Robert Frost: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 06:40, 11 June 2007

Latest revision as of 05:22, 30 July 2025

Line 1:

{{Short description|American poet (1874–1963)}}

{{Infobox Writer

{{About|the poet|other people with the same name}}

| name = Robert Frost

{{pp-vandalism|small=yes}}

| image = Robert Frost NYWTS.jpg

{{Use American English|date=May 2024}}

| caption = Robert Frost (1941)

{{Use mdy dates|date=May 2025}}

| birth_date = [[March 26]], [[1874]]

{{Infobox writer

| birth_place = {{flagicon|USA}} [[San Francisco, California]] [[USA]]

| name = Robert Frost

| death_date = [[January 29]], [[1963]]

| image = Robert Frost NYWTS 4.jpg

| death_place = {{flagicon|USA}} [[Boston, Massachusetts]] [[USA]]

| caption = Frost in 1949

| occupation = Poet

| birth_date = {{birth date|1874|3|26}}

| movement =

| birth_place = {{nowrap|[[San Francisco]], California, U.S.}}

| genre =

| death_date = {{Death date and age|1963|1|29|1874|3|26}}

| magnum_opus =

| death_place = [[Boston]], Massachusetts, U.S.

| influences =

| occupation = Poet, playwright

| influenced =

| education = [[Dartmouth College]] (no degree)<br />[[Harvard University]] (no degree)

| footnotes =

| notableworks = ''[[A Boy's Will]]'', ''[[North of Boston]]'', ''[[New Hampshire (poetry collection)|New Hampshire]]''<ref name="Poetry Foundation">{{cite web|title=Robert Frost|url=http://www.poetryfoundation.org/bio/robert-frost|website=The Poetry Foundation|access-date=February 18, 2015}}</ref>

| spouse = {{marriage|Elinor Miriam White|1895|1938|end = died}}

| children = 6

| awards = {{ubl|[[Pulitzer Prize for Poetry]]|[[List of Congressional Gold Medal recipients|Congressional Gold Medal]]}}

| signature = Robert Frost Signature.svg

}}

'''Robert Lee Frost''' ([[March {{nbsp}}26]], [[1874]] &ndash; [[{{snd}}January {{nbsp}}29]], [[1963]]) was an [[UnitedAmerican poet. Known for his realistic depictions of rural life and his command of States|American]] [[poetColloquialism|colloquial speech]],<ref name=britannica>{{cite encyclopedia | encyclopedia= Encyclopædia Britannica | title=Robert Frost | url=http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9035504/Robert-Frost His| workedition=Online | year=2008 | access-date=December 21, 2008}}</ref> Frost frequently drewwrote about inspirationsettings from rural life in [[New England]], usingin the settingearly 20th century, using them to exploreexamine complex social and philosophical themes.<ref Aname=":Poetry popularFoundation">{{cite andweb| often-quoted poet,title=Robert Frost| wasurl=https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poets/robert-frost|website=Poetry highlyFoundation|access-date=July honored during his lifetime4, receiving four [[Pulitzer Prizes]].2024}}</ref>

Frequently honored during his lifetime, Frost is the only poet to receive four [[Pulitzer Prize for Poetry|Pulitzer Prizes for Poetry]]. He became one of America's rare "public literary figures, almost an artistic institution".<ref name="Stine 1983 110">''Contemporary Literary Criticism''. Ed. Jean C. Stine, Bridget Broderick, and Daniel G. Marowski. Vol. 26. Detroit: Gale Research, 1983. p 110.</ref> Appointed [[United States Poet Laureate]] in 1958, he also received the [[Congressional Gold Medal]] in 1960, and in 1961 was named [[poet laureate]] of [[Vermont]]. [[Randall Jarrell]] wrote: "Robert Frost, along with [[Wallace Stevens|Stevens]] and [[T. S. Eliot|Eliot]], seems to me the greatest of the American poets of this century. Frost's virtues are extraordinary. No other living poet has written so well about the actions of ordinary men; his wonderful dramatic monologues or dramatic scenes come out of a knowledge of people that few poets have had, and they are written in a verse that uses, sometimes with absolute mastery, the rhythms of actual speech".<ref>Jarrell, Randall. "Fifty Years of American Poetry." ''No Other Book: Selected Essays''. New York: HarperCollins, 1999.</ref> In his 1939 essay "The Figure a Poem Makes", Frost explains his [[poetics]]:<blockquote>No tears in the writer, no tears in the reader. No surprise for the writer, no surprise for the reader. For me the initial delight is in the surprise of remembering something I didn't know I knew...[Poetry] must be a revelation, or a series of revelations, for the poet as for the reader. For it to be that there must have been the greatest freedom of the material to move about in it and to establish relations in it regardless of time and space, previous relation, and everything but affinity.<ref>{{cite book| title=The Best American Essays of the Century| page=176| editor=Joyce Carol Oates| year=2000}}</ref></blockquote>

==Biography==

===Early life===

Although he is commonly associated with [[New England]], Frost was born in [[San Francisco, California|San Francisco]] to Isabelle Moodie, of [[Scotland|Scottish]] ancestry, and [[William Prescott Frost, Jr.]], a descendant of a Devonshire Frost who had sailed to [[New Hampshire]] in 1634[http://www.poemofquotes.com/robertfrost/]. His father was a former teacher turned newspaperman, a hard drinker, a gambler, a harsh disciplinarian; he had a passion for politics, and dabbled in them, for as long as his health allowed. Frost lived in [[California]] until he was eleven years old. After the death of his father in 1885, he moved with his mother and sister to eastern [[Massachusetts]], near his paternal grandparents. His mother joined the [[Swedenborgian]] church and had him baptized in it, but he left it as an adult. He grew up as a city boy and published his first poem in [[Lawrence, Massachusetts]]. He attended [[Dartmouth College]] in 1892, for just over a semester, and while there joined the fraternity [[Theta Delta Chi]]. He went back home to teach and work at various jobs including factory work and newspaper delivery.

[[File:Robert Frost, 1910s.jpg|thumb|upright=1|Frost, {{circa}} 1910]]

Robert Frost was born in [[San Francisco]] to journalist William Prescott Frost Jr. and Isabelle Moodie.<ref name=britannica/> His father was a descendant of Nicholas Frost of [[Tiverton, Devon]], England, who had sailed to [[New Hampshire]] in 1634 on the ''Wolfrana'', and his mother was a Scottish immigrant.

