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| seat_type = Capital<br />{{nobold|and largest city}}
| seat = [[Surabaya]]
| motto = {{lang|kaw|Jer Basuki Mawa Beya}} ([[Old Javanese language|Old Javanese]])
| government_footnotes =
| governing_body = East Java Provincial Government
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| demographics_type1 = Demographics
| demographics1_footnotes = <!-- for references: use <ref>tags -->
| demographics1_title1 = [[Ethnic groups in Indonesia|Ethnic groups]] {{nobold|(2010)}}<ref name="SUKU">{{cite web |url=http://demografi.bps.go.id/phpfiletree/bahan/kumpulan_tugas_mobilitas_pak_chotib/Kelompok_1/Referensi/BPS_kewarganegaraan_sukubangsa_agama_bahasa_2010.pdf |title=Kewarganegaraan Suku Bangsa, Agama, Bahasa 2010 |website=demografi.bps.go.id|publisher=[[Badan Pusat Statistik]]|year=2010
| timezone1 = [[Time in Indonesia|Indonesia Western Time]]
| utc_offset1 = +7
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0.25% [[Hinduism in Java|Hinduism]]<br>0.17% [[Buddhism in Indonesia|Buddhism]]<br>0.02% [[Religion in Indonesia|other]] (including [[Confucianism in Indonesia|Confucianism]], [[Kejawèn]], [[Kapitayan]], etc.)
| demographics1_title3 = [[Languages of Indonesia|Languages and dialects]]
| demographics1_info3 =[[Indonesian language|Indonesian]] (official)<br>[[Javanese language|Javanese]] (native)<br>[[Madurese language|Madurese
| blank_name = [[Gross domestic product|GDP]] (nominal)
| blank_info = 2022<ref name="bpsdata2022">{{Cite web |author=Badan Pusat Statistik |author-link=Statistics Indonesia |year=2023 |title=Produk Domestik Regional Bruto (Milyar Rupiah), 2020–2022 |url=https://www.bps.go.id/indicator/52/286/1/-seri-2010-produk-domestik-regional-bruto-.html |publisher=Badan Pusat Statistik |___location=Jakarta |language=id}}</ref>
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This military action ended after the [[Renville Agreement]]. However, this agreement reduced the territory controlled by the East Java provincial government. The Netherlands then turned the areas under its control into new federal states, the [[State of Madura]] and the [[State of East Java]]. Amid the difficulties faced by the government of Indonesia, a left-wing opposition group, ''Front Demokrasi Rakyat'' (FDR, People's Democratic Front) launched [[Madiun Affair|rebellion in Madiun]] on 18 September 1948. However, eventually this revolt was defeated by the [[Indonesian Army]]. On 19 December 1948, the Dutch launched [[Operation Kraai]]. Blitar, the seat of the East Java provincial government was attacked by the Dutch. Governor Moerdjani and his staff were forced to flee and joined the guerrillas on the slopes of [[Mount Wilis]]. Operation Kraai ended after the [[Roem–Van Roijen Agreement]] on 7 May 1949.
Following the [[Dutch–Indonesian Round Table Conference]], at which the Netherlands agreed to transfer sovereignty to the [[United States of Indonesia]], the Dutch withdrew its troops from East Java. East Java changed its status from a province into a state. However, on 25 February 1950, this was dissolved and became part of the territory of the [[Republic of Indonesia (
=== Contemporary era ===
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== Demographics ==
{{Historical populations|1971|25516999|1980|29188852|1990|32503991|1995|33844002|2000|34783640|2010|37476757|2015|38828061|2020|40665696|
Akin to [[Central Java]], the region's birth rates are not necessarily any lower than the rest of Java, however due to net population outflows, especially in times of calamity, not limited to volcanic eruptions or droughts, the region has varying rates of population growth that are generally lower than national average. Ethnic [[Javanese people|Javanese]] dominate the Java mainland as well as the total population of the province overall, while ethnic [[Madurese people|Madurese]] (include [[Bawean people|Bawean]]) inhabit Madura and the [[Kangean people|Kangean]] and Masalembu archipelagos, though centuries of migrations have led the Java mainland to have a larger proportion of Madurese people than Madura itself. Minorities include distinct Javanese ethnicities such as the [[Tenggerese people|Tengger]] people in the [[Mount Bromo]] region,
=== Ethnic and linguistic composition ===
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|color4 = Black
}}
