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{{Short description|Indian actor (1899–1990)}}
{{For|the 1994 Indian film on him|Mani Madhava Chakyar: The Master at Work}}
{{Use British English|date=March 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2020}}
{{Infobox person
| honorific_prefix = Nāṭyācārya [[Padma Shri|Padma Śrī]]
| name = Mani Madhava Chakyar
| honorific_suffix = Vidūṣakaratnaṁ
| image = Mani Madhava Chakyar.jpg
| imagesize =
| caption = Mani Madhava Chakyar
| birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1899|02|15}}
| birth_place = Karayad,[[Perambra]] [[Kozhikode]], [[British India]] (present-day [[Kerala]], India)
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1990|01|14|1899|02|14}}
| death_place = [[Ottappalam]], [[Kerala]], India
| yearsactive = 1910–1990
| occupation =
| spouse = P. K. Kunjimalu Nangiaramma
| website =
| awards = 1964: [[Sangeet Natak Akademi Award]]<br />1964: [[Paderewski]] Foundation (New York) Certificate of Merit<br />1974: [[Padma Shri]]<br />1975: [[Kerala Sahitya Akademi Award]]<br />1976: [[Kerala Sangeetha Nataka Akademi Fellowship]]<br />1982: [[List of Sangeet Natak Akademi fellows|Sangeet Natak Akademi Fellowship]]<br />1982: [[Govt. of India]] Emeritus Fellowship<br />1982: Kalidasa Academy Fellowship<br />1983: [[Kerala Kalamandalam]] Fellowship<br />1987: [[Tulsi Samman]]<br />1991: [[Guruvayur Temple|Guruvayoorappan]] Sammanam
}}
[[Guru]] '''Mani Madhava Chakyar''' ([[IAST]]: ''Māṇi Mādhava Cākyār'')
(15 February 1899 – 14 January 1990) was a celebrated master performance artist<ref>{{Citation
| title=Cultural News from India
| url=https://books.google.com/books?q=chakyar&um=1&start=80
| publisher=[[Indian Council for Cultural Relations]], [[Govt. of India]]
| year= 1982
| page= 77
}}</ref> and [[Sanskrit]] scholar
<ref name = "rss">{{Citation
| editor-link=Radha Vallabh Tripathi
| editor-last=Tripathi
| editor-first=Radha Vallabh
| title=INVENTORY OF SANSKRIT SCHOLARS
| publisher=RASHTRIYA SANSKRIT SANSTHAN, New Delhi
| year=2012
| isbn= 978-93-86111-85-2
| pages= 38
}}</ref>
from [[Kerala]], India, considered to be the greatest [[Chakyar Koothu]] and [[Koodiyattam]] (ancient [[Sanskrit]] drama theatre tradition) artist and authority of modern times.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2006/20060416/spectrum/main2.htm| title=Spectrum| publisher=The Sunday Tribune, 16 April 2006| access-date=29 June 2007| archive-date=30 September 2007| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930041352/http://www.tribuneindia.com/2006/20060416/spectrum/main2.htm| url-status=live}}</ref><ref name = "oxford">{{Citation
| editor-link=Ananda Lal
| editor-last=Lal
| editor-first=Ananda
| title=The Oxford Companion to Indian Theatre
| publisher=[[Oxford University Press]], USA
| year=2004
| isbn= 978-0-19-564446-3
| pages= 75–76
}}</ref> He was considered as the authority of ''[[Abhinaya]]'' (the classical Indian acting style) and ''[[Nātyaśāstra]]''.
Known as "the Emperor of [[Rasa (aesthetics)|Rasa-Abhinaya]]",<ref>[[Akavur Narayanan]], ''Shatam Jiva Sharadah'', [[Mathrubhumi|Mathrubhumi weekly]], March (15–21) 1987, p. 20.</ref> he had an exceptional ability to perform ''Rasa-Abhinaya''.<ref>enacting different sentiments in their perfection</ref> His ''Netrābhinaya''<ref>enacting different sentiments, etc. through the beautiful and masterly movements of eyes only</ref> was world-famous and he had the ability to act only with eyes. He was well versed in all the traditional Koodiyattams and all the ''prabandhas'' used in [[Chakyar Koothu]]. He was able to explain the concepts, methods and practices of [[Koodiyattam]] and Chakyar Koothu in a clear and authentic way. He had an in depth study of ''[[Nātyaśāstra]]'' of [[Bharata Muni]], as well as ways of acting which were popular in [[Kerala]]. His knowledge and mastery over both theory and practice of Koodiyattam were superb. He was a veteran teacher and practitioner of these art forms and Sanskrit.<ref>{{cite news |title=On a mission of a cultural sort |date=17 June 2005 |url=http://www.hindu.com/fr/2005/06/17/stories/2005061702540300.htm |access-date=21 July 2007 |archive-date=26 October 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071026054003/http://www.hindu.com/fr/2005/06/17/stories/2005061702540300.htm |newspaper=[[The Hindu]] |url-status=dead }}</ref>
He was the first one to take Koodiyattam and Chakyar Koothu outside the precincts of the temples of Kerala to all over India and to impart training in Kudiyattam to non-[[Chakyar]] disciples including foreigners. He had produced many disciples in [[Kutiyattam]] and other classical arts like [[Kathakali]].<ref name = "oxford"/> He was a Sanskrit scholar and was used to give lectures and talks in Sanskrit.
He is the author of ''[[Nātyakalpadrumam]]'' – an encyclopaedic treatise on all aspects of Koodiyattam. He was a [[Fellow]] of national art academies including [[Sangeet Natak Akademi]]<ref>supreme state art academy of [[Govt. of India]]</ref> and recipient of coveted titles like "''Nātyāchārya''", "''Vidūshakaratnam''" and awards including [[Padma Shri]] and [[Sangeet Natak Akademi Award]].
