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These new rules were slow to be adopted: there are 19th-century books in which the printer uses neither "¡" nor "¿".<ref>{{cite web |last1=Carrithers|first1=Michael|last2=Candea|first2=Matei|last3=Sykes|first3=Karen|last4=Holbraad|first4=Martin|last5=Venkatesan|first5=Soumya|date=May 28, 2010|title=Ontology is just another word for culture |url=https://archive.today/20250626220935/https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0308275X09364070|url-access=subscription|website=[[Critique of Anthropology]]|publisher=[[Sage Journals]]|archive-url=https://doi.org/10.1177/0308275x09364070|archive-date=June 26, 2025 |access-date=June 26, 2025}}</ref>
Outside of the Spanish-speaking world, [[John Wilkins]] proposed using the upside-down exclamation mark "¡" as a symbol at the end of a sentence to [[irony punctuation|denote irony]] in 1668. He was one of many, including [[Desiderius Erasmus]], who felt there was a need for such a punctuation mark, but Wilkins' proposal, like the other attempts, failed to take hold.<ref name="Houston2013">{{cite book |first=Keith |last=Houston |title=Shady Characters: The Secret Life of Punctuation, Symbols, and Other Typographical Marks |page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=3R2SAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA214 214] |date=September 24, 2013 |publisher=[[W. W. Norton]] |isbn=978-0-393-24154-9}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Popova|first=Maria|title=Ironic Serif: A Brief History of Typographic Snark and the Failed Crusade for an Irony Mark |url=http://www.brainpickings.org/index.php/2013/09/27/shady-characters-irony/|work=[[Brain Pickings]]|date=September 27, 2013|access-date=September 1, 2014}}</ref>
==Adoption==
Some writers omit the upside-down question mark in the case of a short unambiguous question such as: {{lang|es|"Quién viene?"|italic=yes}} ("Who comes?"). This is the criterion in [[Galician language|Galician]]<ref>{{cite book |title=Normas ortográficas e morfolóxicas do idioma galego |trans-title=Orthographic rules and morphology of the Galician language |publisher=[[Royal Galician Academy|Real Academia Galega]] |isbn=978-84-87987-78-6 |page=27 |edition=23ª |chapter-url=https://www.lingua.gal/c/document_library/get_file?folderId=1647069&name=DLFE-10938.
Some Spanish-language writers, among them Nobel laureate [[Pablo Neruda]] (1904–1973), refuse to use the upside-down question mark.<ref>{{cite web |last=Neruda |first=Pablo |date=June 2008 |title=''Antología Fundamental'' |trans-title=''Fundamental Anthology'' |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120425154155/http://www.pehuen.cl/docman/neruda/antlogia-fundamental/download.html |archive-url=http://www.pehuen.cl/docman/neruda/antlogia-fundamental/download.html |archive-date=April 25, 2012 |access-date=November 10, 2011}} {{small|(556 KB)}} {{ISBN|978-956-16-0169-7}}. p. 7 {{in lang|es}}</ref>
Upside-down marks are often omitted when [[texting]].<ref>{{cite web |last=Monroy |first=Marco |date=November 27, 2023 |title=How to use upside down question marks in Spanish: A top guide |url=https://www.berlitz.com/blog/upside-down-question-mark-spanish-exclamation-mark |website=[[Berlitz Corporation]] |access-date=September 2, 2025 |archive-date=December 26, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231226051733/https://www.berlitz.com/blog/upside-down-question-mark-spanish-exclamation-mark}}</ref>
==Mixtures== <!-- Courtesy note per [{WP:RSECT]]: [[Interrobang#Inverted interrobang]] links here. -->
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==Computer usage==
[[File:KB Spanish.svg|thumb|420px|The [[Languages of Spain|Spanish]] keyboard provides the symbols 'as standard' (top row, right).]]
===Encodings===
{{char|¡}} and {{char|¿}} are in the [[Latin-1 Supplement (Unicode block)| "Latin-1 Supplement" Unicode block]], which is inherited from [[ISO-8859-1]]:
* {{unichar|00A1|inverted exclamation mark}}
* {{unichar|00BF|inverted question mark}}
==See also==
* [[Spanish orthography]]
* {{anli|Unicode input}}
==References==
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