| title =ASIAN ALONE OR IN ANY COMBINATION BY SELECTED GROUPS. ''American Community Survey, ACS 5-Year Estimates Detailed Tables, Table B02018''| url =https://data.census.gov/table?q=B02018&g=040XX00US72| date =2021| website =data.census.gov| publisher =U.S. Census Bureau| access-date =7 August 2023}}</ref>||0.15%

|[[Uganda]]|| ||12,000<ref name=littleindia/>

|-

|{{flag|Mexico}}||[[Indian Mexicans]]||2,656<ref>{{cite web| title =Censo de Población y Vivienda 2020 &ndash; Conjunto de datos: Población total| trans-title =Population and Housing Census 2020 &ndash; Data set: Total population| language =es| url =https://www.inegi.org.mx/sistemas/Olap/Proyectos/bd/censos/cpv2020/pt.asp#| quote =Seleccione las variables [Select the variables, at least two] &ndash; Migracion [Migration] &ndash; Lugar de nacimiento [Place of birth] &#124; En otro país [In another country] &ndash; India| website =inegi.org.mx| publisher =Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía - INEGI (National Institute of Statistic and Geography, Mexico)| access-date =7 August 2023}}</ref>||0.002%

|[[Botswana]]||[[Indians in Botswana]]||9,000<ref name=littleindia/>

|-

|{{flag|Chile}}||[[Indians in Chile]]||1,767<ref>{{cite web| title =Censo de Población y Vivienda 2017| trans-title =Population and Housing Census 2017| language =es| url =https://redatam-ine.ine.cl/redbin/RpWebEngine.exe/Portal?BASE=CENSO_2017&lang=esp| quote =Cruces [Crosstabs] &ndash; Variables de Personas [Population Variables] &ndash; País de nacimiento [Country of birth] &#124; India| date =2018| website =ine.cl| publisher =Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas INE (National Statistics Institute), Chile| access-date =7 August 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |publisher=Biblioteca del Congreso Nacional de Chile |date=9 October 2008 |title=Bharat Dadlani: "La comunidad hindú de Chile se siente como en casa" |url=http://asiapacifico.bcn.cl/entrevistas/barat-dadlani-comunidad-hindu-chile |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131108020707/http://asiapacifico.bcn.cl/entrevistas/barat-dadlani-comunidad-hindu-chile |archive-date=8 November 2013 |access-date=20 April 2016 |website=Observatorio Asiapacifico}}</ref>||0.01%

|[[Seychelles]]||[[Indo-Seychellois]]||5,000<ref name=littleindia/>

|-

|{{flag|Peru}}||[[Indians in Peru]]||626<ref>{{cite web| title =ESTADÍSTICAS DE LA EMIGRACIÓN INTERNACIONAL DE PERUANOS E INMIGRACIÓN DE EXTRANJEROS, 1990 – 2017| trans-title =STATISTICS OF PERUVIANS' INTERNATIONAL EMIGRATION AND FOREIGNERS' IMMIGRATION, 1990 – 2017| language =es| url =https://www.inei.gob.pe/media/MenuRecursivo/publicaciones_digitales/Est/Lib1549/libro.pdf| pages =239| quote =EXTRANJEROS RESIDENTES POR SEXO, SEGÚN NACIONALIDAD AL 2017 [RESIDENT FOREIGNERS BY SEX, ACCORDING TO NATIONALITY AS AT 2017] &#124; India| date =2018| website =inei.gob.pe| publisher =Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática (National Statistics and Informatics Institute, Peru)| access-date =7 August 2023}}</ref>||0.002%

|[[Ghana]]|| ||3,800<ref name=littleindia/>

|-

|{{flag|Cuba}}||[[Indo-Caribbean people]]{{·}}[[Asian Latin Americans]]||601||0.01%

|[[Eritrea]]|| ||1,753<ref name=littleindia/>

|-

|{{flag|Paraguay}}||[[Asian Latin Americans]]||600||0.01%

|[[Sudan]]|| ||1,500<ref name=littleindia/>

|-

|{{flag|Argentina}}||[[EgyptIndians in Argentina]]|| ||1,390600<ref name=littleindia"UNdataF"/>||0.001%

|-

|{{flag|Colombia}}||[[Asian Latin Americans]]||374<ref>{{cite web| title =Censo Nacional de Población y Vivienda 2018| trans-title =National Population and Housing Census 2018| language =es| url =http://systema59.dane.gov.co/bincol/RpWebEngine.exe/Portal?BASE=CNPVBASE4V2&lang=esp| quote =Consultar información [Check information] &ndash; Cruce de Variables [Variables Crosstabs] &ndash; Personas [Population] &ndash; País de nacimiento [Country of birth] &#124; India| date =2018| website =dane.gov.co| publisher =Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadísticas DANE (National Administrative Department of Statistics, Colombia)| access-date =7 August 2023}}</ref>||0.001%

|[[Ethiopia]]|| ||734<ref name=littleindia/>

|-

|{{flag|Ecuador}}||[[Ecuador–India relations]]||355||0.002%

|[[Benin]]|| ||450<ref name=littleindia/>

|-

|{{flag|Uruguay}}||[[Indian Uruguayans]]||125<ref>{{cite news| last =Montautti| first =Maximiliano| title =Hay 12.151 extranjeros de 81 países con actividad laboral en Uruguay| trans-title =There are 12,151 foreigners from 81 countries with work activity in Uruguay | language =es| url =http://www.elpais.com.uy/economia/noticias/extranjeros-uruguay-actividad-laboral-crecimiento.html| newspaper =El Pais| ___location =Montevideo, Uruguay| date =<!--Not stated-->| access-date =7 August 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131105165312/http://www.elpais.com.uy/economia/noticias/extranjeros-uruguay-actividad-laboral-crecimiento.html| archive-date =5 November 2013}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=BLA Article – for Indian in Uruguay |url=https://www.scribd.com/doc/6340631/BLA-Article-for-Indian-in-Uruguay |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160531030004/https://www.scribd.com/doc/6340631/BLA-Article-for-Indian-in-Uruguay |archive-date=31 May 2016 |access-date=20 April 2016 |website=Scribd}}</ref>||0.004%

|[[Morocco]]|| ||375<ref name=littleindia/>

|-

|{{flag|Dominican Republic}}||[[Indo-Caribbean people]]||90<ref>{{cite web| title =IX CENSO NACIONAL DE POBLACIÓN Y VIVIENDA 2010 &ndash; Informe General| trans-title =IX NATIONAL POPULATION AND HOUSING CENSUS 2010 &ndash; General Report | language =es| url = https://censo2010.one.gob.do/volumenes_censo_2010/vol1.pdf | pages =98| quote =Población nacida en otro país, por zona de residencia y sexo, según país de nacimiento [Population born in another country, by area of residence and sex, according to country of birth] &#124; India| date =June 2012| website =one.gob.do| publisher =Oficina Nacional de Estadística (National Statistics Office, Dominican Republic)| access-date =7 August 2023}}</ref>||0.001%

|[[Burundi]]|| ||300<ref name=littleindia/>

|-

|{{flag|Costa Rica}}||[[Asian Latin Americans]]||83<ref>{{cite web| title =Población total nacida en el extranjero por zona y sexo, según país de nacimiento y año de llegada al país| trans-title =Total population born abroad by area and sex, according to country of birth and year of arrival in the country| language =es| url = https://admin.inec.cr/sites/default/files/media/repoblaccenso2011-03.xls_5.xls| quote =India| date =2011| website =inec.cr| publisher =Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Censos (National Institute of Statistics and Censuses, Costa Rica)| access-date =7 August 2023}}</ref>||0.002%

|[[Cote d'Ivoire]]|| ||300<ref name=littleindia/>

|-

|{{flag|Guatemala}}||[[Asian Latin Americans]]||83||0.0005%

|[[Djibouti]]|| ||280<ref name=littleindia/>

|-

|{{flag|Venezuela}}||[[Indians in Venezuela]]||80||0.0002%

|[[Cameroon]]|| ||250<ref name=littleindia/>

|-

|{{flag|Bolivia}}|| ||60||0.001%

|[[Gambia]]|| ||135<ref name=littleindia/>

|-

|{{flag|Nicaragua}}||[[Asian Latin Americans]]||40||0.001%

|[[Chad]]|| ||125<ref name=littleindia/>

|-

|{{flag|El Salvador}}||[[Asian Latin Americans]]||17||0.0003%

|[[Namibia]]|| ||110<ref name=littleindia/>

|-

|{{flag|Honduras}}||[[Asian Latin Americans]]||17||0.0002%

|[[Tunisia]]|| ||70<ref name=littleindia/>

|-style="background:#ccf;"|-bgcolor="#ccccff"

|'''[[Northern America]] and the [[Caribbean]]'''|| ||'''7,443,900+'''||

|-

|{{flag|United States}}||[[Indian Americans]]||4,946,306<ref>{{cite web| title =ASIAN ALONE OR IN ANY COMBINATION BY SELECTED GROUPS. ''American Community Survey, ACS 5-Year Estimates Detailed Tables, Table B02018''| url =https://data.census.gov/table?q=B02018| date =2021| website =data.census.gov| publisher =U.S. Census Bureau| access-date =7 August 2023}}</ref>||1.49%

|[[Comoros]]|| ||50<ref name=littleindia/>

|-

|{{flag|Canada}}||[[Indo-Canadians]]||1,858,755<ref name="Canada Census"/>{{efn|name=NoteCanadaPopulation2021}}||5.12%

|[[Algeria]]|| ||45<ref name=littleindia/>

|-

|{{flag|Trinidad and Tobago}}||[[Indo–Trinidadians and Tobagonians]]||468,524<ref name="cso.gov.tt">{{cite web| title =POPULATION AND HOUSING CENSUS DEMOGRAPHIC REPORT| url =http://www.cso.gov.tt/sites/default/files/content/images/census/TRINIDAD%20AND%20TOBAGO%202011%20Demographic%20Report.pdf| pages =94| quote =NON-INSTITUTIONAL POPULATION BY SEX, AGE GROUP, ETHNIC GROUP AND MUNICIPALITY| date =2012| website =cso.gov.tt| publisher =Central Statistics Office, Trinidad & Tobago| access-date =7 August 2023| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20130502230527/http://www.cso.gov.tt/sites/default/files/content/images/census/TRINIDAD%20AND%20TOBAGO%202011%20Demographic%20Report.pdf| archive-date =2 May 2013}}</ref>||31.02%

|[[Angola]]|| ||45<ref name=littleindia/>

|-

|{{flag|Guyana}}||[[Indo-Guyanese]]||299,382<ref name="POI"/><ref>{{cite web| title =''2012 Census'' &ndash; COMPENDIUM 2 &ndash; POPULATION COMPOSITION| url =https://statisticsguyana.gov.gy/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/Final_2012_Census_Compendium2.pdf| date =July 2016| website =statisticsguyana.gov.gy| publisher =Bureau of Statistics, Guyana| url-status= live| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210105002255/https://statisticsguyana.gov.gy/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/Final_2012_Census_Compendium2.pdf| archive-date =5 January 2021| access-date =25 March 2021}}</ref>||38.88%

|[[Guinea-Bissau]]|| ||25<ref name=littleindia/>

|-

|{{flag|Suriname}}||[[Indo-Surinamese]]||237,205||39.37%

|[[Senegal]]|| ||21<ref name=littleindia/>

|-

|{{flag|Jamaica}}||[[Indo-Jamaicans]]||101,486<ref name="Jamaica">{{cite book |doi=10.18356/eada27b7-en |chapter=Jamaica |title=World Population Policies 2015 |date=2019 |pages=302–303 |isbn=9789210576116}}{{page needed|date=December 2023}}</ref>||3.72%

|[[Mali]]|| ||20<ref name=littleindia/>

|-

|{{flag|Martinique}} ''(France)''||[[Indo-Martiniquais]]||36,123<ref name="Statistiques ethniques">{{cite web |title=Statistiques ethniques |url=https://www.insee.fr/fr/information/2108548 |website=Insee.fr |publisher=Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques (INSEE) |access-date=24 June 2022}}</ref>||9.64%

|[[Cape Verde]]|| ||4<ref name=littleindia/>

|- bgcolor="#ccccff"

|'''[[Oceania]]'''|| ||731,070

|-

|[[Fiji]]{{flag|Guadeloupe}} ''(France)''||[[Indians in FijiIndo-Guadeloupeans]]||47035,000617<ref name="populationStatistiques ethniques"/>||8.30%

|-

|{{flag|Belize}}||[[Indo-Belizeans]]||12,452<ref>{{cite web| title =Belize Population and Housing Census 2010 &ndash; Country Report| url =http://www.sib.org.bz/Portals/0/docs/publications/census/2010_Census_Report.pdf| pages =37| date =2013| website =sib.org.bz| publisher =The Statistical Institute of Belize| access-date =7 August 2023 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20160127084833/http://www.sib.org.bz/Portals/0/docs/publications/census/2010_Census_Report.pdf| archive-date =27 January 2016}}</ref>||3.86%

|[[Australia]]|| ||190,000<ref name=littleindia/>

|-

|{{flag|Saint Lucia}}||[[Indo–Saint Lucian]]||3,575<ref>{{cite web| title =2010 HOUSING & POPULATION CENSUS| url =https://redatam.org/binlca/RpWebEngine.exe/Portal?BASE=PHC2010C| quote =Population and housing &ndash; Crosstabs of variables &ndash; Ethnic group| date =10 February 2023| website =redatam.org| publisher =CSO St.Lucia - The Central Statistics Office| access-date =7 August 2023}}</ref>||2.16%

|[[New Zealand]]|| ||70,000

|-

|{{flag|Barbados}}||[[Indians in Barbados]]||3,018<ref>{{cite web| title =2010 POPULATION AND HOUSING CENSUS &ndash; Volume 1| url =http://www.barstats.gov.bb/files/documents/PHC_2010_Census_Volume_1.pdf| pages =67| date =September 2013| website =barstats.gov.bb| publisher =Barbados Statistical Service| access-date =7 August 2023| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20170118220332/http://www.barstats.gov.bb/files/documents/PHC_2010_Census_Volume_1.pdf| archive-date =18 January 2017}}</ref>||1.33%

|[[Papua New Guinea]]|| ||1,000<ref name=littleindia/>

|-

|{{flag|Grenada}}||[[Indo-Grenadians]]||2,284<ref>{{cite web| title =Non-Institutional Population in Private Dwellings by Ethnic Composition, Sex, Percentage Distribution and Percentage, 2011 and 2001| url =https://stats.gov.gd/subjects/population-2/non-institutional-population-in-private-dwellings-by-ethnic-composition-sex-percentage-distribution-and-percentage-2011-and-2001/| website =stats.gov.gd| publisher =Central Statistical Office Grenada| access-date =7 August 2023}}</ref>||2.16%

|[[Vanuatu]]|| ||50<ref name=littleindia/>

|-

|{{flag|Cayman Islands}} ''(UK)''||[[Indo-Caribbean people]]||1,218<ref>{{cite web| title =COMPENDIUM OF STATISTICS 2019| url =https://www.eso.ky/UserFiles/right_page_docums/files/uploads/chapter_10_-_labour_force_and_employment.xlsx| quote =Work Permits By Nationality, 2019| website =eso.ky| publisher =Economics and Statistics Office, Cayman Islands (UK)| access-date =7 August 2023}}</ref>||1.84%

|[[Solomon Islands]]|| ||20<ref name=littleindia/>

|-

|- bgcolor="#ccccff"

|{{flag|Saint Vincent and the Grenadines}}||[[Indo-Vincentian]]||1,199<ref>{{cite web| title =POPULATION AND HOUSING CENSUS REPORT – 2012| url =https://stats.gov.vc/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/2012-Housing-and-Population-Census-Report-final-draft-4.pdf| pages =39| date =2012| website =stats.gov.vc| publisher =Statistical Office, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines| access-date =7 August 2023| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20230422191346/https://stats.gov.vc/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/2012-Housing-and-Population-Census-Report-final-draft-4.pdf| archive-date =22 April 2023}}</ref>||1.1%

|'''Total Overseas Indian Population'''|| ||30,936,172

|-

|{{flag|Antigua and Barbuda}}||[[Indo-Caribbean people]]||942<ref>{{cite web| title =Antigua and Barbuda 2011 Housing and Population Census| url =https://redatam.org/binatg/RpWebEngine.exe/Portal?BASE=ATGPHC2011| quote =Basic tabulations &ndash; Crosstabulations &ndash; Select variable &ndash; Ethnic| date =2019| website =redatam.org| publisher =Statistics Division, Ministry of Finance & Corporate Governance, Antigua and Barbuda| access-date =7 August 2023}}</ref>||1.11%

|-

|{{flag|Saint Kitts and Nevis}}||[[Indo-Caribbean people]]||709<ref>{{cite web| title =2000 ROUND OF POPULATION AND HOUSING CENSUS SUB-PROJECT &ndash; NATIONAL CENSUS REPORT &ndash; ST. KITTS AND NEVIS| url =http://www.caricomstats.org/Files/Publications/NCR%20Reports/Kitts.pdf| pages =51| date =2009| website =caricomstats.org| publisher =[[CARICOM]] Secretariat| access-date =7 August 2023| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20180205005511/http://www.caricomstats.org/Files/Publications/NCR%20Reports/Kitts.pdf| archive-date =5 February 2018}}</ref>||1.53%

|-

|{{flag|Haiti}}||[[Indo-Haitians]]||580||0.01%

|-

|{{flag|Bermuda}} ''(UK)''|| ||572<ref name="Intl Migrant Stock"/>||0.89%

|-

|{{flag|Bahamas}}||[[Indo-Caribbean people]]||519<ref name="UNdataF"/>||0.15%

|-

|{{flag|British Virgin Islands}} ''(UK)''||[[Indo-Caribbean people]]||443<ref>{{cite web| title =Virgin Islands 2010 Population and Housing Census Report| url =https://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/sources/census/wphc/BVI/VGB-2016-09-08.pdf| pages =65| website =un.org| access-date =7 August 2023}}</ref>||1.58%

