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{{About|the party founded in 1964 that has since renamed to Die Heimat|the party that split from it in 2023|National Democratic Party of Germany (2023)|the East German political party|National Democratic Party of Germany (East Germany)}}{{Short description|Far-right political party in Germany}}
{{Use American English|date=January 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2023}}
{{Infobox political party
| name = The Homeland
| logo = Heimat-Logo2.svg
| logo_size = 250
| colorcode = {{party color|The Homeland (Germany)}}
| abbreviation =
| founders = {{plainlist|
* {{ill|Waldemar Schütz|de}}
* [[Adolf von Thadden]]
* ''...and others''}}
| foundation = {{Nowrap|{{start date and age|1964|11|28|df=yes}}}}
| ideology = {{Nowrap|[[Neo-Nazism]]<ref name="Liang2013">{{cite book|first=Christina|last=Schori Liang|chapter='Nationalism Ensures Peaces': the Foreign and Security Policy of the German Populist Radical Left After Reunification|editor=Christina Schori Liang|title=Europe for the Europeans: The Foreign and Security Policy of the Populist Radical Right|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7I_pDb1O2EQC&pg=PA139|year=2013|publisher=Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.|isbn=978-1-4094-9825-4|page=139|access-date=17 March 2016|archive-date=15 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190515165049/https://books.google.com/books?id=7I_pDb1O2EQC&pg=PA139|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="auto1">{{cite web|title = Neo-Nazi NPD party takes hold in municipal vote in Saxony|url = http://www.thelocal.de/politics/20080609-12381.html|publisher = thelocal.de/|date = 2008-06-09|access-date = 2009-06-10|archive-date = 28 September 2013|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130928023522/http://www.thelocal.de/politics/20080609-12381.html|url-status = live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| title= Neo-Nazis push into town councils| url= http://www.thelocal.de/politics/20090609-19809.html| publisher= thelocal.de| date= 2009-06-09| access-date= 2009-06-09| quote= The neo-Nazi NPD party is entering several German city parliaments for the first time after this weekend's local elections, news magazine Der Spiegel reported on Monday.| archive-date= 28 September 2013| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130928023518/http://www.thelocal.de/politics/20090609-19809.html| url-status= live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| title = Neonazis in der NPD auf dem Vormarsch| url = http://www.sueddeutsche.de/politik/550/469109/text/| work = Süddeutsche Zeitung| date = 2009-05-19| access-date = 2009-08-23| quote = Das neonazistische Spektrum hat seinen Einfluss innerhalb der NPD ausgebaut.| archive-date = 18 December 2009| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20091218061436/http://www.sueddeutsche.de/politik/550/469109/text/| url-status = live}}</ref><ref name="Nazis1">*[http://www.thelocal.de/politics/20090609-19809.html Neo-Nazis push into town councils] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130928023518/http://www.thelocal.de/politics/20090609-19809.html |date=28 September 2013}} published by thelocal.de on 9 June 2009 "The neo-Nazi NPD party is entering several German city parliaments for the first time after this weekend's local elections, news magazine Der Spiegel reported on Monday."
*[http://www.sueddeutsche.de/politik/550/469109/text/ Neonazis in der NPD auf dem Vormarsch] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091218061436/http://www.sueddeutsche.de/politik/550/469109/text/ |date=18 December 2009}} published by sueddeutsche.de on 19 May 2009 "Das neonazistische Spektrum hat seinen Einfluss innerhalb der NPD ausgebaut."
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20111216061903/http://verfassungsschutz.de/download/de/publikationen/verfassungsschutzbericht/vsbericht_2010/vsbericht_2010.pdf Verfassungsschutzbericht 2010] published by the German Ministry of the Interior p. 67 "Die ethnisch homogene „Volksgemeinschaft" stellt für sie das Kernelement dar."
* The National Democratic Party: Left Radicalism in the Federal Republic of Germany by John D. Nagle and published by Hardcover on 1 December 1970
*[https://books.google.com/books?id=7I_pDb1O2EQC&pg=PA139 Europe for the Europeans: The Foreign and Security Policy of the Populist Radical Right] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190515165049/https://books.google.com/books?id=7I_pDb1O2EQC&pg=PA139 |date=15 May 2019}} Chapter: 'Nationalism Ensures Peaces': the Foreign and Security Policy of the German Populist Alt Right After Reunification by Christina Schori Liang and published by Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. in 2013 p. 139
*[https://books.google.com/books?id=b8k4rEPvq_8C&pg=PA106 Encyclopedia of modern worldwide extremists and extremist groups] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190520173600/https://books.google.com/books?id=b8k4rEPvq_8C&pg=PA106 |date=20 May 2019}} by [[Stephen E. Atkins]]. p. 106 "the oldest of the German neo-Nazi parties"
*[https://books.google.com/books?id=HUQGCmSxSXcC&pg=PA318 Germany transformed: political culture and the new politics] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190521074740/https://books.google.com/books?id=HUQGCmSxSXcC&pg=PA318 |date=21 May 2019}}, by Kendall L. Baker, Russell J. Dalton, Kai Hildebrandt. p. 318 "the neo-Nazi NPD (National Democratic Party of Germany)"
*[https://books.google.com/books?id=hafLHZgZtt4C&pg=PA903 Europe since 1945: an encyclopedia, Volume 2] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190520031134/https://books.google.com/books?id=hafLHZgZtt4C&pg=PA903 |date=20 May 2019}}, by Bernard A. Cook. p.903 "possibly deserving of the label "neofascist" .... The NPD was founded in 1964 by survivors of the overtly neo-Nazi SRP"
*[https://books.google.com/books?id=shx4xET0JDIC&pg=PA287 The Routledge companion to Nazi Germany] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190520003515/https://books.google.com/books?id=shx4xET0JDIC&pg=PA287 |date=20 May 2019}} by Roderick Stackelberg. p.287 "a Neo-Nazi party founded in 1964 in West Germany"
*[https://books.google.com/books?id=bW-Z-5q-5zIC&pg=PA180 Encyclopaedia of international law] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160425135400/https://books.google.com/books?id=bW-Z-5q-5zIC&pg=PA180 |date=25 April 2016}} by Vinod K. Lall, Danial Khemchand. p. 180 "frankly fascist NPD", "the Neo-Nazi NPD", "this neo-Nazi organization"
*[https://books.google.com/books?id=SX4B7pNG3W8C&pg=PR23 The beast reawakens] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190519064308/https://books.google.com/books?id=SX4B7pNG3W8C&pg=PR23 |date=19 May 2019}} by Martin A. Lee. "neo-Nazi NPD"</ref><ref name="Al Jazeera, 31 Oct 2021"/><br />[[German nationalism|German]] [[ultranationalism]]<ref name="Al Jazeera, 31 Oct 2021">{{cite news |last= Pikulicka-Wilczewska |first= Agnieszka |date= 21 April 2018 |title= German town on alert as neo-Nazi festival, counter events held |url= https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2018/4/21/german-town-on-alert-as-neo-nazi-festival-counter-events-held |work= Al Jazeera |access-date= 31 October 2021}}</ref>}}
| headquarters = Carl-Arthur-Bühring-Haus, Seelenbinderstrasse 42,<br />12555 [[Berlin]]
| website = {{URL|https://die-heimat.de|die-heimat.de}}
| country = Germany
| native_name = Die Heimat
| leader1_title = [[Party leader|Party Chairman]]
| leader1_name = [[Peter Schreiber (politician)|Peter Schreiber]]
| merger = {{ubli|''[[Deutsche Reichspartei]]''<ref name="Cheles">Luciano Cheles, Ronnie Ferguson & Michalina Vaughan (1991), ''Neo-Fascism in Europe'', Longman, p. 71</ref><ref>Horst W. Schmollinger, Richard Stöss (1975), ''Die Parteien und die Presse der Parteien und Gewerkschaften in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland 1945–1974'', Westdeutscher Verlag, p. 187</ref>|[[German National People's Party#Post-war|DNVP]] (1962)<ref>Stöss, Richard (1989). ''Die extreme Rechte in der Bundesrepublik: Entwicklung – Ursachen – Gegenmaßnahmen''. Westdeutscher Verlag. p. 126</ref>}}
| newspaper = {{lang|de|Deutsche Stimme}}
| youth_wing = {{lang|de|Junge Nationalisten}}<ref name="Nationaldemokratische">{{cite web|url=https://www.bundeswahlleiter.de/de/parteien/downloads/parteien/Nationaldemokratische_Partei_Deutschlands.pdf|date=16 June 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110616051839/https://www.bundeswahlleiter.de/de/parteien/downloads/parteien/Nationaldemokratische_Partei_Deutschlands.pdf|archive-date=16 June 2011 |title=Nationaldemokratische Partei Deutschlands |url-status=dead |access-date=29 September 2021}}</ref>
| membership = {{Decrease}} 3,000 (2022 {{estimation}})<ref>[https://www.verfassungsschutz.de/SharedDocs/publikationen/EN/reports-on-the-protection-of-the-constitution/2023-06-brief-summary-2022-report-on-the-protection-of-the-constitution.pdf?__blob=publicationFile&v=4 Brief summary 2022 Report on the Protection of the Constitution. Facts and trends] verfassungsschutz.de</ref>
| position = [[Far-right politics in Germany (1945–present)|Far-right]]<ref name="farright">
* {{Cite book
| author2-link=Donatella della Porta
| first1=Manuela
| first2=Donatella
| first3=Claudius
| isbn=9780199641260
| last1=Caiani
| last2=della Porta
| last3=Wagemann
| page=194
| publication-place=Oxford
| publisher=Oxford University Press
| title=Mobilizing on the Extreme Right: Germany, Italy, and the United States
| url={{Google Books URL|id=f93rxyrpw2cC|p=194}}
| year=2012
}}
* {{Cite news
| access-date=2023-11-08
| date=2012-05-14
| title=European Court Could Thwart Bid to Ban Far-Right Party
| url=https://www.spiegel.de/international/germany/european-court-could-block-german-bid-to-ban-npd-a-833053.html
| work=Der Spiegel}}
* {{Cite news
| access-date=2019-08-11
| date=2019-01-04
| title=German far-right NPD threatens vigilante patrols
| url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-46757504
| work=BBC News}}
* {{Cite news
| date=2019-05-14
| first=Nate
| last=Berg
| title=Germany's 'joke' party wants seat at EU table
| url=https://www.politico.eu/article/die-partei-germany-satirists-want-seat-at-eu-table/
| work=Politico
}}
</ref>
| slogan = ''Die soziale Heimatpartei''<br />('The Social Homeland Party')
| affiliation1_title = [[European political party|European affiliation]]
| affiliation1 = {{Nowrap|[[Alliance for Peace and Freedom]]}}
| affiliation2_title = [[Political groups of the European Parliament|European Parliament group]]
| affiliation2 = ''[[Non-Inscrits]]''
| seats1_title = [[Bundestag]]
| seats1 = {{Composition bar|0|630|hex={{party color|National Democratic Party of Germany}}}}
| seats2_title = [[Bundesrat of Germany|Bundesrat]]
| seats2 = {{Composition bar|0|69|hex={{party color|National Democratic Party of Germany}}}}
| seats3_title = [[Composition of the German State Parliaments|State Parliaments]]
| seats3 = {{Composition bar|0|1821|hex={{party color|National Democratic Party of Germany}}}}
| seats4_title = [[European Parliament]]
| seats4 = {{Composition bar|0|96|hex={{party color|National Democratic Party of Germany}}}}
| colours = {{ubl|{{color box|{{party color|The Homeland}}|border=darkgray}} Gold|{{color box|{{party color|National Democratic Party of Germany}}|border=darkgray}} Brown (customary, as NPD)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tagesschau.de/wahl/archiv/2011-09-04-LT-DE-MV/|title=tagesschau.de|website=tagesschau.de}}</ref>|{{color box|white|border=darkgray}} White}}
| flag = Flag of The Homeland.svg
}}
{{Neo-Nazism sidebar|organizations}}
The '''National Democratic Party of Germany''' ({{langx|de|Nationaldemokratische Partei Deutschlands|links=no}}, '''NPD'''), officially called '''The Homeland''' ({{langx|de|Die Heimat}}) since 2023, is a [[Far-right politics|far-right]], [[Neo-Nazism|neo-Nazi]] and [[Ultranationalism|ultranationalist]] political party in Germany. It was founded in 1964 as successor to the [[Deutsche Reichspartei|German Reich Party]] ({{langx|de|link=no|Deutsche Reichspartei}}, DRP). Party statements also self-identified the party as Germany's "only significant patriotic force" (2012).<ref>{{cite web |publisher=NPD |title=NPD – einzige ernstzunehmende nationale Kraft! |date=28 September 2009 |access-date=14 February 2012 |url=http://www.npd.de/html/714/artikel/detail/1015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121122195835/http://www.npd.de/html/714/artikel/detail/1015/ |archive-date=22 November 2012}}<!--Translating "national" as "patriotic"--></ref> On 1 January 2011, the nationalist [[German People's Union]] merged with the NPD and the party name of the National Democratic Party of Germany was extended by the addition of "The People's Union".<ref name="npd.de">{{cite web |url=http://www.npd.de/html/1/artikel/detail/1933/ |title=NPD – Start |publisher=NPD |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101125171652/http://npd.de/html/1/artikel/detail/1933/ |archive-date=2010-11-25| access-date=2015-01-15| url-status=dead}}</ref>
As a [[neo-Nazism|neo-Nazi]] organization,<ref name="neonazi">* {{Cite book| access-date=2023-11-08| chapter-url={{Google Books URL|id=7I_pDb1O2EQC|p=139}}| chapter='Nationalism Ensures Peaces': the Foreign and Security Policy of the German Populist Radical Left After Reunification| first=Christina Schori| isbn=9781409498254| last=Liang| page=139| publication-place=Aldershot, England| publisher=Ashgate| title=Europe for the Europeans: The Foreign and Security Policy of the Populist Radical Right| year=2013}}* {{Cite web| access-date=2023-11-08| archive-date=2013-09-28| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130928023522/http://www.thelocal.de/politics/20080609-12381.html| date=2008-06-09| work=thelocal.de| title=Neo-Nazi NPD party takes hold in municipal vote in Saxony| url-status=dead| url=http://www.thelocal.de/politics/20080609-12381.html}}* {{Cite web| access-date=2009-06-09| archive-date=28 September 2013| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130928023518/http://www.thelocal.de/politics/20090609-19809.html| date=2009-06-09| work=thelocal.de| quote=The neo-Nazi NPD party is entering several German city parliaments for the first time after this weekend’s local elections, news magazine Der Spiegel reported on Monday.| title=Neo-Nazis push into town councils| url-status=dead| url=http://www.thelocal.de/politics/20090609-19809.html}}* {{Cite web| access-date=2023-11-08| archive-date=2009-12-18| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091218061436/http://www.sueddeutsche.de/politik/550/469109/text/| date=2009-05-19| quote=Das neonazistische Spektrum hat seinen Einfluss innerhalb der NPD ausgebaut.| trans-quote=The neo-Nazi spectrum has expanded its influence within the NPD.| title=Neonazis in der NPD auf dem Vormarsch| trans-title=Neo-Nazis in the NPD on the rise| language=de| url-status=dead| url=http://www.sueddeutsche.de/politik/550/469109/text/| work=Süddeutsche Zeitung}}* [https://web.archive.org/web/20111216061903/http://verfassungsschutz.de/download/de/publikationen/verfassungsschutzbericht/vsbericht_2010/vsbericht_2010.pdf "Verfassungsschutzbericht 2010"]. German Ministry of the Interior. p. 67. {{lang|de|"Die ethnisch homogene „Volksgemeinschaft“ stellt für sie das Kernelement dar.}} ("The ethnically homogeneous 'national community' represents the core element for them.")
