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There are various ways in which [[calculator]]s interpret keystrokes. These can be categorized into two main types:
* On a '''single-step''' or '''immediate-execution calculator''', the user presses a key for each operation, calculating all the intermediate results, before the final value is shown.<ref>Microsoft's Windows Operating System Calculator Accessory; 2001. Available on a Windows PC at: Start/All Programs/Accessories/Calculator.</ref><ref>MotionNET [http://www.motionnet.com/calculator Calculator page on the Internet] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090501082324/http://www.motionnet.com/calculator/ |date=2009-05-01}}; 2006.</ref><ref>Flow Simulation Ltd [http://www.calculator.org/jcalc98.html Virtual Calc98 page on the Internet]; 2008.</ref>
* On an '''expression''' or '''formula calculator''', one types in an expression and then presses a key, such as "=" or "Enter", to evaluate the expression.<ref>Formula Calculators Pty Ltd [Home page on the Internet]; 2009.</ref><ref>Moisey Oysgelt [http://www.alemoi.com/math JavaScript Formula Calculator page on the Internet] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181211020248/http://www.alemoi.com/math |date=2018-12-11 }}; 2000.</ref><ref>Haxial Software Pty Ltd [http://www.haxial.com/products/calculator Calculator Product page on the Internet] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090428221125/http://www.haxial.com/products/calculator/ |date=2009-04-28}}; 2001</ref> There are various systems for typing in an expression, as described below.
=={{anchor|Chain|AES|AOS}}Immediate execution==
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=={{anchor|10-Key}}Ten key notation==
[[File:Sharp EL-1192D Calculator.jpg|thumb|This printing calculator made by Sharp uses ten-key notation. Notice the size and placement of the keys, including the extra-large "+/=" and the red "-/=" keys.]]▼
{{see|Keypad}}
▲[[File:Sharp EL-1192D Calculator.jpg|thumb|This printing calculator made by Sharp uses ten-key notation. Notice the size and placement of the keys, including the extra-large "+/=" and the red "-/=" keys.]]
The '''ten-key notation''' input method first became popular with accountants' [[adding machine|paper tape adding machines]]. It generally makes the assumption that entered numbers are being summed, although other operations are supported. Each number entered is followed by its sign (+/−), and a running total is kept. An assumption is made that the last operand can be implicitly used next, so by just entering another + (for example), one will reuse the most recent operand. Ten key input mode is available in printing calculators from companies such as [[Sharp Corporation|Sharp]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://siica.sharpusa.net/Business-Products/Calculators |title=SIICA.sharpusa.com > Resources > More Products > Calculators |website=siica.sharpusa.net}}</ref> and in software calculators like Judy's TenKey<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.judysapps.com/TenKey.htm |title=Award-Winning Judy's TenKey Accounting Calculator for Windows |website=www.judysapps.com}}</ref> used by accounting firms. Online tenkey training and certification tools are available as well,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.learn2type.com/typingtest/tenkeycertificate.cfm |title=Ten Key Certificate on Learn2Type.com! |website=Learn2Type.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.abbyinc.com/abbyinc/KeyPro.asp |title=None |access-date=16 June 2023}}</ref> and some businesses use [[words per minute#Numeric entry|ten key typing speed]] as an employment criterion.
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=={{anchor|Textbook}}Mathematical display==
{{See also|Prettyprint}}
[[File:CalculatorFractions-5550x.jpg|thumb|200x200px|A Casio ''Natural Display'' scientific calculator displaying mixed fractions and their decimal equivalents in pretty-printing]]
[[File:Mathematica dinis surface.png|left|thumb|Pretty-printed commands used to plot [[Dini's surface]] in Mathematica]]
Modern computer algebra systems, as well as many scientific and graphing calculators, allow for "'''pretty-printing'''", that is, entry of equations such that [[Fraction (mathematics)|fractions]], [[Nth root#Definition and notation|surds]] and [[integral]]s, etc. are displayed in the way they would normally be written. Such calculators are generally similar in appearance to those using infix notation, but feature a full dot-matrix display and templates for entering expressions, which are navigated using arrow keys on the calculator. The templates contain spaces for values or expressions to be entered, and empty values would typically result in a syntax error, making it more cumbersome to navigate than standard infix notation; standard infix notation is often an option on such calculators as well.
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