|-

|{{flag|Curaçao}} ''(Netherlands)''||[[Indo-Caribbean people]]||394<ref>{{cite web| title =Census 2011| url =https://curacaodata.cbs.cw/census-2011| quote =Migration &ndash; Population by country of nationality| website =cbs.cw| date =12 August 2020| publisher =Central Bureau of Statistics Curaçao| access-date =7 August 2023| archive-date =2023-06-01 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20230601011149/https://curacaodata.cbs.cw/census-2011| url-status =dead}}</ref>||0.26%

|-

|{{flag|Aruba}} ''(Netherlands)''||[[Indo-Caribbean people]]||314<ref name="UNdataF"/>||0.31%

|-

|{{flag|Montserrat}} ''(UK)''||[[Indo-Caribbean people]]||240||5.19%

|-

|{{flag|Turks and Caicos Islands}} ''(UK)''||[[Indo-Caribbean people]]||235||0.59%

|-

|{{flag|Dominica}}||[[Indo-Caribbean people]]||97<ref>{{cite web| title =2000 ROUND OF POPULATION AND HOUSING CENSUS SUB-PROJECT &ndash; NATIONAL CENSUS REPORT &ndash; DOMINICA| url =http://www.caricomstats.org/Files/Publications/NCR%20Reports/Dominica.pdf| pages =55| date =2009| website =caricomstats.org| publisher =[[CARICOM]] Secretariat| access-date =7 August 2023| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20180205005456/http://www.caricomstats.org/Files/Publications/NCR%20Reports/Dominica.pdf| archive-date =5 February 2018}}</ref>||0.14%

|-

|{{flag|Anguilla}} ''(UK)''||[[Indo-Caribbean people]]||40||0.27%

|-

|{{flag|French Guiana}} ''(France)''|| ||29<ref name="UNdataF"/>||0.01%

|-style="background:#ccf;"|-bgcolor="#ccccff"

|'''[[Europe]]'''|| ||'''2,802,750+'''||

|-

|{{flag|United Kingdom}}||[[British Indians]]||[[United Kingdom]]: 1,451,862 (2011)<ref name="UK Census 2011">{{cite web| title =2011 Census: Ethnic group, local authorities in the United Kingdom| url =http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/census/2011-census/key-statistics-and-quick-statistics-for-local-authorities-in-the-united-kingdom---part-1/rft-ks201uk.xls| date =11 October 2013| website =ons.gov.uk| publisher =Office for National Statistics (ONS)| access-date =7 August 2023| url-status =live| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20131021150149/http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/census/2011-census/key-statistics-and-quick-statistics-for-local-authorities-in-the-united-kingdom---part-1/rft-ks201uk.xls| archive-date =21 October 2013}}</ref>{{efn|name="census"|This census figure may not include recent immigrants or people of [[Mixed (Pakistan ethnicity category)|partial]] Indian ancestry.}}<br />[[England]]: 1,843,238 (2021)<ref name="England and Wales">{{cite web| title =Ethnic group, England and Wales: Census 2021| url =https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/culturalidentity/ethnicity/bulletins/ethnicgroupenglandandwales/census2021| quote =Local Authorities &ndash; Population by ethnic group, 2021, local authorities in England and Wales| date =29 November 2022| website =ons.gov.uk| publisher =Office for National Statistics (ONS)| access-date =7 August 2023}}</ref><br />[[Scotland]]: 32,706 (2011)<ref name="UK Census 2011"/><br />[[Wales]]: 21,066 (2021)<ref name="England and Wales"/><br />[[Northern Ireland]]: 9,881 (2021)<ref>{{cite web| title =Ethnic group MS-B01 &#124; ''Census 2021''| url =https://www.nisra.gov.uk/system/files/statistics/census-2021-ms-b01.xlsx| date =September 2022| website =nisra.gov.uk| publisher =Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency (NISRA)| access-date =7 August 2023}}</ref>||United Kingdom: 2.3%<br />England: 3.26%<br />Scotland: 0.62%<br />Wales: 0.68%<br />Northern Ireland: 0.52%

|-

|{{flag|Netherlands}}||[[Indians in the Netherlands]]||265,399<ref name="cbs.nl">{{cite web| title =Bevolking; geslacht, lft, generatie en migr.achtergrond, 1 jan; 1996-2022| trans-title =Population; gender, age, generation and migration background, Jan 1; 1996-2022| language =nl| url =https://opendata.cbs.nl/statline/#/CBS/nl/dataset/37325/table| quote =Migratieachtergrond [Migration background] &#124; India| date =May 2022| website =cbs.nl| publisher =Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek (Central Bureau of Statistics, Netherlands)| access-date =7 August 2023}}</ref>||0.37%

|-

|{{flag|Germany}}||[[Indians in Germany]]||301,000<ref name="destatis.de">{{cite web| title =Bevölkerung in Privathaushalten nach Migrationshintergrund im weiteren Sinn nach ausgewählten Geburtsstaaten| trans-title =Population in private households by migration background in the broader sense by selected countries of birth| language =de| url =https://www.destatis.de/DE/Themen/Gesellschaft-Umwelt/Bevoelkerung/Migration-Integration/Tabellen/migrationshintergrund-staatsangehoerigkeit-staaten.html| quote =Indien [India]| date =2022| website =destatis.de| publisher =Statistisches Bundesamt (Federal Statistical Office, Germany)| access-date =7 August 2023}}</ref>||0.29%

|-

|{{flag|Italy}}||[[Indians in Italy]]||162,492<ref name="istat.it">{{cite web| title =Foreign citizens: resident population by sex and demographic balance on 31st December 2021| url =https://demo.istat.it/app/?i=P03&a=2021&l=en| website =istat.it| publisher =Istituto Nazionale di Statistica (National Statistics Institute, Italy)| access-date =7 August 2023}}</ref>||0.27%

|-

|{{flag|France}}||[[Indians in France]]||58,983<ref name="europa.eu">{{cite web| title =Population on 1 January by age group, sex and country of birth| url =https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/migr_pop3ctb/default/table?lang=en| date =2023| website =europa.eu| publisher =Eurostat| access-date =7 August 2023}}</ref>||0.09%

|-

|{{flag|Spain}}||[[Indians in Spain]]||56,459<ref name="ine.es"/>||0.12%

|-

|{{flag|Sweden}}||[[Indian immigrants in Sweden]]||58,094<ref name="scb.se">{{cite web| title =Population by country of birth and country of Origin, 31 December 2023, total| url =https://www.scb.se/en/finding-statistics/statistics-by-subject-area/population/population-composition/population-statistics/| date =March 2024| website =scb.se| publisher =Statistics Sweden| access-date =22 March 2024}}</ref>||0.51%

|-

|{{flag|Portugal}}||[[Indians in Portugal]]||35,416<ref>{{cite web| title =Relatório de Imigração, Fronteiras e Asilo &ndash; 2022| trans-title =Immigration, Borders and Asylum Report &ndash; 2022| language =pt| url = https://www.sef.pt/pt/Documents/RIFA2022%20vF2a.pdf| pages =59| quote =População Residente (Stock e Fluxo) por nacionalidade e sexo [Resident Population (Stock and Flow) by nationality and sex] &#124; Índia [India]| date =May 2023| website =sef.pt| publisher =Serviço de Estrangeiros e Fronteiras (Foreigners and Borders Service, Portugal)| access-date =7 August 2023}}</ref>||0.34%

|-

|{{flag|Belgium}}|| ||24,592<ref>{{cite web| last =Hertogen| first =Jan| title =Beste wensen, inbegrepen aan de 2.738.486 inwoners van vreemde afkomst in België op 01/01/2012| trans-title =Best wishes, including to the 2,738,486 inhabitants of foreign origin in Belgium on 01/01/2012| language =nl| url =http://www.npdata.be/BuG/155-Vreemde-afkomst/Vreemde-afkomst.htm| quote =Inwoners België naar land van afkomst op 01/01/2012 (1) - Sorteren langs pijltje [Residents of Belgium by country of origin on 01/01/2012 (1) - Sort by arrow] &#124; Indië [India]| date =2012| website =npdata.be| publisher =Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek (Central Bureau of Statistics, Netherlands)| access-date =7 August 2023}}</ref>||0.22%

|-

|{{flag|Russia}}||[[Indians in Russia]]||14,000<ref>{{cite web| title =Официальные статистические данные &ndash; Статистические сведения в отношении иностранных граждан, находящихся на территории Российской Федерации| trans-title =Official statistics &ndash; Statistical information regarding foreign citizens located on the territory of the Russian Federation| language =ru| url =http://www.fms.gov.ru/about/statistics/data/details/54891/| quote =ИНДИЯ [India]| date =October 2015| website =fms.gov.ru| publisher =Федеральная Миграционная Служба (Federal Migration Service, Russia)| access-date =7 August 2023| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20151028233734/http://www.fms.gov.ru/about/statistics/data/details/54891/| archive-date =28 October 2015}}</ref>||0.02%

|-

|{{flag|Norway}}|| ||21,982<ref>{{cite web| title =Immigrants and Norwegian-born to immigrant parents| url =https://www.ssb.no/en/statbank/table/05183/tableViewLayout1/| date =2023| website =ssb.no| publisher =Statistics Norway| access-date =7 August 2023}}</ref>||0.4%

|-

|{{flag|Republic of Ireland}}||[[South Asian people in Ireland]]||20,969<ref>{{cite web| title =Census 2016 Summary Results - Part 1| url =https://www.cso.ie/en/media/csoie/newsevents/documents/census2016summaryresultspart1/Census2016SummaryPart1.pdf| date =April 2017| website =cso.ie| publisher =Central Statistics Office, Ireland| access-date =7 August 2023}}</ref><br />45,000<ref>{{cite web |title=Brief of India-Ireland Bilateral Relations |url=https://www.indianembassydublin.gov.in/page/bilateral/|date=10 May 2023|access-date=14 May 2023|archive-date=13 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230513235145/https://www.indianembassydublin.gov.in/page/bilateral/|url-status=live}}</ref>||0.88%

|-

|{{flag|Denmark}}|| ||18,970<ref>{{cite web| title =Map Analyser| url =https://www.statbank.dk/statbank5a/Graphics/mapanalyser.asp?maintable=FOLK2&lang=1| date =2023| website =statbank.dk| publisher =StatBank Denmark| access-date =7 August 2023}}</ref>||0.32%

|-

|{{flag|Austria}}|| ||16,424<ref>{{cite web| title =Bevölkerung nach detailliertem Geburtsland, Geschlecht und Bundesland 2021| trans-title =Population by detailed country of birth, gender and federal state 2021| language =de| url =https://www.statistik.at/fileadmin/pages/407/Bev_Gebland_Geschl_Bundesl_2021.ods| quote =Indien [India]| date =April 2023| website =statistik.at| publisher =Statistik Austria| access-date =7 August 2023}}</ref>||0.18%

|-

|{{flag|Switzerland}}||[[Indians in Switzerland]]||16,085<ref>{{cite web| title =Foreign permanent resident population by citizenship, 1980-2020| url =https://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/fr/home/statistiques/catalogues-banques-donnees/tableaux.assetdetail.18344262.html| date =September 2021| website =bfs.admin.ch| publisher =Swiss Federal Statistical Office| access-date =7 August 2023}}</ref>||0.19%

|-

|{{flag|Finland}}||[[Indians in Finland]]||20,000<ref>{{cite web |title=11rq -- Country of birth according to sex by municipality, 1990-2022 |url=https://yle.fi/a/74-20042803 |access-date=7 August 2023 |website=statfin.stat.fi |date=31 July 2023 |publisher=Statistics Finland}}</ref>||0.36%

|-

|{{flag|Greece}}|| [[Hinduism in Greece|Indians in Greece]]||11,333<ref>{{cite web| title =PRESS RELEASE &ndash; Announcement of the demographic and social characteristics of the Resident Population of Greece according to the 2011 Population - Housing Census.| url =http://www.statistics.gr/portal/page/portal/ESYE/BUCKET/General/nws_SAM01_EN.PDF| pages =9| date =August 2013| website =statistics.gr| publisher =Hellenic Statistical Authority, Greece| access-date =7 August 2023| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20131225192921/http://www.statistics.gr/portal/page/portal/ESYE/BUCKET/General/nws_SAM01_EN.PDF| archive-date =25 December 2013}}</ref>||1.2%

|-

|{{flag|Poland}}||[[Indians in Poland]]||38,000||0.03%

|-

|{{flag|Serbia}}|| ||10,000||0.143%

|-

|{{flag|Czech Republic}}|| ||8,465<ref>{{cite web| title =Cizinci v ČR podle státního občanství v letech 1994 - 2022 (k 31. 12.)| trans-title =Foreigners in the Czech Republic by citizenship in the years 1994–2022 (as at 31 December)| language =cs| url =https://www.czso.cz/documents/11292/27320905/c01R04_2022.xlsx/0f178239-3e02-42cf-8d60-78a89bbb7c03?version=1.0| quote =Indie [India]| date =May 2023| website =czso.cz| publisher =Český statistický úřad (Czech Statistical Office)| access-date =7 August 2023}}{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>||0.08%

|-

|{{flag|Ukraine}}|| ||7,963||0.02%

|-

|{{flag|Malta}}|| [[Indian Maltese|Indians in Malta]]||7,946<ref>{{cite web| title =Census of Population and Housing 2021: Final Report: Population, migration and other social characteristics (Volume 1)| url =https://nso.gov.mt/events/census-of-population-and-housing-2021-final-report-population-migration-and-other-social-characteristics/| date =February 2023| website =nso.gov.mt| publisher =National Statistics Office (NSO), Malta| access-date =7 August 2023}}</ref>||1.53%

|-

|{{flag|Hungary}}|| ||3,886<ref name="europa.eu"/>||0.04%

|-

|{{flag|Luxembourg}}|| ||2,804<ref>{{cite web| title =Population by nationalities in detail 2011 - 2020| url =https://statistiques.public.lu/stat/TableViewer/tableViewHTML.aspx?ReportId=12859&IF_Language=eng&MainTheme=2&FldrName=1| date =April 2020| website =statistiques.public.lu| publisher =STATEC, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg| access-date =7 August 2023| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20200425100607/https://statistiques.public.lu/stat/TableViewer/tableViewHTML.aspx?ReportId=12859&IF_Language=eng&MainTheme=2&FldrName=1| archive-date =25 April 2020}}</ref>||0.45%

|-

|{{flag|Latvia}}|| ||1,842<ref>{{cite web| title =Usually resident population by citizenship at the beginning of year – Citizenship and Time period| url =https://data.stat.gov.lv/pxweb/en/OSP_PUB/START__POP__IR__IRV/IRV010/| date =2023| website =stat.gov.lv| publisher =Official Statistics Portal, Latvia| access-date =7 August 2023}}</ref>||0.1%

|-

|{{flag|Romania}}|| ||1,572<ref name="europa.eu"/>||0.01%

|-

|{{flag|Estonia}}|| ||1,302<ref>{{cite web| title =RLV501: POPULATION BY COUNTRY OF BIRTH AND SEX (2000, 2011, 2021)| url =https://andmed.stat.ee/en/stat/rahvaloendus__rel_vordlus__pelisus-ja-ranne/RLV501| website =stat.ee| publisher =Statistics Estonia| access-date =7 August 2023}}</ref>||0.1%

|-

|{{flag|Bulgaria}}|| ||896<ref name="europa.eu"/>||0.01%

|-

|{{flag|Moldova}}|| ||773<ref>{{cite web |title=Informație despre numărul străinilor documentați cu permise de ședere în Republica Moldova la data de 31.12.2021 |trans-title=Information on the number of documented foreigners with residence permits in the Republic of Moldova on 31.12.2021 |language=ro |url=http://bma.gov.md/sites/default/files/sites/default/files/atasamente/comunicate/numarul_straini_documentati_cu_perm_de_sedere.31.12.2021.pdf |date=2022 |website=bma.gov.md |publisher=Bureau for Migration and Asylum (BMA), Moldova |access-date=7 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230419062506/http://bma.gov.md/sites/default/files/sites/default/files/atasamente/comunicate/numarul_straini_documentati_cu_perm_de_sedere.31.12.2021.pdf |archive-date=19 April 2023}}</ref>||0.03%

|-

|{{flag|Iceland}}|| ||544<ref>{{cite web |title=Population by country of birth, sex and age 1 January 1998-2022 |url=https://px.hagstofa.is/pxen/pxweb/en/Ibuar/Ibuar__mannfjoldi__3_bakgrunnur__Faedingarland/MAN12103.px |date=November 2022 |website=hagstofa.is| publisher =Statistics Iceland |access-date=7 August 2023}}</ref>||0.14%

|-

|{{flag|Belarus}}|| ||311<ref>{{cite web |title=БЕЛАРУСЬ И СТРАНЫ МИРА / BELARUS AND COUNTRIES OF THE WORLD &ndash; Статистический сборник / Statistical book |language=ru |url=https://www.belstat.gov.by/upload/iblock/f64/f648db874ee3f872c7b7028f0d03a383.pdf |pages=47 |quote=Число прибывших в Республику Беларусь на постоянное жительство из других стран [Number of people arriving in the Republic of Belarus for permanent residence from other countries] &#124; Индия [India] |date=2020 |website=belstat.gov.by |publisher=National Statistical Committee of the Republic of Belarus |access-date=7 August 2023 |archive-date=2021-04-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210420035621/https://www.belstat.gov.by/upload/iblock/f64/f648db874ee3f872c7b7028f0d03a383.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>||0.003%

|-

|{{flag|Slovenia}}|| ||285<ref>{{cite web |title=Population by country of citizenship, 5-year age groups and sex, Slovenia, annually |url=https://pxweb.stat.si/SiStatData/pxweb/en/Data/-/05E1008S.px |website=stat.si |publisher=Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia |access-date=7 August 2023}}</ref>||0.01%