* John D. Nagle (1 December 1970). ''The National Democratic Party: Right<!--originally cited as "Left" which is obviously incorrect--> Radicalism in the Federal Republic of Germany''. University of California Press.
* [[Stephen E. Atkins]]. [https://books.google.com/books?id=b8k4rEPvq_8C&pg=PA106 ''Encyclopedia of modern worldwide extremists and extremist groups'']. p. 106. "the oldest of the German neo-Nazi parties"
* Kendall L. Baker, Russell J. Dalton, Kai Hildebrandt. [https://books.google.com/books?id=HUQGCmSxSXcC&pg=PA318 ''Germany transformed: political culture and the new politics'']. p. 318. "the neo-Nazi NPD (National Democratic Party of Germany)"
* Bernard A. Cook. [https://books.google.com/books?id=hafLHZgZtt4C&pg=PA903 ''Europe since 1945: an encyclopedia''], Volume 2. p. 903. "possibly deserving of the label 'neofascist' ... The NPD was founded in 1964 by survivors of the overtly neo-Nazi SRP"
* Roderick Stackelberg. [https://books.google.com/books?id=shx4xET0JDIC&pg=PA287 ''The Routledge companion to Nazi Germany''] p. 287. "a Neo-Nazi party founded in 1964 in West Germany"
* Vinod K. Lall, Danial Khemchand. [https://books.google.com/books?id=bW-Z-5q-5zIC&pg=PA180 ''Encyclopaedia of international law'']{{Dead link|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes}}. p. 180. "frankly fascist NPD", "the Neo-Nazi NPD", "this neo-Nazi organization"
* Martin A. Lee. [https://books.google.com/books?id=SX4B7pNG3W8C&pg=PR23 ''The beast reawakens'']. "neo-Nazi NPD"
* {{Cite news| access-date=2023-11-08| date=2018-04-21| first=Agnieszka| last=Pikulicka-Wilczewska| title=German town on alert as neo-Nazi festival, counter events held| url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2018/4/21/german-town-on-alert-as-neo-nazi-festival-counter-events-held| work=Al Jazeera}}</ref><ref name="aljazeera20231108">{{Cite news| access-date=2023-11-08| date=2018-04-21| first=Agnieszka| last=Pikulicka-Wilczewska| title=German town on alert as neo-Nazi festival, counter events held| url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2018/4/21/german-town-on-alert-as-neo-nazi-festival-counter-events-held| work=[[Al Jazeera]]}}</ref> it has been referred to as "the most significant neo-Nazi party to emerge after 1945".<ref name="Nazis2">Peter Davies, Derek Lynch, [https://books.google.com/books?id=9dgvDn9hoe0C&pg=PA315 ''The Routledge companion to fascism and the far right''], Psychology Press, 2002, pg. 315</ref> The German [[Federal Agency for Civic Education]], or BPB, has criticized the NPD for working with members of organizations which were later found unconstitutional by the federal courts and disbanded,<ref name="Rechtsextremismus">{{cite web|title= Rechtsextremismus|url= http://www.bpb.de/themen/CNCDW9,79,0,Glossar.html|publisher = Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung|date= 2006|access-date=2015-10-15|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120222032349/http://www.bpb.de/themen/CNCDW9,79,0,Glossar.html| archive-date=22 February 2012| url-status=dead|quote= Auch zeigte sich die NPD nun bereit, mit radikalen Kräften aus dem parteiungebundenen Spektrum zusammenzuarbeiten. Formal gilt nach wie vor ein Unvereinbarkeitsbeschluss der NPD-Mitgliedschaft mit der Mitgliedschaft in verbotenen Gruppierungen. Faktisch jedoch setzt sich die NPD mit ihrer Strategie bewusst über die offizielle Verlautbarung hinweg. Die NPD wolle in Zukunft mit denjenigen zusammenzuarbeiten, die dazu bereit seien, 'als politische Soldaten zu denken und zu handeln', so die neue Strategie.}}</ref><ref name="zusammenspiel zwischen NPD und Neonazis">{{cite web| title= Zusammenspiel zwischen NPD und Neonazis im niedersächsischen Landtagswahlkampf| url= http://www.verfassungsschutzgegenrechtsextremismus.de/de/aktuelles/news-detailansicht/artikel/11/zusammenspiel-zwischen-npd-und-neonazis-im-niedersaechsischen-landtagswahlkampf.html| publisher= Landesamt für Verfassungsschutz Bremen| date= 30 November 2007| access-date= 2 August 2009| quote= Die Kooperation zwischen der NPD und den Freien Nationalisten (Angehörige von neonazistischen Kameradschaften) prägt das Auftreten der Partei im niedersächsischen Landtagswahlkampf. Bekannte Neonazis treten für die NPD als Direktkandidaten an, z.B. Dennis BÜHRIG in Bergen, Klaus HELLMUND in Celle, Mathias BEHRENS in Soltau oder Dieter RIEFLING in Hildesheim.| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20161002075503/http://www.verfassungsschutzgegenrechtsextremismus.de/de/aktuelles/news-detailansicht/artikel/11/zusammenspiel-zwischen-npd-und-neonazis-im-niedersaechsischen-landtagswahlkampf.html| archive-date= 2 October 2016| url-status= dead}}</ref> while the [[Federal Office for the Protection of the Constitution]] (BfV), Germany's domestic security agency, classifies The Homeland as a "threat to the constitutional order" because of its [[#Platform and ideology|platform and ideology]], and it is under their observation.<ref name="aust">[http://www.austriantimes.at/index.php?id=12379 "Austrian 'neo-Nazi' joins NPD's executive committee"] (8 April 2009). {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110531201818/http://www.austriantimes.at/index.php?id=12379 |date=31 May 2011}}. ''Austrian Times''.</ref> An effort to outlaw the party failed in 2003, as the government had many informers and agents in the party, some in high position, who had written part of the material used against them.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.focus.de/politik/deutschland/v-mann-affaere-fatale-frenz-connection_aid_204938.html|title=V-Mann-Affäre|work=Focus|access-date=16 May 2017|archive-date=14 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171014082844/http://www.focus.de/politik/deutschland/v-mann-affaere-fatale-frenz-connection_aid_204938.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
Since its founding in 1964, the party has never managed to win enough votes on the federal level to cross Germany's 5% minimum threshold for representation in the [[Bundestag]]; it has succeeded in crossing the 5% threshold and gaining representation in state parliaments 11 times, including one-convocation entry to seven West German state parliaments between November 1966 and April 1968 and two-convocation electoral success in two East German states of [[Saxony]] and [[Mecklenburg-Vorpommern]] between 2004 and 2011.<ref name="wahlrecht">{{cite web|last=Zicht|first=Wilko|title=Wahlergebnisse|url=http://www.wahlrecht.de/ergebnisse/|work=Wahlrecht.de|access-date=5 May 2014|language=de}}</ref> Since 2016, The Homeland has not been represented in state parliaments. [[Udo Voigt]] led the NPD from 1996 to 2011.<ref name=aust/> He was succeeded by [[Holger Apfel]],<ref>[http://www.bnr.de/artikel/aktuelle-meldungen/stabwechsel-bei-der-npd "Stabwechsel bei der NPD"]. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120121070449/http://www.bnr.de/artikel/aktuelle-meldungen/stabwechsel-bei-der-npd |date=21 January 2012}} ''[[Blick nach rechts]]''. Accessed 14 November 2011.</ref> who in turn was replaced by [[Udo Pastörs]] in December 2013. In November 2014, Pastörs was ousted and [[Frank Franz]] became the party's leader. Voigt was elected the party's first [[Member of the European Parliament]] in 2014. The party lost the seat in the [[2019 European Parliament election in Germany|2019 European Parliament election]]. In June 2023, the party renamed itself to {{lang|de|Die Heimat}} after a party vote.<ref name=":3">{{cite news |date=3 June 2023 |work=Spiegel |title=Rechtsextreme NPD heißt jetzt 'Die Heimat' |trans-title=Right Wing NPD Now Named "Die Heimat" |language=de |url=https://www.spiegel.de/politik/deutschland/npd-benennt-sich-in-die-heimat-um-a-803d45e1-d362-4294-b485-2fffaac355d4}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bundeswahlleiterin.de/dam/jcr/477203a4-8602-497d-9311-89d9a7c7b78a/anschriftenverzeichnis_parteien.pdf|title=Verzeichnis der Parteien und politischen Vereinigungen, die gemäß § 6 Absatz 3 Parteiengesetz bei der Bundeswahlleiterin Parteiunterlagen hinterlegt haben
|website=bundeswahlleiterin.de|language=de}}</ref>
On 23 January 2024, the [[Federal Constitutional Court]] excluded the party from [[Political party funding|party funding]] for six years, arguing that it continued to oppose the fundamental principles that are indispensable for the free democratic constitutional state and aimed to eliminate them.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-01-23 |title=Die Partei Die Heimat (vormals NPD) ist für die Dauer von sechs Jahren von der staatlichen Parteienfinanzierung ausgeschlossen |url=https://www.bundesverfassungsgericht.de/SharedDocs/Pressemitteilungen/DE/2024/bvg24-009.html |access-date=2024-07-03 |website=Bundesverfassungsgericht.de}}</ref>
==History==
===20th century===
[[File:Nationaldemokratische Partei Deutschlands.svg|thumb|192x192px|NPD logo until the end of 2010]]
In the 1950s, despite the lack of complete [[de-Nazification]], early right-wing extremist parties in [[West Germany]] failed to attract voters away from the moderate government that had presided over Germany's recovery.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Ignazi|first=Piero|date=2003|title=Extreme Right Parties in Western Europe|url=http://www.oxfordscholarship.com/view/10.1093/0198293259.001.0001/acprof-9780198293255|url-status=live|page=66|publisher=Oxford University Press|doi=10.1093/0198293259.001.0001|isbn=9780198293255|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190327204923/http://www.oxfordscholarship.com/view/10.1093/0198293259.001.0001/acprof-9780198293255|archive-date=27 March 2019|access-date=27 March 2019}}</ref>
[[Adolf von Thadden]], an artillery officer in [[World War II]] and Nazi Party member,{{sfn|Nagle|1970|p=17}} was active in far-right politics in the West Germany and was elected to the Bundestag in 1949. Thadden supported [[Werner Naumann]], an associate of [[Joseph Goebbels]], after his arrest and included him on the [[Deutsche Reichspartei]]'s (DRP) list of candidates for the [[1953 West German federal election|1953 election]]. However, the government removed Naumann as a candidate and the party only received around 1% of the vote. Thadden then worked with [[Wilhelm Meinberg]], a Nazi [[Reichstag (Nazi Germany)|Reichstag]] member and recipient of the [[Golden Party Badge]], and Heinrich Kunstmann, who joined the Nazi Party before [[Adolf Hitler]]. Both Meinberg and Kunstmann served as chairs of the DRP. Thadden replaced Kunstmann as chair in 1961 after continued electoral failures.{{sfn|Long|1968|pp=190-192}} Thadden's DRP allied with the [[All-German Bloc/League of Expellees and Deprived of Rights|BHE]] and [[German Party (1947)|German Party]] (DP) for the 1951 Bremen elections as none of the parties were strong enough to win on their own. This alliance received 5.2% of the vote and gained 4 seats in the [[Bürgerschaft of Bremen|bürgerschaft]].{{sfn|Long|1968|p=201}}
On 28 November 1964, around 600 people met in the banqueting hall of the Döhrener Maschpark inn in [[Bonn]] at the invitation of [[Friedrich Thielen]]. The National Democratic Party of Germany was formed at this meeting and 437 of those in attendance became members{{sfn|Long|1968|p=189}} although they were allowed to maintain their membership in other parties.{{sfn|Nagle|1970|p=33}} Thielen was selected to be chair of the party.{{sfn|Long|1968|p=189}} Thadden, who proposed the unification of Germany's far-right parties, was made deputy chair. The newspaper he co-owned, ''Deutsche Nachrichten'' became the NPD's newspaper.{{sfn|Long|1968|p=190}} The DRP, BHE, DP, and [[German National People's Party]] merged into the NPD. The NPD was organised in 196 of 248 federal election districts by April 1965. The party's first convention was held on 7–9 May 1965 in Hannover with 1,007 delegates and 2,000 non-delegates in attendance while. The party's membership of 7,500 was far smaller than the [[Christian Democratic Union of Germany|Christian Democratic Union]] (CDU)'s 390,000 and [[Social Democratic Party of Germany|Social Democratic Party]]'s 700,000.{{sfn|Long|1968|pp=202-203}} 8 of the NDP's 18 national committee members were former members of the NSDAP.{{sfn|Nagle|1970|p=34}}
Thadden believed that 30% of the national voting public were undecided and that 15% could be swayed to support the NPD in the [[1965 West German federal election|1965 federal election]]. He launched a national car convey for the campaign starting in Cologne. Thielen and other members of the party laid wreathes on the graves of Nazi war criminals at [[Landsberg Prison]]. High profile people joined the party, such as Olympic gold medalist [[Frank Schepke]] and rocket pioneer [[Hermann Oberth]]. The NPD received 2% of the vote, below the 5% needed to gain seats and the 15% claimed in party propaganda.{{sfn|Long|1968|pp=204-207}}{{sfn|Nagle|1970|p=38}}