==Early life and
[[Image:Mani Madhava Chakyar as Ravana.jpg|thumb|left|Chakyar as ''[[Ravana]]'', at the age of 89, at [[Tripunithura]]. It was one of his last public Koodiyattam performances]]
Mani Madhava Chakyar was born on 15 February 1899, in his ancestral home at Thiruvangayoor near Karayad,near [[Perambra]] of [[Kozhikode]] district of Kerala. His father was Vishnu Sarma and mother was Savithri Illotamma. He belonged to the Mani family of [[Chakyar]]s of North Kerala, who for centuries have been the custodians of Koodiyattam – the traditional Sanskrit theatre - and Chakyar Koothu, another classical art form based on Sanskrit Champu [[Kavya]]s.{{Citation needed|date=October 2018}}
He trained in Chakyar Koothu and Koodiyattam in traditional way, under the direct guidance of his uncles who were great scholars and masters of these art forms. They were Guru Māni Parameswara Chakyar, Guru Māni Neelakandha Chakyar and Guru Māni Narayana Chakyar.<ref name = "oxford"/> He belonged to the "Mani" tradition of Koodiyattam and Chakyar Koothu which gives importance to both ''Rasa-abhinaya'' and ''Vachika-abhinaya''.{{Citation needed|date=October 2018}}
Chakyar was a [[Sanskrit]] scholar and gave lectures in Sanskrit. He studied ''Alankarashastra'', ''[[Nātyaśāstra]]'', ''[[Vyakarana]]'', ''[[Nyaya]]'', ''[[Jyotisha]]'', etc. in the traditional way, under scholars such as ''Panditaratnam'' Pazhedathu Sankaran Nampoothiripad. He was the student of Darsanakalanidhi Rama Varma Parikshith Thampuran (the [[Maharaja of Cochin]]). He had his higher studies in ''Nyayashastra'' and ''Natya Shastra'' under him. Chakyar taught Sanskrit at Balakollasini Sanskrita Pathasala of [[Killikkurussimangalam]].{{Citation needed|date=October 2018}}
His first performance (''Arangettam'') of Koodiyattam was at the age of 14 at ''Trikkaikkunnu Temple'' of North Kottayam of [[Malabar district|Malabar]]. He performed the huge number of ''Atiyantara koothu''s of Mani family (the koothus which are assigned to the family from ancient times) in large number of temples stretching from Malabar to Thrissur. It consist of all devotional ritualistic [[Koothu]]s and [[Koodiyattam|Kudiyattam]]s including ''Anguliyanka'', ''[[Mattavilasa Prahasana]]'', ''Mantranka'', ''Ezhamanka'' (seventh act of ''Ascharyachoodamani'') about eight decades continuously in temples of Kerala. It includes ancient Kerala temples such as Matayikkavu [[Bhagavati|Bhagavathi Temple]] of [[Kannoor]], [[Taliparamba]] [[Rajarajeshwara Temple]], [[Kottiyoor]] Perumal Temple, [[Lokanarkavu Temple]] of [[Vatakara]], Thali (Tali) [[Shiva|Siva]] Temple of [[Kozhikode]], [[Thirunavaya]] Navamukunda temple, [[Thiruvegappura]] Sree Mahadeva Temple, Pandamangalam [[Krishna]] temple of [[Kottakkal]], Kotakkal Vishwambhara (Shiva) temple, Kallekkulagara Emoor Siva temple, [[Triprayar]] [[Sri Rama]] temple, Peruvanam Shiva temple of [[Cherpu]], [[Avittathur]] Shiva Temple etc. Chakyar won high renown for the artistry of his performance in these temples, as well as in many others.{{Citation needed|date=October 2018}}
He married P. K. Kunjimalu Nangiaramma, the daughter of his uncle, Mani Parameshwara Chakyar. She was an exponent in female characters of Kudiyattams and [[Nangiǎr Kūthu]] and various [[Raga]]s and [[Shloka]]s used for the art form. She used to accompany him in the performances.<ref name="The Art of Mohiniyāttam">{{Citation
| author-link=Bharati Shivaji
| last=Shivaji
| first=Bharati
| title=The Art of Mohiniyāttam
| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_g87AAAAMAAJ&q=mani+madhava
| publisher=Lancer International
| year=1986
| isbn=978-81-7062-003-7
| page=28
| access-date=10 October 2007
| archive-date=24 May 2011
| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110524124800/http://www.google.co.in/books?id=_g87AAAAMAAJ&q=mani+madhava&dq=mani+madhava&pgis=1
| url-status=live
}}</ref>
==Master of Rasa-Abhinaya==
[[Image:Mani Madhava Chakyar-Sringara-new.jpg|thumb|left|<div style="text-align: center;border:none">''[[Sringāra]]'' Rasa-abhinaya of Guru Māni Mādhava Chākyār.</div>]]
He is considered as the all-time great master of ''Rasa-abhinaya'' (enacting sentiments in their perfection) with special reference to ''Netrābhinaya'' (enacting sentiments, etc. through the beautiful and masterly movements of eyes only). He was exceptionally well in the field of ''Satwika-Abhinaya''. He is considered as "one of the most wonderful theatre actors of the last century".<ref>''[[Sruti magazine|Sruti]]'' - ''India's premier Music and Dance magazine'', [[Chennai]], March 2008 {{cite web |url=http://www.sruti.com/2008/sruti_magazine_mar_2008.php |title=Sruti:Magazine - March 2008 Issue |access-date=2008-10-22 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080516091559/http://www.sruti.com/2008/sruti_magazine_mar_2008.php |archive-date=16 May 2008}}</ref>
He was known for his roles (which has importance of ''Satvika-Abhinaya'' in Koodiyattams) like Ravana (''Katti vesha''), [[Arjuna]] (''Pacha vesha''), Udayana (''Pacha vesha''), Jeemootavahana (''Pazhukka vesha'') etc.<ref name = vraghavan>Dr. V Raghavan, [https://books.google.com/books?id=O_U7AAAAMAAJ&q=mani+madhava p.21] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110524125225/http://www.google.co.in/books?id=O_U7AAAAMAAJ&dq=mani+madhava&q=mani+madhava&pgis=1#search |date=24 May 2011 }} ''Natya'', Bharatiya Natya Sangh, 1962.</ref>
His abhinaya of Kailasoddhārana (lifting of [[Kailasa]]) and Pārvatī Viraha (separation of [[Pārvatī]]),<ref name = "nylib">{{Citation
| author=New York Public Library
| title=Bibliographic Guide to Dance 1989
| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-UAbAAAAMAAJ&q=mani+madhava+chakyar
| publisher=[[New York Public Library]]
| year=1990
| isbn=978-0-8161-7127-9
| page=311
| access-date=3 February 2008
| archive-date=11 October 2020
| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201011164713/https://books.google.co.in/books?id=-UAbAAAAMAAJ&dq=mani+madhava+chakyar&lr=&hl=en
| url-status=live
}}</ref><ref name = "sngfilm">{{cite web| url=http://www.sangeetnatak.com/film.htm| title=Films of Sangeet Natak Akademi, New Delhi| access-date=15 March 2006| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927131850/http://www.sangeetnatak.com/film.htm| archive-date=27 September 2007| url-status=dead}}</ref> enriched with the Netrabinaya and ''Pakarnnaattam'' – Abhinaya (actor playing the role of another or more than one character shifting constantly without changing costume), were widely acclaimed.
He was known for the abhinaya of the slokas like ''"sikhinishalabham.."'' of the play ''Subhadradhananjayam'' by playing it with mere eyes. He was able to act in detail the [[Moth]]s falling in and out of the lamp fire by evoking his Netrabhinaya, with assigning different rasa's for female moth, male moth and the fire.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.hindu.com/br/2007/07/31/stories/2007073150031600.htm |title=Indigenous Sanskrit theatre form|work=The Hindu|date=2007-07-31 |access-date=2013-09-30 |archive-date=7 April 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080407200110/http://www.hindu.com/br/2007/07/31/stories/2007073150031600.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> Guru's Abhinaya of the shloka ''smaramyavandhyadhipateh sutayah'' (स्मराम्यवन्त्यािधपतेः सुतायाः) from [[Bhasa]]'s [[Swapnavasawadattam]] is also widely acclaimed one.{{Citation needed|date=October 2018}}
==Reforming the art form==
[[Image:Thoranayudham- Madras1.jpg|thumb|left|Chakyar and his troop performing ''Thoranayudham''<ref>A part of [[Bhasa]]'s play ''Abhiṣeka Nataka'' based on the epic [[Ramayana]].</ref> Koodiyattam (1962– Chennai). It was the first Koodiyattam performance outside Kerala. Mani Madhava Chakyar as ''Ravana'', Mani Neelakandha Chakyar as ''[[Hanuman]]'', [[Mani Damodara Chakyar]] as ''[[Vibhishana]]'' & PK.G Nambiar as ''Shankukarna''.]]