|-

|{{flag|Slovakia}}|| ||200<ref name="europa.eu"/>||0.004%

|-

|{{flag|Lithuania}}|| ||129<ref name="UNdataF"/>||0.005%

|-

|{{flag|Croatia}}|| [[Hinduism in Croatia|Indians in Croatia]]||11,982<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.mea.gov.in/population-of-overseas-indians.htm | title=Population of Overseas Indians | work=Ministry of External Affairs, Government of India }}</ref>||0.310%

|-

|{{flag|Andorra}}|| ||57<ref>{{cite web| title =POBLACIÓ PER NACIONALITAT| trans-title =Population by nationality| language =ca| url =https://www.estadistica.ad/portal/apps/sites/#/estadistica-ca/pages/estadistiques-i-dades-detall?Idioma=ca&N2=605&N3=606&DV=1106| quote = POBLACIÓ PER NACIONALITAT. INDIA [Population by nationality. Indian]| date =January 2023| website =estadistica.ad| publisher =Departament d'Estadística del Govern d'Andorra (Statistics Department of the Government of Andorra)| access-date =7 August 2023}}</ref>||0.07%

|-

|{{flag|Albania}}|| ||56||0.002%

|-

|{{flag|Bosnia & Herzegovina}}|| ||26||0.001%

|-

|{{flag|Liechtenstein}}|| ||25<ref>{{cite web| title =Bevölkerungsstatistik| trans-title =Population statistics| language =de| url =https://archiv.llv.li/files/as/bevolkerungsstatistik-30-juni-2019.pdf| pages =22| quote =Ständige Bevölkerung nach Staatsbürgerschaft, Geschlecht und Wohngemeinde [Permanent population by citizenship, gender and municipality of residence] &#124; Indien [India]| date =June 2019| website =llv.li| publisher =Amt für Statistik, Liechtenstein| access-date =7 August 2023}}</ref>||0.06%

|-

|{{flag|Monaco}}|| ||25<ref>{{cite web| title =Recensement général de la population 2008| trans-title =General population census 2008| language =fr| url =https://www.imsee.mc/content/download/12325/152816/file/Recensement2008.pdf| pages =31| quote = NOMBRE D'INDIVIDUS SUIVANT LE SEXE PAR NATIONALITE [Number of Individuals According to Sex by Nationality] &#124; Inde [India]| date =February 2009| website =imsee.mc| publisher =Direction de l'Expansion Economique, Monaco| access-date =7 August 2023}}</ref>||0.08%

|-

|{{flag|North Macedonia}}|| ||10||0.0005%

|-style="background:#ccf;"|-bgcolor="#ccccff"

|'''[[Oceania]]'''|| ||'''1,232,300+'''||

|-

|{{flag|Australia}}||[[Indian Australians]]||673,352<ref name="Australia Census">{{cite web| title =People in Australia who were born in India| url =https://www.abs.gov.au/census/find-census-data/quickstats/2021/7103_AUS| website =abs.gov.au| publisher =Australian Bureau of Statistics| access-date =7 August 2023}}</ref>||3.05%

|-

|{{flag|New Zealand}}||[[Indian New Zealanders]]||239,193<ref name="NZ Census">{{cite web| title =Indian ethnic group &ndash; ''2018 census ethnic group summaries''| url =https://www.stats.govt.nz/tools/2018-census-ethnic-group-summaries/indian| date =2018| website =stats.govt.nz| publisher =Stats NZ Tatauranga Aotearoa, New Zealand| access-date =7 August 2023}}</ref>||4.99%

|-

|{{flag|Fiji}}||[[Indo-Fijians]]||315,198||35.36%

|-

|{{flag|Papua New Guinea}}|| ||3,000||0.03%

|-

|{{flag|Vanuatu}}|| ||810||0.27%

|-

|{{flag|Tonga}}|| ||224<ref>{{cite web| title =Census Tables| url =https://tongastats.gov.to/census-2/population-census-3/census-tables/| quote =Ethnicity &#124; Total population ethnic origin by sex, region, division, district and village| date =2021| website =tongastats.gov.to| publisher =Tonga Statistics Department (TSD)| access-date =7 August 2023}}</ref>||0.22%

|-

|{{flag|Cook Islands}} ''(New Zealand)''|| ||205||1.01%

|-

|{{flag|Kiribati}}|| ||50||0.04%

|-

|{{flag|Solomon Islands}}|| ||50||0.01%

|-

|{{flag|Tuvalu}}|| ||50||0.47%

|-

|{{flag|French Polynesia}} ''(France)''|| ||38<ref name="UNdataF"/>||0.01%

|-

|{{flag|Federated States of Micronesia}}|| ||35||0.03%

|-

|{{flag|Samoa}}|| ||30||0.01%

|-

|{{flag|Palau}}|| ||27||0.15%

|-

|{{flag|Nauru}}|| ||20||0.17%

|-

|{{flag|Marshall Islands}}|| ||15||0.03%

|-

|{{flag|Niue}} ''(New Zealand)''|| ||12||0.70%

|-style="background:#ccf;"|-bgcolor="#ccccff"

|'''Total overseas Indian population'''|| ||'''~32,104,000'''||

|}

==Diaspora by host country==

==Bollystan==

As the Indian government's own Singhvi commission notes, "the sun never sets on the Indian diaspora." Yet the cultural transmission model is rapidly transforming from a one-way street, in which the Motherland gives and the diaspora receives, to a two-way street, in which the diaspora is as confidently Indian, sometimes more so, than India itself. Bollystan ("Bolly-" for Bollywood, and "Stan", the Persian suffix for "land" comprise this term) is a [[neologism]] which recognizes this changing balance of power between the home country and its diaspora. Technology has enabled the diaspora to manufacture "Indian-ness" as competently as their home-bound relatives through film, dance, music and even religious practices. These externally produced symbols of Indian-ness have in many ways become the primary representation of India in the West and around the world. The term was first used by Parag Khanna, when he guest edited the UK's ethnic lifestyle magazine Another Generation in Fall 2004 (www.anothergeneration-mag.com). The entire issue was based on the theme of Bollystan, This was subsequently then used in an article in The Globalist [http://www.theglobalist.com/DBWeb/storyid.aspx?StoryId=4279]. The London-based Foreign Policy Centre think-tank has also recognized Bollystan as a form of "diasporic diplomacy" [http://fpc.org.uk/fsblob/377.pdf]. In the January/February 2005 issue of Foreign Policy magazine, Mitra Kalita of the Washington Post writes, "Finally there is a name for where I live: Bollysthan." [http://www.foreignpolicy.com/users/login.php?story_id=2761&URL=http://www.foreignpolicy.com/story/cms.php?story_id=2761]

==See also=Africa===

<!--Add at least Kenya and Uganda!!-->

*[[List of NRIs]]

*[[Asians in South Africa]]

*[[British Asian]]

*[[Burmese Indians]]

*[[Desi]]

*[[Indo-Caribbean]]

*[[Indo-Fijian]]

*[[Indo-Guyanese]]

*[[Indo-Mauritian]]

*[[Indo-Canadian]]

*[[Indo-Trinidadian]]

*[[Indian American]]

*[[Indians in Botswana]]

*[[Indian-Germans]]

*[[Indians in Singapore]]

*[[South Asian American]]

*[[Pravasi Bharatiya Samman]]

*[[Pravasi Bharatiya Divas]]

*[[Elam]]

*[[Mitanni]]

*[[Roma people]]

*[[Sinti]]

====Madagascar====

==Pravasi Bharatiya Divas==

{{Main|Indians in Madagascar}}

Indians in [[Madagascar]] are descended mostly from traders who arrived in 19th century looking for better opportunities. The majority of them came from the Indian west coast state of [[Gujarat]] and were known as [[Karanam|Karana]] (Muslim) and [[Bania (caste)|Bania]] (Hindu). The majority speak [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]], though some other Indian languages are spoken. Nowadays, the younger generations speak at least three languages; these languages include French or English, Gujarati and [[Malagasy language|Malagasy]].{{citation needed|date=December 2019}}

{{main|Pravasi Bharatiya Divas}}

{{sect-stub}}

====Mauritius====

{{Main|Mauritians of Indian origin}}

{{More citations needed section|date=June 2017}}

The people are known as [[Indo-Mauritian]]s, and form about 65.8% of the population. The majority of them are [[Hindu]] (73.7%) and a significant group are [[Muslims]] (26.3%). Mauritius is the only Hindu majority (48.5%) country of [[Africa]] according to the 2011 census. There are also a relatively small number of [[Baháʼí Faith|Baháʼís]] and [[Sikhs]]. The [[mother tongue]] of Indo-Mauritians is [[Mauritian creole|Creole]], as well as French and English in general fields, however various Indian languages are still spoken, especially [[Bhojpuri language|Bhojpuri]], [[Tamil language|Tamil]], [[Hindi]], [[Marathi language|Marathi]], [[Odia language|Odia]], [[Telugu language|Telugu]], and [[Urdu]] as they are used in religious activities.

Mauritius hosts the [[Aapravasi Ghat]], the only site of UNESCO in the world, to pay homage to the memory of [[indenture]]. The Indian Festivals of [[Maha Shivaratri]], [[Diwali]], [[Thaipusam]], [[Ponggal]], [[Ganesh Chaturthi]] and [[Ugadi]] are all National Holidays as well as the Annual Commemoration of the Arrival of Indian Indentured Labourers in Mauritius.

====Réunion====

{{Main|Indians in Réunion|Malbars}}

Indians make up a quarter of Réunion's population. Most originally came as [[indentured]] workers from [[Tamil Nadu]].{{citation needed|date=June 2017}}

====South Africa====

{{Main|Indian South Africans}}

{{More citations needed section|date=June 2017}}

[[File:Navanethem Pillay.jpg|thumb|150px|[[Navanethem Pillay]], an [[Indian South African]] descent who served as the [[United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights|U.N High Commissioner for Human Rights]].]]

Most Asians in South Africa are descended from indentured Indian labourers who were brought by the British from India in the 19th century, mostly to work on the [[sugar cane]] [[plantation]]s of what is now the province of [[KwaZulu-Natal]] (KZN).<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rongmei |first=Precious|title=What makes South Africa's Durban a home away from home for Indian travellers? |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/travel/destinations/what-makes-south-africas-durban-a-home-away-from-home-for-indian-travellers/articleshow/101315822.cms |access-date=2025-05-09 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> The majority are of [[Tamil South Africans|Tamil]] speaking heritage along with people that speak [[Hindi]] or [[Bhojpuri language|Bhojpuri]], mostly descending from Bihar and Uttar Pradesh. There are also smaller numbers of [[Telugu language|Telugu]] speaking communities while a minority are descended from Indian traders who migrated to South Africa at around the same time, many from Gujarat. The city of [[Durban]] has the highest number of Asians in sub-Saharan Africa,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Politics, Religion, and Polarization in Africa's Largest Indian Community |url=https://pulitzercenter.org/projects/politics-religion-and-polarization-africas-largest-indian-community#:~:text=In%20fact,%20for%20many%20decades,numbering%20about%201.5%20million%20people. |access-date=2025-05-09 |website=Pulitzer Center |language=en}}</ref> and the Indian independence leader Mahatma Gandhi worked as a lawyer in the country in the early 1900s. South Africa has one of the highest number of people of Indian descent outside of India in the world, i.e. born in South Africa and not migrant. Most of them are fourth or fifth-generation descendants. Most Indian South Africans do not speak any Indian languages, as they were 'lost' over the generations, although some do enjoy watching Indian movies and listening to [[Indian music]], and they maintain (and have had imposed upon them) a strong ''Indian'' [[Race (human categorization)|racial]] identity as a consequence of the legacy of [[Apartheid]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Pillay |first=Kathryn |title=The Palgrave Handbook of Ethnicity |year=2019 |isbn=978-981-13-2897-8 |pages=77–92 |chapter=Indian Identity in South Africa |doi=10.1007/978-981-13-2898-5_9 |doi-access=free}}</ref>

====East Africa====

{{Main|Indian diaspora in Southeast Africa}}

[[File:Sir Ben Kingsley 2012.jpg|thumb|upright=0.7|[[Ben Kingsley|Sir Ben Kingsley]] of [[Indian diaspora in Southeast Africa|Indo-Kenyan]] descent is a notable Oscar-winning actor]] [[File:Freddie Mercury performing in New Haven, CT, November 1977.jpg|thumb|upright=0.7|Farrokh Bulsara, better known as [[Freddie Mercury]], lead singer and co-founder of the immensely successful rock band ''[[Queen (band)|Queen]]'', was of [[Parsi]] descent born in [[Zanzibar]].]]

Before the larger wave of migration during the British colonial era, a significant group of South Asians, especially from the west coast ([[Sindh]], [[Surat]], [[Konkan]] and [[Malabar Coast|Malabar]]) travelled regularly to South East Africa, especially Zanzibar. It is believed that they travelled in Arab ''[[dhow]]s'', [[Maratha]] Navy ships (under [[Kanhoji Angre]]), and possibly Chinese junks and Portuguese vessels. Some of these people settled in South-East Africa and later spread to places like present day Uganda, and Mozambique. Later they mingled with the much larger wave of South Asians who came with the British.

Indian migration to the modern countries of Kenya, Uganda, Mauritius, South Africa, and Tanzania began nearly a century ago when these parts of the continent were under British and French colonial rule. Most of these migrants were of Gujarati or [[Punjabi people|Punjabi]] origin. There are almost three million Indians living in South-East Africa. Indian-led businesses were (or are) the backbone of the economies of these countries. These ranged in the past from small rural grocery stores to [[sugar mill]]s. In addition, Indian professionals, such as doctors, teachers, engineers, also played an important part in the development of these countries.

===Asia===

=== East Asia ===

====Japan====

{{Main|Indians in Japan}}

Indians in Japan consist of migrants from India to Japan and their descendants. {{as of|2008|December}}, There are currently around 40,000 Indians living in Japan.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/culture/2021/01/23/books/indian-migrants-in-tokyo/#:~:text=There%20are%20currently%20around%2040%2C000,often%20ignored%20or%20pushed%20aside. |date=January 2022 |publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs |___location=Tokyo |script-title=ja:各国・地域情勢 |script-chapter=ja:インド基礎データ |access-date=25 September 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220525040336/https://www.japantimes.co.jp/culture/2021/01/23/books/indian-migrants-in-tokyo/#:~:text=There%20are%20currently%20around%2040%2C000,often%20ignored%20or%20pushed%20aside. |archive-date=2022-05-25 |url-status=live}}</ref> Roughly 60% consist of expatriate IT professionals and their families.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kondõ |first=Masanori |date=10 March 2008 |script-title=ja:対インド関係 「頭脳大国」との視点を |url=http://www.asahi.com/international/aan/hatsu/hatsu080315.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081220053801/http://www.asahi.com/international/aan/hatsu/hatsu080315.html |archive-date=20 December 2008 |access-date=25 September 2009 |work=Asahi Shimbun |language=ja}}</ref>

=== South Asia ===

====Nepal====

{{Main|Indian Nepalis}}

In 2006, the newly formed Nepal parliament passed the controversial citizenship act [[Nepali nationality law]] that allowed nearly two million Indians especially those living in the [[Madhesh Province]] of [[Nepal]] to acquire Nepalese citizenship and Nepalese identity via naturalisation.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fulton News – Breaking News Updates – Latest News Headlines – Photos – News Videos |url=http://www.newsfultoncounty.com/life-style/news/286087-nepals-stateless-struggle-for-their-citizenship |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150930151138/http://www.newsfultoncounty.com/life-style/news/286087-nepals-stateless-struggle-for-their-citizenship |archive-date=30 September 2015 |access-date=20 April 2016 |website=Newsfultoncounty.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=31 August 2015 |title=Indians would be protected in Nepal: Rajnath Singh |url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/india-concerned-about-madhesis-in-nepal-after-the-atrocities-against-the-community-rajnath-singh/1/461958.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160523170624/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/india-concerned-about-madhesis-in-nepal-after-the-atrocities-against-the-community-rajnath-singh/1/461958.html |archive-date=23 May 2016 |access-date=20 April 2016 |website=Indiatoday.intoday.in}}</ref> The total number of Indian citizens temporarily living and working in Nepal is estimated to be somewhere between two and three million.<ref>{{Cite news |date=7 January 2001 |title=Where big can be bothersome |url=http://www.thehindu.com/2001/01/07/stories/05071343.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160130225318/http://www.thehindu.com/2001/01/07/stories/05071343.htm |archive-date=30 January 2016 |access-date=20 April 2016 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> Nepal is also the seventh largest source of remittance to India, which amounted to nearly $3.5 billion in 2013/2014.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nations sending highest remittances to India – Rupee fall: NRIs in these nations must be happy! - Yahoo India Finance |url=https://in.finance.yahoo.com/photos/india-top-receiver-of-global-remittances-1369025867-slideshow/nations-sending-highest-remittances-to-india-photo--1068160937.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305104155/https://in.finance.yahoo.com/photos/india-top-receiver-of-global-remittances-1369025867-slideshow/nations-sending-highest-remittances-to-india-photo--1068160937.html |archive-date=5 March 2016 |access-date=20 April 2016 |website=Yahoo India Finance}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Alyssa Ayres |date=26 February 2014 |title=India's Stakes in the Middle East |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/alyssaayres/2014/02/26/indias-stakes-in-the-middle-east/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160502204756/http://www.forbes.com/sites/alyssaayres/2014/02/26/indias-stakes-in-the-middle-east/ |archive-date=2 May 2016 |access-date=20 April 2016 |website=Forbes}}</ref>

=== Southeast Asia ===

====Indonesia====

{{Main|Indian Indonesians|Tamil Indonesians}}

{{More citations needed section|date=June 2017}}

[[File:Sri Prakash Lohia.jpg|thumb|upright=0.7|[[Sri Prakash Lohia]], founder of [[Indorama Corporation]] and sixth richest person in Indonesia according to Forbes]]

[[File:Manoj_punjabi.jpeg|thumb|150px|[[Manoj Punjabi]] is an [[Indian Indonesian]] film and television producer and owner of the biggest production house in Indonesia.]]

