Help:Wikitext: Difference between revisions

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{{short description|Wikipedia help page}}
{{pp-move-indef|small=yes}}
{{pp-vandalism|small=yes}}
{{for|the encyclopedic section on wikitext|Wiki#Editing}}
{{redirect|H:WT|the welcoming templates|Wikipedia:Welcoming committee/Welcome templates}}
{{Locutions pages header}}
{{Wikipedia how -to|H:WT|H:MARKUP|H:WIKICODE}}
{{VE documentation}}
{{Wikitext navboxsidebar}}
'''Wikitext''', also known as '''wiki markup''' or '''wikicode''', is the [[markup language]] used by the [[MediaWiki]] software to format pages. (Note the use of lowercase spelling for these terms.){{efn|Wikipedia is an encyclopedia that uses wikitext—wikitext is not named after Wikipedia.}}
 
To learn how to view and edit wikitext, and how to save changes, see [[Help:Editing]]. In most cases, markup can be copied and pasted without the need to write new code. A quick reference guide is available at [[Help:Cheatsheet]].
 
In addition to wikitext, some [[HTML elementselement]]s are also permitted for presentation formatting. For more details, see [[Help:HTML in wikitext]].
{{TOC limit}}
 
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===Sections===
Article sections in a page will follow that page's [[WPMOS:LEAD|lead]] or introduction and, if there are four or more, the [[WPH:TOC|table of contents]].
 
====Section headings====
{{seeFurther|Help:Section|Wikipedia:Manual of Style#Section headings}}
 
The <code>=</code> through <code>======</code> markup are headings for the sections with which they are associated.
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====Horizontal rule====
{{seeFurther|WPMOS:LINEHR}}
 
The horizontal rule represents a paragraph-level thematic break. Do not use in article content, as rules are used only after main sections, and this is automatic.
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====Table of contents====
{{seeFurther|WPH:TOC}}
 
When a page has at least four headings, a table of contents (TOC) will automatically appear after the lead and before the first heading. The TOC can be controlled by magic words or templates:
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===Line breaks===
<!--[[Help:Breaks]] links directly here.-->
{{seeFurther|Help:Line-break handling|Wikipedia:Line breaks usage|Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Accessibility#Indentation}}
 
Line breaks or newlines are used to add whitespace between lines, such as separating paragraphs.
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* Pressing {{key press|Enter}} once will place a line break in the markup, but it will not show in the rendered content, except when using list markup.
* Markup such as bold or italics will be terminated at a line break.
* Blank lines within indented wikitext should not be added due, to avoid creating accessibility issues.
 
{{markup
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===Indent text===
{{seeFurther|WP:INDENT|Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Accessibility#Indentation}}
 
Indentation is most commonly used on talk pages.
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===Center text===
{{See also|Spandiv and divspan|HTML tag|Template:Align}}
{{markup
|<syntaxhighlight lang="html" inline style="border:none; background:transparent;"><div class="center" style="width: auto; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">Centered text</div></syntaxhighlight>
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===Lists===
{{seeFurther|Help:List|MOS:LIST}}
 
Do not leave blank lines between items in a list unless there is a reason to do so, since this causes the MediaWiki software to interpret each item as beginning a new list.
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}}
 
====<span class="anchor" id="DL"></span><span class="anchor" id="Definition lists"></span><span class="anchor" id="Association lists"></span><span class="anchor" id="H:DL"></span>Description lists====
===={{Anchor|DL}}Description lists====
{{anchors|Definition lists|Association lists|H:DL}}
{{Shortcut|H:DL}}
 
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''Description lists''<!--HTML5 name--> (formerly ''definition lists''<!--HTML4 name-->, and a.k.a. ''association lists''<!--draft HTML5 name-->) consist of group names corresponding to values. Group names (terms) are in bold. Values (definitions) are indented. Each group <em>must</em> include one or more definitions. For a single or first value, the <code>:</code> can be placed on the same line after <code>;</code> – but subsequent values must be placed on separate lines.
 