Frost was also a descendant of [[Samuel Appleton (born 1625)|Samuel Appleton]], one of the early English settlers of [[Ipswich, Massachusetts]], and [[George Phillips (Watertown)|Rev. George Phillips]], one of the early English settlers of [[Watertown, Massachusetts|Watertown]], Massachusetts.<ref>Watson, Marsten. ''Royal Families - Americans of Royal and Noble Ancestry. Volume Three: Samuel Appleton and His Wife Judith Everard and Five Generations of Their Descendants''. 2010.</ref>

In [[1894]] he sold his first poem, "My Butterfly", to ''The New York Independent'' for fifteen dollars. Proud of this accomplishment, he asked Elinor Miriam White to marry him. She refused, wanting to finish school before they married. They had graduated co-valedictorians from their high-school and had remained in contact with one another. Frost was sure that there was another man and went on an excursion to the [[Great Dismal Swamp]] in [[Virginia]]. He came back later that year and asked Elinor again; she accepted, and they were married in December [[1895]].

Frost's father was a teacher and later an editor of the ''[[San Francisco Evening Bulletin]]'' (which later merged with the ''[[San Francisco Examiner]]''), and an unsuccessful candidate for city tax collector.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Rothman |first=Joshua |date=January 29, 2013 |orig-date=January 29, 2013 |title=Robert Frost: Darkness or Light? |url=https://www.newyorker.com/books/page-turner/robert-frost-darkness-or-light |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231019033538/https://www.newyorker.com/books/page-turner/robert-frost-darkness-or-light |archive-date=October 19, 2023 |access-date=July 30, 2024 |magazine=The New Yorker |language=en-US |issn=0028-792X}}</ref> After his death on May 5, 1885, the family moved across the country to [[Lawrence, Massachusetts|Lawrence]], Massachusetts, under the patronage of Robert's grandfather William Frost Sr., who was an overseer at a New England mill. Frost graduated from [[Lawrence High School (Massachusetts)|Lawrence High School]] in 1892, where he published his first poem in the high school magazine, served as class poet and, with his future wife Elinor White, was co-valedictorian.<ref>{{cite book | last=Ehrlich | first=Eugene | author2=Carruth, Gorton | title=The Oxford Illustrated Literary Guide to the United States | volume=50 | ___location=New York | publisher=Oxford University Press | year=1982 | isbn=0-19-503186-5 | url=https://archive.org/details/oxfordillustrate00euge }}</ref><ref name=":Poetry Foundation"/><ref>{{Cite news |title=Public School Products |url=https://time.com/archive/6803600/education-public-school-products/ |date=September 14, 1959 |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]}}</ref> Frost's mother joined the [[The New Church|Swedenborgian]] church and had him baptized in it, but he left it as an adult.

They taught school together until 1897. Frost then entered [[Harvard University]] for two years. He did well, but felt he had to return home because of his health and because his wife, Elinor Miriam White, was expecting a second child. His grandfather purchased a farm in [[Derry, New Hampshire|Derry]], [[New Hampshire]], for the young couple. Soon afterwards his grandfather died. He stayed there for nine years and wrote many of the poems that would make up his first works. His attempt at poultry farming was not successful, and he was forced to take another job at [[Pinkerton Academy]], a secondary school, from 1906 to 1911 as an english teacher. From 1911 to 1912, Robert Frost lived in [[Plymouth, NH|Plymouth]], New Hampshire, and taught at the New Hampshire Normal School (now [[Plymouth State University]]).

Although known for his later association with rural life, Frost grew up in the city. He attended [[Dartmouth College]] for two months, long enough to be accepted into the [[Theta Delta Chi]] fraternity. Frost returned home to teach and to work at various jobs, helping his mother teach her class of unruly boys, delivering newspapers and working in a factory maintaining [[carbon arc lamp]]s. He said that he did not enjoy these jobs, feeling that his true calling was to write poetry.

[[Image:Young Frost.jpg|thumb|Portrait of Frost c.1910-1920]]

In [[1912]], Frost sailed with his family to [[Glasgow]], and later settled in [[Beaconsfield]], outside [[London]].

===Adult years===

His first book of poetry, ''A Boy's Will'', was published the next year. In England he made some crucial contacts including [[Edward Thomas (poet)|Edward Thomas]] (a member of the group known as the [[Dymock poets]]), [[T. E. Hulme]], and [[Ezra Pound]], who was the first American to write a (favorable) review of Frost's work. Frost wrote some of his best pieces of work while living in England.

[[File:Robertfrostfarm.JPG|thumb|upright=1.2|The [[Robert Frost Farm (Derry, New Hampshire)|Robert Frost Farm]] in [[Derry, New Hampshire]], where he wrote many of his poems, including "Tree at My Window" and "[[Mending Wall]]"]]

[[File:Robert Frost NYWTS 5.jpg|thumb|upright=1|Frost's 85th birthday in 1959]]

[[File:Robert Frost's epitaph.jpg|thumb|upright=1|"I had a lover's quarrel with the world", an excerpt from his poem "The Lesson for Today", is the epitaph engraved on Frost's tomb.]]

In 1894, he sold his first poem, "My Butterfly. An Elegy" (published in the November 8, 1894, edition of [[The Independent (New York City)|''The Independent'']] of New York) for $15 (${{Inflation|US|15|1894}} today). Proud of his accomplishment, he proposed marriage to Elinor Miriam White, but she demurred, wanting to finish college at [[St. Lawrence University]] before they married. Frost then went on an excursion to the [[Great Dismal Swamp]] in [[Virginia]] and asked Elinor again upon his return. Having graduated, she agreed, and they were married in [[Lawrence, Massachusetts|Lawrence]], [[Massachusetts]], on December 19, 1895.

Frost attended [[Harvard University]] from 1897 to 1899, but he left voluntarily due to illness.<ref name="TutenZubizarreta2001">{{cite book|author1=Nancy Lewis Tuten|author2=John Zubizarreta|title=The Robert Frost encyclopedia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=47NFEPDDBMgC&pg=PA146|year=2001|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|isbn=978-0-313-29464-8|page=145|quote=Halfway through the spring semester of his second year, Dean Briggs released him from Harvard without prejudice, lamenting the loss of so good a student.}}</ref><ref name="Parini2000">{{cite book|author=Jay Parini|title=Robert Frost: A Life|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rHWqRHJiAlwC&pg=PA12-IA9|year=2000|publisher=Macmillan|isbn=978-0-8050-6341-7|pages=64–65}}</ref><ref name="Meyers1996">{{cite book|author=Jeffrey Meyers|title=Robert Frost: a biography|url=https://archive.org/details/robertfrost00jeff|url-access=registration|year=1996|publisher=Houghton Mifflin|isbn=9780395856031|quote=Frost remained at Harvard until March of his sophomore year, when he decamped in the middle of a term&nbsp;...}}</ref> Shortly before his death, Frost's grandfather purchased [[Robert Frost Farm (Derry, New Hampshire)|a farm]] for Robert and Elinor in [[Derry, New Hampshire|Derry]], [[New Hampshire]]; Frost worked the farm for nine years while writing early in the mornings and producing many of the poems that would later become famous. Ultimately his farming proved unsuccessful and he returned to the field of education as an English teacher at New Hampshire's [[Pinkerton Academy]] from 1906 to 1911, then at the New Hampshire Normal School (now [[Plymouth State University]]) in [[Plymouth, New Hampshire|Plymouth]], New Hampshire.