The official figures, it is estimated that there are around 125,000 Indians living in Indonesia and 25,000 PIOs/NRIs living in Indonesia of which the Indian expatriate community registered with the embassy and consulate in [[Medan]] numbers around 5,000-7,000 people. Most are from Tamil descendants.

Indians have been living in Indonesia for centuries, from the time of the [[Srivijaya]] and [[Majapahit Empire]] both of which were Hindu and heavily influenced by the subcontinent. Indians were later brought to Indonesia by the Dutch in the 19th century as indentured labourers to work on plantations located around Medan in Sumatra. While the majority of these came from South India, a significant number also came from the north of India. The Medan Indians included Hindus, Muslims and Sikhs. They have now been in Indonesia for over four generations and hold [[Indonesian passport]]s. While local statistics continue to suggest that there are some 40,000 PIOs in Sumatra, the vast majority are now completely assimilated into Indonesian society, though some elements of the Tamil, Punjabi and [[odia people|Odia]] communities still maintain their cultural traditions.

The Indian diaspora also includes several thousand [[Sindhis|Sindhi]] families who constitute the second wave of Indian immigrants who made Indonesia their home in the first half of the 20th century. The Sindhi community is mainly engaged in [[Trade|trading]] and [[commerce]].

Among these communities, Tamils and to a lesser extent Sikhs were primarily engaged in agriculture while [[Sindhis]] and [[Punjabis]] mainly established themselves in [[textile]] trade and sports businesses.

The inflow of major Indian investments in Indonesia starting in the late 1970s drew a fresh wave of Indian investors and managers to this country. This group of entrepreneurs and business professionals has further expanded over the past two decades and now includes engineers, consultants, chartered accountants, bankers and other professionals.

The Indian community is very well regarded in Indonesia, is generally prosperous, and includes individuals holding senior positions in local and multinational companies.

Due to economic factors, most traders and businessmen among PIOs have over past decades moved to [[Jakarta]] from outlying areas such as Medan and [[Surabaya]]. Almost half the Indian Community in Indonesia is now Jakarta-based; it is estimated that the population of Jakarta's Indian community is about 19,000.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Kesavapany |first1=K. |title=Rising India and Indian Communities in East Asia |title-link=East Asia |last2=Mani, A |last3=P. Ramasamy |publisher=Institute of Southeast Asian Studies |year=2008 |isbn=978-981-230-799-6 |page=234}}</ref> There are six main social or professional associations in Jakarta's Indian PIO/NRI community. Gandhi Seva Loka (formerly known as Bombay Merchants Association) is a charitable institution run by the Sindhi community and is engaged mainly in educational and social activities. The India Club is a social organisation of PIO/NRI professionals. An Indian Women's Association brings together PIO/NRI spouses and undertakes charitable activities. There is a Gurudwara Prabandhak Committee in Jakarta and Sindhis as well, Sikhs are associated with [[Gurudwara]] activities. The Economic Association of Indonesia and India (ECAII) brings together leading entrepreneurs from the Indian community with the objective of promoting bilateral economic relations, but it has been largely inactive. Finally, there is the Indonesian Chapter of the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India (ICAI).

====Malaysia====

{{Main|Malaysian Indians|List of Malaysians of Indian descent|Chitty|Jawi Peranakan}}

{{More citations needed section|date=June 2017}}

[[File:Nicol David Khai.jpg|thumb|upright=0.7|Former [[List of WISPA number 1 ranked players|World No. 1]] of women's squash, Malaysia's [[Nicol David]], is of [[Chindian]] descent.]]

Malaysia has one of the world's largest overseas Indian and overseas Chinese populations. Most Indians migrated to Malaysia as plantation labourers under British rule. They are a significant minority ethnic group, making up 8% or 2,410,000 as 2017 of the Malaysian population. 85% of these people are Tamil-speaking. They have retained their languages and religion – 88% of ethnic Indians in Malaysia identify as Hindus. A minority number of the population are Sikhs and Muslims.

There is also a small community of Indian origin, the [[Chitty]], who are the descendants of only Tamil traders who had emigrated before 1500 CE. Considering themselves Tamil, speaking Malay, and practicing Hinduism, the Chittys number about 200,000 today.

====Philippines====

{{Main|Indian Filipino|List of India-related topics in the Philippines|Indian influences in early Philippine polities}}

Currently, there are over 150,000 people of Indian origin residing in Philippines.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Kesavapany |first1=K. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=39lJz_L4MdUC&pg=PA537 |title=Rising India and Indian Communities in East Asia |last2=Mani |first2=A. |last3=Ramasamy |first3=P. |year=2008 |publisher=Institute of Southeast Asian Studies |isbn=9789812307996 |access-date=20 April 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160428075822/https://books.google.com/books?id=39lJz_L4MdUC&pg=PA537 |archive-date=28 April 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref> By law, [[Indian Filipino]]s are defined as [[Philippine nationality law|Philippine citizens]] of Indian descent.

India and the Philippines have historic cultural and economic ties going back over 3,000 years. [[Iron Age]] finds in the Philippines point to the existence of trade between Tamil Nadu in [[South India]] and what are today the Philippine Islands during the ninth and tenth centuries BCE.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tamil language, www.tamilculturewaterloo.org |url=http://www.tamilculturewaterloo.org/tamillanguage.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150413062503/http://tamilculturewaterloo.org/tamillanguage.htm |archive-date=13 April 2015}}</ref> The influence of [[Culture of India|Indian culture]] on [[Culture of the Philippines|Filipino cultures]] intensified from the 2nd through the late 14th centuries CE, impacting various fields such as language, politics, and religion.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The cultural influence of India, www.philippinealmanac.com |url=http://www.philippinealmanac.com/2010/07/528/the-cultural-influences-of-india-china-arabia-and-japan.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120701082957/http://www.philippinealmanac.com/2010/07/528/the-cultural-influences-of-india-china-arabia-and-japan.html |archive-date=1 July 2012}}</ref>

During the [[Seven Years' War]], Indians from [[Chennai]], and Tamil Nadu were part of the [[Battle of Manila (1762)|British expedition]] against [[Manila#Spanish period|Spanish Manila]], taking the city from the [[Spanish East Indies]] government and occupying the surrounding areas until [[Cainta, Rizal|Caintâ]] and [[Morong, Bataan|Morong]] (today in [[Rizal (province)|Rizal]] province) between 1762 and 1763. Following the end war's end, a number of Indian soldiers mutinied, settled, and married local [[Tagalog language|Tagalog]] women. These ''Sepoy'' Indians still have descendants in the town today.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Singhs |first=Ajit |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TeExjdWUmJYC&q=Indian+population+of+the+Philippines&pg=PA717 |title=Indian Communities in Southeast Asia |publisher=Institute of Southeast Asia studies |year=2007 |isbn=978-981-230-418-6 |___location=Philippines |access-date=18 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210929054444/https://books.google.com/books?id=TeExjdWUmJYC&q=Indian+population+of+the+Philippines&pg=PA717 |archive-date=29 September 2021 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=39lJz_L4MdUC&pg=PA537 Rising India and Indian Communities in East Asia - Google Boeken] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160130225317/https://books.google.com/books?id=39lJz_L4MdUC&pg=PA537&source=gbs_selected_pages&cad=3 |date=30 January 2016}}. Books.google.com. Retrieved 29 July 2013.</ref>

====Singapore====

{{Main|Indian Singaporeans}}

[[File:Sundramoorthy2.JPG|thumb|upright=0.7|[[V. Sundramoorthy]] is a former [[Singapore national football team|Singapore international]] [[association football|footballer]] and currently the head coach of [[S.League]] club [[Tampines Rovers]].]]

Indian Singaporeans – defined as persons of [[South Asia]]n paternal [[ancestry]] – form 9% of the country's citizens and permanent residents,<ref>{{Cite web |date=January 2018 |title=Singapore in Figures 2018 |url=https://www.singstat.gov.sg/-/media/files/publications/reference/sif2018.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181113151508/https://www.singstat.gov.sg/-/media/files/publications/reference/sif2018.pdf |archive-date=13 November 2018 |access-date=28 September 2018 |website=Singapore Government |pages=16–17}}</ref> making them [[Singapore]]'s third largest ethnic group. Among cities, Singapore has one of the largest overseas Indian populations.

Although contact with ancient India left a deep cultural impact on Singapore's indigenous [[Malays in Singapore|Malay]] society, the mass migration of ethnic Indians to the island only began with the [[founding of modern Singapore]] by the British in 1819. Initially, the Indian population was transient, mainly comprising young men who came as workers, soldiers and convicts. By the mid-20th century, a settled community had emerged, with a more balanced [[sex ratio|gender ratio]] and a better [[demographic profile|spread of age groups]]. Tamil is one among the four official languages of Singapore alongside English, Chinese and Malay.

Singapore's Indian population is notable for its [[class stratification]], with disproportionately large [[elite]] and [[Working class|lower income]] groups. This long-standing problem has grown more visible since the 1990s with an influx of both well-educated and unskilled migrants from India, and as part of growing [[income inequality]] in Singapore. Indians earn [[Household income in Singapore|higher incomes]] than Malays, the other major minority group. Indians are also significantly more likely to hold university degrees than these groups. However, the mainly locally born Indian students in public primary and secondary schools under-perform the national average at major examinations.

Singapore Indians are linguistically and religiously diverse, with South Indians and Hindus forming majorities. Indian culture has endured and evolved over almost 200 years. By the mid to late 20th century, it had become somewhat distinct from contemporary South Asian cultures, even as Indian elements became diffused within a broader [[culture of Singapore|Singaporean culture]]. Since the 1990s, new Indian immigrants have increased the size and complexity of the local Indian population. Together with modern communications like [[cable television]] and the [[Internet]], this has connected Singapore with an emerging global Indian culture.

Prominent Indian individuals have long made a mark in Singapore as leaders of various fields in national life. Indians are also collectively well-represented, and sometimes over-represented, in areas such as [[Politics of Singapore|politics]], [[education in Singapore|education]], [[foreign relations of Singapore|diplomacy]] and the [[law in Singapore|law]].

There is also a small community of Indian origin, the [[Chitty]], who are the descendants of Tamil traders who had emigrated before 1500 CE. Considering themselves Tamil, speaking Tamil, and practice Hinduism, the Chittys number about 2,000 today.

===West Asia===

====Armenia====

There are over 28,000 Indian citizens in [[Armenia]], including those who are seeking permanent residence status in Armenia, as recorded in 2018. In the first half of 2018, 10,237 Indians crossed Armenia's borders, and more than 2,000 were seeking permanent residence status.<ref name="JamNews" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=1 September 2019 |title=Armenia's migration authorities report unprecedented growth in Indians travelers' number |url=https://www.tert.am/en/news/2019/01/09/india-armenia/2890126 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200801205116/https://www.tert.am/en/news/2019/01/09/india-armenia/2890126 |archive-date=1 August 2020 |access-date=19 September 2019 |website=Tert.am}}</ref>

====Israel====

{{Main|Indians in Israel|Bene Israel|Bnei Menashe}}

The [[Bene Israel]] ({{langx|he|בני ישראל}}, "Sons of Israel") are an ancient group of [[Jew]]s who migrated in the 18th century from villages in the Konkan area to nearby Indian cities, primarily [[Mumbai]], but also to [[Pune]], and [[Ahmedabad]]. In the second half of the 20th century, most of them [[aliyah|emigrated to Israel]], where they now number about 85,000. The native language of the Bene Israel is [[Judæo-Marathi]], a form of Marathi.

Another prominent community that migrated to Israel after its creation were the Jews of [[Cochin]], in Kerala ([[Cochin Jews]]) – a community with a very long history. They are known to have been granted protection by the king of the [[Princely State of Cochin]]. The earliest Jews in this region, as per local tradition, date to as early as 379 CE. The community was a mix of native Jews (called "Black Jews"), and European Jews (called "White Jews") who had emigrated to Cochin after the successive European conquests of Cochin. The Jewish community of Cochin spoke a variant of [[Malayalam]], called [[Judeo-Malayalam]]. The community, after the creation of Israel, saw a mass exodus from Cochin, and is presently facing extinction in India.

Still another group of Indians to arrive in Israel belong to the [[Bnei Menashe]] ("Children of [[Tribe of Manasseh|Menasseh]]", Hebrew בני מנשה) a group of more than 10,000 people from India's [[Seven Sister States|North-Eastern border states]] of [[Manipur]] and [[Mizoram]], who claim descent from one of the [[Ten Lost Tribes|Lost Tribes of Israel]], and of whom about 3,700 now live in Israel (some of them in [[Israeli settlement]]s on the [[West Bank]]). Linguistically, Bnei Menashe are [[Tibeto-Burman languages|Tibeto-Burmans]] and belong to the [[Mizo people|Mizo]], [[Kuki people|Kuki]] and [[Chin people]]s (the terms are virtually interchangeable).<ref>{{Cite web |author1=Vijayanand Kommaluri |author2=R. Subramanian |author3=Anand Sagar K |name-list-style=amp |date=7 July 2005 |title=Issues in Morphological Analysis of North-East Indian Languages |url=http://www.languageinindia.com/july2005/morphologynortheast1.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190805191208/http://www.languageinindia.com/july2005/morphologynortheast1.html |archive-date=5 August 2019 |access-date=4 March 2007 |website=Language in India}}</ref> The move to convert them to Judaism and bring them to Israel is politically controversial in both India and Israel.<ref>Ha'aretz, 15 January 2018 [https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/.premium-1.834318 "The Indian Jews at the Heart of the Netanyahu-Modi Love Affair"]. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180114232511/https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/.premium-1.834318|date=14 January 2018}}</ref>

====Persian Gulf====

Indians command a dominant majority of the population [[Arab states of the Persian Gulf|Persian Gulf countries]]. After the 1970s oil boom in the [[Middle East]], numerous Indians from [[Kerala]] emigrated, taking advantage of close historical ties with the 'Gulf' as well as the lack of ample skilled labour from nearby [[Africa]] and the [[Middle East]]. Major urban centres such as [[Dubai]], [[Abu Dhabi]], [[Doha]], [[Riyadh]], [[Muscat]], [[Baghdad]], [[Kuwait City|Kuwait]], and [[Manama]] were experiencing a development boom and thousands of Indians laboured in construction industries.

This work was done on a contractual basis rather than permanently, and working age men continued to return home every few years. This has remained the dominant pattern as the countries in the Persian Gulf, especially [[United Arab Emirates]], [[Bahrain]], [[Qatar]] and [[Kuwait]] have a common policy of not naturalising non-Arabs, even if they are born there.

The Persian Gulf region has provided incomes many times over for the same type of job in India and has geographical proximity to India, and these incomes are free of taxation.{{citation needed|date=June 2017}} The NRIs make up a good proportion of the working class in the [[Gulf Cooperation Council]] (GCC). NRI population in these [[Gulf Cooperation Council|GCC]] countries is estimated to be around 20 million, of which a quarter is resident in the [[United Arab Emirates]] (UAE).<ref>{{Cite news |title=Expatriate Indians in UAE not hit by global meltdown |url=http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/holnus/001200811141323.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121109051232/http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/holnus/001200811141323.htm |archive-date=9 November 2012 |access-date=27 May 2018 |work=The Hindu}}</ref> In 2005, about 75% of the population in the UAE was of Indian descent. The majority originate from Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Odisha, Karnataka, and Goa. Similarly, Indians are the single largest nationality in Qatar, representing around 85% of the total population as of 2014.<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 December 2013 |title=Qatar's population by nationality |url=http://www.bqdoha.com/2013/12/population-qatar |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131222095738/http://www.bqdoha.com/2013/12/population-qatar |archive-date=22 December 2013 |access-date=19 November 2014 |publisher=BQ Doha}}</ref> They also form majorities in Bahrain, Kuwait, and Oman.

Since the early 2000s, significant number of Indians have reached the region, taking up high skill jobs in business and industry. Major Indian corporations maintain solid regional presence there while some are headquartered there.

There is a huge population of NRIs in West Asia, most coming from [[Kerala]] and [[Andhra Pradesh]]. They work as engineers, doctors, lawyers, labourers and in clerical jobs.{{citation needed|date=June 2017}} Unlike in Europe and America, most of the countries in West Asia do not grant [[citizenship]] or permanent residency to these Indians, however long they might live there. They have a minority in Saudi Arabia. The NRI population tends to save and remit considerable amounts to their dependents in India. It is estimated such remittances may be over US$10 billion per annum (including remittances by formal and informal channels in 2007–2008). The relative ease with which people can travel to their home country means that many NRIs in the Gulf and West Asia maintain close links to Indian culture, with people often travelling twice or thrice a year, especially during holiday period, while some live in India for several months each year. Satellite television allows many NRIs to consume Indian media and entertainment, and there are TV soaps aimed at the NRI community in the Gulf countries. Live performances and cultural events, such as [[Tiatr|Tiarts]] for Goans living in UAE, occur quite often and are staged by community groups.{{citation needed|date=September 2023}}

===Caribbean===

{{Main|Indo-Caribbean people|Indo-Caribbean Americans|British Indo-Caribbean people|Caribbean Hindustani|Hinduism in the West Indies}}

From 1838 to 1917, over half a million Indians from the former [[British Raj|British India]] were brought to the [[Caribbean]] as [[Indian indenture system|indentured labourers]] to address the demand for labour following the [[Slavery Abolition Act 1833|abolition of slavery]]. The first two ships arrived in [[British Guiana]] (now [[Guyana]]) on 5 May 1838.