In 1949 he performed Chakyar Koothu for [[All India Radio]], which was the first time the art was performed outside [[Koothambalam]]. In 1955, under his leadership, Kutiyattam was performed outside the temple for the first time<ref name = "oxford"/> in his village at Killikkurussimangalam. For performing the art forms outside the temples he faced lot of objections from the Chakyar community.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://nri.mathrubhumi.com/story.php?id=12864&cat=21&sub=125 |title=Akavoor Narayanan |publisher=Nri.mathrubhumi.com |access-date=2013-09-30 |archive-date=11 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201011164714/https://www.mathrubhumi.com/nri |url-status=live }}</ref> In an interview, he remembered {{blockquote|My own people condemned my action (performing Koothu and Kutiyattam outside the precincts of the temples), Once, after I had given performances at [[Vaikom]], they even thought about excommunicating me. I desired that this art should survive the test of time. That was precisely why I ventured outside the temple.<ref name="ReferenceA">''Mani Madhava Chakkyar: The Master at Work'', K.N. Panikar, Sangeet Natak Akademi New Delhi, 1994</ref>}}
In 1962, under the leadership of [[V. Raghavan]]- an art and Sanskrit scholar - ''Sanskrit Ranga'' of [[Chennai|Madras]] invited Chakyar to perform Kutiyattam there. This was the first time Kutiyattam was performed outside Kerala by his troupe.<ref>{{Citation
| title=The Samskrita Ranga Annual
| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=a_MvAAAAIAAJ&q=mani+madhava+cakyar
| publisher=Samskrita Ranga, Madras
| year=1963
| pages=10, 89
| access-date=2 January 2008
| archive-date=24 May 2011
| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110524125231/http://www.google.co.in/books?id=a_MvAAAAIAAJ&q=mani+madhava+cakyar&dq=mani+madhava+cakyar&pgis=1
| url-status=live
}}</ref><ref>{{Citation
| author1=Venkatarama Raghavan
| author2=A. L. Mudaliar
| title=Bibliography of the Books, Papers & Other Contributions of Dr. V. Raghavan
| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7t8ZAAAAMAAJ&q=mani+madhava
| publisher=New Order Book Co., India
| year=1968
| pages=240, 370
| access-date=2 January 2008
| archive-date=24 May 2011
| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110524125238/http://www.google.co.in/books?id=7t8ZAAAAMAAJ&dq=mani+madhava&lr=
| url-status=live
}}</ref>
<ref name="Ananda K 1980 p. 150">[[Ananda K. Coomaraswamy|Ananda Kentish Coomaraswamy]] and Venkateswarier Subramaniam, "The Sacred and the Secular in India's Performing Arts: [[Ananda K. Coomaraswamy]] Centenary Essays"(1980), Ashish Publishers, p. 150.</ref>
They performed at Madras on three nights, showing Kutiyattam scenes from three plays: Abhiṣeka, Subhadrādhanañjaya and Nāgānanda.<ref>{{Citation
| title=The Samskrita Ranga Annual
| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vW2O6954zhsC&q=mani+madhava+chakyar
| publisher=Samskrita Ranga, Madras
| year=1967
| page=77
| access-date=3 February 2008
| archive-date=11 October 2020
| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201011164715/https://books.google.co.in/books?id=vW2O6954zhsC&q=mani+madhava+chakyar&dq=mani+madhava+chakyar&lr=&pgis=1&hl=en
| url-status=live
}}</ref>
Chakyar's performance made great impact on the people and art critics so that the artform and Chakyar himself became known outside Kerala.<ref name = vraghavan/> He was then invited to perform Kutiyattam at various places in North India during 1964, such as [[New Delhi]] and [[Banaras]].<ref>
{{Citation
| author-link=Akavoor Narayanan
| last= Narayanan
| first=Dr. Akavoor
| title=Vyakthivivekam (Essays)
| publisher=Poorna Publishers
| year=2006
| isbn= 978-81-7180-858-8
| pages= 11, 75
}}
</ref>
After Chakyar's first tour to New Delhi, he was awarded the [[Sangeet Natak Akademi Award]] in 1964 for his contributions to Chakyar Koothu and Kutiyattam. This was his first national recognition.{{Citation needed|date=October 2018}}
He performed Kudiyattam all over India and popularised the same. He along with his troop did Koodiyattam performance in places like [[Chennai|Madras]] (1962, 1973 & 1977), [[Madhura]] (1962), New Delhi (1964, 1966, 1974, 1979 & 1983), [[Banaras|Varanasi]] (1964 & 1979), [[Mumbai|Bombay]] (1973 & 1977), [[Ujjain]] (1982), [[Bhopal]] (1987) etc.{{Citation needed|date=October 2018}}
The [[President of India]], [[Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan]], invited him to perform Kutiyattam at [[Rashtrapati Bhavan]] in 1964 and was impressed by his exceptional acting skill. His Kutiyattam performances, lectures and demonstrations at well-known centres such as the Madras Music Academy, the International Centre for Kathakali in New Delhi, the Experimental Theatre in New Delhi and Bombay and the [[National Centre for the Performing Arts (India)|National Centre for the Performing Arts]] in Bombay brought him wide popularity and recognition.{{Citation needed|date=October 2018}}
He choreographed and directed acts of the plays like [[Kalidasa]]'s ''[[The Recognition of Sakuntala|Abhijñānaśākuntala]]'', ''[[Vikramuurvashiiya|Vikramorvaśīya]]'' and ''[[Mālavikāgnimitra]]''; [[Bhasa]]'s ''[[Swapnavāsavadatta]]''<ref>{{Citation
| title=The Samskrita Ranga Annual
| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YfQvAAAAIAAJ&q=madhava+chakyar
| publisher=Samskrita Ranga, Madras
| year=1987
| page=176
| access-date=6 March 2019
| archive-date=11 October 2020
| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201011164716/https://books.google.com/books?id=YfQvAAAAIAAJ&q=madhava+chakyar&dq=madhava+chakyar&hl=en
| url-status=live
}}</ref> and ''[[Pancharātra]]''; [[Harsha]]'s ''[[Nagananda]]'' for the first time in the history of Koodiyattam. He along with his troupe performed these Kutiyattams all over India.<ref name = "gurukulam">{{cite news|url=http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/fr/2005/03/25/stories/2005032502310300.htm|title=New life for Koodiyattom act|newspaper=The Hindu|date=25 March 2005|access-date=1 September 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071111172358/http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/fr/2005/03/25/stories/2005032502310300.htm|archive-date=11 November 2007|url-status=usurped}}</ref>
When his guru, Rama Varma Parikshith Thampuran, wrote a new Sanskrit ''champu prabandha'' called ''[[Prahlādacharita]]'' and requested senior artists to study and perform the same on the Chakyar Koothu stage, they said it was impossible for them to stage such a new ''prabandha''. Then Thampuran asked Chakyar, who was then a comparatively young artist, to try. He agreed and studied a part of the ''prabandha'' within one night and performed the same on the next day at [[Tripunithura]] – the then capital of [[Cochin]] state (1962). The incident made the scholars to accept his mastery over both Sanskrit and the classical art form. After some months, he performed entire ''Prahlādacharita '' at the same stage.{{Citation needed|date=October 2018}}
He performed Chakyar Koothu and Koodiyattam for [[All India Radio]] and [[Doordarshan]] for the first time, which helped to attract thousands of listeners to these traditional art forms. It was he who started '''[[Demonstration (people)|demonstrations]]''' in Kudiyattam to popularise the same.{{Citation needed|date=October 2018}}
==Teaching==
[[Image:Vidushaka-Mani Madhava Chakyar.jpg|thumb|right|Guru Mani Madhava Chakyar performing [[Chakyar Koothu]]]]