Frost returned to America in 1915, bought a farm in [[Franconia, New Hampshire]], and launched a career of writing, teaching and lecturing. The family homestead in Franconia, which the Frosts owned from 1915 to 1920 and visited in the summers through 1938, is maintained as a museum and poetry conference center [http://frostplace.org]. From 1916 to 1938, he was an English [[professor]] at [[Amherst College]]. He encouraged his writing students to bring the sound of the human voice to their craft. Beginning in 1921, and for the next 42 years (with three exceptions), Frost spent his summers teaching at the Bread Loaf School of English of [[Middlebury College]] in [[Ripton, Vermont]]. Middlebury College still owns and maintains Robert Frost's Farm as a National Historic Site near the Bread Loaf campus.

In 1912, Frost sailed with his family to [[Great Britain]], settling first in [[Beaconsfield]], a small town in [[Buckinghamshire]] outside London. His first book of poetry, ''[[A Boy's Will]]'', was published the next year. In England he made some important acquaintances, including [[Edward Thomas (poet)|Edward Thomas]] (a member of the group known as the [[Dymock poets]] and Frost's inspiration for "[[The Road Not Taken]]"<ref>{{Cite book|title = The Road Not Taken: Finding America in the Poem Everyone Loves and Almost Everyone Gets Wrong|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=DQMbBQAAQBAJ|publisher = Penguin|date = August 18, 2015|isbn = 9780698140899|language = en|first = David|last = Orr}}</ref>), [[T. E. Hulme]] and [[Ezra Pound]]. Although Pound would become the first American to write a favorable review of Frost's work, Frost later resented Pound's attempts to manipulate his American [[metre (poetry)|prosody]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Meyers |first1=Jeffrey |title=Robert Frost: A Biography |date=1996 |publisher=Houghton Mifflin |___location=Boston |isbn=9780395728093 |pages=107–109}}</ref> Frost met or befriended many contemporary poets in England, especially after his first two poetry volumes were published in London in 1913 (''A Boy's Will'') and 1914 (''[[North of Boston]]'').

Upon his death in Boston on [[January 29]], [[1963]], Robert Frost was buried in the Old Bennington Cemetery, in [[Bennington (town), Vermont|Bennington, Vermont]]. Harvard's 1965 alumni directory indicates his having received an honorary degree there; Frost also received honorary degrees from [[Bates College]] and [[University of Oxford|Oxford]] and [[University of Cambridge|Cambridge]] universities, and he was the first to receive two honorary degrees from Dartmouth College. During his lifetime, the Robert Frost Middle School in [[Fairfax, Virginia]], as well as the main library of [[Amherst College]] were named after him.

In 1915, during [[World War I]], Frost returned to America, where [[Henry Holt and Company|Holt's]] American edition of ''A Boy's Will'' had recently been published, and bought a farm in [[Franconia, New Hampshire|Franconia]], New Hampshire, where he launched a career of writing, teaching and lecturing. This family homestead served as the Frosts' summer home until 1938. It is maintained today as [[The Frost Place]], a museum and poetry conference site. He was made an honorary member of [[Phi Beta Kappa]] at Harvard<ref>{{Cite journal|date=1926|jstor=42914052|journal=The Phi Beta Kappa Key|volume=6|issue=4|pages=237–240|title=Phi Beta Kappa Authors}}</ref> in 1916. During the years 1917–20, 1923–25, and, on a more informal basis, 1926–1938, Frost taught English at [[Amherst College]] in Massachusetts, notably encouraging his students to account for the myriad sounds and intonations of the spoken English language in their writing. He called his colloquial approach to language "the sound of sense".<ref name="www.learner.org series57">{{cite web|url=http://www.learner.org/resources/series57.html|title=Resource: Voices & Visions|website=www.learner.org|access-date=March 22, 2018}}</ref>

===Kennedy inauguration poems===

He won the first of four [[Pulitzer Prize]]s for ''[[New Hampshire (poetry collection)|New Hampshire: A Poem with Notes and Grace Notes]]'' (1923).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pulitzer.org/winners/robert-frost|title=The 1924 Pulitzer Prize Winner in Poetry|website=Pulitzer.org|access-date=March 22, 2018}}</ref> He would win Pulitzers for ''[[Collected Poems of Robert Frost|Collected Poems]]'' (1930),<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pulitzer.org/winners/robert-frost-0|title=The 1931 Pulitzer Prize Winner in Poetry|website=Pulitzer.org|access-date=March 22, 2018}}</ref> ''[[A Further Range]]'' (1936)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pulitzer.org/winners/robert-frost-1|title=The 1937 Pulitzer Prize Winner in Poetry|website=Pulitzer.org|access-date=March 22, 2018}}</ref> and ''A Witness Tree'' (1942).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pulitzer.org/winners/robert-frost-2|title=The 1943 Pulitzer Prize Winner in Poetry|website=Pulitzer.org|access-date=March 22, 2018}}</ref>

Though not notably associated with any political party, Frost is widely remembered for reciting a poem, "The Gift Outright", on January 20, 1961 at the inauguration of President [[John F. Kennedy]]. Nominally a tribute to the country's early colonial spirit ("This land was ours before we were the land's"), the poem ends on an optimistic, but characteristically ambivalent, note:

From 1921 to 1962, Frost spent almost every summer and fall teaching at the [[Bread Loaf School of English]] of [[Middlebury College]], at its mountain campus at [[Ripton, Vermont|Ripton]], [[Vermont]]. He is credited with being a major influence upon the development of the school and its writing programs. The college now owns and maintains his former Ripton farmstead, a [[National Historic Landmark]], near the Bread Loaf campus.<ref>{{cite web |title=A Brief History of the Bread Loaf School of English |url=http://www.middlebury.edu/blse/about/history |website=Middlebury Bread Loaf School of English |access-date=February 11, 2018}}</ref> In 1921, Frost accepted a fellowship teaching post at the [[University of Michigan, Ann Arbor]], where he resided until 1927, when he returned to teach at Amherst. While teaching at the University of Michigan, he was awarded a lifetime appointment at the university as a Fellow in Letters.<ref name = Frost/> The Robert Frost Ann Arbor home was purchased by [[The Henry Ford]] Museum in [[Dearborn, Michigan|Dearborn]], [[Michigan]] and relocated to the museum's Greenfield Village site for public tours. Throughout the 1920s, Frost also lived in his [[Colonial history of the United States|colonial-era]] house in [[Shaftsbury, Vermont|Shaftsbury]], Vermont. In 2002, the house was opened to the public as the [[Robert Frost Stone House Museum]]<ref name="stone_house">{{Cite web|url=https://www.bennington.edu/robert-frost-stone-house-museum|title=Robert Frost Stone House Museum &#124; Bennington College|website=www.bennington.edu}}</ref> and was given to [[Bennington College]] in 2017.<ref name="stone_house"/>

:''Such as we were we gave ourselves outright''

:''(The deed of gift was many deeds of war)''

:''To the land vaguely realizing westward,''

:''But still unstoried, artless, unenhanced,''

:''Such as she was, such as she would become.''