The majority of the Indians living in the [[Anglophone Caribbean|English-speaking Caribbean]] and [[Suriname]] migrated from the [[Bhojpuri region|Bhojpur]] region in present-day eastern [[Uttar Pradesh]], western [[Bihar]] and northwestern [[Jharkhand]] and the [[Awadh]] region in eastern Uttar Pradesh, while a significant minority came from [[South India]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.khabar.com/magazine/features/diaspora-lessons-from-trinidad-and-guyana |title=Khabar: Diaspora: Lessons from Trinidad and Guyana |access-date=2022-09-16 |archive-date=2022-09-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220920171018/https://www.khabar.com/magazine/features/diaspora-lessons-from-trinidad-and-guyana |url-status=live}}</ref> Most of the Indians brought to [[Guadeloupe]], [[Martinique]], [[Saint Lucia]] and [[French Guiana]] were mostly from [[Tamil Nadu]], [[Andhra Pradesh]], [[Telangana]], and other parts of South India.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.indiaabroad.com/opinion/the-tamils-of-guadeloupe-more-french-than-indian/article_df32bd26-3fa3-11e9-87e9-c39cd4c198c1.html |title=The Tamils of Guadeloupe, more French than Indian? |access-date=2022-09-16 |archive-date=2022-09-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220920170528/https://www.indiaabroad.com/opinion/the-tamils-of-guadeloupe-more-french-than-indian/article_df32bd26-3fa3-11e9-87e9-c39cd4c198c1.html |url-status=live}}</ref> A minority emigrated from other parts of South Asia. Other Indo-Caribbean people are descend from or are later migrants, including Indian doctors, businessmen, and other professionals. Many of them being of [[Sindhi people|Sindhi]], [[Punjabis|Punjabi]], [[Gujarati people|Gujarati]], [[Kutchi people|Kutchi]], [[Bengali people|Bengali]], [[Tamil people|Tamil]], and [[Telugu people|Telugu]] origin.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/nri/working-abroad/feisty-community-of-indian-origin-entrepreneurs-making-its-presence-felt-in-curacao/articleshow/18309336.cms?from=mdr |title=Feisty community of Indian origin entrepreneurs making its presence felt in Curacao |newspaper=The Economic Times |last1=Duttagupta |first1=Ishani |access-date=2022-09-16 |archive-date=2022-09-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220920170151/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/nri/working-abroad/feisty-community-of-indian-origin-entrepreneurs-making-its-presence-felt-in-curacao/articleshow/18309336.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://jamaica-gleaner.com/article/art-leisure/20220306/r-masakui-sindhis-journey-indus-valley-jamaica |title=R. Masakui &#124; Sindhis – Journey from Indus Valley to Jamaica |date=6 March 2022 |access-date=2022-09-16 |archive-date=2022-09-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220920172803/https://jamaica-gleaner.com/article/art-leisure/20220306/r-masakui-sindhis-journey-indus-valley-jamaica |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.samaaenglish.tv/news/2025801 |title=From Shikarpur to Caribbean Islands, the story of Sindhi businessmen |date=8 May 2020 |access-date=2022-09-16 |archive-date=2022-09-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220920170620/https://www.samaaenglish.tv/news/2025801 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.irasroom.org/circlingindia/the-sikhs-of-trinidad |title=The Sikhs of Trinidad |access-date=2022-09-16 |archive-date=2022-09-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220920163341/https://www.irasroom.org/circlingindia/the-sikhs-of-trinidad |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/blogs/tracking-indian-communities/global-gujjus-now-in-129-nations/ | title=Global Gujjus — now in 129 nations |website=[[The Times of India]] |date=4 January 2015 | access-date=2022-09-16 |archive-date=2022-09-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220920164830/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/blogs/tracking-indian-communities/global-gujjus-now-in-129-nations/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Degia |first1=Haajima |title=Bajan-Indians: emergent identities of the Gujarati-Muslims of Barbados |journal=South Asian Diaspora |date=3 July 2018 |volume=10 |issue=2 |pages=155–171 |doi=10.1080/19438192.2018.1460919 |s2cid=149608943}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://blogs.baruch.cuny.edu/dollarsandsense/2017/03/09/bangladeshis-find-new-home-in-jamaica/ |title=Bangladeshis Find Home in Jamaica – Dollars & Sense | date=26 July 2017 | access-date=2022-09-16 |archive-date=2022-09-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220920163524/https://blogs.baruch.cuny.edu/dollarsandsense/2017/03/09/bangladeshis-find-new-home-in-jamaica/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Nakhuda |first1=Sabir |title=Bengal to Barbados: A 100 Year History of East Indians in Barbados |date=2013 |publisher=The Author |isbn=978-976-8233-71-4 |oclc=1335732999 |url=https://archive.org/details/bengaltobarbados0000nakh}}</ref> Many Indo-Caribbean people have further migrated and settled to other countries, such as the [[United States]], [[Canada]], the [[United Kingdom]], the [[Netherlands]], and [[France]], with sizable populations in the [[metropolitan area]]s of [[New York metropolitan area|New York]], [[Greater Toronto Area|Toronto]], [[Miami metropolitan area|Miami-Fort Lauderdale-West Palm Beach]], [[Greater Orlando|Orlando]]-[[Ocala metropolitan area|Ocala]], [[Minneapolis–Saint Paul]], [[Tampa Bay area|Tampa Bay]], [[Winnipeg Metropolitan Region|Winnipeg]], [[Greater Montreal|Montreal]], [[Vancouver metropolitan area|Vancouver]], [[Greater Houston|Houston–The Woodlands–Sugar Land]], [[Washington metropolitan area|Washington, D.C.]], [[Schenectady, New York|Schenectady]], [[Calgary Metropolitan Region|Calgary]], [[London metropolitan area|London]], [[Rotterdam–The Hague metropolitan area|Rotterdam-Den Haag]], and [[Amsterdam metropolitan area|Amsterdam]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Manuel |first1=Peter |title=Music, Identity, and Images of India in the Indo-Caribbean Diaspora |journal=Asian Music |date=1997 |volume=29 |issue=1 |pages=17–35 |doi=10.2307/834410 |jstor=834410 |url=https://academicworks.cuny.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1536&context=jj_pubs|url-access=subscription }}</ref>

Indo-Caribbean people are the largest ethnic group in Guyana, Suriname, and Trinidad and Tobago. They are the second largest group in Jamaica, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines and other countries. There are small populations of them in Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, French Guiana, Grenada, Panama, Guatemala, St. Lucia, Haiti, Martinique, Guadeloupe, and the Netherlands Antilles.

===Europe===

====Netherlands and Suriname====

{{main|Indians in the Netherlands|Indo-Surinamese}}

There are around 120,000 people of Indian origin in the Netherlands, 90% of whom migrated from the former Dutch colony of Suriname, where their forefathers were brought as workers to farm and tend to crops in the former Dutch colonies.{{citation needed|date=June 2017}}

Indo-Surinamese are nationals of Suriname of Indian or other South Asian ancestry. After the Dutch government signed a treaty with the United Kingdom on the recruitment of contract workers, Indians began migrating to Suriname in 1873 from what was then British India as indentured labourers, many from the modern-day Indian states of Uttar Pradesh, Bihar and the surrounding regions. Just before and just after the independence of Suriname on 25 November 1975 many Indo-Surinamese emigrated to the Netherlands.{{citation needed|date=June 2017}}

During the heyday of British rule in India, many people from India were sent to other British colonies for work. In the Dutch colony of Suriname, the Dutch were allowed by the British Raj to recruit labourers in certain parts of the North-Indian United Provinces. Today, Europe's largest Hindu temple is currently situated in [[The Hague]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hinduism Today - Authentic resources for a billion-strong religion in renaissance |url=https://www.hinduismtoday.com/blogs-news/hindu-press-international/dream-comes-true--the-hindu-temple-in-the-hague-is-finished-after-years-of-building/16926.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200616231339/https://www.hinduismtoday.com/blogs-news/hindu-press-international/dream-comes-true--the-hindu-temple-in-the-hague-is-finished-after-years-of-building/16926.html |archive-date=16 June 2020 |access-date=16 June 2020}}</ref>

====United Kingdom====

{{Main|British Indians|Indian community of London}}

[[File:Madhur Jaffrey crop.jpg|thumb|upright=0.7|[[Madhur Jaffrey]] is a notable Indian-born [[British Indian]] actress, food and travel writer, and television personality.]]

[[File:Official Portrait of Prime Minister Rishi Sunak (cropped).jpg|thumb|upright=0.7|[[Rishi Sunak]], the first British Indian (non-white) [[Leader of the Conservative Party (UK)|Leader of the Conservative Party]] and [[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom]] (2022–2024)]]

The Indian emigrant community in the United Kingdom is now in its third generation. Indians in the UK are the largest community outside of [[Asia]] proportionally, and the second largest in terms of population, only surpassed by the United States, and closely followed by Canada. The first wave of Indians in the United Kingdom worked as manual labourers and were not respected within society. However, this has changed considerably. On the whole, third and fourth generation immigrants are proving to be very successful, especially in the fields of law, business and medicine.{{citation needed|date=June 2017}}

Indian culture has been constantly referenced within the wider British culture, at first as an "exotic" influence in films like ''[[My Beautiful Laundrette]]'', but now increasingly as a familiar feature in films like ''[[Bend It Like Beckham]]''.

The [[United Kingdom Census 2011]] recorded 1,451,862 people of Indian ethnicity resident in the UK (not including those who categorised themselves as of mixed ethnicity).<ref name="UK Census 2011"/> The main ethnic groups are [[Gujaratis]], [[Punjabis]], [[Bengalis]], [[Hindi Belt|Hindi-speaking people]], [[Tamils]], [[Telugu people|Telugus]], [[Malayali]]s, [[Goans|Goan]]-[[Konkani people|Konkanis]], [[Sindhis]], [[Marathi people|Marathis]], and [[Anglo-Indian]]s.<ref name=Chanda>{{cite web|url=http://www.india-eu-migration.eu/media/CARIM-India-2013-08.pdf|title=The Punjabi Diaspora in the UK: An Overview of Characteristics and Contributions to India|first1=Rupa|last1=Chanda|first2=Sriparna|last2=Ghosh|work=CARIM-India Research Report|issue=2013/08|publisher=Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies, European University Institute|year=2013|access-date=22 July 2016|pages=2–3|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304060809/http://www.india-eu-migration.eu/media/CARIM-India-2013-08.pdf|archive-date=4 March 2016}}</ref> Hindus comprise 49% of the British Indian population, Sikhs 22.1%, Muslims 13.9%, Christians nearly 10%, with the remainder made up of Jains (15,000), Parsis (Zoroastrians), and Buddhists.<ref>[http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/about-ons/business-transparency/freedom-of-information/what-can-i-request/previous-foi-requests/population/ethnicity-and-religion-by-age/dc2201ew---ethnic-group-and-religion.xls DC2201EW - Ethnic group and religion (Excel sheet 21Kb)] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160123221517/http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/about-ons/business-transparency/freedom-of-information/what-can-i-request/previous-foi-requests/population/ethnicity-and-religion-by-age/dc2201ew---ethnic-group-and-religion.xls |date=23 January 2016}} ONS. 2015–09-15. Retrieved 2016-01-14.</ref>

There are 2,360,000 people currently speaking Indian languages in the United Kingdom.<ref>{{Cite web |title=United Kingdom |url=http://www.ethnologue.com/show_country.asp?name=GB |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130213084829/http://www.ethnologue.com/show_country.asp?name=GB |archive-date=13 February 2013 |access-date=20 April 2016 |website=Ethnologue}}</ref> [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]] is now the second most widely spoken language in the United Kingdom,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hansard |url=https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm199900/cmhansrd/vo000307/halltext/00307h02.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121005070140/http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm199900/cmhansrd/vo000307/halltext/00307h02.htm |archive-date=5 October 2012 |access-date=3 February 2010}}</ref> and the most frequently spoken language among school pupils who do not have English as a first language.{{citation needed|date=November 2019}}

[[Rishi Sunak]] became the first British Indian (non-white) [[Prime Ministers of the United Kingdom|Prime Minister of the United Kingdom]] in October 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rishi Sunak {{!}} EBSCO Research Starters |url=https://www.ebsco.com/research-starters/biography/rishi-sunak |access-date=2025-08-22 |website=www.ebsco.com |language=en}}</ref>

==== Ukraine ====

[[Ukraine]] has become a significant destination for Indian students, particularly in the field of medicine. As of early 2022, over 18,000 Indian students were enrolled in Ukrainian universities, making up one of the largest international student communities in the country. The [[COVID-19 pandemic|COVID-19]] pandemic and the subsequent [[Russian invasion of Ukraine|Russia Ukraine conflict in 2022]] brought global attention to this population, culminating in India’s evacuation mission known as '''[[Operation Ganga]]''',<ref>{{Cite news |last=Banerjee |first=Shoumojit |date=2022-03-06 |title=‘Operation Ganga’ proof of India’s increasing influence around the globe: PM Modi |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/operation-ganga-proof-of-indias-increasing-influence-around-the-globe-pm-modi/article65198265.ece |access-date=2025-07-21 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.ndtv.com/videos/op-ganga-was-one-of-the-most-well-executed-missions-hardeep-puri-on-pm-s-11-year-government-949910 |title=Video {{!}} 'Op Ganga Was One Of The Most Well-Executed Missions': Hardeep Puri On PM's 11-Year Government |language=en |access-date=2025-07-21 |via=www.ndtv.com}}</ref> which successfully repatriated thousands of stranded Indian nationals. The student diaspora in Ukraine has also found reflection in contemporary literature. One such example is ''The Life of Tolka'',<ref>{{Cite book |last=Chopra |first=Dr. Nitin |title=The Life of Tolka |publisher=Poetry World Org |year=2022 |isbn=9789392507052 |edition=1sr |___location=India |language=English}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Google Search |url=https://www.google.com/search?kgmid=%2Fg%2F11vhzs8cwj&hl=en-IN&q=The%20Life%20of%20Tolka&shndl=17&shem=npsc3%2Csdl1p&source=sh%2Fx%2Fkp%2Fosrp%2Fm5%2F1&kgs=4b362fa96b42bbba |access-date=2025-07-21 |website=www.google.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-05-21 |title="Life was uncertain even in the safety bunkers" says Dr. Nitin Chopra |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-was-uncertain-even-in-the-safety-bunkers-says-dr-nitin-chopra/articleshow/100400136.cms?source=post_page-----8f725d78b146--------------------------------&from=mdr |access-date=2025-07-21 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> a memoir by Indian doctor and author Dr. Nitin Chopra,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-01-10 |title=मडलौडा का कवि बना पोयट आफ द ईयर - mobile |url=http://haryana.punjabkesari.in/panipat/news/the-poet-of-mdluda-become-poet-of-the-year-431739 |access-date=2025-07-21 |website=punjabkesari}}</ref> which captures the emotional, academic, and cultural journey of Indian medical students navigating life in [[Eastern Europe]].

===North America===

{{main|Indians in the New York City metropolitan area}}

[[File:Top of Rock Cropped.jpg|thumb|left|250px|The [[New York City Metropolitan Area|New York]] [[combined statistical area]] is home to by far the largest Indian population in the United States, with over 700,000 (7 lakhs) enumerated at the [[2020 U.S. census]]]]

Search terms can be confusing, because some of the [[indigenous people of the Americas]] are referred to, either legally or informally, as Indians. See for example [[Indian Act]], [[Indian Register]], [[Indian reserves]].

====Canada====

{{Main|Indo-Canadians}}

{{See also|South Asian Canadians|South Asian Canadians in British Columbia|South Asian Canadians in the Greater Toronto Area|South Asian Canadians in Greater Vancouver}}

[[File:Canadian Minister of Defence Harjit Singh Sajjan addresses the U.S. congressional delegation in Halifax, NS, for the 2016 Halifax International Security Forum (30299569794).jpg|thumb|upright=0.7|[[Harjit Sajjan]], is an [[Indian Canadian]] politician and former [[Lieutenant Colonel (Canada)|lieutenant colonel]] with the Canadian Armed Forces. He served as the [[Minister of National Defence (Canada)|Minister of National Defence]] from 2015 to 2021.]]

