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{{Short description|Marginal sea of the Pacific Ocean}}
{{Use Philippine English|date=July 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}
{{Refimprove|date=January 2023}}
{{Infobox body of water
| name = Celebes Sea
| other_name = Sulawesi Sea
| image = Celebes See.jpg
| alt =
| caption =
| pushpin_map = Southeast Asia
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location within [[Southeast Asia]]
| image_bathymetry =
| alt_bathymetry =
| caption_bathymetry =
| ___location = [[Southeast Asia]]
| coordinates = {{coord|3|N|122|E}}
| type =
| part_of = [[Pacific Ocean]]
| inflow =
| rivers =
| outflow =
| catchment =
| basin_countries = [[Indonesia]], [[Malaysia]], and [[Philippines]]
| length = {{cvt|605|km|0}}
| width = {{cvt|780|km|0}}
| area = {{cvt|472000|km2|-3}}
| depth = {{cvt|3290|m|-1}}
| max-depth = {{cvt|20406|ft|m|order=flip}}
| volume = {{cvt|15530000|km3|-3}}
| residence_time =
| salinity =
| shore =
| elevation =
| frozen =
| islands = {{unbulleted list |[[Borneo]] |[[Mindanao]] |[[Sangihe Islands]] |[[Sulawesi]] |[[Sulu Archipelago]]}}
| sections =
| trenches =
| benches =
| cities = <!-- add major cities -->{{ubl|[[Cotabato City]]|[[General Santos]]|[[Manado]]|[[Pagadian]]|[[Tahuna, North Sulawesi|Tahuna]]|[[Tarakan]]|[[Tawau]]|[[Sandakan]]|[[Nunukan]]|[[Zamboanga City]]}}
| website =
| reference = <ref name=Forbes/><ref name=Britannica/>
}}
The '''Celebes Sea''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|s|ɛ|l|ɪ|b|iː|z|,_|s|ə|ˈ|l|iː|b|i|z}} {{respell|SEL|ib|eez|,_|sə|LEE|beez}};<ref>{{cite Dictionary.com|Celebes}}</ref> {{langx|fil|Dagat Selebes}}) or '''Sulawesi Sea''' ({{langx|ms|Laut Sulawesi}}; {{langx|id|Laut Sulawesi}}; {{IPA|id|ˌlaʊt̪̚ sulaˈwesi|pron}}) of the western [[Pacific Ocean]] is bordered on the north by the [[Sulu Archipelago]] and [[Sulu Sea]] and [[Mindanao Island]] of the [[Philippines]], on the east by the [[Sangihe Islands]] chain, on the south by [[Sulawesi]]'s [[Minahassa Peninsula|Minahasa Peninsula]], and the west by northern [[Kalimantan]] in [[Indonesia]]. It extends {{cvt|605|km|0}} north-south by {{cvt|780|km|0}} east-west and has a total surface area of {{cvt|472,000|km2|-3}},<ref name=Forbes>{{cite book |author=Vivian Louis Forbes |title=Indonesia's Delimited Maritime Boundaries |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=md0kBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA5 |year=2014 |page=5 |publisher=[[Springer Science+Business Media|Springer]] |isbn=978-3642543951 |access-date=28 August 2025}}</ref> to a maximum depth of {{convert|20406|ft|m|order=flip}}.<ref name=Britannica>{{Cite web |title=Celebes Sea {{!}} sea, Pacific Ocean {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Celebes-Sea |access-date=2022-10-04 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref> South of the [[Cape Mangkalihat]], the sea opens southwest through the [[Makassar Strait]] into the [[Java Sea]].
The Celebes Sea is a piece of an ancient [[ocean basin]] that formed 42 million years ago in a locale removed from any landmass. By 20 million years ago, the earth's crust movement had moved the basin close enough to the [[Indonesia]]n and [[Philippines|Philippine]] [[volcano]]es to receive emitted debris.<ref>C.Michael Hogan. 2011. [http://www.eoearth.org/article/Celebes_Sea?topic=49523 ''Celebes Sea''. Encyclopedia of Earth. Eds. P.Saundry & C.J.Cleveland. National Council for Science and the Environment. Washington DC]</ref> By 10 million years ago the Celebes Sea was inundated with continental debris, including [[coal]], which was shed from a growing young mountain on Borneo and the basin had docked against Eurasia.
