Aegis Ballistic Missile Defense System: differenze tra le versioni
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[[File:Aegis_bmd_mda.jpg|thumb|Motto in [[Lingua latina|latino]]: ''Custos Custodum Ipsorum''; "Guard of the Guardians Themselves" in [[Lingua inglese|inglese]]]]
Il sistema '''Aegis Ballistic Missile Defense System''' (Aegis BMD o ABMD)<ref>{{cita testo|url=http://www.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a541070.pdf|titolo=Navy Tactical Reference Publication 1-02, Navy Supplement To The DOD Dictionary Of Military And Associated Terms, April 2011|urlarchivio=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304060601/http://www.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a541070.pdf }}</ref> è un programma del [[Dipartimento della
<div>È in grado su navi da guerra di colpire [[Missile balistico|missili balistici]] aumentando l'azione del [[Sistema Aegis|Aegis Combat System]] con l'aggiunta di radar AN/SPY-1 e missili standard. Vascelli con Aegis BMD possono trasmettere gli obiettivi al Ground-Based Midcourse Defense, se necessario, ingaggiando i bersagli con missili [[RIM-67 Standard|SM-2]] o [[RIM-161 Standard Missile 3|SM-3]].<ref name=mda_page>{{cita testo|url=http://www.mda.mil/system/aegis_bmd.html|titolo=Aegis BMD web page|urlarchivio=https://web.archive.org/web/20140125154343/http://www.mda.mil/system/aegis_bmd.html |postscript=nessuno}}, [[Missile Defense Agency|U.S. Missile Defense Agency]] official website.</ref><ref>{{cita testo|url=http://opencrs.com/document/RL33745/|titolo=Sea-Based Ballistic Missile Defense - Background and Issues for Congress|urlarchivio=https://web.archive.org/web/20140811152641/http://opencrs.com/document/RL33745/ }}</ref> Aegis BMD non ha capacità di intercettare missili ICBM, e versioni future potranno avere capacità limitata in questo senso.<ref>https://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/weapons/RL33745.pdf.</ref></div>
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=== Aegis Ashore ===
Una componente terrestre, ''Aegis Ashore'', è
=== SM-3 e SM-2 Block IV interceptors ===
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=== Giappone ===
La [[Kaijō Jieitai]] ha attualmente 8 vascelli LRST (Long Range Surveillance and Tracking) e di ingaggio equipaggiati con sistema Aegis: JS Kongo, JS Chokai, JS Myoko, JS Kirishima, JS Atago, JS Ashigara, JS Maya e JS Haguro.<ref>Swaine, Michael D.; Swanger, Rachel M.; Kawakami, Takashi (2001).</ref><ref>Shabalin, Maxim (2011).</ref> Il ministro degli esteri, Hirofumi Nakasone e il ministro sudcoreano omologo, Yu Myung-hwan, segnarono un accordo il 5 aprile 2009, dopo il lancio<ref>{{cita testo|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601101&sid=aK.TH7QUferU&refer=japan|titolo=North Korea Rocket Flew Over Japan, Government Says (Update1) - Bloomberg}}</ref> del satellite nordcoreano Unha-2, in violazione delle risoluzioni ONU 1695 e 1718 del luglio 2006. Il Governo giapponese approvò un ingaggio AEGIS BMD nell'eventualità di un fallimento del razzo Taepodong.<ref>{{cita testo|url=http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Korea/KC05Dg01.html|titolo=Asia Times Online:: Korea News and Korean Business and Economy, Pyongyang News|urlarchivio=https://web.archive.org/web/20160105104747/http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Korea/KC05Dg01.html }}</ref><ref>{{cita testo|url=http://www.prospect.org/csnc/blogs/tapped_archive?month=03&year=2009&base_name=lets_shoot_something_down|titolo=Let'S Shoot Something Down!|urlarchivio=https://archive.is/20120909150608/http://www.prospect.org/csnc/blogs/tapped_archive?month=03&year=2009&base_name=lets_shoot_something_down }}</ref><ref>https://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5jkw_Pm4GLFW4c9Bxvz2TiZnxacqA.</ref><ref>{{cita testo|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/worldNews/idUSTRE52H0MG20090318|titolo=Japan to ready defense against N.Korea rocket: Kyodo | Reuters}}</ref> Il Governo giapponese notò inoltre che l'avallo governativo poteva essere bypassato secondo Articolo 82, Sezione 2, Paragrafo 3 della legge di autodifesa.<ref>{{cita web |url=http://mdn.mainichi.jp/mdnnews/news/20090324p2a00m0na003000c.html |titolo=Copia archiviata |accesso=24 marzo 2009 |urlmorto=sì |urlarchivio=https://web.archive.org/web/20090326060928/http://mdn.mainichi.jp/mdnnews/news/20090324p2a00m0na003000c.html }}