{{hatnote- inline|Do not use a semicolon (;) simply to bold a line without defining a value using a colon (:). This usage renders invalid [[HTML5]] and creates issues with [[screen reader]]s. Also, use of a colon to indent (other than for talk page responses) may also render invalid HTML5 and cause accessibility issues per [[MOS:INDENTGAP]].}}
 
{{markup
| <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext">; Term : Definition1</syntaxhighlight>
|{{crlf2}}
; Term : Definition1
| <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext">; Term
: Definition1
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|
<syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext">
Use <small>small text</small> only
when necessary.
</syntaxhighlight>
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|
<syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext">
To match, for example, the font-size used in an [[Help:Visual file markup#Caption|image caption]], the "small" tag can also be used to
<small style="font-size:87%;">reduce a text's font-size to 87%</small>.
</syntaxhighlight>
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|-
|<code>&amp;iquest; &amp;iexcl; &amp;sect; &amp;para;</code>
|¿ ¡ § ¶
|-
|<code>&amp;dagger; &amp;Dagger; &amp;bull; &amp;ndash; &amp;mdash;</code>
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|&lsquo; &rsquo; &ldquo; &rdquo;
|-
|<code>&amp;apos; &amp;quot;</code>
|&apos; &quot;
|}
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{{main|Help:Displaying a formula}}
 
* Formulae that include mathematical letters, like {{math|x}}, and operators like <code>×</code> should not use the plain letter <code>x</code>. See [[MOS:MATH#Font_formattingFont formatting|math font formatting]]. For a comprehensive set of symbols, and comparison between {{tag|math|o}} tags and the {{tl|math}} template see section [[Help:Displaying_a_formulaDisplaying a formula#TeX_vs_HTMLTeX vs HTML|''TeX vs HTML'']].
 
* The {{tag|math|o}} tag typesets using [[MOS:MATH#Typesetting_of_mathematical_formulaeTypesetting of mathematical formulae|LaTeX markup]],{{efn|The version of LaTeX used is a subset of AMS-LaTeX markup; see [[Help:Displaying a formula]] for details.}} which may render as an image or as HTML, depending on environmental settings. The {{tag|math|o}} tag is best for the complex formula on its own line in an image format. If you use this tag to put a formula in the line with text, put it in the {{tl|nowrap}} template.
 
* The {{tl|math}} template [[MOS:MATH#Using_HTMLUsing HTML|uses HTML]], and will size-match a serif font, and will also prevent line-wrap. All templates are sensitive to the <code>=</code> sign, so remember to replace <code>=</code> with <code>{{tl|{{=}}}}</code> in template input, or start the input with <code>1=</code>. Use wiki markup <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>''</syntaxhighlight> and <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>'''</syntaxhighlight> inside the {{tl|math}} template, as well as other [[Wikipedia:Mathematical_symbolsMathematical symbols|HTML entities]]. The {{tl|math}} template is best for typeset formulas in line with the text.
 
{{markup
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</syntaxhighlight>
|<math>2x \times 4y \div 6z + 8 - \frac {y}{z^2} = 0</math>
{{crlfbreak|}}
 
{{math|2''x'' &times; 4''y'' &divide; 6''z'' + 8 &minus; {{sfrac|''y''|''z''<sup>2</sup>}} {{=}} 0}}
 
<math>\sin 2\pi x + \ln e</math>{{crlfbreak|}}
{{math|sin 2π''x'' + ln ''e''}}
}}
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====Link to a section of a page====
 
* The part after the hash sign (#) must match a [[Help:Section#Creation_and_numbering_of_sectionsCreation and numbering of sections|section heading]] on the page. Matches must be exact in terms of spelling, case, and punctuation. Links to non-existent sections are not broken; they are treated as links to the beginning of the page.
* Include "| link title" to create a stylish ([[WP:Piping|piped]]) link title.
* If sections have the same title, add a number to link to any but the first. [[#Example section 3]] goes to the third section named "Example section". You can use the pipe and retype the section title to display the text without the # symbol.
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|
[[Wikipedia:Manual of Style#Italics]] is a link to a section within another page.
|-
|
<syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{Section link|Wikipedia:Manual of Style#Italics}}, does the same, but nicer.</syntaxhighlight>
|
{{Section link|Wikipedia:Manual of Style#Italics}} using a template, does the same, but nicer.<!-- (Could the default wikilink not do this?) -->
|-
|
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|}
 
