Sjahrir (economist): Difference between revisions

Revision as of 04:29, 25 May 2007

Latest revision as of 05:41, 14 August 2025

(100 intermediate revisions by 63 users not shown)

Line 1:

{{Short description|Indonesian political economist}}

{{Unreferenced|date=May 2007}}

{{About|the Indonesian economist|Sukarno era prime minister|Sutan Sjahrir}}

{{Cleanup|date=May 2007}}

{{Infobox officeholder

[[Image:Sjahrir_muda.jpg|Ciil in is youth|right]]

| name = Sjahrir

| image = File:Dr Sjahrir.png

'''Syahrir''' is an Indonesian political economist. He was officially appointed by President of the Republic of [[Indonesia]], [[Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono]] as Economic Adviser in the Council of Presidential Advisers on [[11 April]] . As a student activist, he was once sentenced to jail during the Malari demonstration in 1974.[[2007]].<ref>http://presidenri.go.id/index.php/fokus/2007/04/11/1717.html</ref>

| birth_date = {{Birth date|1945|02|24|df=yes}}

| birth_place = [[Kudus, Kudus|Kudus]], [[Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies|Japanese East Indies]]

| death_date = {{Death date and age|2008|7|28|1945|2|24|df=yes}}

| death_place = [[Singapore]]

| nationality = [[Indonesians|Indonesian]]

| profession = [[Economist]]<br>[[Lecturer]]

| alma_mater = [[University of Indonesia]]<br>[[Harvard Kennedy School]]

| office1 = Lecturer of Faculty of Economics and Business of [[University of Indonesia]]

| term_start1 = 1984

| term_end1 = 1998

| office2 = Member of [[Presidential Advisory Council]] (Dewan Pertimbangan Presiden)

| term_start2 = 2005

| term_end2 = 2008

| president2 = [[Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono]]

}}

'''Sjahrir''' (24 February 1945 – 28 July 2008) was a prominent Indonesian political [[economist]]. He was officially appointed by President of the Republic of [[Indonesia]], [[Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono]] as Economic Adviser in the Council of Presidential Advisers on 11 April 2007.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://presidenri.go.id/index.php/fokus/2007/04/11/1717.html |title=SBY Lantik Wantimpres |date=11 April 2007 |website=[[Presiden Republik Indonesia]] |language=id |access-date=11 April 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120722194724/http://presidenri.go.id/index.php/fokus/2007/04/11/1717.html |archive-date=22 July 2012}}</ref> As a student activist, he was once sentenced to jail during the [[Malari incident|Malari demonstration]] in 1974.

==Biography==

HeSjahrir was born in [[Kudus, Kudus|Kudus]], [[Central Java]], onduring the [[24Japanese Februaryoccupation of the Dutch East Indies]], on February 24, 1945. Syahrir (nicknamed: Ciil<ref>{{cite book |last= Pabottingi |first= Mochtar |author-link= |date= 2013 |title= Burung-Burung Cakrawala|url= |___location= Jakarta|publisher= [[1945Gramedia Pustaka Utama]].|page= Syahrir382|isbn=9780822392279}}</ref> or Ci'il) was born as the only child to the Ma’amoen Al Rasyid and Roesma Malik, couple.both from the village of Koto Gedang in [[West Sumatra]]. His father was a high-ranking government official in Central Java during the [[Dutch East Indies|Dutch colonialColonial timeEra]], while his mother was an official at the Inspectorate of Women Education, Department of Education. (Mangiang et al. 1995)

SyahrirSjahrir received his early childhood education in a public school in [[Jakarta]]; he also spent a year in the [[Dalton School Elementary School]], [[Amsterdam]]. He continued his study toat a [[Catholic]] high school, [[Canisius College, Jakarta|Canisius College]] in Jakarta. It was there that he discovered his lovedesire forto learn [[economics]]. From Canisius College, he was enrolled at the [[University of Indonesia]], where he studied economics.<ref name="Kompas.com">{{cite news |last= |first= |date= 29 July 2008|title=Dr Sjahrir Berpulang|url= https://nasional.kompas.com/read/2008/07/29/00445664/dr.sjahrir.berpulang|work= Kompas.com|___location= Jakarta |access-date= 3 July 2021}}</ref>