== Reazioni internazionali ==
La [[Russia]] disse che il sistema alimentava una nuova corsa al riarmo
== Altre capacità ==
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! width="120" |Data
! Risultato
! class="unsortable" |Descrizione<ref name="CDI IFT">{{cita testo|url=http://www.cdi.org/pdfs/gmd%20ift2.pdf|titolo="Missile Defense Integrated Test Flights"|accesso=3 settembre 2017|dataarchivio=14 aprile 2012|urlarchivio=https://web.archive.org/web/20120414164509/http://www.cdi.org/pdfs/gmd%20ift2.pdf|
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|CTV-1
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|FTR-1a (Codename: Stellar Gemini) was conducted on January 25, 2001. This mission would be the first time a live unitary target was engaged by the Aegis BMD system. The test target was launched from the U.S. Navy's Pacific Missile Range Facility located on the Hawaiian island of Kauai.
FTR-1a would demonstrate exo-atmospheric avionics operation of the SM-3 Kinetic Warhead (KW) and the real-time performance of the Aegis BMD AN/SPY-1 radar. At the time this test was conducted, the KW's propulsion system, the Solid Divert and Attitude Control System (SDACS), was still being developed. Total system operation was demonstrated in FM-2. The mission was considered
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|FM-2
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|Jun 13, 2002
|Successo
|Aegis BMD succeeded in intercepting a unitary target missiles launched from PMRF during FM-3 (Codename: Stellar Impact). The USS ''Lake Erie'' was the firing ship. This mission marked the
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|FM-4
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|Dec 11, 2003
|Successo
|The next mission, Codename: Stellar Defender, implemented a modification to the SDACS design so as not to endanger the warhead's ability to intercept. This override allowed the KW to navigate with reduced (but no less lethal) capability. FM-6 once again featured a
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|FTM-04-1
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|Dec 7, 2006
|Fallito
|Due to an onboard error, the Aegis Weapon System failed to engage the test target and never launched the interceptor. The error was discovered and corrected prior to the retest of FTM-11 test flight. The USS ''Lake Erie'' was the firing ship.<ref>{{cita testo | url=http://www.mda.mil/mdalink/pdf/06fyi0090.pdf |
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|FTM-11 Event 4
|Apr 26, 2007
|Successo
|Aegis BMD
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|FTM-11A
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|Jun 22, 2007
|Successo
|The USS ''Decatur'', using the operationally-certified Aegis Ballistic Missile Defense Weapon System (BMD 3.6) and the Standard Missile 3 (SM-3) Block IA missile,
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|FTM-13
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|Jun 6, 2008
|Successo
|The USS ''Lake Erie''
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|FTM-15
|Apr 15, 2011
|Successo
|the Missile Defense Agency (MDA), the USS ''O'Kane'' (DDG-77), and the 94th Army Air and Missile Defense Command operating from the 613th Air and Space Operations Center at Hickam Air Force Base, Hawaii,
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|FTM-16 Event 1
|Mar 15, 2011
|Successo
|The USS ''Lake Erie''
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|FTM-16 Event 2
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|May 9, 2012
|Successo
|The USS ''Lake Erie'' (CG-70)
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|FTM-17
|Jul 30, 2009
|Successo
|The USS ''Hopper'' (DDG 70), detected, tracked, fired and guided a Standard Missile 3 (SM-3) Block (Blk) IA to intercept a sub-scale short range ballistic missile.<ref name="mda.mil"/><ref>{{cita testo|url=http://www.mda.mil/news/09news0015.html|titolo=Second-Generation Aegis Ballistic Missile Defense System Completes Second