====Create a pagenew link=page===
 
* To create a new page:
*# SaveEdit thatany page.
*# Create a link to it on some other (related) page.
*# Enter a [[Wikipedia:Red link|redlink]] wikilink: <nowiki>[</nowiki>[page name]].
*# Save that page.
*# Preview or save.
*# Click onActivate the link you just made. The new page will open for editing.
* For more information, see [[WikipediaHelp:StartingYour anfirst article|starting an article]] and check out Wikipedia's [[Wikipedia:NamingArticle conventionstitles|naming conventions]].
* Please dolink notto create ayour new article without linking to it from at least one other article.
 
{| class="wikitable"
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|}
 
===Create an alias for a page===
===Redirects===
{{main|Help:Redirect}}
 
* Create an alias for any page by creating a [[Wikipedia:Redirect|Redirect]] from one [[Help:Page name| page name]] to another.
* [[Wikipedia:Redirect|Redirect]] one article title to another by placing a directive like the one shown to the right on the ''first'' line of the article (such as at a page titled "[[US]]").
* First create a new page whose page name is the name of the alias. That is the redirect.
* It is possible to redirect to a section. For example, a redirect to [[United States#History]] will redirect to the History section of the [[United States]] page, if it exists.
* On the ''first'' line of the new redirect page, use the syntax shown in the table below. For example, [[US]] is a redirect.
* It is possible to redirect to a section. For example, a redirect to [[United States#History]] will redirect to the History section of the [[United States]] page, if it exists.
 
{| class="wikitable" border=1
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|}
 
===Link to another [[HelpWikipedia:namespaceNamespace|namespace]]===
 
*The full page name should be included in double square brackets.
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* [[Help:Interwiki links|Interwiki links]] link to any page on other wikis. [[Help:Interwikimedia links|Interwikimedia links]] link to other Wikimedia wikis.
* Note that interwikimedia links use the internal link style, with double square brackets.
* See [[MetaWikiPedia:Interwiki_mapInterwiki map|Meta-Wiki:Interwiki map]] for the list of shortcuts; if the site you want to link to is not on the list, use an [[#External links|external link]].
* See also [[Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects]].
 
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''Bare URL''
 
''(Bad style)''
 
use <nowiki><nowiki></nowiki></nowiki> to keep this bad style from showing
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==Musical notation==
{{main|Help:Score}}
Musical notation is added by using the {{xtag|score|p}} [[mw:Manual:Tag_extensionsTag extensions|extension]] HTML-like tag. For example:
:
{{markup
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! Notes
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
| <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" style="white-space: pre-wrap;">The image name, the word thumb, and then the caption :
[[File:wiki.png|thumb|Wikipedia logo]]</syntaxhighlight>
 
| The image name, the word thumb, and then the caption :
[[File:wiki.png|thumb|alt=Puzzle globe|Wikipedia logo]] {{clear}}
 
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* See note below about adding an [[#alt tag|alt tag]]
* This is the basic markup for most images
 
 
|- style="vertical-align: top;"
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* Embedding the image in the text is only possible for very small images.
* Embedding the image will affect the vertical formatting of text.
|- style="vertical-align: top;" id="alt tag"
| <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext">With alternative text:
[[File:wiki.png|alt=Puzzle globe logo]]</syntaxhighlight>
 
| With alternative text:
[[File:wiki.png|alt=Puzzle globe logo]]
 
|
* {{anchor|alt tag}}Alternative text, used when the image is unavailable or when the image is loaded in a text-only browser, or when spoken aloud, is '''strongly''' encouraged. See [[Wikipedia:Alternative text for images|Alternative text for images]] for help on choosing it.
 