Besides the national language ([[Indonesian language|Indonesian]]), the people of East Java predominantly use the [[Javanese language|Javanese]] in daily life. Javanese as spoken in the western part of East Java (''Kulonan'') is a similar dialect to the one spoken in [[Central Java]], with its hierarchy of high, medium, and low registers. In the eastern part, such as Surabaya, Malang, and others, a more egalitarian version of Javanese is spoken, with less regard of hierarchy and a richer vocabulary for vulgarity. The dialect is notable for its roughness compared to other dialects spoken elsewhere in Java (especially the
Other than Javanese, minority language includes [[Madurese language|Madurese]], spoken by around 4 million ethnic Madurese people inhabiting the [[Madura Island]]s, as well as the [[eastern salient of Java]] area; though they live practically next door with the Javanese, the language is actually more closer genetically to Balinese, and [[Sundanese language|Sundanese]].<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Madurese-language |title=Madurese language |encyclopedia=Encyclopedia Britannica |access-date=2018-09-26 |language=en |archive-date=26 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180926210011/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Madurese-language |url-status=live }}</ref>
===Religion===
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A remnant of Hindu tradition and syncretic ''[[abangan]]'' exists because of Islamic and Hinduism acculturation in Java.<gallery>
File:
File:Kayutangan Street with Kayutangan Cathedral in the background, 2020 (cropped).jpg|Kayutangan [[Catholic Church|Catholic]] Church, Downtown [[Malang]]
File:Facade of East Java Christian Church, Mojowarno, Jombang, 2017-09-18.jpg|Traditional [[East Java Christian Church]], Mojowarno, [[Jombang Regency|Jombang]]
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}}
[[File:Central_Surabaya_view_taken_from_JW_Marriott_Surabaya.jpg|thumb|[[Surabaya]] is one of the industrial, transportational, commercial, and financial center of Indonesia.]]
East Java is known as the hub and center economy of [[Regions of Indonesia|Central and Eastern Indonesia]],<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.antaranews.com/berita/707800/khofifah-perekonomian-indonesia-timur-bergantung-jawa-timur |title=Khofifah: Perekonomian Indonesia Timur bergantung Jawa Timur |last=antaranews.com |website=Antara News |date=7 May 2018 |language=id |access-date=2019-02-02 |archive-date=13 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200713035142/https://www.antaranews.com/berita/707800/khofifah-perekonomian-indonesia-timur-bergantung-jawa-timur |url-status=live }}</ref> and has a high economic significance, which contributes over 15% to the [[Gross domestic product|Gross Domestic Product]] of Indonesia.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://jatim.bps.go.id/dynamictable/2017/07/06/39/pdrb-provinsi-jawa-timur-atas-dasar-harga-berlaku-menurut-lapangan-usaha-sub-kategori-tahun-2010-2016-milyar-rupiah-.html |title=PDRB Provinsi Jawa Timur Atas Dasar Harga Berlaku Menurut Lapangan Usaha (Sub Kategori) Tahun 2010–2016 (Milyar Rupiah) |website=jatim.bps.go.id |language=id |access-date=2019-02-02 |archive-date=2 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190202212023/https://jatim.bps.go.id/dynamictable/2017/07/06/39/pdrb-provinsi-jawa-timur-atas-dasar-harga-berlaku-menurut-lapangan-usaha-sub-kategori-tahun-2010-2016-milyar-rupiah-.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>
=== Industry ===
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== Transportation ==
=== Roads ===
[[File:
East Java is crossed by several national roads as primary arterial roads, including the northern coastal national road or locally known as [[North Coast Road (Java)|''pantura'' road]] ([[Anyer]]-[[Jakarta]]-[[Semarang]]-[[Surabaya]]-[[Banyuwangi Regency|Banyuwangi]]),<ref name="nas">{{cite conference |author=Peter Nas |title=Java and De Groote Postweg, La Grande Route, the Great Mail Road, Jalan Raya Pos |book-title=In: Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde |volume=158 |issue=4 |pages=707–725 |year=2002 |url=http://www.leidenuniv.nl/fsw/nas/pdf/NasPratiwoPostweg30-10-2001.pdf |access-date=2007-10-25 |archive-date=27 March 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090327110211/http://www.leidenuniv.nl/fsw/nas/pdf/NasPratiwoPostweg30-10-2001.