In 1934, Frost began to spend winter months in [[Florida]].<ref name="Helen Muir" /> In March 1935, he gave a talk at the [[University of Miami]].<ref name="Helen Muir" /> In 1940, he bought a {{convert|5|acre|adj=on}} plot in South Miami, Florida, naming it ''Pencil Pines''; he spent his winters there for the rest of his life.<ref name="Helen Muir">{{cite book|title=Frost in Florida: a memoir|last=Muir|first=Helen|publisher=Valiant Press|year=1995|isbn=0-9633461-6-4|pages=11, 17}}</ref> In her memoir about Frost's time in Florida, [[Helen Muir (reporter)|Helen Muir]] writes, "Frost had called his five acres ''Pencil Pines'' because he said he had never made a penny from anything that did not involve the use of a pencil."<ref name="Helen Muir" /> His properties also included a [[Robert Frost House|house]] on Brewster Street in [[Cambridge, Massachusetts|Cambridge]], Massachusetts.

Frost had intended to read another poem, "Dedication", which he had written specifically for Kennedy and for the occasion. But with feeble eyesight, unfamiliarity with the new poem, and difficulty reading his typescript in the bright January light, Frost chose only to deliver the poem he knew from memory (which he did in strong voice, despite his 86 years).

Frost was appointed [[United States Poet Laureate]] in 1958 by [[Librarian of Congress]] [[Lawrence Quincy Mumford]], serving for one year until succeeded by [[Richard Eberhart]]. He was 86 when he performed a reading at the [[inauguration of John F. Kennedy]] on January 20, 1961. Frost began by attempting to read his poem "Dedication", which he had composed for the occasion, but due to the brightness of the sunlight he was unable to see the text, so he recited "[[The Gift Outright]]" from memory instead.<ref>"John F. Kennedy: A Man of This Century". ''CBS''. November 22, 1963.</ref> In the summer of 1962, he accompanied Interior Secretary [[Stewart Udall]] on a visit to the Soviet Union in hopes of meeting [[Nikita Khrushchev]] to lobby for peaceful relations between the two Cold War powers.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.jfkthelastspeech.org/frost-the-poet-politician/|title=The Poet - Politician - JFK The Last Speech|work=JFK The Last Speech|access-date=October 25, 2018|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/books/99/04/25/specials/frost-last.html|title=Robert Frost's Last Adventure|last=Udall|first=Stewart L.|date=June 11, 1972|website=archive.nytimes.com|access-date=October 25, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.csmonitor.com/Books/2008/0408/p13s01-bogn.html|title=When Robert Frost met Khrushchev|date=April 8, 2008|work=Christian Science Monitor|access-date=October 25, 2018|issn=0882-7729}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.wgbh.org/news/local-news/listen-2|title=Remembering John F. Kennedy's Last Speech|last=Schachter|first=Aaron|date=August 10, 2018|work=All Things Considered|access-date=October 25, 2018|language=en}}</ref>

In April 2006, a handwritten copy of "Dedication" was donated to the [[John F. Kennedy Library]] in [[Boston, Massachusetts]]; it had come from the estate of one of Kennedy's special assistants (who had died the year before). On the manuscript, Frost had added "To John F. Kennedy, At his inauguration to be president of this country. [[January 20]], [[1961]]. With the Heart of the World," followed by, "Amended copy, now let's mend our ways." After removing the paper backing from the frame, a Kennedy archivist discovered a faintly-legible handwritten note from [[Jackie Kennedy|Jacqueline Kennedy]]: "For Jack, January 23, 1961. First thing I had framed to put in your office. First thing to be hung there."<ref>http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/04/21/AR2006042101378.html?nav=rss_artsandliving/entertainmentnews</ref>

In the early hours of January 29, 1963, Frost died at [[Peter Bent Brigham Hospital]] in Boston, at the age of 88.<ref>{{cite news|url = https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/books/99/04/25/specials/frost-obit.html|title = Robert Frost Dies at 88; Kennedy Leads in Tribute|agency = [[Associated Press]]|newspaper = [[The New York Times]]|date = January 30, 1963|accessdate = September 24, 2024}}</ref> He was buried in the Old Bennington Cemetery in Bennington, Vermont. His [[epitaph]], from the last line of his poem "The Lesson for Today" (1942), is: "I had a lover's quarrel with the world."

:''... The glory of a next Augustan age''

:''Of a power leading from its strength and pride,''

:''Of young ambition eager to be tried,''

:''Firm in our free beliefs without dismay,''

:''In any game the nations want to play.''

:''A golden age of poetry and power''

:''Of which this noonday's the beginning hour.''[http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/ampage?collId=mcc&fileName=088/page.db&recNum=0&itemLink=r?ammem/mcc:@field(DOCID+@lit(mcc/088))]

===Personal life===

Frost represented the United States on several official missions, including a meeting with Soviet leader [[Nikita Khrushchev]]. After the latter meeting, he told a press conference in New York on September 9, 1962 that "Krushchev said American liberals were too liberal to fight."<ref name="Boller and George">{{cite book |last=Boller, Jr. |first=Paul F. |authorlink= |coauthors=George, John |title=They Never Said It: A Book of Fake Quotes, Misquotes, and Misleading Attributions |year=1989 |publisher=Oxford University Press |___location=New York |isbn=0-19-505541-1 }}</ref><!-- p. 60 --> The remark so angered Kennedy<ref>Dalleck, Robert, John F. ''Kennedy: An Unfinished Life 1917-1963'' (2003; London: Penguin, 2004), 540.</ref> that he severed the hitherto cordial relations between himself and Frost, and refused so determinatively to speak to him again that he declined both [[Stewart Udall]]'s request in January 1963 that he send the dying Frost a final message,<ref>Reeves, Richard, ''President Kennedy: Profile of Power'' (1993; London: Papermac, 1994), 455.</ref> and ignored (according to Kennedy biographer Richard Reeves) "pleas from the eighty-eight year old poet's deathbed."<ref>Reeves, Richard, op. cit., plate 23.</ref> Frost's statement at the press conference may not have actually been accurate; in a letter he wrote to [[Norman Thomas]], Frost said "I can't see how Khrushchev's talk got turned into what you quote that we weren't man enough to fight. I came nearer than he to threatening; with my native gentility I assured him that we were no more afraid of him than he was of us."<ref name="Boller and George" /><!-- p. 60 -->