Thadden served as chairman from 1967 to 1971. Owing to von Thadden's effective leadership the NPD achieved success in the late 1960s, winning local government seats across West Germany.<ref name="wesley">{{Cite book|last=Chapin|first=Wesley D.|title=Germany for the Germans?|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|year=1997|isbn=0-313-30258-8|pages=70–73}}</ref> A rise in unemployment from 105,000 in August 1966, to 673,000 in February 1967, helped the NDP grow and earn 8 seats in the [[Landtag of Hesse]]{{sfn|Nagle|1970|pp=40-42}} and became the third-largest party in the [[Landtag of Bavaria]] with 15 seats.{{sfn|Nagle|1970|pp=45-46}}
Helping pave the way for these NPD gains were an economic downturn, frustrations with the emerging leftist youth counter-culture, and the emergence of a tripartite [[Grand Coalition (Germany)|Grand Coalition]] among the centre-right [[Christian Democratic Union of Germany|Christian Democratic Union]] (CDU), the [[Christian Social Union of Bavaria|Christian Social Union]] (the CDU's present-day sister party), and the centre-left [[Social Democratic Party of Germany|Social Democratic Party]] (SPD). The coalition government had created a vacuum in the traditional [[right-wing politics|political right wing]], which the NPD tried to fill.<ref name="wesley" /> Additionally, the party benefited from hostility to the [[Immigration to Germany#After World War II until reunification (1945-1990)|growing immigrant population]] and fears that the government would relinquish claims to the "lost territories" ([[Territorial evolution of Germany#Finalization of the Polish-German border|pre-World War II German territory east of the Oder-Neisse River]]).<ref>{{Cite book|last=Carr|first=William|title=A History of Germany: 1815-1990|publisher=Hodder & Stoughton|year=1991|edition=4th|___location=London, United Kingdom|pages=383}}</ref> However, the growing popularity of the [[Kiesinger cabinet]] and improvements in the economy, with unemployment falling to 576,000 in March 1967, harmed the NDP's electoral prospects.{{sfn|Nagle|1970|pp=49-50}}
In late 1967, Thielen wanted somebody other than Thadden to lead the party in Lower Saxony, but Thadden ignored this and was elected chair on 5 February. The former chair, Lothar Kühne, and {{ill|Fritz Winkelmann|de|Fritz Winkelmann}} sued stating that Thadden was in violation of the NDP's bylaws. The court ruled in Kühne's favour on 8 March, and restored him as chair. On 10 March, Thielen had Thadden expelled from the party alongside seven other members, but the next day Thadden used his allies in the executive committee to expel Thielen{{sfn|Long|1968|pp=217-218}}{{sfn|Nagle|1970|pp=52-53}} and Harbord Grone-Endebrock, an ally of Thadden, was made chair in Lower Saxony.{{sfn|Nagle|1970|p=57}} Thielen broke away to form the Nationale Volkspartei (NVP), but only a few hundred of the NPD's 25,000 members joined him. {{ill|Franz Florian Winter|de|Franz Florian Winter}}, the chair of the Bavarian affiliate, resigned a few months later stating that the party was under the control of right-wing extremists.{{sfn|Long|1968|pp=217-218}}{{sfn|Nagle|1970|p=60}} At the NDP's 3rd national convention in November 1967, Thadden was elected chair by 93% of the delegates.{{sfn|Nagle|1970|p=64}}
The NDP received 4.3% of the vote in the [[1969 West German federal election|1969 federal election]], but failed to gain any seats.{{sfn|Nagle|1970|p=206}} When the grand coalition fell apart, around 75 percent of those who had voted for the NPD drifted back to the centre-right. During the 1970s, the NPD went into decline, suffering from an internal split over failing to get into the [[Bundestag|German Parliament]]. The issue of [[Immigration to Germany|immigration]] spurred a small rebound in popular interest from the mid-1980s to the early 1990s, but the party only saw limited success in various local elections.<ref name=wesley/>
===2000s===
In the [[2004 Saxony state election|2004 state election]] in Saxony, the NPD won 9.2% of the overall vote. After [[2009 Saxony state election|the 2009 state election in Saxony]], the NPD sent eight representatives to the Saxony state parliament, having lost four representatives since the 2004 election. The NPD lost their representation in Saxony in the [[2014 Saxony state election|2014 state election]]. They also lost all representation in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern in the [[2016 Mecklenburg-Vorpommern state election|2016 state election]].
The NPD maintained a non-competition agreement with the [[Deutsche Volksunion|German People's Union]] (DVU) between 2004 and 2009. The third nationalist-oriented party, [[Republicans (Germany)|the Republicans]] (REP), has so far refused to join this agreement. However, Kerstin Lorenz, a local representative of the Republicans in Saxony, sabotaged her party's registration to help the NPD in the Saxony election.<ref>Kerstin Lorenz, ehem. [https://web.archive.org/web/20041109215804/http://www.wno.org/newpages/par46b.html Landeschefin der Republikaner in Sachsen, tritt in die NPD ein!] Archived from [http://www.wno.org/newpages/par46b.html the original] on 9 November 2004. (German)</ref>
In the [[2005 German federal election|2005 federal elections]], the NPD received 1.6 percent of the vote nationally. It garnered the highest percent of votes in the states of [[Saxony]] (4.9 percent), [[Thuringia]] (3.7 percent), [[Mecklenburg-Vorpommern]] (3.5 percent) and [[Brandenburg]] (3.2 percent), all formerly part of [[East Germany]]. In most other states, the party won around 1 percent of the total votes cast. In the [[2006 Mecklenburg-Vorpommern state election]], the NPD received 7.3% of the vote and thus achieved state representation there, as well.<ref>{{cite news|date=18 September 2006|title=Poll boost for German far right|publisher=BBC News|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/5349696.stm|access-date=19 April 2012}}</ref>
The NPD had 5,300 registered party members in 2004.<ref name="HochschildMollenkopf2009">{{cite book|first1=Jennifer L.|last1=Hochschild|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=D5Ygz60rwHgC&pg=PA147|title=Bringing Outsiders in: Transatlantic Perspectives on Immigrant Political Incorporation|first2=John H.|last2=Mollenkopf|publisher=Cornell University Press|year=2009|isbn=978-0-8014-7514-6|page=147}}</ref> Over the course of 2006, the NPD processed roughly 2,000 party applications to push the membership total over 7,200. In 2008, the trend of a growing number of members has been reversed and the party's membership is estimated at 7,000.<ref name="NPD membership">{{cite web|date=May 2009|title=Verfassungsschutzbericht 2008|url=https://www.verfassungsschutz.de/de/publikationen/verfassungsschutzbericht/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090224153421/http://verfassungsschutz.de/de/publikationen/verfassungsschutzbericht|archive-date=24 February 2009|access-date=23 August 2009|publisher=Verfassungsschutz.de|page=79|quote=Mit rund 7.000 Mitgliedern verzeichnete die NPD im Vergleich zum Vorjahr (7.200) einen leichten Rückgang, bleibt jedoch mitgliederstärkste Partei im rechtsextremistischen Spektrum.}}</ref>
In the [[2014 European Parliament election in Germany|2014 European elections]], Udo Voigt was elected as the party's first [[Member of the European Parliament]].<ref>{{cite news|date=26 May 2014|title=Meet the new faces ready to sweep into the European parliament|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/may/26/meet-the-new-faces-in-the-european-parliament|url-status=live|access-date=11 January 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200227225722/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/may/26/meet-the-new-faces-in-the-european-parliament|archive-date=27 February 2020}}</ref>
In September 2019, NPD politician [[Stefan Jagsch]] was elected as representative of [[Altenstadt, Hesse|Altenstadt]]-Waldsiedlung. The unanimous election of the NPD politician by the local council led to irritation and horror in other parties, such as Angela Merkel's Christian Democratic Union (CDU), the centre-left Social Democrats (SPD), and the liberal Free Democratic Party (FDP), whose local council members had voted for Jagsch.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Dikov|first=Ivan|date=7 September 2019|title=Far-Right Politician's Election as Town Council Head Shocks Germany's Mainstream Parties|url=https://www.european-views.com/2019/09/far-right-politicians-election-as-town-council-head-shocks-germanys-mainstream-parties/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191006203422/https://www.european-views.com/2019/09/far-right-politicians-election-as-town-council-head-shocks-germanys-mainstream-parties/|archive-date=6 October 2019|access-date=9 September 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Germany: Merkel party colleagues elect far-right extremist to local council|date=2019-07-09|url=https://www.dw.com/en/germany-merkel-party-colleagues-elect-far-right-extremist-to-local-council/a-50340079|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190909075650/https://www.dw.com/en/germany-merkel-party-colleagues-elect-far-right-extremist-to-local-council/a-50340079|archive-date=9 September 2019|access-date=9 September 2019|publisher=Deutsche Welle}}</ref>
====Merger with DVU====
[[File:NPD Logo.svg|thumb|182x182px|Logo of the NPD after its merger with the DVU until 2013]]
At the 2010 NPD party conference at Bamberg it was announced that the party would ask its members to approve a merger with the [[German People's Union]] (DVU).<ref>{{cite news|date=4 June 2010|title=German neo-Nazi parties 'consider merger'|work=The Daily Telegraph|___location=London|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/germany/7804533/German-neo-Nazi-parties-consider-merger.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220112/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/germany/7804533/German-neo-Nazi-parties-consider-merger.html |archive-date=12 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live}}{{cbignore}}</ref> After the merger on 1 January 2011, the combined party briefly used the name ''NPD – Die Volksunion'' (NPD - The People's Union).<ref name="npd.de"/> Between 2004 and 2009 the two parties had agreed not to compete against each other in elections. However, on 27 January 2011, Munich's ''[[Landgericht (Germany)|Landgericht]]'' (regional court) in a [[preliminary injunction]] declared the merger [[null and void]].<ref>{{cite web|first=Frank|last=Jansen|date=27 January 2011|title=Rechtsextreme Parteien: Fusion von NPD und DVU ist unwirksam – Politik – Tagesspiegel|url=http://www.tagesspiegel.de/politik/fusion-von-npd-und-dvu-ist-unwirksam/3773068.html|access-date=23 September 2018|work=Der Tagesspiegel|language=de}}</ref>
[[File:Nationaldemokratische Partei Deutschlands (NPD), logo 2013.svg|thumb|177x177px|Logo of the NPD 2013–2023]]
==== Banning attempts ====
{{See also|NPD ban proceedings}}
In 2001, the federal government, the [[Bundestag]], and the [[Bundesrat (Germany)|Bundesrat]] jointly attempted to have the [[Federal Constitutional Court of Germany]] ban the NPD. The court, the highest court in Germany, has the exclusive power to ban parties if they are found to be "anti-constitutional" through the [[Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany]]. However, the petition was rejected in 2003 after it was discovered that a number of the NPD's inner circle, including as many as 30 of its top 200 leaders, were undercover agents or informants of the German secret services, like the federal [[Bundesamt für Verfassungsschutz]]. They include a former deputy chairman of the party and author of an anti-Semitic tract that formed a central part of the government's case. Since the secret services were unwilling to fully disclose their agents' identities and activities, the court found it impossible to decide which moves by the party were based on genuine party decisions and which were controlled by the secret services in an attempt to further the ban. The court determined that so many of the party's actions were influenced by the government that the resulting "lack of clarity" made it impossible to defend a ban. "The presence of the state at the leadership level makes influence on its aims and activities unavoidable," it concluded.<ref>{{cite news|last=Hooper|first=John|date=19 March 2003|title=German court rejects attempt to ban neo-Nazi party|work=The Guardian|___location=London|url=https://www.theguardian.com/international/story/0,3604,917120,00.html|access-date=19 May 2010}}</ref>
[[Horst Mahler]], a former member of the far-left terrorist organization [[Red Army Faction]], defended the NPD in court. In May 2009, several state politicians published an extensive document<ref>{{cite news|last1=Gensing|first1=Patrick|date=5 April 2009|title=Die NPD bekämpft aktiv die Verfassungsordnung|language=de|work=tagesschau.de|url=https://www.tagesschau.de/inland/npd138.html|url-status=live|access-date=15 October 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090507114807/http://www.tagesschau.de/inland/npd138.html|archive-date=7 May 2009}}</ref> which they claim proves the NPD's opposition to the constitution without relying on information supplied by undercover agents. This move was intended to lead up to a second attempt to have the NPD banned.