[[File:Lilly Singh by Gage Skidmore.jpg|thumb|right|upright=0.7|Canada's [[Lilly Singh]], known by her [[YouTube]] username "IISuperwomanII", is a popular [[List of YouTubers|YouTube personality]] of Indian origin.<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 August 2015 |title=Meet Superwoman Lilly Singh, biggest YouTube star of Indian origin |url=http://www.americanbazaaronline.com/2015/08/10/meet-superwoman-lilly-singh-biggest-youtube-star-of-indian-origin/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923111629/http://www.americanbazaaronline.com/2015/08/10/meet-superwoman-lilly-singh-biggest-youtube-star-of-indian-origin/ |archive-date=23 September 2015 |access-date=20 April 2016 |website=The American Bazaar}}</ref>]]

[[File:Navdeep Bains3.jpg|thumb|upright=0.7|Canada's 11th [[Minister of Innovation, Science and Industry]], from 2015 to 2021, [[Navdeep Bains]] is one of the most successful [[Indo-Canadians|Indo-Canadian]] politicians]]

According to [[Statistics Canada]], via the [[2021 Canadian census]], 1,858,755 persons classified themselves as being of Indian origin, comprising approximately 5.1% of the total Canadian population.{{efn|name=NoteCanadaPopulation2021|[[2021 Canadian census|2021 census]]: Statistic includes all persons with ethnic or cultural origin responses with ancestry to the nation of India, including "Anglo-Indian" (3,340), "Bengali" (26,675), "Goan" (9,700), "Gujarati" (36,970), "Indian" (1,347,715), "Jatt" (22,785), "Kashmiri" (6,165), "Maharashtrian" (4,125), "Malayali" (12,490), "Punjabi" (279,950), "Tamil" (102,170), and "Telugu" (6,670).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=2022-10-26 |title=Ethnic or cultural origin by gender and age: Canada, provinces and territories, census metropolitan areas and census agglomerations with parts |url=https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=9810035601 |access-date=2022-10-26 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca |archive-date=2022-10-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221026230217/https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=9810035601 |url-status=live}}</ref>}} Unlike in India, however, representation of various minority religious groups is much higher amongst the Indo-Canadian population. For instance in India, Sikhs comprise 2% and Christians 2.2% of the population of India, Hindus 80% and Muslims 14%. In 2011, [[Sikhism|Sikhs]] represented 35%, [[Hindu]]s represented 28%, [[Muslim]]s 17%, [[Christianity|Christians]] 16% of the total people of Indian origin in Canada.<ref>[http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/89-621-x/89-621-x2007004-eng.htm#6 The East Indian Community in Canada] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150104162204/http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/89-621-x/89-621-x2007004-eng.htm#6 |date=4 January 2015}}. Statcan.gc.ca (16 July 2007). Retrieved 29 July 2013.</ref>

A Punjabi community has existed in British Columbia, Canada, for over 120 years. The first known Indian settlers in Canada were [[Indian Army]] soldiers who had passed through Canada in 1897 on their way home from attending [[Queen Victoria]]'s Diamond Jubilee celebration in London, England. Some are believed to have remained in [[British Columbia]] and others returned there later. Punjabi Indians were attracted to the possibilities for farming and forestry. They were mainly male [[Sikhs]] who were seeking work opportunities. [[Indo-Caribbean]]s, descendants of the Indian indentured workers who had gone to the Caribbean since 1838, made an early appearance in Canada with the arrival of the [[Trinidadian]] medical student Kenneth Mahabir and the Demerara (now Guyana) clerk M N Santoo, both in 1908.{{citation needed|date=June 2017}}

The first Indian immigrants in British Columbia allegedly faced widespread [[racism]] from the majority [[Anglo]] community. [[Race riots]] targeted these immigrants, as well as new Chinese immigrants. Most decided to return to India, while a few stayed behind. The [[Canadian government]] prevented these men from bringing their wives and children until 1919, another reason why many of them chose to leave. Quotas were established to prevent many Indians from moving to Canada in the early 20th century. These quotas allowed fewer than 100 people from India a year until 1957, when the number was increased to 300. In 1967, all quotas were scrapped. Immigration was then based on a point system, thus allowing many more Indians to enter. Since this open-door policy was adopted, Indians continue to come in large numbers, and roughly 25,000-30,000 arrive each year, which now makes Indians the second highest group immigrating to Canada each year, after the Chinese.{{citation needed|date=June 2017}}

Most Indians choose to emigrate to larger urban centres like Toronto and Vancouver, where more than 60% live. Smaller communities are also growing in Calgary, Edmonton, Montreal, and Winnipeg. A place called [[Punjabi Market, Vancouver|Little India]] exists in South Vancouver and a section of [[Gerrard Street (Toronto)|Gerrard Street]] in Toronto as well. Indians in Vancouver live mainly in the suburb of [[Surrey, British Columbia|Surrey]], or nearby [[Abbotsford, British Columbia|Abbotsford]] but are also found in other parts of Vancouver. The vast majority of Vancouver Indians are of Punjabi Sikh origin and have taken significant roles in politics and other professions, with several [[Supreme Court of British Columbia|Supreme Court]] [[Judge|justices]], three [[Attorney General|attorneys general]] and one provincial premier hailing from the community. Both [[Gurmant Grewal]] and his wife [[Nina Grewal]] were the first married couple in Canada to be concurrently elected as [[Member of Parliament]] in 2004. The most read newspaper in the Indian community is ''The Asian Star'' and ''The Punjabi Star'' based in Vancouver started by an immigrant from Mumbai-Shamir Doshi.{{citation needed|date=June 2017}}

The [[Greater Toronto Area]] contains the second largest population of Indian descent in North America, enumerating 572,250 residents of Indian origin as of 2011, surpassed only by the 592,888 estimate by the 2011 American Community Survey<ref>{{Cite web |title=ACS Demographic and Housing Estimates Geographies Table DP05 2011 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates |url=https://www.census.gov |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19961227012639/http://www.census.gov/ |archive-date=27 December 1996 |access-date=12 April 2013 |publisher=US Census Bureau}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=4 July 2011 |title=South Asian immigrants are transforming Toronto |work=The Globe and Mail |___location=Toronto |url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/toronto/south-asian-immigrants-are-transforming-toronto/article625650/ |url-status=live |access-date=6 September 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170423050801/http://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/toronto/south-asian-immigrants-are-transforming-toronto/article625650/ |archive-date=23 April 2017}}</ref> (and 659,784 in 2013<ref>{{Cite web |title=ACS Demographic and Housing Estimates – 2013 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates |url=http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/ACS/13_1YR/DP05/330M200US408 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20141225190536/http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/ACS/13_1YR/DP05/330M200US408 |archive-date=25 December 2014 |access-date=26 December 2014 |publisher=United States Census Bureau}}</ref>) for the New York City [[Combined Statistical Area]]. Note, however, that the Toronto count (but not the New York count) includes individuals of [[West Indian]]/Indo-Caribbean descent. Compared to the Vancouver area, Toronto's Indian community is much more linguistically and religiously diverse with large communities of [[Gujaratis]], [[Bengalis]], [[Malayalis]], and [[Tamils]], including Tamil ethnic minority from Sri Lanka, as well as more Indians who are [[Hindu]], [[Sikh]] and [[Muslim]] than Vancouver. From Toronto, Canadian carrier [[Air Canada]] operates non-stop flights to Delhi and Mumbai.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Air Canada Circles the World adding Six New Destinations to its Expanding International Network – Sep 28, 2016 |url=http://aircanada.mediaroom.com/index.php?s=43&item=1064 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170430222347/http://aircanada.mediaroom.com/index.php?s=43&item=1064 |archive-date=30 April 2017 |access-date=27 May 2018 |publisher=Aircanada.mediaroom.com}}</ref>

====United States====

{{Main|Indian Americans}}

{{See also|Indians in the New York City metropolitan area|Deportation of Indian nationals under Donald Trump}}

<gallery>

File:Bhardwaj usn2001.jpg|[[Mohini Bhardwaj]] was a member of the [[United States at the 2004 Summer Olympics|US Gymnastic Women's Team]] at the [[2004 Summer Olympics]], which earned a silver medal in [[Gymnastics at the 2004 Summer Olympics – Women's artistic team all-around|women's artistic team all-around competition]] and is a member of USA Gymnastics Hall of Fame. She is the second [[Indian Americans|Indian American]] Olympic medalist.

File:Raj Bhavsar.jpg|[[Raj Bhavsar]] was a member of [[United States at the 2008 Summer Olympics|US Gymnastic Men's Team]] at [[2008 Summer Olympics]] that earned a bronze medal in [[Gymnastics at the 2008 Summer Olympics – Men's artistic team all-around|men's artistic team all-around competition]]. He is the third American Olympic medalist of [[Indian Americans|Indian ancestry]]

File:Ram RG18 (9) (28110272897).jpg|[[United States at the 2016 Summer Olympics|Team USA]]'s [[Rajeev Ram]] won a silver medal in [[Tennis at the 2016 Summer Olympics – Mixed doubles|Mixed doubles Tennis]] at [[2016 Summer Olympics]] with [[Venus Williams]], the fourth American athlete of Indian ancestry, to win an Olympic medal.

File:Kalpana Chawla, NASA photo portrait in orange suit.jpg|[[Kalpana Chawla]] was the first [[Indian American]] astronaut.

</gallery>

The United States has the largest Indian population in the world outside Asia. Indian immigration to North America started as early as the 1890s. Emigration to the United States also started in the late 19th and early 20th century, when [[Sikhs]] arriving in Vancouver found that the fact that they were subjects of the British Empire did not mean anything in Canada itself, and they were blatantly discriminated against.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Chandrasekhar |first=S. |date=26 July 1944 |title=Indian Immigration in America |journal=Far Eastern Survey |volume=13 |issue=15 |page=141 |doi=10.2307/3021823 |jstor=3021823}}</ref>{{clarify|date=June 2017}} Some of these pioneers entered the US or landed in [[Seattle]] and [[San Francisco]] as the ships that carried them from Asia often stopped at these ports. Most of these immigrants were Sikhs from the [[Punjab]] region.

Asian women were restricted from immigrating because the US government passed laws in 1917, at the behest of California and other states in the west, which had experienced a large influx of Chinese, Japanese, and Indian immigrants during and after the gold rush. As a result, many of the South Asian men in California married Mexican women. A fair number of these families settled in the Central Valley in California as farmers, and continue to this day. These early immigrants were denied voting rights, family re-unification and citizenship. In 1923 the [[Supreme Court of the United States]], in ''[[United States v. Bhagat Singh Thind]]'', ruled that people from India (at the time, British India, e.g. South Asians) were ineligible for citizenship. [[Bhagat Singh Thind]] was a [[Sikh]] from India who settled in Oregon; he had applied earlier for citizenship and was rejected there.<ref>[https://www.pbs.org/rootsinthesand/i_bhagat1.html "Bhagat Singh Thind"]. ''Roots in the Sand''. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170828041811/http://www.pbs.org/rootsinthesand/i_bhagat1.html |date=28 August 2017}}. PBS. Retrieved 29 July 2013.</ref> Thind became a citizen a few years later in New York.

After World War II, US immigration policy changed, after almost a half century, to allow family re-unification for people of non-white origin. In addition, Asians were allowed to become citizens and to vote. Many men who arrived before the 1940s were finally able to bring their families to the US; most of them in this earlier era settled in California and other west coast states.{{citation needed|date=June 2017}}

Another wave of Indian immigrants entered the US after independence of India. A large proportion of them were Sikhs joining their family members under the newly more (though not completely) colour-blind immigration laws, then Malayali immigrants from Middle East, Kerala, etc. and professionals or students came from all over India. The Cold War created a need for engineers in the defence and aerospace industries, some of whom came from India. By the late 1980s and early 1990s, large numbers of [[Gujarati people|Gujarati]], [[Telugu people|Telugu]], and [[Tamil people|Tamil]] people had settled in the US. The most recent and probably the largest wave of immigration to date occurred in the late 1990s and early 2000s during the [[internet]] boom. As a result, Indians in the US are now one of the largest among the groups of immigrants with an estimated population of about 3.2 million, or ~1.0% of the US population according to [[American Community Survey]] of 2010 data.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Race Reporting for the Asian Population by Selected Categories: 2010 |url=http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=DEC_10_SF1_QTP8&prodType=table |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20161012022855/http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=DEC_10_SF1_QTP8&prodType=table |archive-date=12 October 2016 |access-date=17 January 2012 |publisher=US Census Bureau}}</ref> The demographics of Indian Americans have accordingly changed from majority Sikh to majority Hindu, with Sikhs only comprising 10% to 20% of Indian Americans today. This is much smaller than the proportion of Sikhs amongst the Indian populations in the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand, but larger than in India. In 2018, with 25% of the population of all non-resident migrants in the US, Indians made up the highest number of non-resident migrants (those without US citizenship or [[green card]]).<ref>[https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/diaspora/every-4th-non-resident-foreign-national-in-us-in-2016-an-indian-report/834489.html "Every 4th non-resident foreign national in US in 2016 an Indian: Report"]. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190920114322/https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/diaspora/every-4th-non-resident-foreign-national-in-us-in-2016-an-indian-report/834489.html |date=20 September 2019}}. ''The Tribune India'', 18 September 2019</ref> The [[US Census Bureau]] uses the term Asian Indian to avoid confusion with the [[indigenous peoples of the Americas]] commonly referred to as American Indians.

[[File:Percent of population claiming Asian Indian ethnicity by state in 2010.svg|right|thumb|Percent of population claiming Asian Indian ethnicity by state in 2010]]

In contrast to the earliest groups of Indians who entered the US just thinking how much money I can carry from India<ref>{{Cite web |title=How much Dollars can I Carry from India? |url=https://globaltree.in/articles/how-much-usd-can-i-carry-from-india-to-usa/ |access-date=2024-11-27 |website=globaltree.in}}</ref> to workforce as taxi drivers, labourers, farmers, or small business owners, the later arrivals often came as professionals or completed graduate studies in the US and moved into professional occupations. They have become very successful financially thanks to highly technical industries, and are thus probably the most well-off community of immigrants. They are well represented in all walks of life, but particularly so in [[academia]], information technology, and medicine.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ramisetty-Mikler, Suhasini |date=January 1993 |title=Asian Indian Immigrants in America and Sociocultural Issues in Counseling |journal=Journal of Multicultural Counseling and Development |volume=21 |issue=1 |pages=36–49 |doi=10.1002/j.2161-1912.1993.tb00581.x}}</ref> There were over 4,000 PIO professors and 84,000 Indian{{nbhyph}}born students in American universities in 2007–08. The American Association of Physicians of Indian Origin has a membership of 35,000. In 2000, ''[[Fortune (magazine)|Fortune]]'' magazine estimated the wealth generated by Indian [[Silicon Valley]] entrepreneurs at around $250 billion.{{citation needed|date=June 2017}} Many IT companies like [[Google]], [[Microsoft]], [[Adobe Inc.|Adobe]] and [[IBM]] have CEOs of Indian origin.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Gupta |first1=Swati |title=Immigration Crackdowns Put an $800 Billion Lifeline at Risk |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/features/2025-05-06/immigration-crackdowns-put-remittances-at-risk-from-india-to-mexico?srnd=homepage-asia |access-date=22 May 2025 |work=Bloomberg |date=6 May 2025}}</ref>

[[File:Fcc2.jpg|thumb|Aerial view of [[exurb]]an [[Monroe Township, Middlesex County, New Jersey|Monroe Township]], [[Little India, Edison/Iselin|Middlesex County]], [[Indians in New Jersey|New Jersey]] housing tracts in 2010. Since then, significant new housing construction is rendering an increasingly [[affluent]] and [[suburb]]an environment to Monroe Township, while maintaining the proximity to [[Indians in the New York metropolitan area|New York City]] sought by Indians in this township with the fastest-growing Indian population in the [[Western Hemisphere]].]]

[[Patel Brothers]] is the world's large supermarket chain serving the [[Overseas Indians|Indian diaspora]], with 57 locations in 19 U.S. states&mdash;primarily located in the [[Indians in the New York City metropolitan area|New Jersey/New York Metropolitan Area]], due to its large [[Indians in the New York City metropolitan area|Indian population]], and with the [[East Windsor, New Jersey|East Windsor/Monroe Township]], [[New Jersey]] ___location representing the world's largest and busiest Indian grocery store outside India.

The [[New York City Metropolitan Area]], including [[Manhattan]], [[Queens]], and [[Nassau County, New York|Nassau County]] in [[New York State]], and most of [[New Jersey]], is home to, by far, the largest Indian population in the United States,<ref>{{Cite web |last=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |year=2013 |title=Persons Obtaining Lawful Permanent Resident Status by Leading Core Based Statistical Areas (CBSAs) of Residence and Region and Country of Birth: Fiscal Year 2013 |url=https://www.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/publications/immigration-statistics/yearbook/2013/LPR/immsuptable2d.xls |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150501031722/http://www.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/publications/immigration-statistics/yearbook/2013/LPR/immsuptable2d.xls |archive-date=1 May 2015 |access-date=26 December 2014 |website=Yearbook of Immigration Statistics: 2013 |publisher=Department of Homeland Security}}</ref> estimated at 679,173 as of 2014.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Selected Population Profile in the United States – 2014 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates – Asian Indian alone |url=http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/ACS/14_1YR/S0201/330M200US408/popgroup~013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20200214001939/http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/ACS/14_1YR/S0201/330M200US408/popgroup~013 |archive-date=14 February 2020 |access-date=17 November 2015 |publisher=United States Census Bureau}}</ref> Though the Indian diaspora in the US is largely concentrated in metropolitan areas surrounding cities such as New York City, Washington D.C., Boston, Philadelphia, Atlanta, Chicago, Detroit, Dallas, Houston, Los Angeles, and San Francisco – almost every metropolitan area in the United States has a community of Indians.

===Oceania===

====Australia====

{{Main|Indian Australians}}

At the 2016 Australian census, 619,164 people stated that they had Indian ancestry, of which 455,389 were born in India, with people from India making up the third largest immigrant population in the country and the second most popular country of origin for new migrants from 2016.<ref>{{Cite web |title=2016 Census Community Profiles: Australia |url=http://www.censusdata.abs.gov.au/census_services/getproduct/census/2016/communityprofile/036?opendocument |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170704151717/http://www.censusdata.abs.gov.au/census_services/getproduct/census/2016/communityprofile/036?opendocument |archive-date=4 July 2017 |access-date=27 May 2018 |publisher=Australian Bureau of Statistics}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Indians become second largest group of migrants in Australia |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/nri/other-news/indians-become-second-largest-group-of-migrants-in-australia/articleshow/59337145.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190720173946/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/nri/other-news/indians-become-second-largest-group-of-migrants-in-australia/articleshow/59337145.cms |archive-date=20 July 2019 |access-date=9 July 2019 |newspaper=The Times of India|date=27 June 2017}}</ref> Before roads and road transport were developed, many Indians had come to Australia to run [[camel train]]s. They would transport goods and mail via camels in the desert. Some of the earliest Punjabi arrivals in Australia included Kareem Bux, who came as a hawker to [[Bendigo]] in 1893, Sardar Beer Singh Johal, who came in 1895 and Sardar Narain Singh Heyer, who arrived in 1898. Many Punjabis took part in the rush for gold on the Victorian fields.