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
| <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext">With link:
[[File:wiki.png|link=Wikipedia]]</syntaxhighlight>
 
| With link:
[[File:wiki.png|link=Wikipedia]] {{clear}}
|
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|- style="vertical-align:top;"
| <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" style="white-space: pre-wrap;">Forced to the centre of the page
using the ''frame'' tag (attribute), a ''centre'' tag and a caption:
[[File:wiki.png|frame|centre|alt=Puzzle globe|Wikipedia logo]]</syntaxhighlight>
 
| Forced to the centre of the page using the ''frame'' tag (attribute), a ''centre'' tag and a caption:
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* The frame tag automatically floats the image right.
* The frame tag is only of use with very small images or ones using the [[#px tag|px tag]]
* The attributes left, center or centre override this, and places the image to the left or the centre of the page. {{anchor|upright tag}}
* The last parameter is the caption that appears below the image.
 
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
| <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" style="white-space: pre-wrap;">Forced to the left side of the page
using the ''thumb'' attribute, the ''left'' attribute and a caption:
[[File:wiki.png|thumb|left|alt=Puzzle globe|Wikipedia logo]]</syntaxhighlight>
 
| Forced to the left side of the page using the ''thumb'' attribute, the ''left'' attribute and a caption:
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* The thumb tag automatically floats the image right.
* An enlarge icon is placed in the lower right corner.
* The attributes left, center or centre override this, and places the image to the left or the centre of the page.
 
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
| <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" style="white-space: pre-wrap;">Forced to the right side of the page
''without'' a caption:
[[File:wiki.png|right|Wikipedia encyclopedia]]</syntaxhighlight>
 
| Forced to the right side of the page ''without'' a caption:
[[File:wiki.png|right|Wikipedia encyclopedia]]
|
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* The [[WP:PIC|picture tutorial]] explains more options.
 
|- style="vertical-align:top;" id="px tag"
| <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext">A picture resized to 50 pixels...
[[File:wiki.png|50 px|Wikipedia encyclopedia]]</syntaxhighlight>
 
| A picture resized to 50 pixels width...
[[File:wiki.png|50 px|Wikipedia encyclopedia]]
 
|
* {{anchor|px tag}}The [[WP:PIC|picture tutorial]] explains more options.
* Sizing in pixels is deprecated and should be used very sparingly.
* There is an [[#upright tagWP:PICSIZE|''upright'' attributeparameter]] that should be used instead. These tags are optimised for both laptop and mobile phone screens.
 
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
| <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext">Linking directly to the description page of an image:
[[:File:wiki.png]]</syntaxhighlight>
 
| Linking directly to the description page of an image:
[[:File:wiki.png]]
 
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|- style="vertical-align:top;"
| <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext">Linking directly to an image without displaying it:
[[Media:wiki.png|Image of jigsaw globe]]</syntaxhighlight>
 
| Linking directly to an image without displaying it:
[[Media:Wiki.png|Image of jigsaw globe]]
 
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|- style="vertical-align:top;"
|
<syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext">Example:
<div style="display: inline; width: 220px; float: right;">
[[File:wiki.png|50 px|Wikipedia encyclopedia]][[File:wiki.png|50 px]] </div></syntaxhighlight>
 
|
Example:
<div style="display: inline; width: 220px; float: right;">
[[File:wiki.png|50 px|Wikipedia encyclopedia]][[File:wiki.png|50 px]] </div>
 
|
* Using the [[spandiv and divspan|<code>span</code> or <code>div</code> elements]] to separate images from text (note that this may allow images to cover text).
 
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
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There can be several such section "[[HTML#Elements|elements]]". Also, they can be nested. All possible renderings are achievable. For example, to render ''there'' one or more sections of the page ''here'' use '''<nowiki><onlyinclude></nowiki>''' tags. To append text ''there'', wrap the addition in '''<nowiki><includeonly></nowiki>''' tags before, within, or after the section. To omit portions of the section, nest '''<nowiki><noinclude></nowiki>''' tags within it.
 
If a page is transcluded without transclusion markup, it may cause an unintentional [[Help:Category#Putting_pages_in_categoriesPutting pages in categories|categorization]]. Any page transcluding it will contain the same category as the original page. Wrap the category markup with '''<nowiki><noinclude></nowiki>''' tags to prevent incorrect categorization.
 