In 2011, authorities were reportedly trying to link the party, and specifically 30-year-old national organization director Patrick Wieschke, to the so-called "[[National Socialist Underground|Zwickau terrorist cell]]". This raised the possibility of another effort to outlaw the party. The cell had been implicated in a string of murders and the November robbery of a savings bank in [[Eisenach]]. Authorities were also pursuing a gun case against Ralf Wohlleben, former deputy chairman of the party's branch in [[Thuringia]], though the latter case was reportedly unlikely to translate into a national-level challenge to the party's legal standing.<ref>Bartsch, Matthias et al. (alpha list),
[http://www.spiegel.de/international/germany/0,1518,802014,00.html "Germany Faces Tough Battle to Ban Far-Right NPD"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111208124921/http://www.spiegel.de/international/germany/0,1518,802014,00.html|date=8 December 2011}}, Der Spiegel, 12/07/2011. Trans. from the German by Christopher Sultan. Retrieved 8 December 2011.</ref> The likelihood of success of renewed banning attempts has been questioned, given the [[Office for the Protection of the Constitution]] has over 130 informants in the party, some in high positions, raising the question of whether the party is effectively controlled by the government.<ref>{{cite news|title=Infiltrating the Far-Right: German Intelligence Has 130 Informants in Extremist Party – SPIEGEL ONLINE|url=http://www.spiegel.de/international/germany/0,1518,803136,00.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120322000003/http://www.spiegel.de/international/germany/0,1518,803136,00.html|archive-date=22 March 2012|access-date=19 April 2012|work=Der Spiegel|date=12 December 2011}}</ref>
German officials tried to outlaw the party again in December 2012, with the interior ministers of all 16 states recommending a ban. The Federal Constitutional Court is yet to vote on the recommendation.<ref>{{cite news|date=6 December 2012|title=Germany seeks to ban far-right party|work=3 News NZ|url=http://www.3news.co.nz/Germany-seeks-to-ban-far-right-party/tabid/417/articleID/279402/Default.aspx|url-status=dead|access-date=5 December 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130928210537/http://www.3news.co.nz/Germany-seeks-to-ban-far-right-party/tabid/417/articleID/279402/Default.aspx|archive-date=28 September 2013}}</ref> In March 2013 the Merkel government said it would not try to ban the NPD.<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/2013/03/21/world/europe/merkels-government-wont-pursue-ban-of-german-far-right-party.html ''Berlin Won't Join Effort to Ban Far-Right Party''] 20 March 2013 New York Times</ref>
German officials again tried to outlaw the NPD by submitting a request to the Federal Constitutional Court in 2016.<ref>{{Cite web|date=4 March 2016|title=Germany wants to ban the neo-Nazis of the NPD again, but why now? | Cas Mudde|url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/commentisfree/2016/mar/04/germany-ban--neo-nazi-npd-refugees-far-right|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210211222635/https://www.theguardian.com/world/commentisfree/2016/mar/04/germany-ban--neo-nazi-npd-refugees-far-right|archive-date=11 February 2021|access-date=2 April 2021|website=the Guardian}}</ref>
On 17 January 2017, the second senate of the Federal Constitutional Court rejected the attempt to outlaw the party. The reasoning behind the decision was that the NPD's political significance is virtually nonexistent at both the state and federal levels and that as such, the party had no chance of posing a significant threat to the constitutional order. It was also reasoned that outlawing the party would not change the mindset and political ideology of its members and supporters, who in the event of a ban could simply form a new movement under a different name.
However, the Court also openly acknowledged that NPD is unconstitutional based on its manifesto and ideology, citing "links to neo-Nazism" and that "anti-semitism was a structural element of the party ideology" in its reasoning.<ref name=":0">BVerfG, Urteil des Zweiten Senats vom 17 January 2017
- 2 BvB 1/13 - Rn. (1-1010), http://www.bverfg.de/e/bs20170117_2bvb000113.html {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170118053803/http://www.bverfg.de/e/bs20170117_2bvb000113.html|date=18 January 2017}} ''(in German)''</ref> The Court also indirectly suggested that state grants or other financial contributions should not be given to such parties to further their unconstitutional cause.<ref name=":0" /> This prompted calls by the public for the proposal of a [[constitutional amendment]] which would forbid unconstitutional parties' financing to the Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany. The proposal was criticized by the interior policy spokesman of [[The Left (Germany)|Die Linke]],<ref name="G">[http://www.dw.com/en/german-politicians-seek-way-to-bankrupt-neo-nazi-npd/a-37213940 "German politicians seek way to bankrupt 'neo-Nazi' NPD"], Ben Knight. Deutsche Welle. 20 January 2017. Accessed 20 January 2017</ref> who claimed that such a constitutional amendment could stand to serve as a politically dubious way to remove a political opponent. Constitutional law professor {{Interlanguage link|Hans Herbert von Arnim|de}} warned that such a constitutional amendment would apply to all extra-parliamentary parties, not just the NPD.<ref name="G" />
The German legislative bodies then created the possibility of a funding freeze for parties after the second NPD ban procedure failed in 2017. In 2019, the [[Bundestag]], [[German Bundesrat|Bundesrat]] and [[Cabinet of Germany|federal government]] jointly submitted a proposal to exclude the NPD from state funding. In January 2024 the Federal Constitutional Court allowed the freezing of state funding for six years, saying that the party "aimed to undermine or eliminate the country's democratic system".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/1/23/german-court-cuts-funding-to-radical-far-right-party|title=German court cuts funding to hardline far-right party|work=[[Al Jazeera Media Network|Al Jazeera]]|date=23 January 2024|access-date=23 January 2024}}</ref>
The German [[Federal Constitutional Court]], in its verdict, considered the party's demand for a referendum on the [[Capital punishment in Germany|reintroduction of capital punishment]] as anti-constitutional and incompatible with the [[liberal democratic basic order]].<ref name="bverg-urteil">{{Cite web|url=http://www.bundesverfassungsgericht.de/SharedDocs/Entscheidungen/DE/2017/01/bs20170117_2bvb000113.html|title=Bundesverfassungsgericht - Entscheidungen - Kein Verbot der NPD wegen fehlender Anhaltspunkte für eine erfolgreiche Durchsetzung ihrer verfassungsfeindlichen Ziele}}</ref>
===2023 renaming to ''Die Heimat''===
The party renamed itself to {{Lang|de|Die Heimat}} ("The Homeland") at the party congress in [[Riesa]] in early June 2023. 77% voted in favor of the name change.<ref name=":3" /> Shortly after this vote, many of those that were opposed to the name change founded a new party to continue under the old name, the [[National Democratic Party of Germany (2023)|National Democratic Party of Germany]] (NPD).<ref name=":02">{{Cite web |title="Nationaldemokratische Partei Deutschlands" (NPD (2023)) als Abspaltung der Partei "Die Heimat" (vormals NPD) |url=https://www.bige.bayern.de/infos_zu_extremismus/aktuelle_meldungen/abspaltung-partei-die-heimat-npd-2023/ |access-date=2025-07-26 |website=www.bige.bayern.de}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Bildung |first=Bundeszentrale für politische |date=2025-01-30 |title=Nationaldemokratische Partei Deutschlands, Landesverband Hamburg |url=https://www.bpb.de/themen/parteien/wer-steht-zur-wahl/hamburg-2025/558602/nationaldemokratische-partei-deutschlands-landesverband-hamburg/ |access-date=2025-07-26 |website=bpb.de |language=de}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://www.verfassungsschutz.de/SharedDocs/publikationen/DE/verfassungsschutzberichte/2025-06-10-verfassungsschutzbericht-2024.pdf?__blob=publicationFile&v=4 |title=Verfassungsschutzbericht 2024 |year=2025 |pages=96 |language=de}}</ref>
The Party didn't run in the [[2025 German federal election]].