The border between the Celebes and the Sulu Sea is at the Sibutu-Basilan Ridge. Strong [[ocean current]]s, deep [[Oceanic trench|sea trench]]es, and [[seamount]]s, combined with active [[volcanic island]]s, result in complex [[oceanographic]] features.
==Delimitation of the Exclusive Economic Zone boundary==
On 23 May 2013, the Government of the Republic of the Philippines and the Government of the Republic of Indonesia signed an agreement to establish the boundary line that delimits the overlapping Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) between the two countries. It has been agreed that north of the boundary line will be under the jurisdiction of the Philippines (named '''''Mindanao Sea''''') and Indonesia be south of the boundary line (named ''Celebes Sea'').<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/2014/05/23/agreement-between-the-government-of-the-republic-of-the-philippines-and-the-government-of-the-republic-indonesia-concerning-the-delimitation-of-the-exclusive-economic-zone-boundary/ |title=Agreement between the Government of the Republic of the Philippines and the Government of the Republic Indonesia concerning the delimitation of the Exclusive Economic Zone boundary |work=Official Gazette |publisher=Republic of the Philippines |date=2014-05-23 |access-date=2014-06-17 |archive-date=13 June 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170613120512/http://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/2014/05/23/agreement-between-the-government-of-the-republic-of-the-philippines-and-the-government-of-the-republic-indonesia-concerning-the-delimitation-of-the-exclusive-economic-zone-boundary/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.gov.ph/2014/05/23/faqs-on-the-philippines-and-indonesia-agreement-on-the-delimitation-of-eez-boundary/ |title=Q&A on the Philippine and Indonesian agreement on the Exclusive Economic Zone Boundary|author=Department of Foreign Affairs|publisher=Republic of the Philippines|date=2014-05-23|access-date=2014-06-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140703091925/http://www.gov.ph/2014/05/23/faqs-on-the-philippines-and-indonesia-agreement-on-the-delimitation-of-eez-boundary/ |archive-date=2014-07-03 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/images/uploads/Screen-shot-2014-05-23-at-12.28.46-PM.png|title=Philippines-Indonesia Exclusive Economic Zone Boundary|format=png|work=Official Gazette|publisher=Republic of the Philippines|access-date=2014-06-17|archive-date=26 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326024740/https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/images/uploads/Screen-shot-2014-05-23-at-12.28.46-PM.png|url-status=dead}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Point !! Latitude !! Longitude
|-
| 1 || 3° 06’ 41 N || 119° 55’ 34 E
|-
| 2 || 3° 26’ 36 N || 121° 21′ 31 E
|-
| 3 || 3° 48′ 58 N || 122° 56′ 03 E
|-
| 4 || 4° 57′ 42 N || 124° 51′ 17 E
|-
| 5 || 5° 02′ 48 N || 125° 28’ 20 E
|-
| 6 || 6° 25′ 21 N || 127° 11′ 42 E
|-
| 7 || 6° 24′ 25 N || 128° 39′ 02″ E
|-
| 8 || 6° 24′ 20 N || 129° 31’ 31 E
|}
==Extent==
The [[International Hydrographic Organization]] (IHO) defines the Celebes Sea as being one of the waters of the [[East Indian Archipelago]]. The IHO defines its limits as follows:<ref>{{cite web|url=https://iho.int/uploads/user/pubs/standards/s-23/S-23_Ed3_1953_EN.pdf|title=Limits of Oceans and Seas, 3rd edition|year=1953|publisher=International Hydrographic Organization|accessdate=29 December 2020}}</ref>
<blockquote>
''On the North.'' The Southern limit of [[Sulu Sea]] [From Tagolo Point, down the West coast of [[Mindanao]] to the Southwest extremity thence to the North coast of [[Basilan (island)|Basilan Island]] ({{coord|6|45|N|122|04|E}}), through this island to its Southern extremity, thence a line to Bitinan Island ({{coord|6|04|N|121|27|E}}) off the Eastern end of [[Jolo|Jolo Island]], through Jolo to a point in long. 121°04'E on its South coast, thence through [[Tapul, Sulu|Tapul]] and [[Lugus, Sulu|Lugus]] Islands and along the North coast of [[Tawi-Tawi|Tawitawi Island]] to [[Bongao, Tawi-Tawi|Bongao Island]] off its Western end ({{coord|5|01|N|119|45|E}}), and from thence to Tanjong Labian, the Northeastern extreme of Borneo] and the Southwest coast of Mindanao.