[[File:Robert Frost's Grave.JPG|thumb|upright=1|The Frost family grave in Bennington Old Cemetery]]

Frost's personal life was plagued by grief and loss. In 1885, when he was 11, his father died of [[tuberculosis]], leaving the family with just eight dollars. Frost's mother died of [[cancer]] in 1900. In 1920, he had to commit his younger sister Jeanie to a mental hospital, where she died nine years later. Mental illness apparently ran in Frost's family, as both he and his mother suffered from [[Major depressive disorder|depression]], and his daughter Irma was committed to a mental hospital in 1947. Frost's wife, Elinor, also experienced bouts of depression.<ref name = Frost/>

Elinor and Robert Frost had six children: son Elliott (1896–1900, died of [[cholera]]); daughter Lesley Frost Ballantine (1899–1983); son Carol (1902–1940); daughter Irma (1903–1967); daughter Marjorie (1905–1934, died as a result of [[puerperal fever]] after childbirth); and daughter Elinor Bettina (died just one day after her birth in 1907). Only Lesley and Irma outlived their father. Frost's wife, who had heart problems throughout her life, developed [[breast cancer]] in 1937 and died of [[heart failure]] in 1938.<ref name="Frost">{{cite book |last=Frost |first=Robert |editor1-last=Poirier |editor1-first=Richard |editor2-last=Richardson |editor2-first=Mark |title=Collected Poems, Prose, & Plays |series=The Library of America |volume=81 |___location=New York |publisher=Library of America |year=1995 |isbn=1-883011-06-X |url=https://archive.org/details/collectedpoemspr00fros }}</ref>

==Works==

==Work==

Over the course of his career, Frost also became known for poems involving dramas or an interplay of voices, such as "Death of the Hired Man". His work was highly popular in his lifetime and remains so. Among his best-known shorter poems are "[[Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening]]", "[[Mending Wall]]", "[[Nothing Gold Can Stay (poem)|Nothing Gold Can Stay]]", "Birches", "[[Acquainted With the Night]]", "[[After Apple-Picking]]", "The Pasture", "[[Fire and Ice (poem)|Fire and Ice]]", "[[The Road Not Taken]]", and "Directive". Frost won the [[Pulitzer Prize]] four times, an achievement unequalled by any other American poet.

===Style and critical reception===

Frost was prolific, and poems are occasionally unearthed and published. The most recent instance is "War Thoughts at Home", written around 1918 on the inside cover of a book and published in [[Virginia Quarterly Review]] in 2006.[http://www.vqronline.org/articles/2006/fall/stilling-between-friends/] Nearly 700 pages of new poems, epigraphs, drafts and fragments appeared in ''The Notebooks of Robert Frost'', published January 2007.[http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/16840012/site/newsweek/][http://www.tnr.com/doc.mhtml?i=20070122&s=benfey012207]

Critic [[Harold Bloom]] argued that Frost was one of "the major American poets".<ref name="bloom">{{cite book |last1=Bloom |first1=Harold |title=Robert Frost |date=1999 |publisher=Chelsea House |page=9}}</ref>

[[Randall Jarrell]]'s influential essays on Frost include "Robert Frost's 'Home Burial{{'"}} (1962), an extended close reading of that particular poem,<ref>{{cite web |last=Jarrell |first=Randall |title=On 'Home Burial' |url=http://www.english.illinois.edu/maps/poets/a_f/frost/burial.htm |year=1999 |orig-year=1962 |website=English Department at the University of Illinois |access-date=October 18, 2018 |archive-date=October 2, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181002133241/http://www.english.illinois.edu/maps/poets/a_f/frost/burial.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> and "To The Laodiceans", (1952) in which Jarrell defended Frost against critics who had accused Frost of being too "traditional" and out of touch with Modern or [[Modernist poetry]]. Jarrell wrote "the regular ways of looking at Frost's poetry are grotesque simplifications, distortions, falsifications—coming to know his poetry well ought to be enough, in itself, to dispel any of them, and to make plain the necessity of finding some other way of talking about his work." Jarrell's close readings of poems like "Neither Out Too Far Nor In Too Deep" led readers and critics to perceive more of the complexities in Frost's poetry.

==Pop culture==

[[File:RobertFrost.jpg|thumb|left|160px|U.S stamp, 1974]]

* Several of Frost's poems form the basis of [[Randall Thompson]]'s suite for [[chorus]], ''[[Frostiana]]''.

* Robert Frost's poem ''[[Nothing Gold Can Stay]]'' is mentioned several times in the book ''[[The Outsiders]]''. The most famous quote, "Stay gold Ponyboy," is based on his poem.

* In the film [[Down by Law (film)|Down by Law]], [[Roberto Benigni]]'s character names "Bob Frost" his favorite poet.

* In the film [[Grindhouse (film)|Grindhouse]], [[Kurt Russell]]'s character recites part of "[[Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening]]."

* In the [[computer game]] [[Grim Fandango]], the player can ask a clown to make a balloon in the shape of Robert Frost.

* In one episode of the television series "The Simpsons", Krusty the Clown shows an episode of his old "Krusty the Clown Show", where he had invited Robert Frost on to read poetry, but instead dumped snow on his head.

* In one episode of the West Wing, Josh Leiman discusses Frost's poem, "Mending Wall," and how it portrays people isolating themselves.

[[Brad Leithauser]] notes that "the 'other' Frost that Jarrell discerned behind the genial, homespun New England rustic—the 'dark' Frost who was desperate, frightened, and brave—has become the Frost we've all learned to recognize, and the little-known poems Jarrell singled out as central to the Frost canon are now to be found in most anthologies".<ref>Leithauser, Brad. Introduction. ''No Other Book: Selected Essays''. New York: HarperCollins, 1999.</ref><ref>{{cite book | last=Nelson | first=Cary | title=Anthology of Modern American Poetry | page=84 | ___location=New York | publisher=Oxford University Press | year=2000 | isbn=0-19-512270-4 }}</ref> Jarrell lists a selection of the Frost poems he considers the most masterful, including "The Witch of Coös", "Home Burial", "A Servant to Servants", "Directive", "Neither Out Too Far Nor In Too Deep", "Provide, Provide", "[[Acquainted with the Night]]", "[[After Apple Picking]]", "[[Mending Wall]]", "The Most of It", "An Old Man's Winter Night", "To Earthward", "[[Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening]]", "Spring Pools", "The Lovely Shall Be Choosers", "Design" and "[[Desert Places]]".<ref>Jarrell, Randall. "Fifty Years of American Poetry." ''No Other Book: Selected Essays''. HarperCollins, 1999.</ref>

==Selected works==

[[Image:Robert Frost Grave Bennington 2006.jpg|right|thumb|200px|Grave of Robert Frost, [[Bennington (town), Vermont|Bennington]], [[Vermont]]]]

{{Quote box

===Poetry===

| title = From "Birches"<ref>{{cite web|title=Birches by Robert Frost|url=http://www.poetryfoundation.org/poem/173524|website=The Poetry Foundation|access-date=18 February 2015}}</ref>

* ''[[A Boy's Will]]'' (David Nutt, 1913; Holt, 1915).

| align = right

* ''[[North of Boston]]'' (David Nutt, 1914; Holt, 1914).

| salign = right

** '[[Mending Wall]]'

| source = Robert Frost

* ''[[Mountain Interval]]'' (Holt, 1916).

| quote = <poem>I'd like to get away from earth awhile

** '[[The Road Not Taken]]'

And then come back to it and begin over.

