Computer architecture: Difference between revisions

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{{Lead too short|date=November 2023}}

[[File:Computer architecture block diagram.png|alt=|thumb|upright=1.35|Block diagram of a basic computer with uniprocessor CPU. Black lines indicate the flow of control signals, whereas red lines indicate the flow of processor instructions and data. Arrows indicate the direction of flow.]]

In [[computer science]] and [[computer engineering]], a '''computer architecture''' is a description of the structure of a [[computer]] system made from component parts.<ref>{{cite web|last=Dragoni|first=Nicole|title=Introduction to peer to peer computing|url=http://www2.imm.dtu.dk/courses/02220/2017/L6/P2P.pdf|website=DTU Compute – Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science|___location=Lyngby, Denmark|date=n.d.}}</ref> It can sometimes be a high-level description that ignores details of the implementation.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Clements|first1=Alan|title=Principles of Computer Hardware|page=1|edition=Fourth|quote=Architecture describes the internal organization of a computer in an abstract way; that is, it defines the capabilities of the computer and its programming model. You can have two computers that have been constructed in different ways with different technologies but with the same architecture.}}</ref> At a more detailed level, the description may include the [[instruction set architecture]] design, [[microarchitecture]] design, [[logic design]], and [[implementation]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Hennessy|first1=John|last2=Patterson|first2=David|title=Computer Architecture: A Quantitative Approach|page=11|edition=Fifth|quote=This task has many aspects, including instruction set design, functional organization, logic design, and implementation.}}</ref>

== History ==

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==References==

{{Reflist}}

==Sources==

* {{Cite book |last=[[John L. Hennessy]] and [[David Patterson (scientist)|David Patterson]] |title=Computer Architecture: A Quantitative Approach |publisher=Morgan Kaufmann |edition=Fourth |year=2006 |isbn=978-0-12-370490-0 |url=http://www.elsevierdirect.com/product.jsp?isbn=9780123704900}}

* [[Robert S. Barton|Barton, Robert S.]], "Functional Design of Computers", ''Communications of the ACM'' 4(9): 405 (1961).

* Barton, Robert S., "A New Approach to the Functional Design of a Digital Computer", ''Proceedings of the Western Joint Computer Conference'', May 1961, pp.&nbsp;393–396. About the design of the Burroughs [[Burroughs large systems|B5000]] computer.

* [[Gordon Bell|Bell, C. Gordon]]; and [[Allen Newell|Newell, Allen]] (1971). [http://research.microsoft.com/en-us/um/people/gbell/Computer_Structures__Readings_and_Examples/contents.html "Computer Structures: Readings and Examples"], McGraw-Hill.

* [[Gerrit Blaauw|Blaauw, G.A.]], and [[Fred Brooks|Brooks, F.P., Jr.]], [http://domino.research.ibm.com/tchjr/journalindex.nsf/d9f0a910ab8b637485256bc80066a393/95dc427e3fd3024a85256bfa006859f7?OpenDocument "The Structure of System/360, Part I-Outline of the Logical Structure"], ''IBM Systems Journal'', vol. 3, no. 2, pp.&nbsp;119–135, 1964.

* {{Cite book |last= Tanenbaum |first=Andrew S. |author-link=Andrew S. Tanenbaum |title=Structured Computer Organization |year=1979 |publisher=Prentice-Hall |___location=[[Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey]] |isbn=0-13-148521-0}}

==External links==

{{Commons category}}

* [https://www.youtube.com/user/cmu18447 Carnegie Mellon Computer Architecture Lectures]

* [http://portal.acm.org/toc.cfm?id=SERIES416&type=series&coll=GUIDE&dl=GUIDE&CFID=41492512&CFTOKEN=82922478 ISCA: Proceedings of the International Symposium on Computer Architecture]

* [http://www.microarch.org/ Micro: IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Microarchitecture]

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20050528085407/http://www.hpcaconf.org/ HPCA: International Symposium on High Performance Computer Architecture]

* [http://portal.acm.org/toc.cfm?id=SERIES311&type=series&coll=GUIDE&dl=GUIDE&CFID=41492415&CFTOKEN=3676847 ASPLOS: International Conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems]

* [http://www.acm.org/taco/ ACM Transactions on Architecture and Code Optimization]

* [https://www.computer.org/csdl/journal/tc IEEE Transactions on Computers]

* {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171031185802/http://www-scf.usc.edu/~inf520/downloads/The%20von%20Neumann%20Architecture%20of%20Computer%20Systems.pdf|title=The von Neumann Architecture of Computer Systems|date=2017-10-31}}

{{Computer science}}

{{Digital electronics}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Computer Architecture}}

[[Category:Computer architecture| ]]

[[Category:Central processing unit]]