Active electronically scanned array: Difference between revisions

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* The first AESA on a missile is the seeker head for the [[AAM-4|AAM-4B]], an [[air-to-air missile]] carried by the Mitsubishi F-2 and Mitsubishi-built [[Mitsubishi F-15J|McDonnell-Douglas F-15J]].<ref name="aviationweek.com"/>

US based manufacturers of the AESA radars used in the F-22 and Super Hornet include Northrop Grumman<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.irconnect.com/noc/press/pages/news_releases.html?d=116105|title=Northrop Grumman Successfully Completes F-22 Radar Flight-Test Certification (NYSE:NOC)|access-date=17 June 2015|archive-date=8 February 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120208023846/http://www.irconnect.com/noc/press/pages/news_releases.html?d=116105|url-status=dead}}</ref> and Raytheon.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.raytheon.com/products/aesa/|title=Raytheon|author=Raytheon Corporate Communications|access-date=17 June 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080707032431/http://www.raytheon.com/products/aesa/|archive-date=2008-07-07|url-status=dead}}</ref> These companies also design, develop and manufacture the transmit/receive modules which comprise the 'building blocks' of an AESA radar. The requisite electronics technology was developed in-house via Department of Defense research programs such as [[Monolithic microwave integrated circuit|MMIC]] Program.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.csmantech.org/Digests/2003/2003PDF/1-2.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070926193553/http://www.csmantech.org/Digests/2003/2003PDF/1-2.pdf|url-status=dead|title=A DARPA Perspective on the Future of Electronics<!-- Bot generated title -->|archive-date=26 September 2007}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ll.mit.edu/news/journal/pdf/vol12_no2/12_2devphasedarray.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=2007-08-18 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070926193552/http://www.ll.mit.edu/news/journal/pdf/vol12_no2/12_2devphasedarray.pdf |archive-date=2007-09-26 }}</ref> In 2016 the Congress funded a military industry competition to produce new radars for two dozen National Guard fighter aircraft.<ref>Albon, Courtney. “Concerned about Industrial Base: Senate Appropriators Call For Broader F-16 AESA Radar Upgrade.” ''Inside the Air Force'', vol. 26, no. 23, Inside Washington Publishers, 2015, pp. 3–3, [https://www.jstor.org/stable/24803921. JSTOR website] Retrieved 13 March 2022.</ref>

==Basic concept==

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Jamming is likewise much more difficult against an AESA. Traditionally, jammers have operated by determining the operating frequency of the radar and then broadcasting a signal on it to confuse the receiver as to which is the "real" pulse and which is the jammer's. This technique works as long as the radar system cannot easily change its operating frequency. When the transmitters were based on klystron tubes this was generally true, and radars, especially airborne ones, had only a few frequencies to choose among. A jammer could listen to those possible frequencies and select the one to be used to jam.

Most radars using modern electronics are capable of changing their operating frequency with every pulse. This can make jamming less effective; although it is possible to send out broadband white noise to conduct [[barrage jamming]] against all the possible frequencies, this reduces the amount of jammer energy in any one frequency. An AESA has the additional capability of spreading its frequencies acrossemitting a widesingle band even in a singlebroad-spectrum pulse, a technique known ascalled a "[[chirp". In this case]], thewhich jammingis willmore bedifficult the same frequency as the radar for only a short period, while the rest of the radar pulse isto unjammedjam.

AESAs can also be switched to a receive-only mode, and use these powerful jamming signals to track its source, something that required a separate receiver in older platforms. By integrating received signals from the targets' own radar along with a lower rate of data from its own broadcasts, a detection system with a precise RWR like an AESA can generate more data with less energy. Some receive beamforming-capable systems, usually ground-based, may even discard a transmitter entirely.

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** FULMAR, for the maritime aircraft and helicopters.