==Platform and ideology==
[[File:Udo Voigt-Rudolf Hess.jpg|thumb|200px|left|[[Udo Voigt]], former leader of the NPD, standing in front of a banner depicting Nazi leader [[Rudolf Hess]]. Hess, who died in prison in 1987, is considered a martyr by the NPD,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.morgenpost.de/berlin/article712475/Ehemaliger_Pfleger_von_Rudolf_Hess_wirbt_bei_NPD.html |title=Ehemaliger Pfleger von Rudolf Heß wirbt bei NPD |work=Berliner Morgenpost - Berlin |publisher=Morgenpost.de |date=23 July 2008 |access-date=19 April 2012 |archive-date=25 March 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120325030308/http://www.morgenpost.de/berlin/article712475/Ehemaliger_Pfleger_von_Rudolf_Hess_wirbt_bei_NPD.html |url-status=live |last1=Lange |first1=Katrin}}</ref> and the party attempted to nominate him for a [[Nobel Peace Prize]] in 2007.<ref>{{cite news|title=After Nominating Rudolf Hess for Nobel Peace Prize: NPD Leader Charged with Inciting Race Hate|url=http://www.spiegel.de/international/germany/after-nominating-rudolf-hess-for-nobel-peace-prize-npd-leader-charged-with-inciting-race-hate-a-501910.html|access-date=15 October 2015|work=Der Spiegel|publisher=Reuters|date=24 August 2007|archive-date=24 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924145730/http://www.spiegel.de/international/germany/after-nominating-rudolf-hess-for-nobel-peace-prize-npd-leader-charged-with-inciting-race-hate-a-501910.html|url-status=live}}</ref>]]
The Homeland is a [[neo-Nazi]] political party.<ref name="neonazi" /><ref name="aljazeera20231108" /> It calls itself a party of "grandparents and grandchildren" because the [[Counterculture of the 1960s|1960s generation]] in Germany, known for the leftist [[German student movement|student movement]], strongly opposes the NPD's policies. The NPD's economic program promotes [[social security]] for Germans and control against [[plutocracy]]. They discredit and reject the "liberal-capitalist system".<ref name="auto">[http://www.verfassungsschutzmv.de/cms2/Verfassungsschutz_prod/Verfassungsschutz/content/de/_Service/Archivmeldungen/_meldungen/Rechtsextremisten_thematisieren_die_internationale_Finanzkrise/index.jsp Rechtsextremisten thematisieren die internationale Fianzkrise] {{dead link|date=December 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes}} Verfassungsschutz MV, 2 December 2008</ref>
The Homeland’s [[foreign policy]] outlook is characterized by [[ultra-nationalism]], [[revisionism]], and [[isolationism]]. The party views the defense and restoration of national sovereignty as the guiding principle of its foreign policy and opposes international organizations, norms, and alliances that it believes infringe upon Germany’s national sovereignty.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Wojczewski |first=Thorsten |title=Theorizing Far-Right Foreign Policy: Insights From Germany |date=2025 |journal=Political Studies |volume=73 |issue=3 |pages=1169–1193 |doi=10.1177/00323217241284195|doi-access=free }}</ref> The Homeland argues that [[NATO]] fails to represent the interests and needs of European people. The party considers the [[European Union]] to be little more than a reorganization of a [[Soviet Union|Soviet]]-style government of Europe along financial lines.<ref>NPD party programme (in German) http://npd.de/inhalte/daten/dateiablage/br_parteiprogramm_a4.pdf {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160319035429/https://npd.de/inhalte/daten/dateiablage/br_parteiprogramm_a4.pdf |date=19 March 2016}}</ref> Although highly critical of the EU, as long as Germany remains a part of it, The Homeland opposes [[Accession of Turkey to the European Union|Turkey's incorporation]] into the organization. Voigt envisions future collaboration and continued friendly relations with other nationalists and [[European nationalist parties]]. The Homeland is strongly [[Anti-Zionism|anti-Zionist]], frequently criticizing the policies and activities of [[Israel]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Schreiber |first1=Manfried |last2=Chen |first2=Yung Ping |title=Ideology of the National Democratic Party of Germany |date=1971 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/42588238 |journal=Journal of Thought |volume=6 |issue=2 |pages=88–104 |jstor=42588238 |issn=0022-5231}}</ref>
The Homeland's platform asserts that Germany is larger than the present-day Federal Republic, and calls for a return of [[German territory lost after World War II]], a foreign policy position abandoned by the German government in 1990.<ref name="auto1"/>
In the early 21st century, long-standing efforts to ban the party were renewed.<ref name="Britannica1">{{cite web|title=National Democratic Party of Germany (NPD)|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/National-Democratic-Party-of-Germany|publisher=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]|access-date=9 November 2015|archive-date=17 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117032806/https://www.britannica.com/topic/National-Democratic-Party-of-Germany|url-status=live}}</ref> The 2005 report of the [[Federal Office for the Protection of the Constitution]] contains the following description:
<blockquote>The party continues to pursue a "people's front" of the nationalists [consisting of] the NPD, [[German People's Union|DVU]], and forces not attached to any party, which is supposed to develop into a base for an encompassing 'German people's movement'. The aggressive agitation of the NPD unabashedly aims towards the abolition of [[parliamentary democracy]] and the [[Liberal democracy|democratic constitutional state]], although the use of violence is currently still officially rejected for tactical reasons. Statements of the NPD document an essential affinity with Nazism; its agitation is [[Racism|racist]], [[Anti-Semitism|antisemitic]], [[Homophobia|homophobic]], [[Historical revisionism (negationism)|revisionist]], and intends to disparage the democratic and lawful order of the constitution.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.verfassungsschutz.de/de/publikationen/verfassungsschutzbericht |title=Report of the Verfassungsschutz |publisher=Verfassungsschutz.de |access-date=2012-04-19 |archive-date=11 January 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130111220158/http://www.verfassungsschutz.de/de/publikationen/verfassungsschutzbericht/ |url-status=live}}</ref></blockquote>
=== The Green Movement ===
The Homeland has recently{{When|date=November 2021}} supported the [[green movement]]. This is one of many strategies the party has used to try to gain supporters. Historically the opposing party the [[German Greens]] have fully supported the green movement in Germany.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|date=2012-04-28|title=German far-right extremists tap into green movement for support|url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/apr/28/germany-far-right-green-movement|access-date=2021-11-23|website=The Guardian|language=en}}</ref> The German Greens group was a successful European ecological group that began in 1980. Kate Connolly who is a correspondent for [[The Guardian]] wrote the article: ''German far-right extremists tap into green movement for support''. In the article Connolly explains the opposition between these two political groups pertaining to the green movement.<ref name=":2" /> The [[Artaman League|Artaman league]] is essential in understanding the green movements history. This was a farming movement that was inspired by the "[[blood and soil]]" ruralist ideology adopted from the [[Nazism|Nazis]].<ref name=":2" /> This farming movement affected the [[Mecklenburg]] region of Germany during the 19th century. Settlers at this time took advantage of the cheap cost of land in these rural communities. These settlers were in support of the Artaman league and continued to reinforce the ideology.<ref name=":2" />
The NPD's plans are to take the ecological movement back from the German Greens group. Connolly spoke to different farmers, organizations, and employees of the government to represent the different perspectives of the ecological movement.<ref name=":2" /> Hans-Gunter Laimer, a farmer who ran for office for the NPD, mentions his frustration that the German Greens groups has dominated the organic farming market for too long. He has also been linked to other German groups specifically Umwelt and Aktiv. Both political parties are concerned with the ways they are in opposition to one another.<ref name=":2" /> The Homeland supporters of the green movement are in favor of local produce. However, they are against [[GMOs|GMOS]], [[pesticide]]s, and [[Intensive livestock operation|intensive livestock]].<ref name=":2" /> Organizations involved in the farming industry have lost consumers because they are not able to state what the political views of the farmers products are to the consumer. For example, BioPark is an organic cultivation organization with a vetting process to certify organic farmers. The vetting process is strictly based on cultivation methods and not on political affiliations. BioPark has lost customers because left-leaning supporters worry buying local organic produce is supporting the far-right extremist.<ref name=":2" />
The department of rural enlightenment has supported the importance of distinguishing between these two political parties. The department created a brochure called "Nature Conservation Versus Right-wing Extremist".<ref name=":2" /> The brochure was created in order to help consumers distinguish from the far-right extremists. Other representatives from the government have spoken on this divide. For example, Connolly mentions a representative of the Centre for Democratic culture in Mecklenburg who chose to stay anonymous in order to protect themself.<ref name=":2" /> The representative stated the goal of the NPD is to build bridges between citizens. The NPD is strategic in the way they are going about this in a subtle quite manner. The result the NPD is trying to achieve is to reinforce the division between the two political parties for when NPD no longer becomes associated with politics.<ref name=":2" />
[[File:Holger Apfel.jpg|thumb|[[Holger Apfel]], NPD leader from 2011 to 2013]]
==Controversies==
===Holocaust denial===
Josef Truxa, the chair of the NDP in Munich, denied on 18 June 1965, that the Nazis committed any crimes and that it was propaganda by Jews.{{sfn|Nagle|1970|p=77}}
===2012 Thor Steinar clothing===
In June 2012, several NPD members of Saxony's parliament attended the parliament's sittings wearing clothing from [[Thor Steinar]], a clothing brand that is popular amongst neo-Nazis; the legislature responded by saying that such provocative clothing was not permitted to be worn in the parliament and demanded that the NPD's members remove and replace their attire; the NPD's members refused, resulting in the members being expelled from the parliament and banned from attending the next three parliamentary sittings.<ref name="bbc.co.uk">"[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-18429463 German far-right deputies expelled over clothing] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181020225719/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-18429463|date=20 October 2018}}", BBC News, 13 June 2012. Accessed on 17 June 2012.</ref> The NPD members denied accusations that they wore the shirts as a deliberate provocation.<ref name="bbc.co.uk"/>
===World War II and Holocaust commemoration controversies===
[[File:Dresden demo 2.JPG|thumb|300px|right|Supporters of the NPD and other protesters in Dresden, 2009]]
In 2005, the Landtag of Saxony held a [[Moment of silence|minute of silence]] for the [[List of victims of Nazism|victims of Nazi Germany]]. [[Holger Apfel]], leader of the NPD in [[Saxony]] and deputy leader of the party nationwide, boycotted the remembrance along with 11 other NPD politicians and staged a walkout from the Landtag chamber. He also gave a speech in which he demanded a moment of silence be held for the victims of the [[Bombing of Dresden in World War II|bombing of Dresden]] in 1945 and called the [[Allies of World War II]] "mass murderers", stating that "Today we in this parliament are taking up the political battle for historical truth, and against the servitude of guilt of the German people... The causes of the holocaust bombing of Dresden have nothing to do with either [[Invasion of Poland|1 September 1939]] or with [[Adolf Hitler's rise to power|30 January 1933]]." Apfel's speech caused politicians from other parties in the Landtag to walk out in protest.<ref name="guardian">{{cite news |last=Traynor |first=Ian |date=19 December 2013 |title=Dresden parliament in uproar at neo-Nazi outburst |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2005/jan/22/secondworldwar.thefarright |work=[[The Guardian]] |access-date=12 August 2014}}</ref>
Udo Voigt voiced his support for Apfel's and reiterated the statement, which some controversially claimed was a violation of the German law which forbids [[Holocaust denial]]. However, after a judicial review, it was decided that Voigt's description of the Allied bombing of Dresden as a "[[The Holocaust|holocaust]]" was an exercise of free speech and "[[defamation]] of the dead" was not the purpose of his statement.<ref>Hannah Cleaver, [https://web.archive.org/web/20070828071352/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=%2Fnews%2F2005%2F04%2F12%2Fwdres12.xml "German ruling says Dresden was a holocaust"], Telegraph.co.uk, 12 April 2005.</ref>
In 2009, the NPD joined the [[Junge Landsmannschaft Ostdeutschland]] in a demonstration on the anniversary of the bombing of Dresden in World War II. Roughly 6,000 people came to participate in the event.<ref>{{cite news|date=14 February 2005|title=Neo-Nazis hijack Dresden ceremony in the biggest far-right demonstration since Hitler|work=The Independent|___location=London|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/neo-nazis-hijack-dresden-ceremony-in-the-biggest-far-right-demonstration-since-hitler-483337.html|url-status=live|access-date=19 May 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305085843/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/neo-nazis-hijack-dresden-ceremony-in-the-biggest-far-right-demonstration-since-hitler-483337.html|archive-date=5 March 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Donahue|first=Patrick|date=14 February 2009|title=Skinheads, Neo-Nazis Draw Fury at Dresden 1945 'Mourning March'|work=Bloomberg L.P.|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601087&sid=aGstsMp983DI&refer=worldwide|url-status=live|access-date=2009-02-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210402065630/https://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601087&sid=aGstsMp983DI&refer=worldwide|archive-date=2 April 2021}}</ref>
===Activism===
[[File:Vvn-bda nonpd reichstag.JPG|thumb|A 2007 [[Union of Persecutees of the Nazi Regime]] demonstration at the [[Reichstag building|Reichstag]] calling for the NPD to be banned. The banner reads "Auschwitz gedenkt" ("Remember [[Auschwitz concentration camp|Auschwitz]]").]]
The NPD's strategy has been to create "nationally liberated zones" and circumvent its marginal electoral status by concentrating on regions where support is strongest. In March 2006, musician [[Konstantin Wecker]] tried to set up an in-school [[Anti-fascism|anti-fascist]] concert in [[Halberstadt]], Saxony-Anhalt two weeks before the state elections. The NPD argued that because of politics, the date and the in-school venue, the concert "was an unacceptable form of political campaigning."<ref>{{cite web|title=Deutsche Welle article|url=http://www.dw-world.de/dw/article/0,,1929110,00.html?maca=en-rss-en-all-1124-rdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080209221757/http://www.dw-world.de/dw/article/0,,1929110,00.html?maca=en-rss-en-all-1124-rdf|archive-date=9 February 2008|access-date=19 April 2012|publisher=Dw-world.de}}</ref> In protest, the NPD vowed to buy the tickets and turn up en masse at Wecker's show, which led local authorities to cancel the event. The [[Social Democrats (Germany)|Social Democrats]] and the [[Alliance '90/The Greens|Greens]] were outraged by the decision, which the [[Central Council of Jews in Germany]] criticized as "politically bankrupt".
The NPD was going to sponsor a march through [[Leipzig]] on 21 June 2006, as the [[2006 FIFA World Cup|2006 World Cup]] was going on. The party wanted to show its support for the [[Iranian national football team]], which was playing in [[Leipzig]], and [[President of Iran|Iranian President]] [[Mahmoud Ahmadinejad]]. However, the NPD decided against the demonstration; only a counter-demonstration took place that day, in support of [[Israel]].<ref>Laura Smith-Spark, [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/5098036.stm "Leipzig far-right rally dropped"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181230032043/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/5098036.stm|date=30 December 2018}}, BBC News (20 June 2006)</ref> During the World Cup, the party's web site stated that due to the prevalence of people of non-German descent on the [[Germany national football team]], the team "was not really German".
