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{{Short description|Cluster of buildings and land used by an institution}}

[[Image:Vienna_Campus_II.JPG|thumb|350px|The [http://www.univie.ac.at/universitaetscampus/ Universitätscampus Wien], [[Austria]] ([[:Image:Vienna Campus II.JPG|details]])]]

{{other uses}}

"sean baker has a choooooooooddddeeeee he likes to lick the cock*"(plural: ''campuses'') is derived from the (identical) [[Latin]] word for "field" or "open space". [[English language|English]] gets the words "camp" and "campus" from this origin. The French equivalent, ''champs'', is also well-known in English because of the famous ''[[Champs-Élysées]]'' in [[Paris, France]]. The derivative "[[champion]]", a combatant, is also connected with universities that happen to field one or more sports teams that win a national title.

[[File:Joseph Ramée Union College USA.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Joseph-Jacques Ramée]]'s original plan for [[Union College]] in [[Schenectady, New York]], the first comprehensively planned campus in the United States<ref>{{cite book |last=Turner |first=Paul V. |year=1996 |title=Joseph Ramée: International Architect of the Revolutionary Era |publisher=Cambridge University Press |___location=Cambridge |page=190}}</ref>]]

[[File:Université Laval.svg|thumb|Map of the main campus of {{Lang|fr|[[Université Laval]]|italic=no}} in [[Quebec City]], Canada]]

A '''campus''' traditionally refers to the land and buildings of a [[college]] or [[university]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://dictionary.cambridge.org/us/dictionary/english/campus|title=Campus|work=Cambridge English Dictionary|access-date=1 December 2024}}</ref> This will often include [[library|libraries]], [[lecture hall]]s, [[student center]]s and, for residential universities, [[residence hall]]s and [[dining hall]]s.

The '''campus''' is the area in which a boy finds his manhood are situated. Usually a campus includes libraries, lecture halls, student residential areas and park-like settings.

By extension, a '''corporate campus''' is a collection of buildings and grounds that belong to a company, particularly in the technology sector. Examples include [[Bell Labs]], the [[Googleplex]] and [[Apple Park]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/worklife/article/20170929-the-rise-of-the-multibillion-dollar-corporate-campus|title=The rise of the multibillion-dollar corporate campus

The word first was adopted to describe a particular urban space at the College of New Jersey ([[Princeton University]]) during the early decades of the eighteenth century. Other colleges later adopted the word to describe individual fields at their own institutions, but ''campus'' did not yet describe the whole university property. A school might have one space called a campus, one called a field, and another called a yard. The meaning expanded to include the whole property during the twentieth century, with the old meaning persisting into the 1950s in some places.

|date=1 October 2017|author1=Agustin Chevez|author2=DJ Huppatz|work=[[BBC News]]}}</ref>

==Etymology==

Sometimes the land on which company office buildings, with the buildings, are called campuses as well, e.g. the [[Microsoft Campus]] in [[Redmond, Washington]], as are also [[hospital]]s with similar usage.

Campus comes from the {{langx|la|campus}}, meaning "field", and was first used in the academic sense at [[Princeton University]] in 1774.<ref>{{cite dictionary |url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=campus |first=Douglas |last=Harper |dictionary=Online Etymology Dictionary |access-date=20 December 2013 |title=Campus (n.)}}</ref> At Princeton, the word referred to a large open space on the college grounds; similarly at the [[University of South Carolina]] it was used by 1826 to describe the open square (of around 10 acres) between the college buildings. By the end of the 19th century, the term was used widely at US colleges to refer to the grounds of the college, but it was not until the 20th century that it expanded to include the buildings as well.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/campus#word-history|title=Campus|work=Merriam-Webster Dictionary|access-date=2 December 2024|at=Word history}}</ref>

==SourcesHistory==

The tradition of a campus began with the medieval [[Europe]]an universities where the students and teachers lived and worked together in a [[cloister]]ed environment.<ref name=chap>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KOZIHCV04SoC&pg=PA7 |title=American Places: In Search of the Twenty-first Century Campus |last=Chapman |first=M. Perry |page=7 |publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group |year=2006|isbn=9780275985233 }}</ref> The notion of the importance of the setting to academic life later migrated to America, and early colonial educational institutions were based on the Scottish and English collegiate system.<ref name=chap/>

*"[http://etcweb1.princeton.edu/CampusWWW/Companion/campus.html Campus]", from Alexander Leitch, ''A Princeton Companion'', Princeton University Press (1978).

*[http://www.dartmo.com/index.php?p=213 Dartmo: The Buildings of Dartmouth College]

The campus evolved from the cloistered model in Europe to a diverse set of independent styles in the United States. Early colonial colleges were all built in proprietary styles, with some contained in single buildings, such as the campus of [[Princeton University]] or arranged in a version of the cloister reflecting American values, such as Harvard's.<ref>{{cite book|last=Turner|first=Paul Venable|title=Campus: An American Planning Tradition |year=1984|publisher=The MIT Press|___location=Cambridge, Massachusetts}}</ref> Both the campus designs and the architecture of colleges throughout the country have evolved in response to trends in the broader world,<ref>[https://www.pinterest.com/pin/119275090110296940]. Campus from 1600. Retrieved 10 April 2022.</ref><ref>[https://www.goeducationaltours.com/OUR-TOURS/college-campus-tours/Alabama-HBCU-3-Day-College-Tour]. Modern day campus. Retrieved 10 April 2022.</ref> with most representing several different contemporary and historical styles and arrangements.