He was born in [[Kudus]], [[Central Java]], on the [[24 February]] [[1945]]. Syahrir was born as the only child to the Ma’amoen Al Rasyid and Roesma Malik couple. His father was a high-ranking government official in Central Java during the [[Dutch East Indies|Dutch colonial time]], while his mother was an official at the Inspectorate of Women Education, Department of Education.(Mangiang et al 1995)

During his study in the university, he became active in the Djakarta Students Association (''Ikatan Mahasiswa Djakarta'' or IMADA), a student union. His involvement at IMADA made him appointed as the head of United Actions of Indonesian Students (''Kesatuan Aksi Mahasiswa Indonesia'' or KAMI). Sjahrir was active in KAMI until 1969.<ref>{{cite book |editor1-last= Tagliacozzo |editor1-first= Eric |editor2-last= Hellwig |editor2-first= Tineke |date= 2009 |title= The Indonesia Reader: History, Culture, Politics |url= |___location= Ukraine|publisher= Duke University Press |page= 359|isbn=9780822392279}}</ref> Meanwhile, his activities in intrathe universityIntra organizationUniversity Organization made him appointed as athe General Secretary of Students Senate, Faculty of Economics, in the University of Indonesia.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.tokohindonesia.com/ensiklopedi/s/sjahrir/index.shtml |title=Syahrir, Ketua Umum Partai Perhimpunan Indonesia Baru (Partai PIB) |website=Ensiklopedi Tokoh Indonesia<!-- Bot generated title --> |language=id |access-date=5 November 2018 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090302043627/http://www.tokohindonesia.com/ensiklopedi/s/sjahrir/index.shtml |archive-date=2 March 2009}}</ref>

Syahrir received his early childhood education in a public school in [[Jakarta]]; he also spent a year in the [[Dalton School Elementary School]], [[Amsterdam]]. He continued his study to a Catholic high school, [[Canisius College]] in Jakarta. It was there that he discovered his love for economics. From Canisius College, he was enrolled at the [[University of Indonesia]], where he studied economics.

In 1974, students at the University of Indonesia demonstrated against the government’s policy regarding the role of foreign investment in Indonesia. The demonstration led to a riot, known as [[Malari incident|Malari]]. Sjahrir, who recently graduated as a Bachelor in Economics from the Faculty of Economy, at the University of Indonesia and who was getting ready to leave the country for a master's degree scholarship at the [[Harvard Kennedy School]] at [[Harvard University]], was arrested, tried, and sentenced to 6 and a half years of prison for [[subversion]] and his involvement in the Malari riots.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://news.detik.com/berita/d-978809/sjahrir-aktivis-malari-yang-jadi-anggota-wantimpres |title= Sjahrir, Aktivis Malari yang Jadi Anggota Wantimpres |date= 28 July 2008 |newspaper= Detik.com |access-date= 3 July 2021}}</ref> However, he only spent almost 4 years in jail as a political detainee.

During his study in the university, he became active in the Djakarta Students Association (''Ikatan Mahasiswa Djakarta'' or IMADA), a student union. His involvement at IMADA made him appointed as the head of United Actions of Indonesian Students (''Kesatuan Aksi Mahasiswa Indonesia'' or KAMI). Meanwhile, his activities in intra university organization made him appointed as a General Secretary of Students Senate, Faculty of Economics, University of Indonesia.<ref>http://www.tokohindonesia.com/ensiklopedi/s/sjahrir/index.shtml</ref>

After getting out of the prison,{{cn}} [[Ford Foundation]], the sponsor of his scholarship, still granted him the opportunity to pursue his master's degree.-- He graduated from Harvard University with a Ph.D. degree in Political Economy & Government in 1983.<ref name="Kompas.com"/> He returned to Jakarta in the same year and became a lecturer in his former faculty.

