Democratic Left (Italy): Difference between revisions

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{{Short description|Defunct Italian political party}}

{{Infobox_Italy_Political_Party |

{{Distinguish|Democrats of the Left}}

colorcode = red |

{{use dmy dates|date=September 2021}}

party_name = Democratic Left |

{{ItalianInfobox political parties}}party

party_name_italian = Sinistra Democratica |

| party_name name = Democratic Left |

party_logo = |

| party_name_italian native_name = Sinistra Democratica |

party_status = Italian National Party |

| country = Italy

leader = [[Fabio Mussi]] |

[[it:| logo = Sinistra Democratica]] logo.png

coalition = [[The Union (political coalition)|The Union]] |

| logo_size = 150px

newspaper = [http://www.aprileonline.info Aprile per la Sinistra]|

| leader =

ideology = [[Democratic socialism]] |

| leader1_title = Coordinator

international affiliation = ''none'' |

| leader1_name = [[Claudio Fava]]

european affiliation = ''none'' |

| leader2_title = President

european parliament group = [[Party of European Socialists]] |

| leaderleader2_name = [[Fabio Mussi]] |

membership = |

| leader3_title =

website = [http://www.sinistra-democratica.it www.sinistra-democratica.it] |

| leader3_name =

foundation = [[May 5]], [[2007]]|

| leader4_title =

headquarters = Via Palermo, 12<br/>00184 Roma

| leader4_name =

| foundation = {{start date and age|2007|05|05|df=y}}

| dissolution = 22–{{end date and age|2010|10|24|df=y}}

| split = [[Democrats of the Left]]

| merged = [[Left Ecology Freedom]]

| position = [[Left-wing politics|Left-wing]]

| headquarters = Via Palermo, 12<br/>00184 Roma[[Rome]]

| newspaper = [http://www.aprileonline.info Aprile per la Sinistra]|

| membership_year =

| membership = |''unknown''

| ideology = {{nowrap|[[Democratic socialism]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://parties-and-elections.eu/italy.html|title=Italy|website=Parties and Elections in Europe|first=Wolfram|last=Nordsieck|year=2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120615231622/http://parties-and-elections.eu/italy.html|archive-date=15 June 2012|access-date=20 April 2019|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref><br>[[Green politics]]}}

| national = [[The Left – The Rainbow|Rainbow Left]] (2008)<br>[[Left Ecology Freedom]] (2009-10)

| international affiliation = ''none'' |

| european =

| europarl = [[Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats|Party of European Socialists]] (2007–09)

| website = [{{url|http://www.sinistra-democratica.it www.sinistra-democratica.it] |}}

| colorcode = red |

}}

The '''Democratic Left''' ({{langx|it|Sinistra Democratica}}, officially'''SD'''), thewhose complete name was '''Democratic Left. forFor European Socialism''' (''Sinistra Democratica. perPer il Socialismo Europeo''), iswas a [[democratic -socialist]] Italian [[political party foundedin on 5 May 2007 by former members of the Democrats of the Left centred around Fabio Mussi and Gavino Angius who did not agree with the foundation of the Democratic Party together with the reformist centrist party La Margherita(Democracy is Freedom – Daisy)Italy]].

The two resolutions critical of the move to found with La Margherita the Partito Democratico tabled by supporters of the current led by Mussi - 'Il Correntone' - and by Angius managed to garner 25% of votes at the recent DS conference in Firenze. Though it is clear that much of this support has followed Mussi and Angius out of DS [Democrats of the Left] some notable figures - notabley Vincenzo Vita- have failed to do so. Others are biding their time to see exactly what form the new Democratic Party will take and to see how succesful La Sinistra Democratica is in uniting the left . Among the more notable supporters of the opposition at Firenze who have committed themselves to the new movement are a minister (Mussi), four MEPs (Giovanni Berlinguer, Claudio Fava, Pasqualina Napoletano and Giulietto Chiesa), 12 Senators and 21 Deputies. According to its leading members, Democratic Left is not a party, but a movement with the goal to unite the entire Italian left, from the Partito della Rifondazione Comunista (PRC) (Communist Refoundation Party) to the Socialisti Democratici Italiani (Italian Democratic Socialists) .

The 21 Deputies and 12 Senators who have adhered to the group have established themselves as a discrete group within the Italian Parliament while remaining supporters of the governing centre-left coalition led by Romano Prodi.