* ''[[Selected Poems (Robert Frost)|Selected Poems]]'' (Holt, 1923)

May no fate willfully misunderstand me

* ''[[New Hampshire (book)|New Hampshire]]'' (Holt, 1923; Grant Richards, 1924).

And half grant what I wish and snatch me away

* ''[[Several Short Poems]]'' (Holt, 1924).

Not to return. Earth's the right place for love:

* ''[[Selected Poems (Robert Frost)|Selected Poems]]'' (Holt, 1928).

I don't know where it's likely to go better.

* ''[[West-Running Brook]]'' (Holt, 1929).

I'd like to go by climbing a birch tree,

* ''[[The Lovely Shall Be Choosers]]'' (Random House, 1929).

And climb black branches up a snow-white trunk

* ''[[Collected Poems of Robert Frost]]'' (Holt, 1930; Longmans, Green, 1930).

Toward heaven, till the tree could bear no more,

* ''[[The Lone Striker]]'' (Knopf, 1933).

But dipped its top and set me down again.

* ''[[Selected Poems: Third Edition]]'' (Holt, 1934).

That would be good both going and coming back.

* ''[[Three Poems]]'' (Baker Library, [[Dartmouth College]], 1935).

One could do worse than be a swinger of birches.</poem>

* ''[[The Gold Hesperidee]]'' (Bibliophile Press, 1935).

}}

* ''[[From Snow to Snow]]'' (Holt, 1936).

* ''[[A Further Range]]'' (Holt, 1936; Cape, 1937).

In 2003, the critic Charles McGrath noted that critical views on Frost's poetry have changed over the years (as has his public image). In "The Vicissitudes of Literary Reputation," McGrath wrote, "Robert Frost&nbsp;... at the time of his death in 1963 was generally considered to be a New England folkie&nbsp;... In 1977, the third volume of Lawrance Thompson's biography suggested that Frost was a much nastier piece of work than anyone had imagined; a few years later, thanks to the reappraisal of critics like [[William H. Pritchard]] and Harold Bloom and of younger poets like [[Joseph Brodsky]], he bounced back again, this time as a bleak and unforgiving modernist."<ref>McGrath, Charles. "The Vicissitudes of Literary Reputation." ''The New York Times Magazine''. June 15, 2003.</ref>

* ''[[Collected Poems of Robert Frost]]'' (Holt, 1939; Longmans, Green, 1939)

* ''[[A Witness Tree]]'' (Holt, 1942; Cape, 1943).

In ''The Norton Anthology of Modern Poetry'', editors [[Richard Ellmann]] and Robert O'Clair compared and contrasted Frost's unique style to the work of the poet [[Edwin Arlington Robinson]] since they both frequently used New England settings for their poems. However, they state that Frost's poetry was "less [consciously] literary" and that this was possibly due to the influence of English and Irish writers like [[Thomas Hardy]] and [[W. B. Yeats]]. They note that Frost's poems "show a successful striving for utter colloquialism" and always try to remain down to earth, while at the same time using traditional forms, despite the trend of American poetry towards [[free verse]], which Frost famously said was "'like playing tennis without a net.'"<ref name="Ellman 1988.">Ellman, Richard and Robert O'Clair. ''The Norton Anthology of Modern Poetry'', Second Edition. New York: Norton, 1988.</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Faggen|first1=Robert|title=Editor|date=2001|publisher=Cambridge University Press|___location=Cambridge|edition=First}}</ref>

* ''[[Steeple Bush]]'' (Holt, 1947).

* ''[[Complete Poems of Robert Frost]]'', 1949 (Holt, 1949; Cape, 1951).

The [[Poetry Foundation]] makes the same point, placing Frost's work "at the crossroads of nineteenth-century American poetry [with regard to his use of traditional forms] and modernism [with his use of idiomatic language and ordinary, everyday subject matter]." They also note that Frost believed that "the self-imposed restrictions of meter in form" was more helpful than harmful because he could focus on the content of his poems instead of concerning himself with creating "innovative" new verse forms.<ref>{{cite web |title=Robert Frost |url=http://www.poetryfoundation.org/bio/robert-frost |date=March 21, 2018 |language=en-us |website=Poetry Foundation |access-date=August 4, 2022}}</ref>

* ''[[Hard Not To Be King]]'' (House of Books, 1951).

* ''[[Aforesaid]]'' (Holt, 1954).

An earlier study by the poet [[James Radcliffe Squires]] spoke to the distinction of Frost as a poet whose verse soars more for the difficulty and skill by which he attains his final visions, than for the philosophical purity of the visions themselves. "He has written at a time when the choice for the poet seemed to lie among the forms of despair: Science, solipsism, or the religion of the past century ... Frost has refused all of these and in the refusal has long seemed less dramatically committed than others ... But no, he must be seen as dramatically uncommitted to the single solution ... Insofar as Frost allows to both fact and intuition a bright kingdom, he speaks for many of us. Insofar as he speaks through an amalgam of senses and sure experience so that his poetry seems a nostalgic memory with overtones touching some conceivable future, he speaks better than most of us. That is to say, as a poet must."<ref>Squires, Radcliffe. ''The Major Themes of Robert Frost'', The University of Michigan Press, 1963, pp. 106–107.</ref>

* ''[[A Remembrance Collection of New Poems]]'' (Holt, 1959).

* ''[[You Come Too]]'' (Holt, 1959; Bodley Head, 1964)

The classicist [[Helen H. Bacon]] has proposed that Frost's deep knowledge of Greek and Roman [[classics]] influenced much of his work. Frost's education at Lawrence High School, Dartmouth, and Harvard "was based mainly on the classics". As examples, she links imagery and action in Frost's early poems "Birches" (1915) and "Wild Grapes" (1920) with [[Euripides]]' ''[[Bacchae]]''. She cites certain motifs, including that of the tree bent down to earth, as evidence of his "very attentive reading of ''Bacchae'', almost certainly in Greek". Bacon compares the poetic techniques used by Frost in "One More Brevity" (1953) to those of [[Virgil]] in the ''[[Aeneid]]''. She notes that "this sampling of the ways Frost drew on the literature and concepts of the Greek and Roman world at every stage of his life indicates how imbued with it he was".<ref>Bacon, Helen. "Frost and the Ancient Muses." The Cambridge Companion to Robert Frost. Cambridge University Press, 2001, pp. 75–99.</ref>

* ''[[In the Clearing]]'' (Holt Rinehart & Winston, 1962)

* ''[[The Poetry of Robert Frost]]'', (New York, 1969).