{{anchor|hovertext}}
Some templates take ''parameters'', as well, which you separate with the pipe character <code>|</code>.
 
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|
{{Help:Transclusion demo}}
|- id=hovertext
|-
|
<syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext">
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|
[[Special:Diff/330350877|Diff between revisions 330349143 and 330350877]]
|}
 
*For an old revision, you can also use a [[Help:Permanent link|permalink]]. Though here only the main text is guaranteed to be retained (images and templates will be shown as they are today, not as they were at the time).
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|This is {{xt|a correct example}} for comparison {{tick}}
|-
|<syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>This is {{!xt|an incorrect example}} for contrast {{crossXmark}}</syntaxhighlight>
|This is {{!xt|an incorrect example}} for contrast {{crossXmark}}
|-
|<syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>This is {{mxt|in monospace}} for comparison</syntaxhighlight>
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===Show deleted or inserted text===
{{detailsFurther|Wikipedia:Talk page guidelines#Editing own comments}}
* When editing regular Wikipedia articles, just make your changes, and do not mark them up in any special way, except when the article itself discusses deleted or inserted content, such as an amendment to a statute:
** to indicate deleted content, use {{tag|del}}
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The {{tl|Strikethrough}} template marks up an inline span of text with the {{tag|s}} tag. This is usually rendered visually by drawing a horizontal line through it. Outside of articles, it can be used to mark something as no longer accurate or relevant without removing it from view. Do not use it, however, to indicate document edits. For that, use the {{tag|del}} tag instead. See {{slink||Show deleted or inserted text}} for details.
 
The {{tl|Strikethrough}} template and {{tag|s}} tag are for inline content only; to strike out a block of text, such as a multi-line talk page post, use either {{tl|Strikethroughdiv}} or <syntaxhighlight lang=wikitext inline><div style="text-decoration: line-through"></div></syntaxhighlight> to render the entire block with strikethrough markup.
{| class=wikitable
!What you type
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|}
 
=={{<span class="anchor|" id="Limiting formatting}}"></span><span class="anchor" id="Limiting formatting / escaping wiki markup"></span> Limiting formatting and escaping wikitext ==
{{see also|Template:Escape template list}}
 
Several formatting methods in wikitext can force the wikitext to be displayed exactly as typed – essentially a "[[WYSIWYG|what you see is what you get]]" effect. These techniques are useful when you need to prevent wikitext from being interpreted by [[parser]], such as when showing examples of wikitext nested in a template.
A few different kinds of formatting will tell the wiki to display things as you typed them – what you see is what you get!
 
{| class="wikitable" style="margin-right:0em;"
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|}
 
===<span class="anchor" id="NOWIKI"></span>Nowiki===
{{anchor|NOWIKI}}
{{redirect|WP:NOWIKI|the essay about the name "Wiki"|Wikipedia:Don't abbreviate "Wikipedia" as "Wiki"!|the Wikipedia language edition|Norwegian Wikipedia}}
{{shortcut|H:NOWIKI|WP:NOWIKI}}
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* The empty {{tag|nowiki|s}} tag ''interrupts'' the wiki markup and causes it to display as normal text.
 
Both forms neutralize the rendering of wiki markup, as shown in the examples below. For example, the characters that have wiki markup meaning at the beginning of a line ({{code|*}}, {{code|#}}, {{code|;}}, and {{code|:}}) can be rendered in normal text. Editors can normalize the font of characters trailing a wikilink, which would otherwise appear in the wikilink font. And newlines added to wikitext for readability can be ignored.
 