Later in 2006, the party designed leaflets, which said "White – not just the color of a jersey! For a true National team!"<ref name="nonwhite">{{cite web|date=25 March 2008|title=NPD leader charged for racist campaign against black player in national football team|url=http://www.spiegel.de/international/germany/0,1518,543287,00.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090819080548/http://www.spiegel.de/international/germany/0,1518,543287,00.html|archive-date=19 August 2009|access-date=21 July 2009|work=Der Spiegel}}</ref> This leaflet was never mass-distributed, but copies were confiscated during a raid on the NPD's headquarters, when authorities had been hoping to find material linking the party to Nazism. [[Patrick Owomoyela]] was later informed about the poster after it was noted that the image depicted a footballer wearing a white jersey with Owomoyela's number on it. Owomoyela, of Nigerian descent, had played for the Germany national team in the years before the World Cup and proceeded to file a lawsuit against the party. The party was able to delay the procedures but in April 2009 three party officials, [[Udo Voigt]], Frank Schwerdt, and Klaus Beier, were convicted of {{Lang|de|[[Volksverhetzung]]}} (incitement to hatred). Voigt and Beier were sentenced to 7 months of probation, and Schwerdt was sentenced to 10 months of probation.<ref>[http://www.sueddeutsche.de/055384/870/2860615/Volksverhetzung-und-Beleidigung.html NPD-Chef Voigt zu Bewährungsstrafe verurteilt] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120304102920/http://www.sueddeutsche.de/055384/870/2860615/Volksverhetzung-und-Beleidigung.html|date=4 March 2012}}, sueddeutsche.de, 25. April 2009</ref> The convictions were overturned by the Berlin State Court in March 2011, judging that the number alone was not enough to link the leaflet to Owomoyela, and that "white" has other meanings including good moral character.<ref>{{cite news |title=Charges dropped |url=https://www.dw.com/en/far-right-npd-leader-acquitted-of-incitement-against-soccer-player/a-14901921 |access-date=25 May 2025 |work=Deutsche Welle |date=9 March 2011}}</ref>
In November 2008, shortly after the [[2008 United States presidential election]], the NPD published a document entitled "Africa conquers the White House" which stated that the election of [[Barack Obama]] as the first [[African Americans|African-American]] [[President of the United States]] was the result of "the American alliance of [[Jewish-Americans|Jews]] and [[Negro]]es" and that Obama aimed to destroy the [[United States]]' "[[White nationalism|white identity]]". The NPD claimed, "A non-white America is a declaration of war on all people who believe an organically grown social order based on language and culture, history and heritage to be the essence of humanity" and "Barack Obama hides this declaration of war behind his pushy sunshine smile." The NPD also stated that the extensive support for Obama in Germany "resembles an African tropical disease."<ref>[https://www.jta.org/2008/11/11/news-opinion/world/german-pol-decries-jewish-negro-alliance German pol decries 'Jewish-Negro' alliance] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160206001453/http://www.jta.org/2008/11/11/news-opinion/world/german-pol-decries-jewish-negro-alliance|date=6 February 2016}}, Jewish Telegraphic Agency (JTA), 11 November 2008 (retrieved on 5 December 2008.)</ref><ref>[https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20171018122852/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/barackobama/3438017/Calls-for-prosecution-after-German-politician-says-Obama-win-a-declaration-of-war.html Calls for prosecution after German politician says Obama win 'a declaration of war'] by Jon Swaine, Telegraph.co.uk, 11 November 2008.</ref><ref>[https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/11/10/AR2008111002810_pf.html Racism Rears Its Head in European Remarks on Obama] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210402065702/https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/11/10/AR2008111002810_pf.html|date=2 April 2021}} by Craig Whitlock, Washington Post, page A15, 11 November 2008 (retrieved on 5 December 2008).</ref>
In September 2009, another incident involving the NPD and a football player of the Germany national team was reported. In a television show of a regional channel, NPD spokesman Beier called midfielder [[Mesut Özil]] a "Plaste-Deutscher" ("Plastic German" or "ID Card German"), meaning someone who is not born German, but becomes German by naturalization, particularly for certain benefits. The [[German Football Association]] announced that they would immediately file a lawsuit against the NPD and their spokesman, if requested by Özil.<ref>{{cite web|date=31 December 1999|title=NPD-Politiker beleidigt Özil – DFB prüft Klage – Fußball – MSN Sport|url=http://sport.de.msn.com/fussball-article.aspx?cp-documentid=149765548|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090922191454/http://sport.de.msn.com/fussball-article.aspx?cp-documentid=149765548|archive-date=22 September 2009|access-date=15 October 2015|publisher=Sport.de.msn.com}}</ref>
During the [[Gaza War (2008–09)|Gaza War]] in 2009, the NPD planned a "Holocaust" vigil for [[Gaza Strip|Gaza]] in support of the [[Palestinian people|Palestinians]]. Charlotte Knobloch, the head of the Central Council of Jews in Germany, said "joint hatred of everything Jewish is unifying neo-Nazis and [[Islamist]]s." Knobloch claimed German-Palestinian protestors "unashamedly admitted" that they would vote for the NPD during the next election.<ref>{{cite web|last=Weinthal|first=Benjamin|date=22 January 2009|title=European Jewish Congress – Neo-Nazis plan Gaza 'Holocaust' vigil in Berlin|url=http://www.eurojewcong.org/20/3517-neo-nazis-plan-gaza-holocaust-vigil-in-berlin.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304030647/http://www.eurojewcong.org/20/3517-neo-nazis-plan-gaza-holocaust-vigil-in-berlin.html|archive-date=4 March 2016|access-date=19 April 2012|publisher=Eurojewcong.org}}</ref>
In 2009, the NPD hung [[Anti-Polish sentiment|anti-Polish]] posters with [[slogan]] ''"Polen-Invasion Stoppen"'' ("Stop the Polish invasion") in [[Dresden]] and [[Görlitz]]. Mayor of Görlitz and then [[Chancellor of Germany]], [[Angela Merkel]], condemned the posters.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Polen Invasion stoppen! - reakcja włodarzy i Merkel |url=https://www.zinfo.pl/artykuly/1399 |access-date=2022-07-03 |website=www.zinfo.pl}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2009-08-02 |title=Antypolskie plakaty na niemieckich słupach |url=https://wiadomosci.dziennik.pl/wydarzenia/artykuly/92500,antypolskie-plakaty-na-niemieckich-slupach.html |access-date=2022-07-03 |website=wiadomosci.dziennik.pl |language=pl}}</ref>
In April 2009, the party was fined 2.5 million [[euro]]s for filing incorrect financial statements, resulting, according to German broadcaster [[Deutsche Welle]], in "serious financial trouble" for its administration.<ref name="con">[http://www.dw-world.de/dw/article/0,,4204566,00.html Far-right politician convicted over racist World Cup flyers] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090427091913/http://www.dw-world.de/dw/article/0,,4204566,00.html|date=27 April 2009}}. [[Deutsche Welle]]. Published 24 April 2009.</ref>
On 23 September 2009, four days before the [[2009 German federal election|federal elections]], German police raided the Berlin headquarters of the NPD to investigate claims that letters sent from the NPD to politicians from immigrant backgrounds [[Incitement to ethnic or racial hatred|incited racial hatred]]. The NPD leader in Berlin defended the letters saying that "As part of a democracy, we're entitled to say if something doesn't suit us in this country."<ref>{{cite news|date=23 September 2009|title=German 'race hate' letters probed|publisher=BBC News|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/8270598.stm|url-status=live|access-date=19 April 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120416042034/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/8270598.stm|archive-date=16 April 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=22 September 2009|title=NPD sends offensive letter to candidates with Turkish background|publisher=Deutsche Welle|url=http://www.dw.de/dw/article/0,,4713188,00.html?maca=en-currentaffairs_germany-77-rdf|url-status=dead|access-date=15 October 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121009175425/http://www.dw.de/dw/article/0,,4713188,00.html?maca=en-currentaffairs_germany-77-rdf|archive-date=9 October 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=23 September 2009|title=Neo-Nazis tell immigrants to 'go home'|agency=Agence France-Presse|url=http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,26113608-401,00.html|url-status=dead|access-date=15 October 2015|archive-url=https://archive.today/20121231034847/http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,26113608-401,00.html|archive-date=31 December 2012}} [http://web-capture.net/picture.php?pic_index=1&presentation_method=inline Alt URL]</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=22 September 2009|title=Anger results after German neo-Nazis tell immigrant candidates to 'go home'|url=http://www.canada.com/news/Anger+results+after+German+Nazis+tell+immigrant+candidates+home/2019845/story.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091107230726/http://www.canada.com/news/Anger+results+after+German+Nazis+tell+immigrant+candidates+home/2019845/story.html|archive-date=7 November 2009|access-date=15 October 2015|website=Canada.com}}</ref>
On 24 June 2024, it was announced that two parliamentary groups consisting of members of the [[Alternative for Germany|AfD]] and ''Die Heimat'' had been formed in the [[Brandenburg]] town of [[Lauchhammer]] and the district of [[Oberspreewald-Lausitz]]. In Lauchhammer, the joint parliamentary group will be represented in the town council under the name "AfDplus", while the "Heimat & Zukunft" parliamentary group has been formed in the district council of Oberspreewald-Lausitz. Thomas Gürtler from ''Die Heimat'' will play a leading role in both bodies. This development is seen as the first official coalition between the AfD and the far-right party ''Die Heimat''. The formation of the parliamentary groups was supported by statements made by AfD chairman [[Tino Chrupalla]], who emphasised that there would be no "firewalls" to other parties at local level.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Müller |first=Ann-Katrin |date=2024-06-24 |title=AfD gründet erste Fraktionen gemeinsam mit Neonazipartei |url=https://www.spiegel.de/politik/deutschland/afd-gruendet-in-brandenburg-erste-fraktion-mit-die-heimat-ex-npd-a-f48d35cc-4113-4709-bc8c-081aae4de979 |access-date=2024-06-26 |work=Der Spiegel |language=de |issn=2195-1349}}</ref>
==Organization==
===Chairmen===
{|class="wikitable"
|-
! colspan="2" | Leader
! Tenure
|-
| 1
| [[Friedrich Thielen]]
| 1964–1967
|-
| 2
| [[Adolf von Thadden]]
| 1967–1971
|-
| 3
| [[Martin Mussgnug]]
| 1971–1990
|-
| 4
| [[Günter Deckert]]
| 1991–1996
|-
| 5
| [[Udo Voigt]]
| 1996–2011
|-
| 6
| [[Holger Apfel]]
| 2011–2013
|-
| 7
| [[Udo Pastörs]]
| 2013–2014
|-
| 8
| [[Frank Franz]]
| 2014–2024
|-
|9
|[[Peter Schreiber (politician)|Peter Schreiber]]
|2024-present
|}
=== Youth wing ===
[[File:Junge Nationalisten Logo 2018.png|thumb|upright=0.75|Logo of the youth wing since 2018]]
{{lang|de|'''Junge Nationalisten'''}} (short: '''JN'''; until 13 January 2018 {{lang|de|'''Junge Nationaldemokraten'''}}) is the official youth organization of the party, founded in 1967. According to The Homeland's statutes, the JN are an "integral part" of the party.<ref>{{cite web |date=16 June 2011 |title=Nationaldemokratische Partei Deutschlands |url=https://www.bundeswahlleiter.de/de/parteien/downloads/parteien/Nationaldemokratische_Partei_Deutschlands.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110616051839/https://www.bundeswahlleiter.de/de/parteien/downloads/parteien/Nationaldemokratische_Partei_Deutschlands.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2011 |access-date=29 September 2021}}</ref>
The JN are committed to the basic program of the party, but represent these points of view much more aggressively, which is evident both during demonstrations and in political style. They are observed by the Office for the Protection of the Constitution and classified as right-wing extremists. Their regular publication is called ''The Activist''.<ref>[https://www.bundestag.de/resource/blob/411686/a378788b9fee7dae351a91154fff40dd/WD-1-022-09-pdf-data.pdf Rechtsextremistische Jugendorganisationen in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland] bundestag.de (in German)</ref> In this central organ, under the heading "The Federal Leader Has the Word", they describe themselves as "representatives of the national revolutionary wing within the NPD". The youth organization criticizes those in The Homeland who have made the "fight for parliaments" the "most important goal". Instead, "resistance and criticism are appropriate, since these developments run the risk of gradual adjustment and bourgeoisie".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://verfassungsschutzberichte.de/pdfs/vsbericht-2007.pdf|title=Verfassungsschutzbericht 2007|date=18 May 2008|publisher=Federal Office for Protection of the Constitution|via=Verfassungsschutzberichte.de}}</ref> The JN describe themselves as anti-imperialist. Among other things, they call for the withdrawal of German troops from Afghanistan,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://starweb.hessen.de/cache/hessen/vsbericht2009.pdf |title=Hessischer Verfassungsschutzbericht 2009 |access-date=9 October 2020 |archive-date=2 December 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201202073305/http://starweb.hessen.de/cache/hessen/vsbericht2009.pdf |url-status=live}}</ref> describe Israel as the "enemy of all peoples", and refer to it as becoming a parasitic state.<ref>{{lang|de|italic=no|"Lagebild Antisemitismus"}}
Federal Office for the Protection of the Constitution. July 2020. p. 27.</ref>
The JN maintains active contacts with a network of neo-Nazi organizations across Europe, like the [[Nordic Resistance Movement]] whose [[Nordic Resistance Movement#Finland|Finnish independence day march]] it has attended, along with [[National Corps]] of Ukraine, [[Bulgarian National Union – New Democracy|Bulgarian National Union]], [[Serbian Action]] and others.<ref>{{cite web| url=https://junge-nationalisten.de/allgemein/elaekoeoen-suomi-hurra-finnland/| title=Eläköön Suomi! – Hurra Finnland!| date=9 October 2020| work=Junge Nationalisten| access-date=9 October 2020| archive-date=10 October 2020| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201010165604/https://junge-nationalisten.de/allgemein/elaekoeoen-suomi-hurra-finnland/| url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://junge-nationalisten.de/europa/europa-jugend-regeneration-3-jn-europakongress-ein-rueckblick/ | title=Europa – Jugend – [Re]generation. 3. JN-Europakongress: Ein Rückblick | date=15 April 2020 | work=Junge Nationalisten | access-date=9 October 2020 | archive-date=22 October 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201022201358/https://junge-nationalisten.de/europa/europa-jugend-regeneration-3-jn-europakongress-ein-rueckblick/ | url-status=live}}</ref>
=== Women's wing ===
In mid-September 2006, ''the Homeland'' founded a nationwide women's organisation, the ''Ring Nationaler Frauen'' (RNF). The party sub-organisation within ''the Homeland'' aims to act as a voice for female party members and provide a contact point for women who share nationalist views but are not affiliated with any political party.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Schierholz |first=Alexander |title=Gründung: NPD-Frauen knüpfen ein Netzwerk in Sachsen-Anhalt |url=https://www.mz.de/deutschland-und-welt/politik/grundung-npd-frauen-knupfen-ein-netzwerk-in-sachsen-anhalt-2802074 |access-date=2024-07-03 |website=www.mz.de |language=de}}</ref> Since late May 2017, [[Antje Mentzel]] has served as the national chairperson of this organization.