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|FTM-18
|Jun 27, 2012
|Successo
|The USS ''Lake Erie'' (CG-70)
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|FTM-19
|May 16, 2013
|Successo
|The USS ''Lake Erie'' (CG-70)
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|FTM-20
|Feb 13, 2013
|Successo
|The USS ''Lake Erie'' (CG-70)
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|FTO-1
|Sep 10, 2013
|Successo
|FTO-01 was conducted in the vicinity of the U.S. Army Kwajalein Atoll/Reagan Test Site and surrounding areas in the western Pacific. The test stressed the ability of the Aegis Ballistic Missile Defense (BMD) and Terminal High Altitude Area Defense (THAAD) weapon systems to function in a layered defense architecture and defeat a raid of two near-simultaneous ballistic missile targets. The USS ''Decatur'' with its Aegis Weapon System detected and tracked the first target with its onboard AN/SPY-1 radar. The Aegis BMD weapon system developed a fire control solution, launched a Standard Missile 3 (SM-3) Block IA missile, and
In a demonstration of BMDS layered defense capabilities, a second AN/TPY-2 radar in Terminal Mode, located with the THAAD weapon system, acquired and tracked the target missiles. THAAD developed a fire control solution, launched a THAAD interceptor missile, and
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|FTM-21
|Sep 18, 2013
|Successo
|The USS ''Lake Erie'' (CG-70)
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|FTM-22
|Oct 3, 2013
|Successo
|The USS ''Lake Erie'' (CG-70)
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|Stellar Daggars
|Mar 26, 2009
|Successo
|The USS ''Benfold'' simultaneously engaged a SRBM in terminal phase and a cruise missile using SM-2s.<ref>{{cita web | url=http://www.news.navy.mil/search/display.asp?story_id=43808 | titolo=Copia archiviata | accesso=31 marzo 2009 | urlmorto=sì | urlarchivio=https://web.archive.org/web/20090410073647/http://www.news.navy.mil/search/display.asp?story_id=43808
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|JFTM-1
|Dec 17, 2001
|Successo
|The JFTM-1 test event verified the new engagement capability of the Aegis BMD configuration of the recently upgraded Japanese destroyer, JS ''Kongo'' (DDG-173). At approximately 12:05 pm (HST), 7:05 am Tokyo time on Dec. 18, 2007, a ballistic missile target was launched from the Pacific Missile Range Facility, Barking Sands, Kauai, Hawaii. JS ''Kongo'' crew members detected and tracked the target. The Aegis Weapon System then developed a fire control solution and at approximately 12:08 pm (HST), 7:08 am Tokyo time, a Standard Missile 3 (SM-3) Block IA was launched. Approximately 3 minutes later, the SM-3
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|JFTM-2
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|Nov 19, 2008
|Successo
|The JFTM-3 test event verified the newest engagement capability of the Japan Aegis BMD configuration of the recently upgraded Japanese destroyer, JS ''Myoko'' (DDG-175). At approximately 6:00pm (HST), 1:00 pm Tokyo time on Oct 28, a separating, medium-range ballistic missile target was launched from the Pacific Missile Range Facility, Barking Sands, Kauai, Hawaii. JS ''Myoko'' crew members detected and tracked the target. The Aegis Weapon System then developed a fire control solution and, at approximately 6:04pm (HST), 1:04 pm Tokyo time a Standard Missile 3 (SM-3) Block IA interceptor missile was launched. Approximately 3 minutes later, the SM-3
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|JFTM-4
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|The JFTM-4 test event verified the newest engagement capability of the Japan Aegis BMD configuration of the recently upgraded Japanese destroyer, JS ''Krishima''. At approximately 5:06 p.m. (HST), 12:06 p.m. Tokyo time on Oct. 29, 2010, a separating 1,000 km class ballistic missile target was launched from the Pacific Missile Range Facility at Barking Sands, Kauai, Hawaii.