Indians also entered Australia in the first half of the 20th century when both Australia and India were both British colonies. Indian Sikhs came to work on the banana plantations in Southern Queensland. Today many of them live in the town of [[Woolgoolga]] (a town lying roughly halfway between Sydney and Brisbane). Some of these Indians, the descendants of Sikh plantation workers, now own banana farms in the area. There are two Sikh temples in Woolgoolga, one of which has a museum dedicated to Sikhism. Many Britons and [[Anglo-Indian]]s born in India migrated to Australia after 1947. These British citizens decided to settle in Australia in large numbers but are still counted as Indian Nationals in the census. The third wave of Indians entered the country in the 1970s and 1980s after the abolition of the [[White Australia policy]] in 1973 with many Indian teachers, doctors and other professional public service occupations settling in Australia accompanied by many IT professionals.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ministry of External Affairs - Government of India |title=Report of the High Level Committee on the Indian Diaspora |url=https://www.mea.gov.in/images/pdf/1-executive-summary.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190810162741/https://www.mea.gov.in/images/pdf/1-executive-summary.pdf |archive-date=10 August 2019 |access-date=9 July 2019}}</ref>

After successive military coups in Fiji of 1987 and 2000, a significant number of Fijian-Indians migrated to Australia; as such there is a large Fijian-Indian population in Australia. Fijian-Indians have significantly changed the character of the Indian community in Australia. While most earlier Indian migration was by educated professionals, the Fijian-Indian community was also largely by professionals but also brought many small business owners and entrepreneurs.

The current wave of Indian migration is that of engineers, toolmakers, Gujarati business families from East Africa and relatives of settled Indians. Starved of government funding, Australian education institutes are recruiting full fee paying overseas students. Many universities have permanent representatives stationed in India and other Asian countries. Their efforts have been rewarded with a new influx of Indian students entering Australia. The total number of student visas granted to Indian students for 2006–2007 was 34,136;<ref>{{Cite web |title=Australian Government Department of Immigration and Border Protection |url=http://www.immi.gov.au/media/statistics/study/_pdf/2006_07_grants_combined.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101205165146/http://www.immi.gov.au/media/statistics/study/_pdf/2006_07_grants_combined.pdf |archive-date=5 December 2010 |access-date=20 April 2016 |publisher=Department of Home Affairs}}</ref> a significant rise from 2002 to 2003, when 7,603 student visas were granted to Indian students.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Australian Government Department of Immigration and Border Protection |url=http://www.immi.gov.au/media/statistics/study/_pdf/2002-03-offshore-onshore-grants.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100928165952/http://www.immi.gov.au/media/statistics/study/_pdf/2002-03-offshore-onshore-grants.pdf |archive-date=28 September 2010 |access-date=20 April 2016 |publisher=Department of Home Affairs}}</ref> According to the Australian Bureau of Statistics, 87% of Indians residing in Australia are under the age of 50, and over 83% are proficient in English.

====Fiji====

{{Main|Indo-Fijians|Girmityas}}

Indo-Fijians are Fijians whose ancestors came mainly from [[Uttar Pradesh]] and [[Bihar]], while a very small minority hailed from [[Andhra Pradesh]] and [[Tamil Nadu]]. Later on, a small population of [[Gujaratis]], [[Punjabis]] and [[Bengalis]] emigrated to [[Fiji]]. They number {{formatnum:313798}} (37.6%) (2007 census) out of a total of {{formatnum:827900}} people living in Fiji.<ref>{{Cite news |date=31 October 2007 |title=Fiji population up 50,000 in 10 yrs |publisher=[[Fijilive]] |url=http://www.fijilive.com/news/show/news/2007/10/31/news5.html |url-status=live |access-date=4 November 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071102080854/http://www.fijilive.com/news/show/news/2007/10/31/news5.html |archive-date=2 November 2007}}</ref> They are mostly descended from indentured labourers, ''girmitiyas'' or ''girmit'', brought to the islands by the British colonial government of Fiji between 1879 and 1916 to work on Fiji's sugar cane plantations. Music has featured prominently in Indo-Fijian culture, with a distinctive genre emerging in the first decades of the 20th century that some claim influenced early jazz musicians. One of the Indo-Fijian jazz pioneers in the early evolution of this distinct ethnic art-form, Ravinda Banjeeri, likened the struggle to be heard through music as "like a bear emerging from a dark wood, listening to twigs snapping in an otherwise silent forest". The Indo-Fijians have fought for equal rights, although with only limited success. Many have left Fiji in search of better living conditions and social justice and this exodus has gained pace with the series of coups starting in the late 1980s.

====New Zealand====

{{Main category|New Zealand people of Indian descent}}

[[File:Anand Satyanand.JPG|thumb|upright|The former [[Governor General of New Zealand]], [[Anand Satyanand]], is of Indian descent.]]

Indians began to arrive in New Zealand in the late eighteenth century, mostly as crews on [[Royal Navy]] warships. The earliest known Indians to set foot in Aotearoa New Zealand were Muslim lascars who arrived in December 1769 on the ship ''Saint Jean Baptiste'' captained by Frenchman Jean François Marie de Surville sailing from Pondicherry, India.<ref name="Sadeque">{{Cite news |last=Sadeque |first=Syeda Samira |title=Dhaka has a question: what about the illegal Indian immigrants in Bangladesh? |language=en-US |work=Scroll.in |url=https://scroll.in/article/664305/dhaka-has-a-question-what-about-the-illegal-indian-immigrants-in-bangladesh |url-status=live |access-date=20 April 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210410234609/http://scroll.in/article/664305/dhaka-has-a-question-what-about-the-illegal-indian-immigrants-in-bangladesh |archive-date=10 April 2021}}</ref> Their arrival marks the beginning of Indian presence in New Zealand, in which hundreds of unnamed South Asian lascars visited New Zealand on European ships in order to procure timber and seal skins.<ref name="Sadeque" /> The period of Indian settlement begins with the earliest known Indian resident of New Zealand, a lascar of Bengali descent from the visiting ship ''City of Edinburgh'' who jumped ship in 1809 in the [[Bay of Islands, New Zealand|Bay of Islands]] to live with a [[Māori people|Māori]] wife.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Nachowitz |first=Todd |url=https://india.oup.com/product/indians-and-the-antipodes-9780199483624? |title=Identity and Invisibility: Early Indian Presence in Aotearoa New Zealand, 1769–1850 |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2018 |isbn=978-0-19-948362-4 |___location=New Delhi |pages=26–61 |access-date=24 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200125000602/https://india.oup.com/product/indians-and-the-antipodes-9780199483624 |archive-date=25 January 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref> Numbers slowly increased through the 19th and 20th centuries, despite a law change in 1899 that was designed to keep out people who were not of "British birth and parentage".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Nachowitz |first=Todd |date=2015 |title=Towards a framework of deep diversity: Identity and invisibility in the Indian diaspora in New Zealand |___location=Hamilton, New Zealand |hdl=10289/9442}}</ref> As in many other countries, Indians in New Zealand, also called "Indo-Kiwis", dispersed throughout the country and had a high rate of small business ownership, particularly fruit and vegetable shops and convenience stores. At this stage most Indian New Zealanders originated from Gujarat and the Punjab. Changes in immigration policy in the 1980s allowed many more Indians, Pakistanis and Bangladeshis into the country. Today, South Asians from all over the subcontinent live and work in New Zealand, with small numbers involved in both local and national politics.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Nachowitz |first=Todd |title=The Palgrave Handbook of Ethnicity |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |year=2019 |isbn=978-981-13-0242-8 |editor-last=Ratuva |editor-first=Steven |___location=Singapore |pages=1–47 |chapter=Indian Diaspora in New Zealand |doi=10.1007/978-981-13-0242-8_90-1 |s2cid=182490339}}</ref> Notable Indian New Zealanders include former [[Dunedin]] mayor [[Sukhi Turner]], cricketers [[Dipak Patel (cricketer, born 1958)|Dipak Patel]] and [[Jeetan Patel]], singer [[Aaradhna]], Minister [[Priyanca Radhakrishnan]] and former [[Governor General of New Zealand|Governor General]] [[Anand Satyanand]].

==Diaspora by state and ethnolinguistic regions of India==

{{div col|colwidth=12em}}

* [[Bihari diaspora]]

* [[Gujarati diaspora]]

* [[Kashmiri diaspora]]

* [[Maharashtra Mandal|Marathi diaspora]]

* [[Mizo diaspora]]

* [[Odia diaspora]]

* [[Punjabi diaspora]]

* [[Sindhi diaspora]]

* [[South Indian diaspora]]

** [[Malayali diaspora]]

** [[Tamil diaspora]]

*** [[Puducherry diaspora]]

*** [[Tamil Nadu diaspora]]

** [[Telugu diaspora]]

{{div col end}}

==Diaspora by region==

===European colonial era diaspora===

{{anchor| European colonia era | European}}

{{div col|colwidth=12em}}

* [[Girmitiyas]], [[Coolie#Indian coolies|Coolies]] and [[Lascars]]

** [[Indo-Caribbean people]]

***[[Indians in Barbados|Indo-Barbadian]]

***[[Indo-Belizeans]]

***[[Indians in French Guiana]]

*** [[Indo-Grenadians]]

*** [[Indo-Guadeloupeans]]

*** [[Indo-Guyanese]]

*** [[Indo-Jamaicans]]

*** [[Indo-Martiniquais]]

*** [[Indians in Saint Kitts and Nevis]]

*** [[Indo-Saint Lucian]]

*** [[Indo-Surinamese]]

***[[Indo–Trinidadians and Tobagonians]]

*** [[Indians in the United States Virgin Islands]]

*** [[Indo-Vincentian]]

** [[Indo-Fijians]]

**[[Indian diaspora in Southeast Africa]]

*** [[Indians in Botswana]]

*** [[Indians in Kenya]]

*** [[Indians in Madagascar]]

*** [[Mauritians of Indian origin]]

*** [[Indians in Mozambique]]

*** [[Réunionnais of Indian origin]]

*** [[Indo-Seychellois]]

*** [[Indian South Africans]]

*** [[Indians in Tanzania]]

*** [[Indians in Uganda]]

*** [[Indians in Zambia]]

*** [[Indians in Zimbabwe]]

** [[Malaysian Indians]]

*** [[Kapitan Keling]]

**[[Indian Singaporeans]]

{{div col end}}

===Mixed Indians===

* Afro-Indians

** [[Chagossians]]

** [[Dougla people]]

* Asian Indians

** [[Chindians]]

** [[South Asian diaspora]]

* European Indians

** [[Anglo-Indians]]

** [[Eurasian Singaporeans]]

** [[Irish Indians]]

** [[Luso-Indians]]

** [[Macanese people]]

** [[Scottish Indians]]

* Hispanic-Indians

** [[Punjabi Mexican Americans]]

* Polynesian Indians

** [[Māori Indians]]

==Diaspora by religion==

{{anchor|Religious diaspora}}

===Indian-origin religions===

{{anchor | Indic religions | Indic religion | Indian | Indian-origin religions}}

The diaspora of [[Indian religions|indic religions]] are:

{{div col|colwidth=12em}}

* Hindu diaspora

** [[Bengali Hindu diaspora]]

* [[Jain communities#Diaspora|Jain diaspora]]

* [[Sikh diaspora]]

{{div col end}}

===Foreign-origin religions===

* Jewish diaspora

** [[Bene Israel|Bene Israel diaspora]]

*** [[Bombay Jews|Bonbay Jewish diaspora]]

*** [[Cochin Jews|Cochin Jewish diaspora]]

** [[Bnei Menashe|Bnei Menashe diaspora]]

== Impact ==

{{anchor | Contribution | Influence | Power}}

[[File:Indian Overseas Card.svg|thumb|Overseas Citizen of India ('''OCI''') Card]]

===Influence in India===

==== Overseas Indians' Day ====

{{anchor | Overseas Indians' Day | Overseas Indians' Day | OID}}

Since 2003, the ''[[Pravasi Bharatiya Divas]]'' (Overseas Indians' Day) sponsored by [[Ministry of Overseas Indian Affairs]], is celebrated in India on 9 January each year, to "mark the contributions of the Overseas Indian community in the development of India". The day commemorates the arrival of [[Mahatma Gandhi]] in India from South Africa, and during a three-day convention held around the day, a forum for issues concerning the Indian diaspora is held and the annual ''Pravasi Bharatiya Samman'' Awards are bestowed.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Pravasi Bharatiya Divas |url=http://www.moia.gov.in/services.aspx?id1=25&id=m1&idp=25&mainid=23 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101126095742/http://moia.gov.in/services.aspx?id1=25&id=m1&idp=25&mainid=23 |archive-date=26 November 2010 |publisher=[[Ministry of Overseas Indian Affairs]]}}</ref> As of December 2005,<ref>[http://www.indiacgny.org/php/showContent.php?linkid=174 "Overseas Citizenship of India (OCI) Information"]. Consulate General of India, New York (1 July 2013). {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090201123309/http://indiacgny.org/php/showContent.php?linkid=174 |date=1 February 2009}}. Retrieved 29 July 2013.</ref> the Indian government has introduced the "[[Overseas Citizenship of India|Overseas Citizenship of India (OCI)]]" scheme to allow a limited form of [[dual citizenship]] to Indians, NRIs, and PIOs for the first time since independence in 1947. The PIO Card scheme is expected to be phased out in coming years in favour of the OCI programme.

==== Impact on India's hard and soft power ====

{{anchor | Impact on India | Contribution to India}}

{{see also | Indianisation#Indian soft power}}

The Indian diaspora was estimated in 2012 to have assets worth $1 trillion,<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Srinivas |first=Junuguru |date=2019-06-26 |title=Modi's Cultural Diplomacy and Role of Indian Diaspora |url=https://cejiss.org/modis-cultural-diplomacy-and-role-of-indian-diaspora |journal=Central European Journal of International and Security Studies |language=en |volume=13 |issue=2 |pages=74–90 |doi=10.51870/CEJISS.A130201 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Musings |title=Is there already a $5 trillion 'Indian' economy? |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/blogs/voices/is-there-already-a-5-trillion-indian-economy/?source=app&frmapp=yes |access-date=2024-05-14 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> equalling nearly 50 percent of India's GDP at the time. The income of the Indian diaspora is estimated at $400 billion a year.<ref>[https://aiaiindia.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Employment-and-NRI-Times.pdf Gaining from Greater Engagement with Indian Diaspora] All India Association of Industries</ref>

The Indian diaspora has a significant impact on the [[globalisation]] of [[economy of India]], especially in the following areas:

* [[Remittance#Top recipient countries|Current top recipient of remittance]], India has been ranked first for several years.

**[[Remittances to India]]

** [[Foreign-exchange reserves of India]]

* [[Foreign trade of India]]

** [[List of exports of India|Exports of India]]

*** [[Business process outsourcing to India]]

*** [[H-1B visa]], over 80% of all these visas are granted to Indian IT professionals

** [[List of chief executive officers|Indian origin CEOs of top global multinational companies]]

** [[List of largest trading partners of India|Largest trading partners of India]]

=== Impact on other nations ===

{{anchor | Impact on others | socioeconomic clout}}

{{see also | Indianisation#Indian economic impact on the world}}

==== Expansion of Indian soft power ====

Generations of diaspora have enhanced India's soft power through proliferation of elements of Indian culture. With expansion of [[Indosphere]] cultural influence of [[Greater India]],<ref>{{Cite book |last=Kenneth R. Hal |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ncqGAAAAIAAJ |title=Maritime Trade and State Development in Early Southeast Asia |publisher=University of Hawaii Press |year=1985 |isbn=978-0-8248-0843-3 |page=63 |access-date=4 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200522170642/https://books.google.com/books?id=ncqGAAAAIAAJ |archive-date=22 May 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref> through transmission of [[Hinduism in Southeast Asia]]<ref>{{Cite book |last=Guy, John |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vO_-AgAAQBAJ&pg=PA11 |title=Lost Kingdoms: Hindu-Buddhist Sculpture of Early Southeast Asia, Metropolitan museum, New York: exhibition catalogues |publisher=Metropolitan Museum of Art |year=2014 |isbn=9781588395245 |access-date=4 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200522170649/https://books.google.com/books?id=vO_-AgAAQBAJ&pg=PA11 |archive-date=22 May 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite encyclopedia |title=The spread of Hinduism in Southeast Asia and the Pacific |encyclopedia=Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Hinduism/The-spread-of-Hinduism-in-Southeast-Asia-and-the-Pacific |access-date=4 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200116205245/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Hinduism/The-spread-of-Hinduism-in-Southeast-Asia-and-the-Pacific |archive-date=16 January 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Kapur |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9ic4BjWFmNIC&pg=PA465 |title=History Of Ancient India (portraits Of A Nation), 1/e |last2=Kamlesh |publisher=Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd |year=2010 |isbn=978-81-207-4910-8 |page=465 |access-date=4 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160429045511/https://books.google.com/books?id=9ic4BjWFmNIC&pg=PA465 |archive-date=29 April 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref> and the [[Silk Road transmission of Buddhism]]<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Fussman |first1=Gérard |title=History of India and Greater India: Himalayan and Central Asian Civilizations. First European Colloquium of the European Society for the Study of Himalayan and Central Asian Civilizations, 27-28 April 2009 |journal=La lettre du Collège de France |date=June 2009 |issue=4 |pages=24–25 |doi=10.4000/lettre-cdf.756 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Coedès |first=George |title=The Indianized States of Southeast Asia |publisher=University of Hawaii Press |others=trans.Susan Brown Cowing |year=1968 |isbn=978-0-8248-0368-1 |editor-last=Walter F. Vella |author-link=George Coedès}}</ref> leading to [[Indianization of Southeast Asia]] through formation of non-Indian southeast Asian native [[Indianized kingdom]]s<ref>{{Citation |last=Manguin |first=Pierre-Yves |title=25 tahun kerjasama Pusat Penelitian Arkeologi dan Ecole française d'Extrême-Orient |pages=59–82 |year=2002 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220220231721/https://books.google.com/books?id=NJBwAAAAMAAJ |chapter=From Funan to Sriwijaya: Cultural continuities and discontinuities in the Early Historical maritime states of Southeast Asia |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NJBwAAAAMAAJ |place=Jakarta |publisher=Pusat Penelitian Arkeologi / EFEO |access-date=25 September 2020 |archive-date=20 February 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref> which adopted [[Sanskritization|sanskritized language]]<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Lavy |first1=Paul A. |title=As in Heaven, So on Earth: The Politics of Visnu, Śiva and Harihara Images in Preangkorian Khmer Civilisation |journal=Journal of Southeast Asian Studies |date=February 2003 |volume=34 |issue=1 |pages=21–39 |doi=10.1017/S002246340300002X |s2cid=154819912}}</ref> and other Indian elements<ref>{{Cite book |last=Kulke |first=Hermann |title=A history of India |date=2004 |publisher=Routledge |others=Rothermund, Dietmar 1933- |isbn=0203391268 |edition=4th |___location=New York |oclc=57054139}}</ref> such as the [[Indian honorifics|honorific titles]], [[Indian name#Global Indian influence in names|naming of people]], [[Place names in India#Global Indian influence in place name|naming of places]], mottos of organisations and educational institutes as well as adoption of [[Hindu temple architecture#Southeast Asia as part of Greater India|Indian architecture]], [[Indian martial arts#Influence|martial arts]], [[Music of India#Globalization of Indian music|Indian music and dance]], [[Clothing in India|traditional Indian clothing]], [[Traditional games of India|traditional Indian games]],<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Rehal |first1=Satwinder |title=The Sportification and Internationalization of Kabaddi: A Sociological Understanding |journal=The International Journal of Sport and Society |date=2022 |volume=13 |issue=2 |pages=49–64 |id={{ProQuest|2759880056}} |doi=10.18848/2152-7857/CGP/v13i02/49-64 |s2cid=254318286}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Jaffrelot |first1=Christophe |last2=Therwath |first2=Ingrid |title=The Sangh Parivar and the Hindu Diaspora in the West: What Kind of 'Long-Distance Nationalism'? |journal=International Political Sociology |date=September 2007 |volume=1 |issue=3 |pages=278–295 |doi=10.1111/j.1749-5687.2007.00018.x}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Hiralal |first=Kalpana |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bOorDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA2004 |title=Global Hindu Diaspora: Historical and Contemporary Perspectives |date=2017-08-22 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-351-39018-7 |language=en}}</ref> and [[Indian cuisine#Outside India|Indian cuisine]], a process which has also been aided by the ongoing historic expansion of Indian diaspora.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Kulke |first=Hermann |title=A history of India |date=2004 |publisher=Routledge |others=Rothermund, Dietmar, 1933– |isbn=0203391268 |edition=4th |___location=New York |oclc=57054139}}</ref>