===Themes===

* [[Fire and Ice (poem)|'Fire and Ice']] (1964)

In ''Contemporary Literary Criticism'', the editors state that "Frost's best work explores fundamental questions of existence, depicting with chilling starkness the loneliness of the individual in an indifferent universe."<ref name="Stine 1983 110 129">''Contemporary Literary Criticism''. Ed. Jean C. Stine, Bridget Broderick, and Daniel G. Marowski. Vol. 26. Detroit: Gale Research, 1983, pp. 110–129.</ref> The critic T. K. Whipple focused on this bleakness in Frost's work, stating that "in much of his work, particularly in ''North of Boston'', his harshest book, he emphasizes the dark background of life in rural New England, with its degeneration often sinking into total madness."<ref name="Stine 1983 110 129"/>

* '[[Out Out]]' (Vermont 1964)

* ''[[A Girl's Garden]]''

In sharp contrast, the founding publisher and editor of ''[[Poetry (magazine)|Poetry]]'', [[Harriet Monroe]], emphasized the folksy New England persona and characters in Frost's work, writing that "perhaps no other poet in our history has put the best of the Yankee spirit into a book so completely."<ref name="Stine 1983 110 129"/> She notes his frequent use of rural settings and farm life, and she likes that in these poems, Frost is most interested in "showing the human reaction to nature's processes." She also notes that while Frost's narrative, character-based poems are often satirical, Frost always has a "sympathetic humor" towards his subjects.<ref name="Stine 1983 110 129"/>

* ''[[A Hundred Garden]]''

* ''[[A Servant to Servants]]''

===Influenced by=== <!-- from deprecated infobox parameter -->

* ''[[After Apple-Picking]]''

* ''[[BirchesRobert Graves]]''

* [[Rupert Brooke]]

* ''Blueberries''

* [[Thomas Hardy]]<ref name="Ellman 1988."/>

* ''[[Dust of Snow]]''

* [[W. B. Yeats|William Butler Yeats]]<ref name="Ellman 1988."/>

* ''[[For Once, Then Something]]''

* ''[[GoodJohn HoursKeats]]''

* [[Ralph Waldo Emerson]]<ref name="crawley">{{cite journal |last1=Crawley |first1=Mary |title=Troubled Thoughts about Freedom: Frost, Emerson, and National Identity |journal=The Robert Frost Review |date=Fall 2007 |volume=17 |issue=17 |pages=27–41 |jstor=24727384 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/24727384}}</ref>

* ''[[Good-bye, and Keep Cold]]''

* ''[[Home Burial]]''

===Influenced=== <!-- from deprecated infobox parameter -->

* ''[[Mending Wall]]''

* [[Robert Francis (poet)|Robert Francis]]

* ''[[Neither Out Far Nor in Deep]]''

* [[Seamus Heaney]]<ref name="www.learner.org series57"/>

* ''[[Nothing Gold Can Stay]]''

* [[Richard Wilbur]]<ref name="www.learner.org series57"/>

* ''[[Once By The Pacific]]''

* [[Edward Thomas (poet)|Edward Thomas]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poets/edward-thomas|title=Edward Thomas|first=Poetry|last=Foundation|date=March 16, 2019|website=Poetry Foundation}}</ref>

* ''[[Puttingin the Seed]]''

* [[James Wright (poet)|James Wright]]

* ''[[Range-Finding]]''

* ''[[Spring Pools]]''

==Awards and recognition==

* ''[[Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening]]''

Frost was nominated for the [[Nobel Prize in Literature]] 31 times.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nomination Archive |url=https://www.nobelprize.org/nomination/archive/show_people.php?id=3248 |access-date=April 27, 2024 |website=NobelPrize.org}}</ref>

* ''[[The Black Cottage]]''

* ''[[The Code]]''

[[Harvard University|Harvard]]'s 1965 alumni directory notes that Frost received an [[honorary degree]] there. Although he never graduated from college, Frost received over 40 honorary degrees, including from [[Princeton University|Princeton]], [[University of Oxford|Oxford]] and [[University of Cambridge|Cambridge]] universities, and became the only person to have received two honorary degrees from [[Dartmouth College]]. During his lifetime, the Robert Frost Middle School in [[Fairfax, Virginia|Fairfax]], Virginia, the Robert L. Frost School in [[Lawrence, Massachusetts|Lawrence]], Massachusetts, and the main library of [[Amherst College]] were named after him.

* ''[[The Death of the Hired Man]]''

* ''[[The Fear]]''

In 1960, Frost was awarded a United States [[Congressional Gold Medal]], "In recognition of his poetry, which has enriched the culture of the United States and the philosophy of the world";<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://artandhistory.house.gov/house_history/goldmedal.aspx|title=Office of the Clerk – U.S. House of Representatives, Congressional Gold Medal Recipients|access-date=October 5, 2012|archive-date=July 23, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110723055434/http://artandhistory.house.gov/house_history/goldMedal.aspx|url-status=dead}}</ref> it was formally bestowed on him by [[John F. Kennedy]] in March 1962.<ref name=Parini1999>{{cite book |last=Parini |first=Jay |author-link=Jay Parini |title=Robert Frost: A Life |url=https://archive.org/details/robertfrostlife00pari |url-access=registration |year=1999 |___location=New York |publisher=[[Henry Holt and Company]] |pages=[https://archive.org/details/robertfrostlife00pari/page/408 408], 424–425 |isbn=9780805063417}}</ref> Also in 1962, he was awarded the [[Edward MacDowell Medal]] for outstanding contribution to the arts by the [[MacDowell Colony]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.macdowellcolony.org/events-MedalDay.html |title=The MacDowell Colony – Medal Day |access-date=July 2, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161106114133/http://macdowellcolony.org/events-MedalDay.html |archive-date=November 6, 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

* ''[[The Generations of Men]]''

* ''[[The Housekeeper]]''