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> and inland national roads (Jakarta-[[Bandung]]-[[Yogyakarta]]-Surabaya). The expressway network in East Java covers the [[Surabaya–Gempol Toll Road|Surabaya-Gempol Toll Road]]; [[Gempol–Pandaan Toll Road|Gempol-Pandaan]]; [[Pandaan-Malang Toll Road|Pandaan-Malang]]; [[Gempol–Pasuruan Toll Road|Gempol-Pasuruan]]; and [[Pasuruan–Probolinggo Toll Road|Pasuruan-Probolinggo]] which connects the northern and middle East Java regions with the southern and [[Eastern salient of Java|eastern salient (''tapal kuda'')]], the [[Surabaya–Gresik Toll Road|Surabaya-Gresik Toll Road]] and [[Krian–Legundi–Bunder–Manyar Toll Road|Krian-Manyar Toll Road]] that connects the middle and southern East Java to the north, and the [[Surabaya–Mojokerto Toll Road|Surabaya-Mojokerto Toll Road]]; [[Kertosono–Mojokerto Toll Road|Mojokerto-Kertosono]]; and [[Solo-Kertosono Toll Road|Solo-Kertosono]] which connects [[Central Java]]. [[Suramadu Bridge]] that crosses the Madura Strait connects Surabaya and [[Madura Island]]. In the near future, the construction of the [[Probolinggo-Banyuwangi Toll Road]] will be realized, which is the final segment of the [[Trans-Java Toll Road|Trans Java Toll Road]], the Krian-Legundi-Bunder-Manyar Toll Road that connects the industrial estates in the city of Surabaya; [[Sidoarjo Regency]]; and [[Gresik Regency]], as well as plans for the Gresik-Tuban Toll Road that connects East Java with cities on the northern coast of Java.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://republika.co.id/berita/regional/nusantara/11/07/14/loaz7w-jatim-akan-bangun-dua-jalan-tol-baru |title=Jatim akan Bangun Dua Jalan Tol Baru |date=2011-07-14 |website=Republika Online |language=id|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190315173957/https://www.republika.co.id/berita/regional/nusantara/11/07/14/loaz7w-jatim-akan-bangun-dua-jalan-tol-baru|archive-date=2019-03-15|access-date=2019-03-15}}</ref>
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East Java is the province with the highest number of public universities in Indonesia.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bps.go.id/statictable/2015/09/14/1839/jumlah-perguruan-tinggi-mahasiswa-dan-tenaga-edukatif-negeri-dan-swasta-di-bawah-kementrian-pendidikan-dan-kebudayaan-menurut-provinsi-2013-2014-2014-2015.html |title=Jumlah Perguruan Tinggi, Mahasiswa, dan Tenaga Edukatif (Negeri dan Swasta) di Bawah Kementrian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Menurut Provinsi tahun ajaran 2013/2014-2014/2015 |last=Statistics Indonesia|author-link=Statistics Indonesia |website=www.bps.go.id|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190317172550/https://www.bps.go.id/statictable/2015/09/14/1839/jumlah-perguruan-tinggi-mahasiswa-dan-tenaga-edukatif-negeri-dan-swasta-di-bawah-kementrian-pendidikan-dan-kebudayaan-menurut-provinsi-2013-2014-2014-2015.html|archive-date=2019-03-17|access-date=2019-03-17}}</ref> Three major cities for universities are [[Surabaya]], [[Malang]], and [[Jember]]; there is also a university at [[Bangkalan]] on Madura island. Among them, notable university which are:
* [[Airlangga University]]
* [[Sepuluh Nopember Institute of Technology]]▼
* [[Brawijaya University]]
▲* [[Sepuluh Nopember Institute of Technology]]
* [[State University of Surabaya]]
* [[State University of Malang]]
* [[Trunojoyo University]]
* [[University of Jember]]
* [[National Development University "Veteran" of East Java]]
* [[Sunan Ampel State Islamic University Surabaya|UIN Sunan Ampel]]▼
* [[
* [[University of Surabaya]]
* [[Petra Christian University]]▼
* [[Wijaya Kusuma University, Surabaya|Wijaya Kusuma University]]
* [[Widya Mandala Catholic University]]
▲* [[Petra Christian University]]
Another important form of education that is available in most cities in East Java is the ''[[pesantren]].'' This is a kind of socio-education organized by [[Ulama|Islamic clerics]], and associated with local or national Muslim organizations. [[Jombang Regency|Jombang]] and [[Ponorogo Regency|Ponorogo]] is a famous region for its pesantren.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qfDFAAAAQBAJ&q=famous+pesantren&pg=PA66 |title=A Peaceful Jihad: Negotiating Identity and Modernity in Muslim Java |last=Lukens-Bull |first=R. |date=2005-05-12 |publisher=Springer |isbn=978-1-4039-8029-8 |language=en |access-date=25 October 2020 |archive-date=1 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230501012204/https://books.google.com/books?id=qfDFAAAAQBAJ&q=famous+pesantren&pg=PA66 |url-status=live }}</ref> and the Indonesian Naval Academy (''Akademi Angkatan Laut'') located in Surabaya.
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*[[Jawa Pos]] Group, one of the major newspaper groups in Indonesia, based in Surabaya
*''[[Surya]]'', newspaper based in Surabaya (owned by [[Kompas]] Group)
*[[:id:Suara Surabaya|Suara Surabaya]] (E100 FM),
*[[IDN Times]], multiplatform media for millennials and generation z people
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