He is considered the greatest guru of Kutiyattam of the modern times, producing many accomplished disciples.<ref name = "oxford"/> He taught Koodiyattam for the first time to a non-[[Chakyar]] – [[Nambiar (Ambalavasi)|Nambiar]] caste member. He was a Polish student named Maria Christopher Byrski<ref>He later became Polish Government Ambassador to India. Now at Warsaw University. He has written numerous articles about Sanskrit drama traditions, and Kutiyattam</ref> (currently at Department of [[Indology]], [[Warsaw University]]), who was then a research student at [[Banaras Hindu University]], came to study the only surviving ancient [[Sanskrit drama]] Koodiyattam, from Guru around the early 1960s. He stayed at Guru Mani Madhava Chakyar's home and studied Koodiyattam in its traditional ''[[Gurukula]]'' way. Lot of research scholars came to study the [[Sanskrit drama]] from the ultimate exponent of Kutiyattam and Abhinaya Mani Madhava Cakyar. Dr. Farley Richmond ([[University of Georgia]], USA), noted Sanskrit drama scholar also studied about the ancient Sanskrit art form under Mani Madhava Chakyar by staying at his home at [[Killikkurussimangalam]]. He had filmed Rasa Abhinaya and Kutiyattam of the maestro.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/mp/2006/12/16/stories/2006121601660100.htm |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130125170610/http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/mp/2006/12/16/stories/2006121601660100.htm |url-status=usurped |archive-date=2013-01-25 |title=Bowled over by Koodiyattam |publisher=The Hindu, 16 December 2006 }}</ref> [[Kamaladevi Chattopadhyay]] of All-India Handicrafts Board came to Guru Maani Madhava Cakyar's home to do research about the costumes used in Kutiyattam (Ahāryābhinaya) (1967). Indian theatre scholar Goverdhan Panjal ([[National School of Drama]]) studied about Koothambalams and Kutiyattam under the Guru (1975).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.newindpress.com/NewsItems.asp?ID=IEX20060803235248 |title=Searching the soul of Indian theatre |publisher=New Indian Express, 4 August 2006 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929103029/http://www.newindpress.com/NewsItems.asp?ID=IEX20060803235248 |archive-date=29 September 2007}}</ref>
When [[Kerala Kalamandalam]] (a school for the performing arts) was founded by [[Vallathol Narayana Menon]], he invited authority of ''Rasa-abhinaya'', Mani Madhava Chakyar as the master trainer for ''Rasa-abhinaya'' to the [[Kathakali]] students. Later Kathakali Yogam- Katathandu, Kerala Kalamandalam, PSV Natyasangham- [[Kottakkal]] and [[Gandhi Seva Sadan|Gandhi Seva Sadanam Kathakali Academy]]- Perur used his services as visiting professor of ''Rasa-abhinaya'' and taught advanced students in Kathakali and Kutiyattam.<ref>{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20070516170852/http://www.kathakalisadanam.com/achievements.htm ''Gurus'', Perur Gandhi seva Sadanam]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.keralatourism.org/leadinglights/gandhi-seva-sadan-11.php |title=Gandhi Seva Sadan, Kerala tourism board |publisher=Keralatourism.org |access-date=2013-09-30 |archive-date=2 October 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131002120838/http://www.keralatourism.org/leadinglights/gandhi-seva-sadan-11.php |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url=http://grass-roots.in/cache/index.php/7791| title=''The Statesman'', 24 July 2006| url-status=dead| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928175755/http://grass-roots.in/cache/index.php/7791| archive-date=28 September 2007}}</ref>
He is known as ''"the master who gave eyes to Kathakali"''. His influence on the classical performing arts of Kerala is famous. Many Koodiyattam, [[Kathakali]], [[Bharatanatyam]] and [[Mohiniyattam]] artists were trained by this great master.<ref>{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20070207041917/http://www.kathakalisadanam.com/achievements.htm Kathakali Sadanam, – Kathakali and Classic Arts Akademy in Ottapalam Taluk, Kerala, India]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author=CIL |url=http://ignca.nic.in/nl002404.htm#Abhinaya |title=Events |publisher=Ignca.nic.in |access-date=2013-09-30 |archive-date=1 October 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131001201136/http://ignca.nic.in/nl002404.htm#Abhinaya |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://narthaki.com/info/intervw/intrvw61.html |title=Interview – Smitha Rajan – A Journey in Mohiniyattam.... by Anu Chellappa |publisher=Narthaki.com |date=2004-01-23 |access-date=2013-09-30 |archive-date=28 March 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070328225738/http://narthaki.com/info/intervw/intrvw61.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite book
|author1=K. L. Gupta |author2=Ravi Bhushan |author3=Anurag Gupta |title=Reference India: Illustrated Biographical Notes on Men & Women of Achievements and Distinctions
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Jv8ZAAAAIAAJ&q=mani+madhava
|publisher=Tradesman & Men India
|year=1976
|page=80}}
</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.hindu.com/fr/2011/03/04/stories/2011030451030300.htm | ___location=Chennai, India | title=Torchbearer of tradition | date=4 March 2011 | access-date=17 July 2011 | archive-date=10 November 2012 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121110065258/http://www.hindu.com/fr/2011/03/04/stories/2011030451030300.htm | work=[[The Hindu]] | url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.hindu.com/fr/2009/08/14/stories/2009081450800200.htm | ___location=Chennai, India | title=Kathakali must get new-generation viewers | date=14 August 2009 | access-date=17 July 2011 | archive-date=10 November 2012 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121110065308/http://www.hindu.com/fr/2009/08/14/stories/2009081450800200.htm | work=[[The Hindu]] | url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.hindu.com/2010/06/14/stories/2010061450140200.htm | ___location=Chennai, India | title=Age cannot wither this maestro | date=14 June 2010 | access-date=17 July 2011 | archive-date=18 August 2010 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100818235442/http://www.hindu.com/2010/06/14/stories/2010061450140200.htm | work=[[The Hindu]] | url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.hindu.com/2006/01/22/stories/2006012200560200.htm | ___location=Chennai, India | title=Making a habit of winning | date=22 January 2006 | access-date=17 July 2011 | archive-date=28 August 2012 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120828221533/http://www.hindu.com/2006/01/22/stories/2006012200560200.htm | work=[[The Hindu]] | url-status=dead }}</ref>
Kathakali artists including legendary [[Kalamandalam Krishnan Nair]], [[Guru Kelu Nair]], Guru [[Anand Shivram]], Guru Kalamandalam Madhavan, [[Guru Gopinath]], [[Sadanam Krishnankutty]] are his disciples.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.hindu.com/fr/2008/08/15/stories/2008081550640300.htm | ___location=Chennai, India | title=Unmatched thespian | date=15 August 2008 | access-date=17 July 2011 | archive-date=10 November 2012 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121110064956/http://www.hindu.com/fr/2008/08/15/stories/2008081550640300.htm | work=[[The Hindu]] | url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>[http://kerala4u.in/171/the_galaxy_of_gurus Great Gurus] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070607192554/http://kerala4u.in/171/the_galaxy_of_gurus |date=7 June 2007 }}</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070630103447/http://www.sruti.com/Assets/Sruti_box_Feb07/obituary_guru_govindan_kutty.pdf Obituary, Guru Govindan Kutty], [[Sruti magazine]], February 2007{{dead link|date=January 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/fr/2007/02/16/stories/2007021600800300.htm|title=Abhinaya, his forte|___location=Chennai, India|date=16 February 2007|access-date=10 May 2007|archive-date=24 February 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070224030551/http://www.hindu.com/fr/2007/02/16/stories/2007021600800300.htm|work=[[The Hindu]]|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite book
|last=Kutty
|first=Kalamandalam Govindan
|title=Kathakali: The Dance-Theatre
|publisher=The Asiatic Society, Kolkata
|year=2004}}
</ref>
Guru, who was an eminent teacher and performer opened a ''Gurukulam'' (training centre) in 1982 for teaching Kutiyattam, Chakyar Koothu, Nangyar Koothu and related art forms at Killikkurussimangalam (Lakkidi).<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.keralatourism.org/Training%20Centres%20of%20Kerala/centre_details.php?id=112| title=Training centres of Kerala, Kerala Govt.| url-status=dead| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071004220208/http://www.keralatourism.org/Training%20Centres%20of%20Kerala/centre_details.php?id=112| archive-date=4 October 2007}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.indiaheritage.org/perform/dance/dkerala.htm#Kutiyattam |title=Folk Dances of India- Kerala |publisher=Indiaheritage.org |access-date=2013-09-30 |archive-date=2 October 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131002075235/http://www.indiaheritage.org/perform/dance/dkerala.htm#Kutiyattam |url-status=live }}</ref> After Guru's death it was named as ''Padmasree Mani Madhava Chakyar Smaraka Gurukulam'' in memory of the Guru. This institution still keeps its tradition and plays a major role in Kutiyattam teaching, revival and performance.<ref name = "gurukulam"/>
