Dart (programming language): Difference between revisions

Revision as of 20:34, 16 August 2025

Latest revision as of 14:56, 28 August 2025

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Dart 2.0 was released in August 2018 with language changes including a type system.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://medium.com/dartlang/dart-2-stable-and-the-dart-web-platform-3775d5f8eac7|title=Announcing Dart 2 Stable and the Dart Web Platform|last=Moore|first=Kevin|date=2018-08-07|website=Dart|access-date=2018-08-08}}</ref>

In November 2019, Dart 2.6 introduced a new extension, <code>dart2native</code>. This extended native compilation to the Linux, macOS, and Windows desktop platforms.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dart language evolution |url=https://dart.dev/guides/language/evolution |access-date=2023-06-20 |website=dart.dev |language=en}}</ref> Earlier developers could create new tools using only Android or iOS devices. With this extension, developers could deploy a program into self-contained executables. The Dart SDK doesn't need to be installed to run these self-contained executables.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dart overview |url=https://dart.dev/overview.html |access-date=2023-05-12 |website=dart.dev |language=en }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> The [[Flutter (software)|Flutter]] toolkit integrates Dart, so it can compile on small services like backend support.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.infoworld.com/article/3454623/dart-26-brings-native-compilation-to-the-desktop.html|title=Dart 2.5 brings native compilation to the desktop|website=Infoworld|date=20 November 2019|access-date=2019-11-28}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sdtimes.com/goog/dart-2-6-released-with-dart2native/|title=Dart 2.6 released with dart2native|website=SDtimes|date=7 November 2019|access-date=2019-11-28}}</ref>

Dart 3.0 was released in May 2023<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dart language evolution |url=https://dart.dev/guides/language/evolution |access-date=2024-01-09 |website=dart.dev |language=en}}</ref> with changes to the type system to require sound null safety. This release included new features like records, patterns,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Patterns |url=https://dart.dev/language/patterns.html |access-date=2023-05-12 |website=dart.dev |language=en }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> and class modifiers.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://dart.dev/language/class-modifiers/|title=Class modifiers|website=dart.dev}}</ref>

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<syntaxhighlight lang="dart">

void main() {

print('Hello, World!');

}

</syntaxhighlight>

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<syntaxhighlight lang="dart">

void main() {

for (varint i = 1; i <= 10; i++) {

print(i);

}

}

</syntaxhighlight>

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<syntaxhighlight lang="dart">

void main() {

var int i = 20;

print('fibonacci($i) = ${fibonacci(i)}');

}

/// Computes the nth Fibonacci number.

int fibonacci(int n) {

return n < 2 ? n : (fibonacci(n - 1) + fibonacci(n - 2));

}

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class Point {

// Final variables cannot be changed once they are assigned.

// Declare two instance variables.

final num x, y;

// A constructor, with syntactic sugar for setting instance variables.

// The constructor has two mandatory parameters.

Point(this.x, this.y);

// A named constructor with an initializer list.

Point.origin():

: x = 0, y = 0;

y = 0;

// A method.

num distanceTo(Point other) {

var num dx = x - other.x;

var num dy = y - other.y;

return math.sqrt(dx * dx + dy * dy);

}

// Example of a "getter".

// Acts the same as a final variable, but is computed on each access.

num get magnitude => math.sqrt(x * x + y * y);

// Example of operator overloading

Point operator +(Point other) => Point(x + other.x, y + other.y);

// When instantiating a class such as Point in Dart 2+, new is

// an optional word

}

// All Dart programs start with main().

void main() {

// Instantiate point objects.

var Point p1 = Point(10, 10);

print(p1.magnitude);

var Point p2 = Point.origin();

var num distance = p1.distanceTo(p2);

print(distance);

}

</syntaxhighlight>