JS ''Kirishima'' crew members detected and tracked the target. The Aegis Weapon System then developed a fire control solution and launched a Standard Missile 3 (SM-3) Block IA missile. Approximately three minutes later, the SM-3
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|FTI-01
|Oct 25, 2012
|Fallito
|The live-fire demonstration, conducted at U.S. Army Kwajalein Atoll/Reagan Test Site, Hickam AFB, and surrounding areas in the western Pacific, stressed the performance of the Aegis Ballistic Missile Defense (BMD), THAAD, and PATRIOT (PAC-3) weapon systems. The USS ''Fitzgerald''
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|Pacific BlitZ
|Nov 1, 2008
|Successo
|Pacific Blitz was the first U.S. Navy proficiency firing to employ the [[RIM-161 Standard Missile 3|SM-3]] missile against a ballistic missile target. During the Fleet Exercise "Pacific Blitz", two Pearl Harbor-based Aegis BMD destroyers, USS ''Paul Hamilton'' (DDG-60) and USS ''Hopper'' (DDG-70) fired SM-3 missiles at separate targets. Upon detecting and tracking the target, USS ''Paul Hamilton'' launched an SM-3 missile resulting in a direct hit. The USS ''Hopper''
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|Pacific Phoenix
|May 6, 2006
|Successo
|The USS ''Lake Erie''
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|FTM-25
|Nov 6, 2014
|Successo
|The USS
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|MMW event 1
|July 28, 2015
|Successo
|A short-range ballistic missile (SRBM) target was launched from PMRF in a northwesterly trajectory. The USS ''John Paul Jones'', positioned west of Hawaii, detected, tracked, and launched a SM-6 Dual I missile, resulting in a
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|MMW event 2
|July 29, 2015
|Successo
|A short-range ballistic missile (SRBM) target was launched from PMRF in a northwesterly trajectory. The USS ''John Paul Jones'', positioned west of Hawaii, detected, tracked, and launched a SM-6 Dual I missile, resulting in a
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|MTMD
|October 20, 2015
|Successo
|A Terrier-Orion short-range ballistic missile (SRBM) target was launched from the UK's Hebrides Range, northwest of Scotland. With multinational vessels in the North Atlantic participating in Maritime Theater Missile Defense, the USS ''Ross'' launched a SM-3 Block IA missile, resulting in a
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== Collegamenti esterni ==
* {{cita web|url=http://www.navy.mil|titolo=US Navy website}}
* {{cita testo|url=http://www.mda.mil/system/aegis_bmd.html|titolo=Aegis BMD web page|postscript=nessuno|accesso=3 settembre 2017|dataarchivio=25 gennaio 2014|urlarchivio=https://web.archive.org/web/20140125154343/http://www.mda.mil/system/aegis_bmd.html|
* {{cita web|url=http://fpc.state.gov/documents/organization/141600.pdf|titolo=US Government analysis}}
* {{cita testo|url=http://www.navytimes.com/news/2009/09/navy_bmd_ships_092809w/|titolo=BMD fleet plans Europe defense mission|postscript=nessuno}}, By Philip Ewing, Navy Times, Sep 30, 2009.
* {{collegamento interrotto|1={{cita testo|url=http://www.defensenews.com/story.php?i=4441026|titolo=U.S. Navy Juggles Ships To Fill BMD Demands}} |data=febbraio 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |postscript=nessuno}}, By Christopher P. Cavas, defensenews.com, January 4, 2010.
* {{cita testo|url=
* {{cita testo|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/07/31/AR2010073103048.html|titolo=U.S. nears key step in European defense shield against Iranian missiles|postscript=nessuno}}, By Craig Whitlock, Washington Post, August 1, 2010.
* {{collegamento interrotto|1={{cita testo|url=http://uspolitics.einnews.com/pr-news/188001-turkey-to-host-u-s-missile-defense|titolo=Turkey to Host U.S. Missile Defense}} |data=settembre 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |postscript=nessuno}}, PR Newswire, Oct. 18, 2010.
* {{cita testo|url=http://www.americanthinker.com/blog/2010/10/the_unintended_consequences_of.html|titolo=The unintended consequences of missile defense|postscript=nessuno}}, by Ron Lipsman, American Thinker, Oct 20, 2010.
* {{cita testo|url=
* {{cita testo|url=http://www.upi.com/Business_News/Security-Industry/2010/08/06/Aegis-upgrade-for-destroyers-cruisers/UPI-17741281115973/|titolo=Aegis upgrade for destroyers, cruisers|postscript=nessuno}}, UPI, Aug. 6, 2010.
* {{cita web|url=http://www.naval-technology.com/projects/aegis-ballistic-missile-defence-bmd-us/|titolo=Aegis Ballistic Missile Defence (BMD) System}}
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