SD was founded on 5 May 2007 by splinters of the [[Democrats of the Left]] (DS) led by [[Fabio Mussi]] and [[Gavino Angius]], who opposed the merger of the DS with [[Democracy is Freedom – The Daisy]] to form the [[Democratic Party (Italy)|Democratic Party]].<ref name="GiannettiLaver2008">{{cite book|author1=Daniela Giannetti|author2=Michael Laver|chapter=Party cohesion, party discipline, and party factions in Italy|editor1=Daniela Giannetti|editor2=Kenneth Benoit|title=Intra-Party Politics and Coalition Governments|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IKp9AgAAQBAJ&pg=PA154|year=2008|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-134-04288-3|page=154}}</ref> According to its leading members at its foundation, SD was to be not a party but a movement, with the goal to unite the entire Italian left from [[Communist Refoundation Party]] to the [[Italian Democratic Socialists]].

On 22–24 October 2010, SD was merged into [[Left Ecology Freedom]].

==Leadership==

*Coordinator: [[Fabio Mussi]] (2007–...)

==History==

*Party Leader in the [[Italian Chamber of Deputies|Chamber of Deputies]]: [[Titti Di Salvo]] (2007–...)

===Foundation===

*Party Leader in the [[Italian Senate|Senate]]: [[Cesare Salvi]] (2007–...)

In April 2007 the [[Democrats of the Left]] (DL) held in [[Florence]] their last congress in order to ratify the move towards the foundation of the [[Democratic Party (Italy)|Democratic Party]], along with the [[centrism|centrist]]s of [[Democracy is Freedom – The Daisy]]. In opposition to [[Piero Fassino]]'s majority resolution, two resolutions were tabled by supporters of the factions led by [[Fabio Mussi]] and [[Gavino Angius]] (who formed [[Socialists and Europeans]] together with [[Mauro Zani]]): the first opposed in any form the foundation of the PD, whilst the second was favourable only in the event that the new party was to join the [[Party of European Socialists]] and thus represented a more "wait and see" attitude.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.repubblica.it/2007/01/sezioni/politica/direzione-ds/direzioni-mozione/direzioni-mozione.html|title=Ds, tre mozioni a confronto Il nodo del Partito Democratico - Politica - Repubblica.it|website=www.repubblica.it}}</ref> These resolutions managed to garner around 25% of the vote.

*Party Leader in the [[European Parliament]]: [[Claudio Fava]] (2007–)

Following the congress, a large majority of Mussi's followers, with a few notable exceptions such as [[Vincenzo Vita]], left the DS. This was consistent with their declared position prior to the Florence congress.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.repubblica.it/2007/02/sezioni/politica/congresso-ds/intervento-mussi/intervento-mussi.html|title=Mussi, lo strappo, con affetto "Noi ci fermiamo qui" - Politica - Repubblica.it|website=www.repubblica.it}}</ref> In contrast, Angius' sudden departure from DS after the congress was somewhat surprising and arguably inconsistent with the position adopted by the supporters of the Angius-Zani resolution prior to and during the congress itself.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.repubblica.it/2007/02/sezioni/politica/congresso-ds/veltroni-dalema-prodi/veltroni-dalema-prodi.html|title=Gli addii, le emozioni, le grandi promesse I ds partono per l'avventura "democratica" - Politica - Repubblica.it|website=www.repubblica.it}}</ref><ref>[http://espresso.repubblica.it/dettaglio-local/Fassino:-qui-inizia-una-nuova-storia/1579487 ]{{dead link|date=August 2018}}</ref> Consequently, rather than follow Angius out of the party some of the most significant supporters of the motion, including Zani, [[Massimo Brutti]] and [[Sergio Gentili]] opted to stay inside the DS.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.corriere.it/Primo_Piano/Politica/2007/04_Aprile/24/angius_ds_strappo.shtml|title=Ds, Angius lascia: "Non aderisco al Pd" - Corriere della Sera|website=www.corriere.it}}</ref> On 16 May 2007 the new party's parliamentary groups had 22 deputies and 12 senators.<ref name="GiannettiLaver2008"/>

===Early splits===

Following its foundation, SD was divided between supporters of Mussi, who wanted strong relations with the so-called "[[far-left politics|far-left]] parties" ([[Federation of the Greens]], [[Party of Italian Communists]] and [[Communist Refoundation Party]]), and those around Angius, who were keener on an alliance with the more centrist [[Italian Democratic Socialists]]. In September [[Democracy and Socialism]], led by Angius and [[Valdo Spini]], joined the "Socialist Constituent Assembly" and committed themselves to the foundation of a [[social democracy|social-democratic]] party in the tradition of the historical [[Italian Socialist Party]]. Finally, in October 2007, Angius and his group left SD to found the [[Italian Socialist Party (2007)|Socialist Party]].