=== Associated organizations ===
The Homeland runs its own "security service" ({{Lang|de|Ordungsdienst}}). The group is led by Manfred Börm.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Gewalttätiger NPD-Tross |url=https://www.endstation-rechts.de/news/gewalttaetiger-npd-tross |access-date=2023-07-19 |website=Endstation Rechts |language=de-DE}}</ref>
==== Press organ and other party newspapers ====
''The Homeland'' has had various newspapers throughout its history. The official press organ was initially the ''Deutsche Nachrichten''. After a merger with the ''Deutsche Wochen-Zeitung'' (DWZ), bought by publisher and ''DVU'' chairman [[Gerhard Frey (politician)|Gerhard Frey]] in 1986, it was renamed Deutsche Wochen-Zeitung - ''Deutscher Anzeiger''. In 1999, it was merged with the [[National-Zeitung]], also published by Frey. The ''National-Zeitung'' was discontinued in 2019.<ref>{{Cite web |title=National-Zeitung - Deutsche Wochen-Zeitung |url=https://www.national-zeitung.de/ |access-date=2024-07-03 |website=National-Zeitung |language=de-DE}}</ref>
The party's current press organ is ''Deutsche Stimme'', which has been published since 1976 and currently has a monthly circulation of 10,000. There are also regional and local publications such as ''Sachsen-Stimme'' and ''Zündstoff-Nachrichten''.
=== Finances ===
The NPD's party assets were only small. At the end of 2005, property worth around 700,000 euros was offset by a loan, guarantee and credit burden of around one million euros.<ref name=":4">[https://dserver.bundestag.de/btd/16/052/1605230.pdf Bundestags-Drucksache 16/5230: Rechenschaftsberichte politischer Parteien 2005] (PDF; 29,4 MB)</ref>
==== Shareholdings ====
''The Homeland'' holds a 100 per cent stake in ''Deutsche Stimme Verlags GmbH'' in [[Riesa]]. The publishing house, originally based in Bavaria, publishes the party newspaper [[Deutsche Stimme]] as its main product.
==== Financial assets ====
The party is dependent on donations due to its low financial reserves. Its income from contributions amounts to only half a million euros and it receives around one million euros from donations and contributions from elected representatives.<ref name=":4" /> In 2005, the NPD received seven donations totalling more than 10,000 euros, mainly from its own Members of Parliament.
In late 2006, it was revealed that the German [[Bundestag]] administration demanded the return of approximately 870,000 euros in [[party financing]] from the party due to the issuance of fraudulent donation receipts in the Thuringia state association after 1996. These irregularities led to higher party financing, with false donations accounting for six percent of the total in 1997 and ten percent in 1998. Consequently, the Bundestag administration deemed the financial reports for these years to be significantly incorrect, leading to the complete recovery of the funding for those years.<ref>{{Cite web |last=tsarchive |date=2006-11-10 |title=Bundestag will 870.000 Euro von NPD zurück |url=https://tsarchive.wordpress.com/2006/11/10/meldung90338/ |access-date=2024-07-03 |website=tagesschau.de-Archiv |language=de-DE}}</ref><ref>''[https://web.archive.org/web/20081202024739/http://www.bundestag.de/aktuell/presse/2006/pz_0611101.html Deutscher Bundestag: NPD erhält Abschlagzahlung nur gegen Sicherheit].'' Archived from the [https://www.bundestag.de/presse/pressemitteilungen/2006/pz_0611101.html Original]{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} (no longer available online) on April 23, 2007; retrieved on July 3, 2024.</ref> As a result of this financial crisis, the party dismissed ten of its twelve employees at the federal headquarters. Additionally, reports indicated that much of The Homeland's real estate assets were heavily mortgaged, potentially rendering them unusable as collateral for future party financing payments.<ref>{{Cite web |last=tsarchive |date=2006-12-07 |title=NPD-Führung allein zu Hause |url=https://tsarchive.wordpress.com/2006/12/07/meldung76228/ |access-date=2024-07-03 |website=tagesschau.de-Archiv |language=de-DE}}</ref>
=== International connections ===
Voigt has held meetings with various proponents of [[white nationalism]], including [[David Duke]], a [[United States|US]] [[white nationalist]], author, politician, and activist.<ref>{{cite web | last= Duke |first=David | author-link = David Duke | title = My Awakening: A Path to Racial Understanding | publisher = Free Speech Press | url = https://archive.org/stream/MyAwakeningAPathToRacialUnderstandingByDavidDuke/my-awakening-david-duke | access-date = 15 October 2015 | year=1998}}</ref> Between 1989 and 1992, the [[International Third Position]] began to ally itself with the NPD in Germany and ''[[Forza Nuova]]'' in [[Italy]].<ref name="Feldman2004">{{cite book|first=Matthew|last=Feldman|title=Fascism: Post-war fascisms|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kne26UnE1wQC&pg=PA371|year=2004|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=978-0-415-29020-3|page=371}}</ref>
They have been in contact with [[Youth Defence]], the Irish anti-abortion group, since 1996.<ref>{{cite news|newspaper=The Irish Times|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/extreme-right-group-confirms-barrett-link-1.1098654|title=Extreme-right group confirms Barrett link|date=11 October 2002|page=1|quote="Justin Barrett was an honorary guest at our event in Passau. I invited him. He sat with the delegates," said Mr Holger Apfel, the deputy leader of the NPD. "We have been in contact with his group since 1996. We are friendly with his Youth Defence organisation."|first=Derek|last=Scully}}</ref> [[Justin Barrett]], former leader of Youth Defence and former president of the [[National Party (Ireland, 2016)|National Party of Ireland]], has spoken at their events in Passau in 2000.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/neo-nazis-affirm-links-with-youth-defence-1.1098966|title='Neo-Nazis' affirm links with Youth Defence|first=Derek|last=Scully|date=12 October 2002|newspaper=The Irish Times|page=9|quote=A leading far-right politician in Germany has described the anti-abortion group Youth Defence as "an important part of our international network". Youth Defence is the backbone of the No to Nice Campaign, whose chief spokesman is Mr Justin Barrett.|access-date=5 January 2017|archive-date=14 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171014083010/https://www.irishtimes.com/news/neo-nazis-affirm-links-with-youth-defence-1.1098966|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|newspaper=The Irish Times|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/barrett-admits-he-attended-far-right-meeting-1.1098970|date=12 October 2002|page=9|first=Joe|last=Humphreys|title=Barrett admits he attended far-right meeting|quote=Mr Barrett, who earlier this week declined to confirm or deny to The Irish Times his attendance at the meeting in the Bavarian city of Passau in May 2000, yesterday admitted he attended the conference, as well as an estimated two other events linked to the NPD.|access-date=5 January 2017|archive-date=14 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171014083022/https://www.irishtimes.com/news/barrett-admits-he-attended-far-right-meeting-1.1098970|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-08-27 |title=Far-right National Party's new leader James Reynolds says rural voters to be targeted in local elections |url=https://www.independent.ie/irish-news/far-right-national-partys-new-leader-james-reynolds-says-rural-voters-to-be-targeted-in-local-elections/a75184170.html |access-date=2024-01-24 |website=Independent.ie |language=en}}</ref>[[File:David Duke and Udo Voigt (2002) cropped.jpg|thumb|left|Udo Voigt and prominent American [[white nationalist]] [[David Duke]]|214x214px]]The Homeland has also links with the Romanian [[neo-Legionarism|neo-Legionary]] group [[Noua Dreaptă]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.vice.com/ro/article/extremist-din-noua-dreapta-care-era-sa-fie-parlamentar-in-romania/ | title=Am vorbit cu extremistul din Noua Dreaptă, cu nume de străin, care era să fie parlamentar în România | date=14 December 2016}}</ref>
The party has links with the [[Alliance for Peace and Freedom]] a European political alliance since 2015.