Guru, who had dedicated his life to Kutiyattam was concerned about the fate of this classical art form. Māni Mādhava Chākyār's conversation with famous Bharatanatyam dancer [[Rukmini Devi Arundale]], when she visited Guru at his residence a year before his death, reflects his anxiety<ref>P.T. Narendra Menon, ''Kulapati of Koodiyattam'', Sruti- India's premier Music and Dance magazine, August 1990 issue (71), p.27.</ref>{{cquote|At least Bharatanatyam is now world famous, with thousands of new votaries. What about Koodiyattam?.....I have done what I can. It has not been easy. One has to sacrifice a lot to learn Koodiyattam. How many persons will be ready for it these days? Will there be an audience capable of imbibing it?}}
==Awards and honours==
Mani Madhava Chakyar received many titles, awards and degrees. He is one of the most felicitated artist from Kerala. His first major recognition came from HH Bhattan Thampuran<ref>greatest Sanskrit scholar of Kerala in this century</ref> (Bhatta [[Raja]]) of [[Kodungallur Kovilakam]] himself at the age of 22. Bhattan Thampuran awarded him with a ''Mudramothiram'' (signed ring) (1921). Mani Madhava Chakyar considered this Mudramothiram as the prestigious award that he ever got.<ref>K. A. Chandrahasan, ''In pursuit of excellence '' (Performing Arts), "The Hindu", Sunday 26 March 1989</ref>
He received the most prestigious sacred ''Vīrasringhala'' or ''Veerashringhala'' (It's a kind of Golden Bracelet, given to the greatest artist/scholar of that era) from [[Taliparamba]] [[Rajarajeshwara Temple]] (1923). He is the youngest one to receive this award, which is being given to the scholars of the supreme rank, only by the unanimous approval of a special body of temple consisting of eminent scholars. Till date no one else has received a Veerashringhala from there after Mani Madhava Chakyar.<ref>[https://archive.today/20091025211149/http://www.geocities.com/chavanapuzha/cmp-scholars.htm Scholars Honored] Best Namboodiri Site</ref> Another major Vīrasringhalas that he received are; from Valiya Thampuran of [[Kottakkal]] [[Kovilakam]] (1952), from Urpassikkavu of [[Thalassery]], from [[Jagadguru]] Shri [[Shankaracharya]] of [[Kanchi Kamakoti Peetham]] (1961), from [[Samoothiri]] Raja of Kozhikode, given at the eve of Koodiyattam performance at [[Guruvayur Sree Krishna Temple]] (1964) and from [[Tripunithura]] Kovilakam (1989).
He was honoured with ''ponnada'' (a kind of silk cloth given as a gesture of honour and respect) from Maharani ([[Queen regnant|Queen]]) Of [[Travancore]], presented through ''Mahakavi'' [[Ulloor S. Parameswara Iyer]] at Vaikom Mahadeva Temple. He was honoured by HH. Rajah of Palakkad with a ''Keshabharam Kireetam''<ref>Kind of [[Crown (headgear)|Crown]] used in Kutiyattam. See the crown in [[:Image:Mani Madhava Chakyar as Ravana.jpg]]</ref> at Hemambika Temple of Kallekkulangara (1962). He has received Gold Medals from Valiya Raja of Katathanadu, [[Pallikkunnu]] Bhagavathy Temple of [[Kannoor]], [[Avittathur]] (1962), Delhi [[Experimental theatre]] (1964) etc.
In 1930, he was awarded the title ''Nātyāchārya'' (''Guru of [[Natya]]'') by Kadathanadu Valiya Thampuran (Raja of [[Kadathanadu]]). He received the title ''Vidūshakaratna'', again from the Taliparamba Rajarajeshwara Temple (1954) for his excellence in performing "vidūshaka" in Koodiyattams. He was honoured by [[Fine Arts]] Society of [[Kochi, India|Kochi]] by giving the title ''Anushtanakalapravina''.
[[Government of India]] conferred [[Padma Shri]] (1974) and [[Emeritus]] [[Fellow]]ship (1982) on him. He was conferred by an honorary degree from [[Banaras Hindu University]] in 1964.
He has received major National and International Awards and Fellowships such as
* 1964 – [[Sangeet Natak Akademi Award]] (New Delhi)<ref>[http://www.sangeetnatak.com/sna/awardeeslist.htm Sangeet Natak Akademi official list of awardees] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120216050006/http://www.sangeetnatak.com/sna/awardeeslist.htm |date=16 February 2012 }}</ref> - ''first national recognition for a Koodiyattam/Chakyar Koothu artist''.
* 1964 – [[Paderewski]] Foundation (New York) Certificate of Merit – ''first international recognition for Koodiyattam''.
* 1974 – [[Padma Shri]]<ref>Govt. of India, Padma Shree Awardees http://www.india.gov.in/myindia/images/ps_awards.pdf {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110522114940/http://www.india.gov.in/myindia/images/ps_awards.pdf |date=22 May 2011 }}.</ref>
* 1975 – [[Kerala Sahitya Akademi Award]] – ''for the book [[Nātyakalpadrumam]]''
* 1975 – [[Kerala Sangeetha Nataka Akademi Fellowship]]<ref>[http://www.keralasangeethanatakaakademi.com/pdf/fellowship-list/koothu-koodiyattam.pdf Kerala Sangeetha Nataka Akademi official list] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111007025644/http://www.keralasangeethanatakaakademi.com/pdf/fellowship-list/koothu-koodiyattam.pdf |date=7 October 2011 }}</ref>
* 1982 – [[List of Sangeet Natak Akademi fellows|Sangeet Natak Akademi Fellowship]] (New Delhi)<ref>[http://www.sangeetnatak.com/sna/fellowslist.htm official list from Sangeet Natak Akademi] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101029184341/http://www.sangeetnatak.com/sna/fellowslist.htm |date=29 October 2010 }}</ref>
* 1982 – [[Government of India]] [[Emeritus]] [[Fellow]]ship<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=M5BkAAAAMAAJ&q=mani+madhava+chakyar+emeritus |title=p.156 Malayalam Literary Survey, published by Kēraḷa Sāhitya Akkādami, 1984 |access-date=2013-09-30 |year=1984 |archive-date=11 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201011164721/https://books.google.com/books?id=M5BkAAAAMAAJ&dq=mani+madhava+chakyar&q=mani+madhava+chakyar+emeritus&hl=en |url-status=live }}</ref>
* 1982 – Kalidasa Academy Fellowship (''Ratna Sadasyata'') (1982)
* 1983 – Kerala Kalamandalam Fellowship
* 1987 – [[Tulsi Samman]] of Govt. of [[Madhya Pradesh]]<ref>Kalidasa Academy, Ujjain {{cite web |url=http://ujjain.nic.in/kalidasa_academi/kalidasa_samaroh.htm |title=Welcome to Holy City Ujjain - Kalidasa Samoroh |access-date=2007-05-14 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070613165130/http://ujjain.nic.in/kalidasa_academi/kalidasa_samaroh.htm |archive-date=13 June 2007}}</ref><ref>Sunil Kothari, M.P. Government's cultural awards, [[Sruti magazine|Sruti]]. Issue 31, Apr 1987, p. 4-5 {{OCLC|79366285}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=M.P. Government's cultural awards: Kathak, Koodiyattam & Veena maestros receive Sammans. (Article, 1987) |publisher=[WorldCat.org] |date=2 February 2011 |oclc = 79366285}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=E-VtAAAAMAAJ&q=mani+madhava+chakyar |title=Manorama Year Book 1988 |access-date=2013-09-30 |year=1988 |archive-date=11 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201011164724/https://books.google.com/books?id=E-VtAAAAMAAJ&q=mani+madhava+chakyar&dq=mani+madhava+chakyar&hl=en |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mpculture.in/html/tulsiaward.asp |title=Department of Culture, Govt. Of M.P |publisher=Mpculture.in |date=1982-02-13 |access-date=2013-09-30 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131019051933/http://www.mpculture.in/html/tulsiaward.asp |archive-date=19 October 2013}}</ref>
* 1991 – [[Guruvayur Temple|Guruvayoor]] Devaswam Award etc.<ref>[http://www.guruvayurdevaswom.org/cawards.shtml about Guruvayurappan Samman] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071221050910/http://www.guruvayurdevaswom.org/cawards.shtml |date=21 December 2007 }}</ref>
He was the first Chakyar Koothu and Koodiyattam artist to receive these.