====Expansion of Indian hard power====

=====Diaspora organisation and political lobby groups=====

{{see also | Indianisation#Indian soft power}}

* [[Global Organization for People of Indian Origin]]

* [[List of foreign politicians of Indian origin|Indian origin politicians in other nations]]

* [[Overseas Citizenship of India|Overseas Citizens of India]]

=====Relations with other diasporas=====

Political lobbying groups of Indian diaspora influence the foreign policies of other nations in India's favour. Indian diaspora's lobby groups especially collaborate well with the influential [[Jewish diaspora]] in the [[Western world]] for creating favourable outcome for India and Israel. Indian diaspora has good relations with most other diasporas, including its offshoot [[Bangladeshi diaspora|Bangladeshi]] and [[Pakistani diaspora]]s, as well all other [[South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation|SAARC]] neighbors such as [[Afghan diaspora|Afghan]], [[Bhutanese Americans|Bhutanese]], [[Burmese diaspora|Burmese]], [[Nepali diaspora|Nepali]]. [[Sri Lankan diaspora|Sri Lankan]], and [[Tibetan diaspora]]s.{{citation needed|date=December 2019}}

==== Cultural, economic and political impact on other nations ====

The diaspora has led to politicians of Indian ancestry becoming leaders of the countries of their residence. This list includes full-ethnic Indian heads of states and governments such as [[Basdeo Panday]], [[Kamla Persad-Bissessar]], [[Christine Kangaloo]], and [[Noor Hassanali]] of Trinidad and Tobago, [[Cheddi Jagan]], [[Donald Ramotar]], [[Bharrat Jagdeo]], [[Moses Nagamootoo]], and [[Irfaan Ali]] of Guyana, [[Chan Santokhi]], [[Ramsewak Shankar]], [[Pretaap Radhakishun]] and [[Fred Ramdat Misier]] of Suriname, [[Ram Baran Yadav]] of Nepal, [[Hussain Mohammad Ershad]] of Bangladesh [[Mahendra Chaudhry]] of Fiji, [[Pravind Jugnauth]], [[Prithvirajsing Roopun]], [[Anerood Jugnauth]], [[Kailash Purryag]], [[Ameenah Gurib-Fakim]], [[Navin Ramgoolam]], [[Veerasamy Ringadoo]], and [[Seewoosagur Ramgoolam]] of Mauritius, [[Devan Nair]] and [[S. R. Nathan]] of Singapore, and [[Rishi Sunak]] of U.K. and those of mixed heritage, such as [[Mahathir Mohamad]] of Malaysia, [[António Costa]] and [[Alfredo Nobre da Costa]] of Portugal, [[Leo Varadkar]] of Ireland, [[Halimah Yacob]] of Singapore, and [[Wavel Ramkalawan]] of Seychelles. Additionally [[Kamala Harris]] who is of mixed Jamaican and Indian heritage, was previously the [[Vice President of the United States]] and [[Anand Satyanand]] who is of Indo-Fijian descent served as the [[Governor-General of New Zealand]].

In Australia, [[Indian Australians]] and India were the largest source of new permanent [[Immigration to Australia|migrants to Australia]] in 2017–2018,<ref>{{Cite web |title=2017–18 Migration Program Report |url=https://www.homeaffairs.gov.au/research-and-stats/files/report-migration-program-2017-18.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191212004128/https://www.homeaffairs.gov.au/research-and-stats/files/report-migration-program-2017-18.pdf |archive-date=2019-12-12 |access-date=2019-12-20}}</ref> and Indians were the most educated migrant group in Australia with 54.6% of Indian migrants in Australia holding a bachelor's or higher educational degree, which is more than three times Australia's national average of 17.2% in 2011.<ref>{{Cite web |date=19 August 2016 |title=Indians found to be Australia's most highly educated migrants |website=Interstaff Migration |url=https://www.interstaff.com/indians-found-australias-highly-educated-migrants |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180818052320/https://www.interstaff.com/indians-found-australias-highly-educated-migrants/ |archive-date=18 August 2018 |access-date=20 December 2019}}</ref>

In Britain, [[British Indians]] are the largest [[Ethnic groups in the United Kingdom|ethnic minority population in the country]],<ref name="Chanda" /> with the highest average hourly pay rate and the lowest poverty rate among all ethnic groups,<ref>{{Cite news |last=Gilligan |first=Andrew |date=14 January 2010 |title=It's class, not race, that determines Britain's have-nots |work=The Daily Telegraph |___location=London |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/politics/6990253/John-Denhams-right-Its-class-not-race-that-determines-Britains-have-nots.html |url-status=dead |access-date=10 February 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101126182417/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/politics/6990253/John-Denhams-right-Its-class-not-race-that-determines-Britains-have-nots.html |archive-date=26 November 2010}}</ref><ref>UK Government. [https://www.ethnicity-facts-figures.service.gov.uk/work-pay-and-benefits/pay-and-income/average-hourly-pay/latest "Ethnicity Facts and Figures: Work, Pay and Benefits: Average Hourly Pay"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180421030429/https://www.ethnicity-facts-figures.service.gov.uk/work-pay-and-benefits/pay-and-income/average-hourly-pay/latest |date=21 April 2018 |access-date=20 April 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Platt |first=Lucinda |date=May 2011 |title=Inequality within ethnic groups |url=http://www.jrf.org.uk/sites/files/jrf/inequality-ethnicity-poverty-full.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121021063107/http://www.jrf.org.uk/sites/files/jrf/inequality-ethnicity-poverty-full.pdf |archive-date=21 October 2012 |access-date=27 May 2012 |website=JRF programme paper: Poverty and ethnicity |publisher=Joseph Rowntree Foundation}}</ref> and are more likely to be employed in professional and managerial occupations than other ethnic groups.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Beardwell |first1=Julie |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3W5fEzRWGM4C&pg=PA138 |title=Human Resource Management: A Contemporary Approach |last2=Claydon |first2=Tim |date=15 June 2017 |publisher=Prentice Hall/Financial Times |isbn=9780273707639 |access-date=20 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191224042018/https://books.google.com/books?id=3W5fEzRWGM4C&pg=PA138 |archive-date=24 December 2019 |url-status=live |via=Google Books}}</ref><ref>UK Government, [https://www.ethnicity-facts-figures.service.gov.uk/work-pay-and-benefits/employment/employment-by-occupation/latest "Ethnicity Facts and Figures: Work, Pay and Benefits: Employment by Occupation"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180420203019/https://www.ethnicity-facts-figures.service.gov.uk/work-pay-and-benefits/employment/employment-by-occupation/latest |date=20 April 2018 |access-date=20 April 2018}}</ref> [[Rishi Sunak]] served as the first British Indian (non-white) [[Prime Ministers of the United Kingdom|Prime Minister of the United Kingdom]] from October 2022–July 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rishi Sunak {{!}} EBSCO Research Starters |url=https://www.ebsco.com/research-starters/biography/rishi-sunak |access-date=2025-08-22 |website=www.ebsco.com |language=en}}</ref>

In Canada, [[Indo-Canadians]] are the second largest non-European ethnic group and one of the fastest growing ethnic communities in the country.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Statistics Canada |author-link=Statistics Canada |title=The East Indian Community in Canada |url=http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/89-621-x/89-621-x2007004-eng.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150104162204/http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/89-621-x/89-621-x2007004-eng.htm |archive-date=4 January 2015 |access-date=21 November 2015}}</ref>

In New Zealand, [[Indian New Zealanders]] are the fastest growing ethnic group, and are the second largest group of Asians in New Zealand with a population of 174,000 Indians in 2014.<ref name="enz.org" /> Fiji Hindi is the fourth largest language in New Zealand.<ref name="enz.org">{{Cite web |title=New Zealand Migrants – How Many and From Where? |url=http://www.enz.org/migrants.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191220010208/http://www.enz.org/migrants.html |archive-date=20 December 2019 |access-date=20 December 2019 |website=www.enz.org|date=4 June 2013}}</ref>

In the United States, [[Indian Americans]] are the third largest Asian American ethnic group behind [[Chinese American]]s and [[Filipino American]]s,<ref>{{Cite web |last=United States Census Bureau |title=US demographic census |url=http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/IPTable?_bm=y&-geo_id=01000US&-qr_name=ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201&-qr_name=ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201PR&-qr_name=ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201T&-qr_name=ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201TPR&-reg=ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201:035;ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201PR:035;ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201T:035;ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201TPR:035&-ds_name=ACS_2005_EST_G00_&-_lang=en&-format= |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20200212034232/http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/IPTable?_bm=y&-geo_id=01000US&-qr_name=ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201&-qr_name=ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201PR&-qr_name=ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201T&-qr_name=ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201TPR&-reg=ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201:035;ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201PR:035;ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201T:035;ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201TPR:035&-ds_name=ACS_2005_EST_G00_&-_lang=en&-format= |archive-date=12 February 2020 |access-date=16 December 2006}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=United States Census Bureau |title=US demographic census |url=http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/IPTable?_bm=y&-geo_id=01000US&-qr_name=ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201&-qr_name=ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201PR&-qr_name=ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201T&-qr_name=ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201TPR&-reg=ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201:038;ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201PR:038;ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201T:038;ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201TPR:038&-ds_name=ACS_2005_EST_G00_&-_lang=en&-format= |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20200212034029/http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/IPTable?_bm=y&-geo_id=01000US&-qr_name=ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201&-qr_name=ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201PR&-qr_name=ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201T&-qr_name=ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201TPR&-reg=ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201:038;ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201PR:038;ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201T:038;ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201TPR:038&-ds_name=ACS_2005_EST_G00_&-_lang=en&-format= |archive-date=12 February 2020 |access-date=19 November 2006}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=United States Census Bureau |title=US demographic census |url=http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/IPTable?_bm=y&-geo_id=01000US&-qr_name=ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201&-qr_name=ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201PR&-qr_name=ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201T&-qr_name=ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201TPR&-reg=ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201:032;ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201PR:032;ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201T:032;ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201TPR:032&-ds_name=ACS_2005_EST_G00_&-_lang=en&-format= |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20200212040120/http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/IPTable?_bm=y&-geo_id=01000US&-qr_name=ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201&-qr_name=ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201PR&-qr_name=ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201T&-qr_name=ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201TPR&-reg=ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201:032;ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201PR:032;ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201T:032;ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201TPR:032&-ds_name=ACS_2005_EST_G00_&-_lang=en&-format= |archive-date=12 February 2020 |access-date=19 November 2006}}</ref> by far the richest and most educated ethnic group in the USA compared to all other ethnic groups, earning $101,591 median income per year compared to $51,000 and $56,000 for overall immigrant and native-born households in 2015,<ref>{{Cite web |title=U.S. Census website |url=https://www.census.gov |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19961227012639/http://www.census.gov/ |archive-date=27 December 1996 |access-date=29 March 2020 |website=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref> with the lowest poverty rate compared to other foreign-born and U.S. born ethnic groups.<ref>{{Cite news |date=29 August 2017 |title=Indian Immigrants in the United States |work=migrationpolicy.org |url=https://www.migrationpolicy.org/article/indian-immigrants-united-states |url-status=live |access-date=18 December 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171218170447/https://www.migrationpolicy.org/article/indian-immigrants-united-states |archive-date=18 December 2017}}</ref> Overall, Indians are also more educated than other ethnic groups with an average of 32% and 40% of Indians holding a bachelor's degree and postgraduate degree respectively, compared to the 30% and 21% average of all Asians in the United States, and the 19% and 11% average of Americans overall.<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 September 2017 |title=Indians in the U.S. Fact Sheet |url=http://www.pewsocialtrends.org/fact-sheet/asian-americans-indians-in-the-u-s/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180118050217/http://www.pewsocialtrends.org/fact-sheet/asian-americans-indians-in-the-u-s/ |archive-date=18 January 2018 |access-date=9 January 2018 |website=POewsocialtrends.org}}</ref> 15.5% of all Silicon Valley startups by 2006 were founded by Indian immigrants,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Saxenian |first=AnnaLee |year=1999 |title=Silicon Valley's New Immigrant Entrepreneurs |url=http://wee.ppic.org/content/pubs/report/R_699ASR.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160131123024/http://wee.ppic.org/content/pubs/report/R_699ASR.pdf |archive-date=31 January 2016 |access-date=20 December 2019 |publisher=Public Policy Institute of California}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=13 January 2012 |title=The Face of Success, Part I: How the Indians Conquered Silicon Valley |work=Inc.com |url=https://www.inc.com/vivek-wadhwa/how-the-indians-succeeded-in-silicon-valley.html |url-status=live |access-date=19 December 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171116005402/https://www.inc.com/vivek-wadhwa/how-the-indians-succeeded-in-silicon-valley.html |archive-date=16 November 2017}}</ref> and Indian migrants have founded more engineering and technology companies from 1995 to 2005 than immigrants from the UK, China, Taiwan and Japan combined.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Assisi |first=Francis C. |date=4 January 2007 |title=News & Analysis: Skilled Indian Immigrants Create Wealth for America |url=http://www.indolink.com/displayArticleS.php?id=010307105012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110608213548/http://www.indolink.com/displayArticleS.php?id=010307105012 |archive-date=8 June 2011 |access-date=17 July 2010 |publisher=INDOlink}}</ref> Over 80% of all [[H-1B visas]] are granted to Indian IT professionals and 23% of all Indian business school graduates in USA take up a job in United States.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Best Jobs in USA for Indians: Highest Paid Jobs & Process |url=https://globaltree.in/articles/top-jobs-in-usa-for-indians-this-year/ |access-date=2024-11-27 |website=globaltree.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Report: 25% of Indian B-School Graduates get a job in Americas |url=http://news.biharprabha.com/2014/03/report-25-of-indian-b-school-graduates-get-a-job-in-americas/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140320204453/http://news.biharprabha.com/2014/03/report-25-of-indian-b-school-graduates-get-a-job-in-americas/ |archive-date=20 March 2014 |access-date=19 March 2014 |work=Biharprabha News}}</ref>

==See also==

{{clear}}

{{col div|colwidth=40em}}

* [[Overseas Citizenship of India]]

* [[List of foreign politicians of Indian origin|Politicians of Indian descent]]

* [[List of heads of state and government of Indian origin|Heads of state and government of Indian origin]]

* [[Overseas Indian representation in Indian sports]]

* [[Immigration to India]]

* [[Indian nationality law]]

* [[Indianisation]]

* [[Greater India]]

* [[Indosphere]]

* [[Anti-Indian sentiment]]

* [[Proto-Indo-Europeans]]

* [[Indo-Aryan peoples]]

* [[Dravidian peoples]]

* [[South Asian diaspora]]

* [[Romani people]]

* [[Romani diaspora]]

{{colend}}

== Notes ==

{{notelist}}

==References==

{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}

<references/>

{{reflist|group=lower-alpha}}

*[http://www.nrirealtynews.com/country-wise-list-of-nri-organizations.php List of NRI Organizations/ Commmunities in Different Countries]

==External links==

{{Commons category|Indian diaspora}}

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* {{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20160304023331/http://moia.gov.in/index.aspx Ministry of External Affairs, Government of India]}}

* [http://boi.gov.in/ Bureau of immigration India]

* [http://india.gov.in/people-groups/community/non-resident-indians Non-Resident Indians {{!}} National Portal of India]

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