==== Connections with Croatian far right ====
The party also has connections with [[far-right]] parties and politicians in [[Croatia]]. In 2017, according to Dražen Keleminec, president of the marginal far-right [[Autochthonous Croatian Party of Rights]] (A-HSP), NPD party member Alexander Neidlein took part in the party's march to show their support and declare allegiance to then-recently elected American president [[Donald Trump]]. During the march, the party's members, dressed in black uniforms, waved NPD and American flags while shouting the [[Ustasha]] salute {{Lang|hr|[[Za dom spremni]]}}. The following day, the [[U.S. embassy]] in [[Zagreb]] reacted by publishing a statement in which they strongly condemned the march and rejected any attempts to connect the United States with Ustasha ideology.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://balkaninsight.com/2017/02/27/us-condemns-zagreb-neo-nazi-march-for-trump-02-27-2017/|title=US Condemns Croatian Neo-Nazi March for Trump|date=27 February 2017|access-date=2 April 2021|archive-date=15 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210315155648/https://balkaninsight.com/2017/02/27/us-condemns-zagreb-neo-nazi-march-for-trump-02-27-2017/|url-status=live}}</ref>
In 2018, Croatian far-right MP [[Željko Glasnović]] took part in the NPD party congress in the town of [[Büdingen]], and expressed his support for the party.<ref>{{
Cite web
| access-date=2023-11-08
| date=2018-11-17
| first=Srećko
| language=hr
| last=Matić
| title=Željko Glasnović – počasni gost na kongresu NPD – DW – 17.11.2018
| url=https://www.dw.com/hr/%C5%BEeljko-glasnovi%C4%87-po%C4%8Dasni-gost-na-kongresu-njema%C4%8Dkih-ekstremnih-desni%C4%8Dara/a-46341790
| website=dw.com
}}</ref>
==Election results ==
[[File:Btw13 npd zweit endgueltig.svg|thumb|300px|right|NPD Vote in 2013 elections]]
===Federal Parliament (''Bundestag'')===
{| class=wikitable
|-
! rowspan=2|Election year
! colspan=3|Constituency
! colspan=3|Party list
! rowspan=2|Seats won
|-
! Votes
! %
! +/–
! Votes
! %
! +/–
|-
! [[1965 West German federal election|1965]]
| 587,216
| 1.8
| {{increase}} 1.8
| 664,193
| 2.0
| {{increase}} 2.0
| {{Composition bar|0|518|hex=Brown}}
|-
! [[1969 West German federal election|1969]]
| 1,189,375
| 3.6
| {{increase}} 1.8
| 1,422,010
| 4.3
| {{increase}} 2.3
| {{Composition bar|0|518|hex=Brown}}
|-
! [[1972 West German federal election|1972]]
| 194,389
| 0.5
| {{decrease}} 3.1
| 207,465
| 0.6
| {{decrease}} 3.7
| {{Composition bar|0|518|hex=Brown}}
|-
! [[1976 West German federal election|1976]]
| 136,023
| 0.4
| {{decrease}} 0.1
| 122,661
| 0.3
| {{decrease}} 0.3
| {{Composition bar|0|518|hex=Brown}}
|-
! [[1980 West German federal election|1980]]
| style="background:lightgrey;"|
| style="background:lightgrey;"|
| style="background:lightgrey;"|
| 68,096
| 0.2
| {{decrease}} 0.1
| {{Composition bar|0|497|hex=Brown}}
|-
! [[1983 West German federal election|1983]]
| 57,112
| 0.1
| {{decrease}} 0.3
| 91,095
| 0.2
| {{steady}} 0.0
| {{Composition bar|0|498|hex=Brown}}
|-
! [[1987 West German federal election|1987]]
| 182,880
| 0.5
| {{increase}} 0.4
| 227,054
| 0.6
| {{increase}} 0.4
| {{Composition bar|0|497|hex=Brown}}
|-
! [[1990 German federal election|1990]]
| 190,105
| 0.4
| {{decrease}} 0.1
| 145,776
| 0.3
| {{decrease}} 0.3
| {{Composition bar|0|662|hex=Brown}}
|-
! [[1998 German federal election|1998]]
| 45,043
| 0.1
| {{decrease}} 0.3
| 126,571
| 0.3
| {{steady}} 0.0
| {{Composition bar|0|669|hex=Brown}}
|-
! [[2002 German federal election|2002]]
| 103,209
| 0.2
| {{increase}} 0.1
| 215,232
| 0.4
| {{increase}} 0.1
| {{Composition bar|0|603|hex=brown}}
|-
! [[2005 German federal election|2005]]
| 857,777
| 1.8
| {{increase}} 1.6
| 748,568
| 1.6
| {{increase}} 1.2
| {{Composition bar|0|614|hex=Brown}}
|-
! [[2009 German federal election|2009]]
| 768,442
| 1.8
| {{steady}} 0.0
| 635,525
| 1.5
| {{decrease}} 0.1
| {{Composition bar|0|620|hex=Brown}}
|-
! [[2013 German federal election|2013]]
| 634,842
| 1.5
| {{decrease}} 0.3
| 560,828
| 1.3
| {{decrease}} 0.2
| {{Composition bar|0|630|hex=Brown}}
|-
! [[2017 German federal election|2017]]
| 45,239
| 0.1
| {{decrease}} 1.4
| 176,715
| 0.4
| {{decrease}} 0.9
| {{Composition bar|0|709|hex=Brown}}
|-
! [[2021 German federal election|2021]]
| 1,089
| 0.0
| {{decrease}} 0.1
| 64,608
| 0.1
| {{decrease}} 0.3
| {{Composition bar|0|709|hex=Brown}}
|-
![[2025 German federal election|2025]]
| colspan="6" | ''Did not contest''
| {{Composition bar|0|630|hex=Brown}}
|}
===European Parliament===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
! Election
! Votes
! %
! Seats
! +/–
! EP Group
|-
! [[1984 European Parliament election in West Germany|1984]]
| 198,633
| 0.80 (#7)
| {{Composition bar|0|81|{{party color|National Democratic Party of Germany}}}}
| New
| rowspan=6 | –
|-
! [[1989 European Parliament election in West Germany|1989]]
| colspan=2 | ''Did not contest''
| {{Composition bar|0|81|{{party color|National Democratic Party of Germany}}}}
| {{steady}} 0
|-
! [[1994 European Parliament election in Germany|1994]]
| 77,227
| 0.22 (#19)
| {{Composition bar|0|99|{{party color|National Democratic Party of Germany}}}}
| {{steady}} 0
|-
! [[1999 European Parliament election in Germany|1999]]
| 107,662
| 0.40 (#10)
| {{Composition bar|0|99|{{party color|National Democratic Party of Germany}}}}
| {{steady}} 0
|-
! [[2004 European Parliament election in Germany|2004]]
| 241,743
| 0.94 (#11)
| {{Composition bar|0|99|{{party color|National Democratic Party of Germany}}}}
| {{steady}} 0
|-
! [[2009 European Parliament election in Germany|2009]]
| colspan=2 | ''Did not contest''
| {{Composition bar|0|81|{{party color|National Democratic Party of Germany}}}}
| {{steady}} 0
|-
! [[2014 European Parliament election in Germany|2014]]
| 301,139
| 1.03 (#11)
| {{Composition bar|1|99|{{party color|National Democratic Party of Germany}}}}
| {{increase}} 1
| ''[[Non-Inscrits|NI]]''
|-
! [[2019 European Parliament election in Germany|2019]]<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.bundeswahlleiter.de/en/europawahlen/2019/ergebnisse/bund-99.html|title=Results Germany - The Federal Returning Officer|website=bundeswahlleiter.de|access-date=2019-06-10|archive-date=10 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190610173127/https://www.bundeswahlleiter.de/en/europawahlen/2019/ergebnisse/bund-99.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
| 101,323
| 0.27 (#16)
| {{Composition bar|0|99|{{party color|National Democratic Party of Germany}}}}
| {{decrease}} 1
| rowspan=2 | –
|-
! [[2024 European Parliament election in Germany|2024]]
| 41,006
| 0.10 (#27)
| {{Composition bar|0|99|{{party color|The Homeland (German political party)}}}}
| {{steady}} 0
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+'''Best historic results for state parties'''
!State
!Seats / Total
! %
!Position/Gov.
!Year
!Lead Candidate
|-
| [[Landtag of Baden-Württemberg|Baden-Württemberg]]
| style="text-align:center;"| {{composition bar|12|127|hex={{party color|National Democratic Party of Germany}}}}
| 9.82 (#3)
| {{no2|Opposition}}
| style="text-align:center;"| [[1968 Baden-Württemberg state election|1968]]
| Wilhelm Gutmann
|-
| [[Landtag of Bavaria|Bavaria]]
| style="text-align:center;"| {{composition bar|15|204|hex={{party color|National Democratic Party of Germany}}}}
| 7.42 (#3)
| {{no2|Opposition}}
| style="text-align:center;"| 1966
| Siegfried Pöhlmann
|-
| [[Abgeordnetenhaus of Berlin|Berlin]] {{efn-lr|name=note |formerly part of [[East Germany]]}}
| style="text-align:center;"| {{composition bar|0|149|hex={{party color|National Democratic Party of Germany}}}}
| 2.56 (#8)
| align=center style="background:#ddd;"| No seats
| style="text-align:center;"| [[2006 Berlin state election|2006]]
| [[Udo Voigt]]
|-
| [[Landtag of Brandenburg|Brandenburg]] {{efn-lr|name=note}}
| style="text-align:center;"| {{composition bar|0|88|hex={{party color|National Democratic Party of Germany}}}}
| 2.56 (#6)
| align=center style="background:#ddd;"| No seats
| style="text-align:center;"| [[2009 Brandenburg state election|2009]]
| Klaus Beier
|-
| [[Bürgerschaft of Bremen|Bremen]]
| style="text-align:center;"| {{composition bar|8|100|hex={{party color|National Democratic Party of Germany}}}}
| 8.8 (#4)
| {{no2|Opposition}}
| style="text-align:center;"| 1967
| Otto-Theodor Brouwer
|-
| [[Hamburg Parliament|Hamburg]]
| style="text-align:center;"| {{composition bar|0|120|hex={{party color|National Democratic Party of Germany}}}}
| 3.9 (#4)
| align=center style="background:#ddd;"| No seats
| style="text-align:center;"| [[1966 Hamburg state election|1966]]
| ''unknown''
|-
| [[Landtag of Hesse|Hesse]]
| style="text-align:center;"| {{composition bar|8|96|hex={{party color|National Democratic Party of Germany}}}}
| 7.9 (#4)
| {{no2|Opposition}}
| style="text-align:center;"| [[1966 Hessian state election|1966]]
| [[Heinrich Fassbender]]
|-
| [[Landtag of Lower Saxony|Lower Saxony]]
| style="text-align:center;"| {{composition bar|10|149|hex={{party color|National Democratic Party of Germany}}}}
| 7.0 (#3)
| {{no2|Opposition}}
| style="text-align:center;"| 1967
| [[Adolf von Thadden]]
|-
| [[Landtag of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern|{{nowrap|Mecklenburg-Vorpommern}}]] {{efn-lr|name=note}}
| style="text-align:center;"| {{composition bar|6|71|hex={{party color|National Democratic Party of Germany}}}}
| 7.3 (#5)
| {{no2|Opposition}}
| style="text-align:center;"| [[2006 Mecklenburg-Vorpommern state election|2006]]
| [[Udo Pastörs]]
|-
| [[Landtag of North Rhine-Westphalia|{{nowrap|North Rhine-Westphalia}}]]
| style="text-align:center;"| {{composition bar|0|200|hex={{party color|National Democratic Party of Germany}}}}
| 1.08 (#4)
| align=center style="background:#ddd;"| No seats
| style="text-align:center;"| [[1970 North Rhine-Westphalia state election|1970]]
| ''unknown''
|-
| [[Landtag of Rhineland-Palatinate|Rhineland-Palatinate]]
| style="text-align:center;"| {{composition bar|4|100|hex={{party color|National Democratic Party of Germany}}}}
| 6.9 (#4)
| {{no2|Opposition}}
| style="text-align:center;"| [[1967 Rhineland-Palatinate state election|1967]]
| Fritz May
|-
| [[Landtag of the Saarland|Saarland]]
| style="text-align:center;"| {{composition bar|0|51|hex={{party color|National Democratic Party of Germany}}}}
| 4.0 (#5)
| align=center style="background:#ddd;"| No seats
| style="text-align:center;"| [[2004 Saarland state election|2004]]
| Peter Marx
|-
| [[Landtag of the Free State of Saxony|Saxony]] {{efn-lr|name=note}}
| style="text-align:center;"| {{composition bar|12|124|hex={{party color|National Democratic Party of Germany}}}}
| 9.2 (#4)
| {{no2|Opposition}}
| style="text-align:center;"| [[2004 Saxony state election|2004]]
| [[Holger Apfel]]
|-
| [[Landtag of Saxony-Anhalt|Saxony-Anhalt]] {{efn-lr|name=note}}
| style="text-align:center;"| {{composition bar|0|105|hex={{party color|National Democratic Party of Germany}}}}
| 4.6 (#5)
| align=center style="background:#ddd;"| No seats
| style="text-align:center;"| [[2011 Saxony-Anhalt state election|2011]]
| Matthias Heyder
|-
| [[Landtag of Schleswig-Holstein|Schleswig-Holstein]]
| style="text-align:center;"| {{composition bar|4|73|hex={{party color|National Democratic Party of Germany}}}}
| 5.85 (#4)
| {{no2|Opposition}}
| style="text-align:center;"| 1967
| Karl-Ernst Lober
|-
| [[Landtag of Thuringia|Thuringia]] {{efn-lr|name=note}}
| style="text-align:center;"| {{composition bar|0|90|hex={{party color|National Democratic Party of Germany}}}}
| 4.3 (#6)
| align=center style="background:#ddd;"| No seats
| style="text-align:center;"| [[2009 Thuringian state election|2009]]
| Frank Schwerdt
|}
== Literature ==
* Ackermann, Robert: ''Warum die NPD keinen Erfolg haben kann – Organisation, Programm und Kommunikation einer rechtsextremen Partei.'' Budrich, Opladen 2012, {{ISBN|978-3-86388-012-5}}.
* Brandstetter, Marc: ''Die „neue" NPD: Zwischen Systemfeindschaft und bürgerlicher Fassade. Parteienmonitor Aktuell der Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung.'' Bonn 2012 [http://www.kas.de/wf/doc/kas_30034-544-1-30.pdf?120213132509 (online)]
* Brandstetter, Marc: ''Die NPD unter Udo Voigt. Organisation. Ideologie. Strategie'' (= ''Extremismus und Demokratie''. Bd. 25). Nomos Verlag, Baden-Baden 2013, {{ISBN|978-3-383-29708-3}}.
* Prasse, Jan-Ole: ''Der kurze Höhenflug der NPD. Rechtsextreme Wahlerfolge in den 1960er Jahren.'' Tectum-Verlag, Marburg 2010, {{ISBN|978-3-8288-2282-5}}.
* Philippsberg, Robert: ''Die Strategie der NPD: Regionale Umsetzung in Ost- und Westdeutschland.'' Baden-Baden 2009.
* apabiz e. V.: ''Die NPD – Eine Handreichung zu Programm, Struktur, Personal und Hintergründen.'' Zweite, aktualisierte Auflage. 2008. [http://www.apabiz.de/aktuell/NPDNeu.pdf (online)] (PDF; 671 kB)
==See also==
* [[Far-right politics in Germany]]
* [[German nationalism]]
* [[Irredentism]]
* [[Frank Rennicke]]
* [[List of National Democratic Party of Germany politicians]]
==Notes==
{{notelist-lr}}
==References==
{{Reflist}}
==Works cited==
* {{cite book |last=Nagle |first=John |title=The National Democratic Party: Right Radicalism in the Federal Republic of Germany |publisher=[[University of California Press]] |date=1970 |isbn=0520016491}}
* {{cite book |last=Long |first=Wellington |title=The New Nazis of Germany |publisher=[[Chilton Company]] |date=1968 |url=https://archive.org/details/newnazisofgerman0000well}}
==External links==
{{Commons category|Die Heimat (political party)}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20210305005035/http://medien.npd.de/dokumente/parteiprogramm.pdf 2010 party platform of the NPD] {{In lang|de}}
* [http://www.npd-sh.de/sprachen/englisch/ History of the National Democratic Party] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927121659/http://www.npd-sh.de/sprachen/englisch/ |date=27 September 2007 }}
* [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/5349696.stm BBC news: Poll boost for German far right]
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[[Category:1964 establishments in West Germany]]
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[[Category:Organizations that oppose LGBTQ rights in Germany]]
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