The SD party suffered another split in February 2008 when [[Famiano Crucianelli]], [[Olga D'Antona]], [[Paolo Nerozzi]], [[Massimo Cialente]] and [[Gianfranco Pagliarulo]] (a former member of the Party of Italian Communists) abandoned SD in order to join the Democratic Party, through an association named [[Left for the Country]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.radioradicale.it/scheda/248020/una-sinistra-per-il-governo-del-paese|title=Una sinistra per il governo del Paese|first=Radio|last=Radicale|date=24 February 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aprileonline.info/notizia.php?id=6756|title=Aprileonline.info: Una Sinistra per il Paese<!-- Bot generated title -->}}</ref>

===Out of Parliament===

In the [[2008 Italian general election|2008 general election]] [[The Left – The Rainbow]], of which the Democratic Left was a part along with the Communist Refoundation Party (PRC), the Party of Italian Communists (PdCI) and the Federation of the Greens, gained 3.1% of the vote and failed to win any seats in the [[Italian Parliament]].

After the election, [[Oliviero Diliberto]], leader of PdCI, who considered the experience of a "united left" ended, proposed a "communist constituent assembly" and the PRC elected [[Paolo Ferrero]], from the internal left-wing, as party secretary. Despite these events, Democratic Left proposed a "left-wing constituent assembly" as a bridge between the "European socialism" and "the alternative left".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sinistra-democratica.it/tutti-i-nostri-errori-il-primo-5-anni-fa|title=sinistra-democratica.it - Politica Resources and Information.|website=www.sinistra-democratica.it}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.claudiofava.it/index.php?mod=rassegnastampa&dett=802|title=claudiofava - si nota che alcune parti del veicolo stanno facendo l'anima. Salvare le parti dell'auto.|website=claudiofava}}</ref> In the run up to the [[2009 European Parliament election in Italy|2009 European Parliament election]] SD planned to form a joint list with the [[Movement for the Left]], the [[Federation of the Greens]] and [[Unite the Left]] in a sort of re-edition of The Left – The Rainbow.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.asca.it/news-PRC__SERVE_UNA_NUOVA_SINISTRA__VENDOLA_CONSUMA_LA_SCISSIONE_(IL_PUNTO)-804738-ORA-.html |title=PRC SERVE UNA NUOVA SINISTRA VENDOLA CONSUMA LA SCISSIONE (IL PUNTO) - Agenzia di stampa Asca |access-date=2009-01-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090616133319/http://www.asca.it/news-PRC__SERVE_UNA_NUOVA_SINISTRA__VENDOLA_CONSUMA_LA_SCISSIONE_(IL_PUNTO)-804738-ORA-.html |archive-date=2009-06-16 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The list, with the additional participation of the [[Italian Socialist Party (2007)|Socialist Party]], was named [[Left Ecology Freedom|Left and Freedom]] and was launched on 16 March 2009.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.agi.it/ultime-notizie-page/200903161344-pol-rom1060-art.html |title=Ultime Notizie Online &#124; Agenzia Giornalistica Italia &#124; AGI |access-date=2008-10-17 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131110124339/http://www.agi.it/ultime-notizie-page/200903161344-pol-rom1060-art.html |archive-date=2013-11-10 }}</ref> The list received just 3.1% of the national vote and failed to return any MEPs. The list was eventually renamed [[Left Ecology Freedom]], and was founded as a united political party on 22–24 October 2010.

==Leadership==

*Political Coordinator: [[Fabio Mussi]] (2007–2008), [[Claudio Fava]] (2008–2010)

**Executive Coordinator: [[Marco Fumagalli]] (2007–2010)

*President of the National Council: [[Fabio Mussi]] (2008–2010)

*President of the National Bureau: [[Pasqualina Napoletano]] (2008–2010)

*Party Leader in the [[Italian Chamber of Deputies|Chamber of Deputies]]: [[Titti Di Salvo]] (2007–...2007–2008)

*Party Leader in the [[Italian Senate|Senate]]: [[Cesare Salvi]] (2007–...2007–2008)

*Party Leader in the [[European Parliament]]: [[Claudio Fava]] (2007–2007–2010)

==References==

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==External links==

*{{it icon}} [http://www.sinistra-democratica.it/ Official website]

{{Historical Italian political parties}}

[[Category:2007 establishments in Italy]]

{{Italian political parties}}

[[Category:2010 disestablishments in Italy]]

[[Category:PoliticalDefunct socialist parties in Italy]]

[[Category:Defunct political parties in Italy]]

[[Category:Left-wing politics in Italy]]

[[Category:Parties related to the Party of European Socialists]]

[[Category:Political parties disestablished in 2010]]

[[Category:Political parties established in 2007]]

{{italy-party-stub}}

[[it:Sinistra Democratica]]