* [[Euroradar CAPTOR|Captor-E]] CAESAR (CAPTOR Active Electronically Scanning Array Radar) for the [[Eurofighter Typhoon]]

* [[Defence Research and Development Organisation]] (DRDO)

** [[DRDO AEW&CS|DRDO LSTAR]] – Radar for Airborne Early-Warning platform

** [[Uttam AESA]] – [[Gallium arsenide|Gallium Arsenide]] (GaAs) based multifunction radar for India's combat aircraft [[HAL Tejas]]

** [[Uttam AESA Radar#Virupaaksha|Virupaaksha]] multifunction– an advanced variant of [[Uttam AESA Radar|Uttam AESA]] radar forbased on [[SukhoiGallium Su-30MKInitride|Su-30MKIGallium Nitride]], an(GaN). advanceTo variantbe ofused in [[Uttamair AESAsuperiority Radar|Uttamfighter]] AESA[[Sukhoi Su-30MKI|Su-30MKI]]

* [[Elta Systems]]

** [[EL/M-2083]] [[aerostat]]-mounted air search radar

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** [[HQ-9#Type 305A radar|Type 305A Radar]]{{Broken anchor|date=2025-05-10|bot=User:Cewbot/log/20201008/configuration|target_link=HQ-9#Type 305A radar|reason= The anchor (Type 305A radar) [[Special:Diff/1059840239|has been deleted]].|diff_id=1059840239}} (Acquisition radar for the [[HQ-9|HQ-9 missile]] system)<ref>http://www.ausairpower.net/APA-HQ-9-12-Battery-Radars.html HQ-9 and HQ-12 SAM system battery radars</ref>

** [[YLC-2 Radar]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ausairpower.net/APA-PLA-IADS-Radars.html|title=PLA Air Defence Radars|author=John C Wise|date=13 January 2009|pages=1|access-date=17 June 2015}}</ref>

* [[Defence Research and Development Organisation]] (DRDO)

** [[Ashwini LLTR Radar]] – 4D AESA radar (used by Indian Air Force).<ref>Low Level Transportable Radar (LLTR) - Ashwini https://www.drdo.gov.in/sites/default/files/inline-files/lltr.pdf</ref>

** [[Arudhra Radar]] – Multi function AESA radar (used by Indian Air Force).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.drdo.gov.in/drdo/labs/LRDE/English/index.jsp?pg=achieve.jsp|title=DRDO Radar List|website=drdo.gov.in|access-date=25 July 2016|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140723095010/http://drdo.gov.in/drdo/labs/LRDE/English/index.jsp?pg=achieve.jsp|archive-date=23 July 2014}}</ref>

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** [[EL/M-2133]] ''WindGuard'' – ''Trophy'' active protection system radar

* [[Hensoldt]]

** [[TRML-4D]]<ref name=trml-4d-product>{{cite web | url=https://www.hensoldt.net/products/radar-iff-and-datalink/trml-4d/ | title=TRML-4D - Multi-Functional Air Surveillance and Target Acquisition Radar System &#124; HENSOLDT | access-date=2022-05-17 | archive-date=2024-05-06 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240506170432/https://www.hensoldt.net/products/radar-iff-and-datalink/trml-4d/ | url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=armyrecognition-trml-4d>{{cite web | url=https://www.armyrecognition.com/defense_news_may_2021_global_security_army_industry/hensoldt_presenting_trml-_4d_multi-function_air_surveillance_and_target_acquisition_radar.html | title=Hensoldt presenting TRML- 4D multi-function air surveillance and target acquisition radar &#124; Defense News May 2021 Global Security army industry &#124; Defense Security global news industry army year 2021 &#124; Archive News year | access-date=2022-05-17 | archive-date=2022-05-26 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220526011606/https://www.armyrecognition.com/defense_news_may_2021_global_security_army_industry/hensoldt_presenting_trml-_4d_multi-function_air_surveillance_and_target_acquisition_radar.html | url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=armada-trml-4d>{{cite web | url=https://www.armadainternational.com/2018/06/hensoldt-presents-new-ground-based-air-defence-radar/ | title=HENSOLDT presents new ground-based Air Defence Radar | date=19 June 2018 }}</ref>

** [[TRML#TRS-4D|TRS-4D]]

* [[Larsen & Toubro]]