He has received numerous Honours and Certificates from distinguished institutions and individuals such as ''Akhila Bharata Sanskrit Sammelan'' (World Sanskrit Conference) – New Delhi, Samskrita Ranga – Chennai, Fifth World Sanskrit Conference – [[Banaras]], ''[[Dr.S. Radhakrishnan]]'', [[Dr. Vibhuti Narayan Singh]] ([[Maharaja of Kasi]]), Satyanarayana Sinha, Bishnu Ram Medhi (Chief Minister of Assam), [[Sir C.P. Ramaswami Iyer]], Maharaja of [[Kollengode (gram panchayat)|Kollengode]], [[Vallathol Narayana Menon]], Dr. V. Raghavan, [[Rukmini Devi Arundale]], Dr. V.K Narayana Menon, [[Dr.Kapila Vatsyayan]] etc. etc.
Even though Guru Mani Madhava Chakkiyar received lot of national recognitions art critics widely believe that he truly deserved a lot more and recognitions came very late.<ref>Leela Venkatraman, ''An index of merit?'', "[[The Hindu]]", 27 December 1998 {{cite web |url=http://www.hinduonnet.com/folio/fo9812/98120100.htm |title=Archived copy |access-date=2007-05-16 |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070706121801/http://www.hinduonnet.com/folio/fo9812/98120100.htm |archive-date=6 July 2007}}</ref><ref>{{Citation
| author-link=M. Prabha
| last= Prabha
| first=M.
| title=The Waffle of the Toffs |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SqllAAAAMAAJ&q=mani+madhava
| publisher=Oxford & IBH
| year=2000
| isbn= 978-81-204-1359-7
| page= 95
}}
</ref> RKG (Editor, ''The Illustrated Weekly'', Columnist for ''[[Times of India]]'') observes,<ref>
{{Citation
| author-link=R.K. Gupta
| last=RKG
| title=India : A Nation in Turmoil |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pKkBbf7doAUC&q=Mani+Madhava+Chakyar&pg=RA1-PA256
| publisher=Vedam Books, New Delhi
| year=2000
| isbn= 978-81-7476-268-9
| page= 256
}}
</ref> {{cquote|..I felt angry when I learnt that a great artist like Mani Madhava Chakyar was awarded a mere Padma Shri. A man of his artistic genius and erudition deserved to be decorated with the highest state honour ([[Bharat Ratna]])}}
==Publications==
{{main|Nātyakalpadruma}}
He has written an authoritative, award-winning book (in [[Malayalam]]) on Koodiyattam called ''[[Nātyakalpadrumam]]'' (1975).<ref>{{cite book|title=Nāṭyakalpadrumam|oclc = 44811805}}</ref> This work is being used as a reference by scholars and students. ''Natyakalpadrumam'' deals with all aspects of Koodiyattam in a scientific and critical manner. This book is considered the encyclopaedia of Koodiyattam.<ref name="Ananda K 1980 p. 150"/> It won the prestigious ''[[Kerala Sahitya Akademi Award]]'' (1976).<ref>see section ''Miscellaneous'' {{cite web |url=http://www.dcbooks.com/Kerala.htm |title=Kerala Sahithya Academy Awards |access-date=2007-01-19 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070203082115/http://www.dcbooks.com/Kerala.htm |archive-date=3 February 2007}}</ref> This book is translated into [[Hindi]] by Sangeet Natak Akademi of New Delhi.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.accu.or.jp/ich/en/links/O_IND4-more.html| title=Books and films| publisher=[[Sangeet Natak Akademi]], New Delhi| access-date=10 May 2007| archive-date=9 July 2011| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110709224340/http://www.accu.or.jp/ich/en/links/O_IND4-more.html| url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Nāṭyakalpadruma : Kerala kī Kūṭiyāṭṭam nāṭyakalā kī rūparekhā(Hindi) in WorldCat|oclc = 44811805}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
|url = http://catalog.lib.washington.edu:2082/search?/aChakyar,+Mani+Madhava/achakyar+mani+madhava/-3%2C-1%2C0%2CB/frameset&FF=achakyar+mani+madhava&3%2C%2C3
|title = Natyakalpadruma (Hindi)
}}{{Dead link|date=September 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
One of his other book is ''Matha Vilasam'' (Mattavilasam 1968), the choreography and play part (actor's manual – ''Attaprakara'') used in ''Mattavilasaprahasana'' Kudiyattam.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0-VjAAAAMAAJ&q=mani+madhava|title=Mani Madhava Chakyar 1968|access-date=2013-09-30|isbn=9788170812999|last1=Malathi Devi|first1=K. K.|year=1995|publisher=Nag Publishers |archive-date=11 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201011164744/https://books.google.com/books?id=0-VjAAAAMAAJ&q=mani+madhava&dq=mani+madhava&hl=en|url-status=live}}</ref> He wrote the ''Attaprakara''s of Abhijñānaśākuntala, Swapnavāsavadatta, Vikramorvaśīya, Mālavikāgnimitra, Pancharātra and [[Nagananda]] (Not published).
His biography (in Malayalam), ''[[Mani Madhaveeyam]]'' (1999) was published by Department of Cultural Affairs Publications of the [[Government of Kerala]].<ref>Publications of Dept. of Culture, Kerala Govt. {{cite web|url=http://www.kerala.gov.in/dept_culture/books.htm |title=Archived copy |access-date=2008-02-15 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080215085741/http://www.kerala.gov.in/dept_culture/books.htm |archive-date=15 February 2008 }}</ref><ref>First published as a series in the Malayalam weekly – ''[[Kalakaumudi]]'' in 1991</ref> The book gives the picture of astonishing accomplishing and momentous life of the Guru. It gives an excellent account of his struggles and his lifelong devotion towards the art form. The book includes Guru's memoirs of his illustrious stage life spanning about 80 golden years. Book contains a lot of rare photos giving us an insight to maestro's both personal and theatre life.
Guru has written articles in various journals<ref>Mani Madhava Chakyar, "The Training Methods of ''Kudiyattam''", ''Sangeet Natak'', (special issue), no. 111-114</ref><ref>1971.[http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/83238782&referer=brief_results "Mani Madhava Chakyar". Kalamandalam Annual. 33–34.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201011164743/https://www.worldcat.org/title/mani-madhava-chakyar/oclc/83238782?referer=brief_results |date=11 October 2020 }}</ref> and presented number of papers in conferences on various aspects of Koodiyattam, Abhinaya, [[Raaga]]s, Natyasastra, Chakyar Koothu, Rasābhinaya in Kathakali etc.
{{Clear}}
==Films and documentaries==
There are several films and documentaries featuring Chakyar's Rasa-Abhinaya, Koodiyattam performances and life.