Note to template editors: tag {{tag|nowiki|o}} works only on its source page, not the target.
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| <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext"><nowiki>[[Example]]</nowiki></syntaxhighlight>
| <nowiki>[[Example]]</nowiki>
| <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext"><nowiki><!-- revealed --></nowiki></syntaxhighlight>
| <nowiki><!-- revealed --></nowiki>
}}
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:[[<nowiki /> wp:pagename | page name ]]
:[[ wp:pagename <nowiki />| page name ]]
:[[ wp:pagename | page name ]<nowiki />]
</poem>
}}
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</poem>
}}
For '''two, first pipes''', two nowiki tags are required:
{{markup|
<syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext">
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{{Further|Help:Magic words|Help:Parser function}}
 
For input '''parameters''', {{{1}}}, {{{2}}}, just write them out, unless they have a default (which goes behind their pipe):
{{&lt;nowiki />{1|default}}} &rarr; {{<nowiki />{1|default}}}
 
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:{<nowiki />{ #ifeq: inYes | inYes | outYes | outNo }}
:{{<nowiki /> #ifeq: inYes | inYes | outYes | outNo }}
:{{ #ifeq<nowiki />: inYes | inYes | outYes | outNo }}
:{{ #ifeq: inYes | inYes | outYes | outNo }<nowiki />}
</poem>
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<span style=color:blue> Blue </span>
<<nowiki />span style=color:blue> Blue <<nowiki />/span>
<section end=la<nowiki />bel />
<<nowiki />section end=label /></syntaxhighlight>
|
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:<span style=color:blue> Blue </span>
:<<nowiki />span style=color:blue> Blue <<nowiki />/span>
:<section end=la<nowiki />bel /> {{crossXmark}}
:<<nowiki />section end=label /> {{tick}}
</poem>
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Use template {{tl|tag}} instead of nowiki tags to display parser tags:
 
'''Character entities''', nowiki cannot escape.
To escape HTML or special character entities, replace <code>&</code> with <code>&amp;amp;</code>.
For example, <code>&amp;amp;lt;</code> &rarr; <code>&amp;lt;</code>
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|
<poem>
:1<nowiki>2<nowiki>3</nowiki>4</nowiki> {{spaces|5}} ''{{small|second and fourth}}''
:<nowiki>{{!}}<nowiki></nowiki>{{!}}</nowiki>
</poem>
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{{see also|Help:Hidden text}}
 
It's uncommon{{spaced ndashen dash}}but on occasion acceptable for notes to other editors{{spaced ndashen dash}}to add a hidden comment within the text of an article. These comments are visible only when editing or viewing the source of a page. Most comments should go on the appropriate [[Wikipedia:Talk page|Talk page]]. <!-- This is an example of text that is not visible except in "edit" mode. --> The format is to surround the hidden text with "<code>&lt;!--</code>" and "<code>--&gt;</code>" and may cover several lines, e.g.:
<nowiki><!-- An example of hidden comments
This won't be visible except in "edit" mode. --></nowiki>
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==Variables==
{{seealsoSee also| Help:Magic words#Variables}}
 
{{seealso| Help:Magic words#Variables}}
 
{| style="text-align:center" class="wikitable"
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|-
| <nowiki>{{CURRENTWEEK}}</nowiki> || {{CURRENTWEEK}}
|Number of weeks since January 1 (January 1 can be in week 1; but only if it's a Monday, Tues, Wed, Thurs - if it's Friday, Sat or Sun, Jan 1 will be in week 52 or 53){{cnCitation needed|date=August 2025|}}
|-
| <nowiki>{{CURRENTDOW}}</nowiki> || {{CURRENTDOW}}
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*[[Help:Score]]: how to render musical scores.
*[[Help:Displaying a formula]]: displaying mathematical formulae.
*{{wikibooks-Wikibooks inline|Editing Wikitext}}.
*[[mw:Parsoid|Parsoid]]: MediaWiki application that allows for converting back and forth between wikitext and HTML.
*{{tl|Syntaxhighlight}}: template to show wrapped syntax-highlighted text.
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{{Wikipedia directories}}
{{Wikipedia editor navigation}}
{{Tools |state=collapsed}}
 
[[Category:Wikipedia how-toarticle elements help]]
[[Category:Wikipedia editor help]]
[[Category:Wikipedia article elements helphow-to]]
[[Category:Wikipedia text help]]
[[Category:Wikipedia article elements help]]