Historically, the student body at University of Indonesia had some significant roles in the country’s political movement.{{who}} In 1974, students demonstrated against the government’s policy regarding the role of foreign investment in Indonesia. The demonstration somehow led to a riot—the incident is known as [[Malari]]. Syahrir, who was just graduated as a Bachelor in Economics from the Faculty of Economy, University of Indonesia and was getting ready to leave the country for a master degree scholarship at the [[Kennedy School of Government]], [[Harvard University]],

was arrested, tried and sentenced to 6,5 years of prison for subversion and his involvement in Malari. However, he only spent almost 4 years in jail as political detainee.

Later, he founded Yayasan Padi & Kapas, an organization that focuses on research, education & public health. During this time, he was active as a consultant and advisor for state banks and public companies.

Syahrir is known as an economist and as a politician. While he was a student at the Faculty of Economics in the [[University of Indonesia]] in 1974, Syahrir became an activist, a background that led him to politics. In 2002, he founded the [[New Indonesia Alliance Party]] as his effort in offering a solution to the turbulent country.{{Fact|date=May 2007}}

In 2001, during the Reformation era, SyahrirSjahrir founded the New Indonesia Alliance (''Perhimpunan Indonesia Baru'').<ref>{{cite magazine |last= Basri | first= Muhammad Chatib |title= Sjahrir |url= http://adl.aptik.or.id/default.aspx?tabID=61&id=134259&src=a |volume= 37 |issue= 34 |page= 136 |magazine= Tempo |___location= Jakarta |publisher= Badan Usaha Jaya Press, Yayasan Jaya Raya |date= August 2008 |access-date=3 July 2021}}</ref> The main activity of the Alliance is to organize a cabinet watch. The cabinet watch’s task is to monitor the government’s decisions on certain policies and then to announce the result of the observationobservations to the public.

<!-- what prison? why? a lot of missing information here

After getting out of the prison,{{cn}} [[Ford Foundation]], the sponsor of his scholarship, still granted him the opportunity to pursue his master degree.-->

He graduated from Harvard University with a Ph.D. degree in Political Economy & Government in 1983. It was in Harvard that he became friends with [[Benigno Aquino, Jr.|Ninoy Aquino]] and [[Kim Dae Jung]].{{Fact|date=May 2007}} He returned to Jakarta in the same year.

SyahrirAt establishmedthe 2004 [[legislative]] [[elections in Indonesia|elections]], the [[New Indonesia Alliance Party]] (''Partai Perhimpunan Indonesia Baru'').This party triedwon to0.6% offerof anthe alternativepopular solutionvote toand Reformationno eraseats byin aimingthe to[[People's participateRepresentative inCouncil|National thePeople's nextRepresentative nationalCouncil]]. parliamentHe election.step down Thenas chairman of the party when the 2004 elected president of the Republic of Indonesia, Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, appointed SyahrirSjahrir as Economic Advisor to the President. Syahrir’sSjahrir’s responsibility as Economic Advisor to the President includes being special envoys to other countries, fulfilling presidential missions.

After earning his Ph. D, he became a lecturer in his former faculty, Faculty of Economics, University of Indonesia. He founded an organization called Institute for Economic and Financial Research ([[Ecfin]]) with his fellow economists.{{Fact|date=May 2007}} One of them was [[Mari Elka Pangestu]], the current Indonesian Minister of Trades. He also founded another organization called Yayasan Padi & Kapas, which focuses on research, education & public health. During this time, he was active as a consultant and advisor for state banks and public companies.