* ''[[Mani Madhava Chakyar: The Master at Work (film)|Mani Madhava Chakyar: The Master at Work]]'' (1994, English, [[Kavalam Narayana Panicker|Kavalam Narayana Panikar]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hindu.com/mag/2004/10/31/stories/2004103100780500.htm |title=renowned play writer, director, poet and fellow of Sangeet Natak Akademi and former secretary of Kerala Sangeet Natak Akademy |date=2004-10-31 |access-date=2013-09-30 |archive-date=1 October 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071001062136/http://www.hindu.com/mag/2004/10/31/stories/2004103100780500.htm |work=[[The Hindu]] |url-status=dead }}</ref> Central Sangeet Natak Academy, New Delhi) is a biographical film on the life and work of Chakyar.<ref name = "sngfilm"/><ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.accu.or.jp/ich/en/links/O_IND4-more.html| title=Asia-Pacific Database on Intangible Cultural Heritage| access-date=10 May 2007| archive-date=9 July 2011| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110709224340/http://www.accu.or.jp/ich/en/links/O_IND4-more.html| url-status=live}}</ref> The film contains an interview with Chakyar where he explains the difficulty he had to face from hardliners when he took the traditional art forms outside temple for the first time in 1949. The film contains a session focussed on Rasa abhinaya by Chakyar, where he enacts various [[Rasa (aesthetics)|Rasas]].
* ''Parvati Viraham: Mani Madhava Chakyar as Ravana'' (1993, English, Central Sangeet Natak Academy, New Delhi) features Chakyar as Ravana in the ''[[Pārvatī]] Viraham'' (''separation of Pārvatī'') in Koodiyattam form. It shows the ''Pārvatī Viraham'' part of the ''Ascharyachodamani'' Kutiyattam and includes the ''Pakarnnattam'' abhinaya.<ref name = "sngfilm"/>
* ''[[Manifestations of Shiva (film)|Manifestations of Shiva]]'' (1980, English, Malcolm Leigh & Stella Kramrisch, Philadelphia Museum of Art, [[Asia Society]], USA) is a critically acclaimed<ref>{{cite journal|title=Manifestations of Shiva by Malcolm Leigh|author=Joan L. Erdman|journal=Ethnomusicology|volume=27|issue=3 |date=Sep 1983|pages=577–579|jstor=850680|doi = 10.2307/850680}}</ref> documentary film; wherein Chakyar has performed as [[Lord Siva]] in Classical Indian dance form.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://ftvdb.bfi.org.uk/sift/individual/210250?view=credit| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091202003148/http://ftvdb.bfi.org.uk/sift/individual/210250?view=credit| url-status=dead| archive-date=2009-12-02|title=Mani Madhava Chakkiar|publisher=[[British Film Institute]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news| url=https://movies.nytimes.com/movie/157082/Manifestations-of-Shiva/overview| title=Manifestations of Shiva (1980)| first=C. Gerald| last=Fraser| access-date=10 February 2017| archive-date=4 June 2012| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120604043119/http://movies.nytimes.com/movie/157082/Manifestations-of-Shiva/overview| department=Movies & TV Dept.| work=[[The New York Times]]| date=2012| url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url=http://afifest.studiosystem.com/project.aspx?projectid=71353| title=Manifestations of Shiva| url-status=dead| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928052139/http://afifest.studiosystem.com/project.aspx?projectid=71353| archive-date=28 September 2007}}</ref>
* ''Kutiyattam - Sanskrit Theater of India''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.press.umich.edu/titleDetailDesc.do?id=6558|title=Kutiyattam Sanskrit Theater of India|author=Farley Richmond|publisher=[[University of Michigan Press]]|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041014112032/http://www.press.umich.edu/titleDetailDesc.do?id=6558|archive-date=14 October 2004}}</ref> (2002, English, Multimedia CD, Farley Richmond (University of Georgia), The [[University of Michigan]] Press, USA) contains rare videos of Chakyar's Rasa Abhinaya including glimpses of his Netrabhinaya.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.amazon.com/gp/cdp/member-reviews/A2PIDT5VXIVNPO?sort%5Fby=MostRecentReview |title=Reviews from |website=Amazon |access-date=2013-09-30 |archive-date=4 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304080033/http://www.amazon.com/gp/cdp/member-reviews/A2PIDT5VXIVNPO?sort_by=MostRecentReview |url-status=live }}</ref> The CD also contains the audios of recital of [[Shloka]]s and play parts by him.
* ''[[Kudiattam]]'' (1986, [[Hindi]], [[Prakash Jha]], India)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.prakashjhaproductions.com/kudiattam.html |title=Kudiattam (1986) |publisher=Prakashjhaproductions.com |access-date=2013-09-30 |archive-date=24 March 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090324130138/http://www.prakashjhaproductions.com/kudiattam.html |url-status=live }}</ref> features Chakyar's abhinaya and shows him explaining the concepts of Kutiyattam and its abhinaya techniques. It also features him teaching etc. This film has won Indian government's [[National Film Award for Best Arts/Cultural Film]] (1987).
* ''Mani Madhava Chakkiar'' (1977, English, Classic Films)<ref>"Mani Madhava Chakkiar", Classic Films, CS Krishnakumar, IA Iqbal</ref> is a documentary film about Chakyar. It shows his Abhinaya in different Kutiyattams, his Chakyar Koothu performance etc. It also gives a picture of his personal life.
* ''Guru Mani Madhava Chakyar'' (2009, [[Malayalam]], Krishnan Unni, Govt. of Kerala)<ref>[http://www.keralafilm.com/pdf/idsfk09_list.pdf ] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110717134040/http://www.keralafilm.com/pdf/idsfk09_list.pdf |date=17 July 2011 }}</ref> is a documentary about the guru. This project is by Information and Public Relations Dept. of Govt. of Kerala as part of capturing the eminent personalities in Kerala and to highlight their contribution to the State.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.hindu.com/2008/03/31/stories/2008033154320600.htm| title=State's stalwarts captured on screen| ___location=Chennai, India| date=31 March 2008| access-date=6 November 2008| archive-date=7 October 2008| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081007104737/http://www.hindu.com/2008/03/31/stories/2008033154320600.htm| work=[[The Hindu]]| url-status=dead}}</ref>
* ''Prahladacharitham Chakyar Koothu'' (1986, audio, Harisree Audios, Kerala) features Chakyar Koothu performance of the prabandha Prahlādacharita, giving a glimpse into Chakyar's ability in narration and recital. It is unique because he did not perform Prahlādacharita after the death of his guru, Thampuran, in 1964, except for this recording.
Many of his Koodiyattam, Chakyar Koothu performances, demonstrations, interviews etc. were documented by [[Doordarshan]] centres of New Delhi, [[Bombay]], [[Bhopal]], [[Madras]], [[Thiruvananthapuram]] etc. and [[All India Radio]] and is still being broadcast all over India. Documentation of Guru's Kutiyattam performance by Doordarshan Centre Bombai with English commentary of art critic and scholar [[V. K Narayana Menon]] is widely acclaimed.{{Citation needed|date=October 2018}}
==Death and legacy==
[[Image:M.M.Cakyar Samadhi.jpg|thumb|left|The memorial to the Guru at his residence, that marks the spot of his cremation.]]