''On the East.'' A line from Tinaca Point, the Southern point of Mindanao, to the North point of [[Sangir Island|Pulau Sangihe Besar]] ({{coord|3|45|N|125|26|E}}) thence through the [[Sangir Islands|pulau-pulau Sangihe]] to Tanjung Puisan, the Northeast extreme of Celebes <nowiki>[</nowiki>[[Sulawesi]]<nowiki>]</nowiki>.
''On the South.'' The North coast of Celebes between tanjung Puisan and tanjung Binar (Cape Rivers) ({{coord|1|20|N|120|52|E}}) and thence a line to [[Mangkalihat Peninsula|Tanjung Mangkalihat]] in [[Borneo]], the Northern limit of [[Makassar Strait]] [a line joining Tanjung Mangkalihat, Borneo ({{coord|1|02|N|118|57|E}}) and tanjung Binar (Cape Rivers), Celebes ({{coord|1|20|N|120|52|E}})].
''On the West.'' The East coast of Borneo is between Tanjung Mangkalihat and Tanjong Labian, the Southern limit of the Sulu Sea.
</blockquote>
== Marine life ==
[[File:Enoploteuthis.jpg|thumb|Squid of the genus ''[[Enoploteuthis]]'' from the Celebes Sea]]
The Celebes Sea is home to a wide variety of fish and aquatic creatures. The tropical setting and warm clear waters permit it to harbor about 580 of the world's 793 species of reef-building [[coral]]s, which grow as some of the most bio-diverse coral reefs in the world, and an impressive array of [[marine life]], including [[whale]]s and [[dolphin]]s, [[sea turtle]]s, [[manta ray]]s, [[eagle ray]]s, [[barracuda]], [[marlin]] and other reef and [[pelagic]] species. [[Tuna]] and [[yellowfin tuna]] are also abundant. In addition to the high abundance of fish caught in the Celebes Sea, this sea also yields other aquatic products like sea tang.
[[File:Kalasey Beach Manado.JPG|right|thumb|Southern border of Celebes Sea. Kalasey Beach in [[Bunaken National Park|Bunaken]] Island, [[North Sulawesi]]]]
[[File:Maitumcoastal.jpg|right|thumb|Celebes Sea on its northern border. Coastal area of [[Maitum, Sarangani]]]]
== Commercial significance ==
==
The Celebes Sea is underlain by an oceanic plate with a mid-oceanic spreading in the center part. This plate is subducted to the south and north. Several seismic surveys and research drillings were done in this area to gather geological information.
==
*[[Bunaken]]
*[[Davao Gulf]]
*[[Minahasa Peninsula]]
*[[Moro Gulf]]
*[[Sangir Islands]]
*[[Sarangani Bay]]
*[[
==References==
{{Reflist}}
==External links==
{{Commons category}}
* [http://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov Ocean Explorer (www.oceanexplorer.noaa.gov)] - Public outreach site for explorations sponsored by the Office of Ocean Exploration.
* [http://www.oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/explorations/07philippines/welcome.html Exploring the Inner Space of the Celebes Sea 2007] - A rich collection of images, video and [http://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/explorations/podcast/oceanexplorer_podcast.xml audio podcast].
* [https://www.youtube.com/oceanexplorergov NOAA, Ocean Explorer YouTube Channel]
* {{cite book |url=https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PBAAB124.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170429082453/http://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/pbaab124.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-date=29 April 2017 |title=In Turbulent Seas: The Status of Philippine Marine Fisheries |publisher=Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources |isbn=971-92753-4-0 |date=2004 |chapter=Ecosystem Fisheries Management: A New Approach to Address Biodiversity Loss Caused by Fisheries in the Sulu-Sulawesi Seas |author1=Jose A. Ingles |author2=Romeo B. Trono |pages=336–341}}
{{List of Philippine seas}}
{{List of Indonesian seas}}
{{List of seas}}
{{Authority control}}
{{Coord|3|N|122|E|type:waterbody_scale:5000000|display=title}}
[[
[[Category:Marginal seas of the Pacific Ocean]]
[[
[[Category:Seas of Indonesia]]
[[Category:Seas of the Philippines]]
[[Category:Seas of Malaysia]]
[[Category:Geography of Mindanao]]
[[Category:Landforms of North Sulawesi]]
[[Category:Indonesia–Malaysia border]]
[[Category:Indonesia–Philippines border]]
[[Category:Malaysia–Philippines border]]
[[Category:Landforms of Kalimantan]]
[[Category:Maritime Southeast Asia]]
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