Sjahrir died on 28 July 2008 at Mount Elizabeth Hospital in Singapore from advanced stage of [[lung cancer]]. His body was flown back to Indonesia on the following day and was buried in the Tanah Kusir Cemetery, Jakarta, on 29 July 2008.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.thejakartapost.com/node/176159 |title=RI loses critical economist in the passing [of] Sjahrir |date=29 July 2008 |newspaper=[[The Jakarta Post]] |access-date=5 November 2018 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100829195334/http://www.thejakartapost.com/node/176159 |archive-date=29 August 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://cetak.kompas.com/read/xml/2008/07/29/00445664/dr.sjahrir.berpulang |title=Dr Sjahrir Berpulang |date=29 July 2008 |newspaper=[[Kompas]] |language=id |access-date=5 November 2018 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080806034100/http://cetak.kompas.com/read/xml/2008/07/29/00445664/dr.sjahrir.berpulang |archive-date=6 August 2008}}</ref>

In 2001, during the Reformation era, Syahrir founded the New Indonesia Alliance (''Perhimpunan Indonesia Baru''). The main activity of the Alliance is to organize cabinet watch. The cabinet watch’s task is to monitor the government’s decisions on certain policies and then to announce the result of the observation to the public.

== Work and publication ==

Syahrir establishmed the New Indonesia Alliance Party (''Partai Perhimpunan Indonesia Baru'').This party tried to offer an alternative solution to Reformation era by aiming to participate in the next national parliament election. Then the president of the Republic of Indonesia, Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, appointed Syahrir as Economic Advisor to the President. Syahrir’s responsibility as Economic Advisor to the President includes being special envoys to other countries, fulfilling presidential missions.

Sjahrir was known for his extensive writings, including six books that were published between 1994-1995, namely:

# ''Ekonomi Indonesia dalam Perspektif Bisnis'' (The Indonesian Economy in a Business Perspective), published by Jurnalindo Aksara Grafika in Jakarta, 1994.

# ''Kebijakan Negara Mengantisipasi Masa Depan'' (National Policy: Anticipating the Future), published by Yayasan Obor Indonesia in Jakarta, 1994.

# ''Pikiran Politik'' (Political Ideas), published by LP3ES in Jakarta, 1994.

# ''Analisis Bursa Efek'' (Analysis of the Stock Exchange), published by Gramedia Pustaka Utama in Jakarta, 1995.

# ''Formasi Mikro-Makro Ekonomi Indonesia'' (Indonesia's Macro and Micro Economy), published by University of Indonesia Press in Jakarta, 1995.

# ''Persoalan Ekonomi Indonesia: Moneter, Perkreditan dan Nenca Pembayaran'' (Problems of the Indonesian Economy: Money, Credit and the Balance of Payments), published by Pustaka Sinar Harapan in Jakarta, 1995.

==Personal life==

HeSjahrir iswas married to [[Nurmala Kartini SyahrirSjahrir]], a chairman of the [[Indonesian Anthropological Association]], and has a son, [[Pandu Patria Sjahrir]], and a daughter, Gita Sjahrir.

== References ==

{{reflistReflist}}

== External links ==

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070929110533/http://www.thejakartapost.com/yesterdaydetail.asp?fileid=20070405.E01 Jakarta Post Editorial on The Council of Presidential Adviser]

* [https://archive.today/20130107212839/http://www.antara.co.id/en/arc/2007/4/4/president-meets-would-be-presidential-advisory-council-members/ Headlines at Antara: President meets would be presidential advisory council members]

* [http://english.people.com.cn/200704/04/eng20070404_363717.html People's Daily Online on Presidential Advisory Council]

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20121021060525/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2007-04/04/content_5934090.htm Xinhua Online on Presidential Advisory Council]

* [http://kerrycollison.net/index.php?/archives/5513-The-advisors-and-the-advised.html Kerry B. Collison The Advisors and The Advised]

{{Authority control}}

==External links==

* [http://www.syahrir.net Dr. Syahrir's personal website]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sjahrir}}

[[Category:People from Kudus Regency]]

[[Category:Minangkabau people]]

[[Category:BiographyIndonesian economists]]

[[Category:Deaths from lung cancer in Singapore]]

[[Category:1945 births]]

[[Category:2008 deaths]]

[[Category:New Indonesia Party of Struggle politicians]]

[[Category:Harvard Kennedy School alumni]]