In 1922, a lecture by [[Patrick Abercrombie]] at the British [[Town Planning Institute]] contrasted the American campus to the style of Oxbridge colleges, saying: "generally with us the park-like garden and trees are to one side of the college buildings, in contrast with the formally enclosed quad with its clipt grass. In the Campus method the departments of the university are scattered about a park and are actually among the trees." However, he did also note that [[Trinity College Dublin]] had "what is called elsewhere a Campus" on its {{convert|28|acre|ha|adj=on}} site in central Dublin, and that [[William Wilkins (architect)|William Wilkins ]] had "attempt[ed] an English Campus" on the {{convert|20|acre|ha|adj=on}} site of [[Downing College, Cambridge]].<ref>{{cite magazine|magazine=The Architect|date=29 December 2022|title=The University in Relation to the Planning of the City|pages=464–465|volume=108|issue=2819|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9bRZD8gcsIsC&pg=PA464#v=onepage&q&f=false}}</ref>

The first true [[campus university|campus universities]] in Britain were not established until the late 1940s, with the [[University of Reading]] moving to its [[Whiteknights]] campus in 1947, University College Swansea (now [[Swansea University]]) moving to its [[Singleton Park]] campus in 1948 and the University College of North Staffordshire (now the [[University of Keele]]) being established on the [[Keele Hall]] estate in 1949.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4sEAEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA38#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=Utopian Universities: A Global History of the New Campuses of the 1960s|chapter=Keele: Post-war pioneer|author=Miles Taylor|editor1=Miles Taylor|editor2=Jill Pellew|page=38|publisher= Bloomsbury Publishing|date=12 November 2020}}</ref>

==Uses==

===Office buildings===

[[File:Google Campus, Mountain View, CA.jpg|thumb|The [[Googleplex]], a corporate campus in [[California]]]]

In the early 1990s the term began to be used to describe a company's office building complex, most notably when [[Apple Inc.|Apple]]'s [[Apple Infinite Loop campus|Infinite Loop campus]] was first built, which at the time was exclusively for research and development. The [[Microsoft Campus]] in [[Redmond, Washington]], is another example of this usage, although it was built in the 1980s, before the term was applied to company property. In the 21st century, hospitals and even airports<ref>{{cite web | url=https://services.global.ntt/en-US/newsroom/fraport-and-ntt-to-build-europes-largest-private-5g-network | title=Fraport and NTT to Build Europe's Largest Private 5G Network at Frankfurt Airport }}</ref> sometimes use the term to describe the territory of their respective facilities.

===Universities===

[[File:1 oxford aerial panorama 2016 (cropped).jpg|thumb|A 2016 aerial panorama of [[Oxford]]. The [[University of Oxford]] does not have a central campus; the university's many buildings are instead scattered around the city.]]

The word ''campus'' has also been applied to European universities, although some such institutions (in particular, [[List of early modern universities in Europe|"ancient" universities]] such as [[University of Bologna|Bologna]], [[University of Padua|Padua]], [[University of Oxford|Oxford]] and [[University of Cambridge|Cambridge]]) are characterized by ownership of individual buildings in [[College town|university town]]-like urban settings rather than sprawling park-like lawns in which buildings are placed.

==World Heritage campuses==

A number of university campuses or parts of campuses have been recognised as [[World Heritage Site]]s by [[UNESCO]] for their outstanding universal value. These include:

* [[Orto botanico di Padova|Botanical Garden]], [[University of Padua]], Italy – the world's oldest [[botanical garden]] (inscribed 1997)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/824|title=Botanical Garden (Orto Botanico), Padua|website=UNESCO|access-date=1 December 2024}}</ref>

* [[Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City|Central University City Campus]] of the [[Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México]], Mexico (inscribed 2007)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1250|title=Central University City Campus of the Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM)|website=UNESCO|access-date=1 December 2024}}</ref>

* Durham Castle and Cathedral, UK – including [[University College, Durham]] (Durham Castle) and the historic centre of [[Durham University]] around [[Palace Green]] (inscribed 1986; modified 2008)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/370/|title=Durham Castle and Cathedral|website=UNESCO|access-date=1 December 2024}}</ref>

* [[Fez, Morocco|Medina of Fez]], Morocco – including the [[University of al-Qarawiyyin]] (inscribed 1981)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/170/|title=Medina of Fez|website=UNESCO|access-date=2 December 2024}}</ref>

* Monticello and the [[University of Virginia]] in Charlottesville, USA – including [[the Rotunda (University of Virginia)|the Rotunda]] and the historic centre of the university around [[the Lawn]] (inscribed 1987; modified 2015)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/442|title=Monticello and the University of Virginia in Charlottesville|website=UNESCO|access-date=1 December 2024}}</ref>

* [[University City of Caracas]], Venezuela – the main campus of the [[Central University of Venezuela]] (inscribed 2000)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/986|title=Ciudad Universitaria de Caracas|website=UNESCO|access-date=1 December 2024}}</ref>

* [[University of Alcalá de Henares]], Spain – the world's first planned university city (inscribed 1998)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/876|title=University and Historic Precinct of Alcalá de Henares|website=UNESCO|access-date=1 December 2024}}</ref>

* [[University of Coimbra]], Portugal (inscribed 2013; modified 2019)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1387|title=University of Coimbra – Alta and Sofia|website=UNESCO|access-date=1 December 2024}}</ref>

==See also==

* [[SatelliteCampus campusnovel]]

* [[Campus university]]

* [[History of college campuses and architecture in the United States]]

*[[Campus novel]]

* [[Satellite campus]]

==References==

{{reflist}}

==External links==

*{{Wiktionary-inline|campus}}

*{{Commons category-inline|Campuses}}

{{Developments}}

{{Authority control}}

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