Chakyar died at the age of 90 on 14 January 1990 in a private hospital at [[Ottappalam]] due to natural causes. His body was cremated with full honours at his Killikkurussimangalam residence. There is a memorial at the spot of his cremation.{{Citation needed|date=October 2018}}
His birth and death anniversaries are celebrated by various cultural programmes, commemorative sessions and Kutiyattam festivals by various cultural organisations and institutes.<ref name = "gurukulam"/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.expressindia.com/news/ie/daily/19980810/22251144.html |title=Nangiarkoothu alive and kicking |publisher=The New Indian Express, Kochi, 20 January 2007 |access-date=11 January 2008 |archive-date=21 January 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120121082506/http://www.expressindia.com/news/ie/daily/19980810/22251144.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thehindu.in/thehindu/lf/2002/03/11/stories/2002031101480200.htm |title=Honouring ritual arts |publisher=The Hindu, 11 March 2002 |access-date=11 January 2008 |archive-date=11 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201011164743/https://www.thehindu.com/archive/print/2002/03/11/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mathrubhumi.com/nri/story.php?id=68565 |title=ദുബായില് പാരമ്പര്യകലകള് നിറഞ്ഞാടി - Gulf - Mathrubhumi NRI |publisher=Mathrubhumi.com |date=2009-11-29 |access-date=2013-09-30 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131002220315/http://www.mathrubhumi.com/nri/story.php?id=68565 |archive-date=2 October 2013}}</ref>
He is one of the most felicitated artist from Kerala and was the first recipient of all major awards for Chakyar Koothu and Koodiyattam. [[Kerala Sangeetha Nataka Akademi]]'s annual Koodiyattam Award is known as ''Maani Madhava Puraskaram''<ref>{{cite web |author=Razi Rahman |url=http://www.kalakeralam.com/artnews/sangeetha_award.htm |title=The recognition of Kutiyattam, the Sanskrit theatre form of Kerala, as a remarkable example of the oral less-known art under the spotlight of global attention, and made the world citizen responsible for the protection and promotion of this art |publisher=Kalakeralam.com |access-date=2013-09-30 |archive-date=18 April 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070418022535/http://www.kalakeralam.com/artnews/sangeetha_award.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> as a tribute to him.
Many of Chakyar's films are still screened regularly at art theatres across and outside India.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.hindu.com/fr/2005/08/19/stories/2005081901660200.htm |title=Gems from the dust |___location=Chennai, India |date=19 August 2005 |access-date=11 January 2008 |archive-date=26 October 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121026062847/http://www.hindu.com/fr/2005/08/19/stories/2005081901660200.htm |work=[[The Hindu]] |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.hindu.com/mp/2009/01/31/stories/2009013153090200.htm | ___location=Chennai, India | title=Films on luminaries | date=31 January 2009 | access-date=17 July 2011 | archive-date=10 November 2012 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121110065452/http://www.hindu.com/mp/2009/01/31/stories/2009013153090200.htm | work=[[The Hindu]] | url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.hindu.com/mp/2008/09/11/stories/2008091150810300.htm |title=Culture on show |___location=New Delhi, India |date=11 September 2008 |access-date=10 February 2013 |archive-date=11 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201011164742/https://www.thehindu.com/archive/print/2008/09/11/ |newspaper=[[The Hindu]] |url-status=live }}</ref> His Kutiyattam and Chakyar Koothu performances and other documentaries are broadcast from major [[Doordarshan]] and [[All India Radio]] stations regularly (Guru himself had initiated performance of these art forms for these media for the first time).{{Citation needed|date=October 2018}}
Art and cultural festivals are organised by various associations as a dedication to Chakyar regularly.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.expressindia.com/news/ie/daily/19980810/22251144.html |title=SPIC-MACAY festival |newspaper=The Indian Express |date=10 August 1998 |access-date=11 January 2008 |archive-date=21 January 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120121082506/http://www.expressindia.com/news/ie/daily/19980810/22251144.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
{{Clear}}
==See also==
* [[Thulall]]
==Notes==
{{reflist}}
==
*[[Sruti magazine|Sruti]]- ''India's premier Music and Dance magazine'', [[Chennai]], August 1990 issue (71) dedicated to the Guru
*L.S. Rajagopal, ''The Wizard of Eyes'', Journal of [[Madras Music Academy]], 1974
* {{Cite book
| author-link=M.K.K. Nayar
| last=Nayar
| first=M.K.K
| title=Classical Arts of Kerala
| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AfVkAAAAMAAJ&q=mani+madhava+chakyar
| publisher=Current Books, [[Thiruvananthapuram]]
| year=1990
| isbn=978-81-240-0011-3
}}
*[http://www.thehindu.com/arts/dance/article2795689.ece K. K. Gopalakrishnan, ''Eyes that conveyed myriad moods '' (Art/Dance)], "[[The Hindu]]", 12 January 2012
*''Natyacharya Mani Madhava Chakyar'', [http://www.attendance-india.com/#2009 Attendance – The Dance Annual of India 2009]
*Vijay Shankar, ''Mani Madhava Chakyar'', Bhavan's Journal, [[Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan]], v.30, p. 67, 16 June 1984
* {{Cite book
| author-link=Māni Mādhava Chākyār
| last=Chākyār
| first=Māni Mādhava
| title=Nātyakalpadrumam
| publisher=Sangeet Natak Akademi, New Delhi
| year=1991
| title-link=Nātyakalpadrumam
|language=hi}}
*{{Cite book
| author-link=Akavoor Narayanan
| last=Narayanan
| first=Dr. Akavoor
| title=Arangaaliyavar
| publisher=Poorna Publications, [[Kozhikode]]
|language=ml}}
*{{Cite book
| author=collection of articles
| title=Manjusha – A tribute to Mani Madhava Chakyar
| publisher=Mani Madhava Chakyar Smaraka Gurukulam, [[Killikkurussimangalam]]
| year=2005
|language=ml}}
*{{Cite book
| author-link=Akavoor Narayanan
| last= Narayanan
| first=Dr. Akavoor
| title=Vyakthivivekam
| publisher=Poorna Publishers
| year=2006
| isbn= 978-81-7180-858-8
| page= 75
|language=ml}}
*{{Cite book
| author-link=Das Bhargavinilayam
| last=Bhargavinilayam
| first=Das
| title=Mani Madhaveeyam(biography of Guru Mani Madhava Chakyar)
| publisher=Department of Cultural Affairs, [[Government of Kerala]]
| year=1999
| isbn= 978-81-86365-78-6
| title-link=Mani Madhaveeyam
|language=ml}}
==External links==
{{commons category|Mani Madhava Chakyar}}
{{wikiquote|Mani Madhava Chakyar}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20041014112032/http://www.press.umich.edu/titleDetailDesc.do?id=6558 Kutiyattam: Sanskrit Theater of India] (Multimedia CD) by Dr.Farley Richmond (It contains rare video collections of Rasa Abhinaya and Netrabhinaya by the maestro)
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20091126163657/http://rediff.com/millenni/birju.htm Kathak maestro Birju Maharaj on top Indian dancers]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20091202003148/http://ftvdb.bfi.org.uk/sift/individual/210250?view=credit Chakkiar, Mani Madhava] at the [[British Film Institute]]
* {{YouTube|MTRuyGd8QPE|video clip: Kutiyattam – Natyacharya Mani Madhava Chakyar as Ravana}}
{{Padma Shri Award Recipients in Art}}
{{Padma Award winners of Kerala}}
{{SangeetNatakAkademiFellowship}}
{{Sangeet Natak Akademi Award Winners of Kerala}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Chakyar, Mani}}
[[Category:1899 births]]
[[Category:1990 deaths]]
[[Category:Male actors from Kozhikode]]
[[Category:Acting theorists]]
[[Category:Indian male dancers]]
[[Category:Male actors in Malayalam cinema]]
[[Category:Indian male film actors]]
[[Category:Indian Hindus]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Sangeet Natak Akademi Award]]
[[Category:Indian theatre directors]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri in arts]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Sangeet Natak Akademi Fellowship]]
[[Category:Indian Sanskrit scholars]]
[[Category:Kathakali exponents]]
[[Category:Dancers from Kerala]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian dancers]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:Teachers of Indian classical dance]]
[[Category:Indian dance teachers]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian educational theorists]]
[[Category:Educators from Kerala]]
[[Category:Koodiyattam exponents]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Kerala Sahitya Akademi Award]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Kerala Sangeetha Nataka Akademi Fellowship]]
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