In June 1922, the Vermont State League of Women's Clubs elected Frost as Poet Laureate of Vermont. When a ''[[The New York Times|New York Times]]'' editorial strongly criticized the decision of the Women's Clubs, [[Sarah Cleghorn]] and other women wrote to the newspaper defending Frost.<ref name="Frost2007">{{cite book|author=Robert Frost|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=y3_GxPnBbI4C&pg=PA289|title=The Collected Prose of Robert Frost|publisher=Harvard University Press|year=2007|isbn=978-0-674-02463-2|page=289}}</ref> Frost was elected to the [[American Academy of Arts and Sciences]] in 1931 and the [[American Philosophical Society]] in 1937.<ref>{{Cite web |date=February 9, 2023 |title=Robert Lee Frost |url=https://www.amacad.org/person/robert-lee-frost |access-date=May 23, 2023 |website=American Academy of Arts & Sciences |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=APS Member History |url=https://search.amphilsoc.org/memhist/search?creator=Robert+Frost&title=&subject=&subdiv=&mem=&year=&year-max=&dead=&keyword=&smode=advanced |access-date=May 23, 2023 |website=search.amphilsoc.org |archive-date=August 28, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230828013224/https://search.amphilsoc.org/memhist/search?creator=Robert+Frost&title=&subject=&subdiv=&mem=&year=&year-max=&dead=&keyword=&smode=advanced |url-status=dead }}</ref> On July 22, 1961, Frost was named [[Poet Laureate]] of Vermont by the state legislature through Joint Resolution R-59 of the Acts of 1961, which also created the position.<ref name="TutenZubizarreta2001p249">{{cite book|author1=Nancy Lewis Tuten|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RjZuWeTJpAkC&pg=PA15|title=The Robert Frost Encyclopedia|author2=John Zubizarreta|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|year=2001|isbn=978-0-313-29464-8|page=15}}</ref><ref name="Fagan2009">{{cite book|author=Deirdre J. Fagan|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iA70iL5LnEIC&pg=PA249|title=Critical Companion to Robert Frost: A Literary Reference to His Life and Work|date=January 1, 2009|publisher=Infobase Publishing|isbn=978-1-4381-0854-4|page=249}}</ref><ref name="State1985">{{cite book|author=Vermont. Office of Secretary of State|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PWCHAAAAMAAJ|title=Vermont Legislative Directory and State Manual: Biennial session|year=1985|page=19|quote=Joint Resolution R-59 of the Acts of 1961 named Robert Lee Frost as Vermont's Poet Laureate. While not a native Vermonter, this eminent American poet resided here throughout much of his adult ...}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Y__vAAAAMAAJ|title=Vermont Legislative Directory and State Manual|publisher=Secretary of State|year=1989|page=20|quote=The position was created by Joint Resolution R-59 of the Acts of 1961, which designated Robert Frost state poet laureate.}}</ref> Frost won the 1963 [[Bollingen Prize]].

* ''[[The Mountain]]''

* ''[[The Oven Bird]]''

===Pulitzer Prizes===

* ''[[The Pasture]]''

* 1924 for ''[[New Hampshire (poetry collection)|New Hampshire: A Poem With Notes and Grace Notes]]''

* ''[[The Rose Family]]''

* 1931 for ''[[Collected Poems of Robert Frost (1930)|Collected Poems]]''

* ''[[The Self-seeker]]''

* 1937 for ''[[The Sound OfA TheFurther TreesRange]]''

* 1943 for ''[[TheA Witness Star-SplitterTree]]''

* ''[[The Tuft of Flowers]]''

==Legacy and cultural influence==

* ''[[The Wood-Pile]]''

[[File:RF Hall.JPG|thumb|upright=1.4|Robert Frost Hall at [[Southern New Hampshire University]]]]<!-- Some of the items listed below take from the particular poems' articles -->

* ''[[To E.T.]]''

* Robert Frost Hall is an academic building at [[Southern New Hampshire University]] in [[Manchester, New Hampshire]].<ref>{{cite web|title=History|url=http://www.snhu.edu/about-us/leadership-and-history/history|access-date=September 6, 2017|publisher=Southern New Hampshire University}}</ref>

* ''[[Desert Places]]''

* In the early morning of November 23, 1963, [[Westinghouse Broadcasting]]'s Sid Davis reported the arrival of President [[John F. Kennedy]]'s casket at the [[White House]]. Since Frost was one of the President's favorite poets, Davis concluded his report with a passage from "Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening", but was overcome with emotion as he signed off.<ref>{{cite web|title=My Brush with History - "We Heard the Shots …": Aboard the Press Bus in Dallas 40 Years Ago|url=http://www.med.navy.mil/sites/navmedmpte/courses/Documents/My_Brush_with_History.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120926223807/http://www.med.navy.mil/sites/navmedmpte/courses/Documents/My_Brush_with_History.pdf|archive-date=September 26, 2012|access-date=June 30, 2013|website=med.navy.mil}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Davis|first1=Sid|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Lqx868HQXpAC&q=%22Sid+Davis%22+kennedy&pg=PA173|title=President Kennedy Has Been Shot: Experience The Moment-to-Moment Account of The Four Days That Changed America|last2=Bennett|first2=Susan|last3=Trost|first3=Catherine ‘Cathy’|last4=Rather|first4=Daniel ‘Dan’ Irvin Jr|publisher=Sourcebooks|year=2004|isbn=1-4022-0317-9|edition=illustrated|series=Newseum|___location=Naperville, [[Illinois|IL]]|page=173|chapter=Return To The White House|access-date=December 10, 2011|via=Google Books}}{{Dead link|date=September 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

* [[Jawaharlal Nehru]] (1889–1964), the first Prime Minister of India, had kept a book of Robert Frost's close to him towards his later years, even at his bedside table as he lay dying.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.footwa.com/and-miles-to-go-before-i-sleep/2187/|title = And miles to go before I sleep|date = October 9, 2011}}</ref>

* The poem "Nothing Gold Can Stay" is featured in both the 1967 novel ''[[The Outsiders (novel)|The Outsiders]]'' by [[S. E. Hinton]] and the [[The Outsiders (film)|1983 film adaptation]], first recited aloud by the character Ponyboy to his friend Johnny. In a subsequent scene Johnny quotes a stanza from the poem back to Ponyboy by means of a letter which was read after he passes away.

* His poem "[[Fire and Ice (poem)|Fire and Ice]]" influenced the title and other aspects of [[George R. R. Martin]]'s fantasy series ''[[A Song of Ice and Fire]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.adriasnews.com/2012/10/george-r-r-martin-interview.html?spref=tw|title=George R.R. Martin: "Trying to please everyone is a horrible mistake"|website=www.adriasnews.com|access-date=March 22, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://interestingliterature.com/2014/05/06/five-fascinating-facts-about-game-of-thrones/|title=Five Fascinating Facts about Game of Thrones|date=May 6, 2014|work=Interesting Literature|access-date=March 22, 2018|language=en-US}}</ref>

* ''[[Nothing Gold Can Stay (album)|Nothing Gold Can Stay]]'' is the name of the debut [[studio album]] by American [[pop-punk]] band [[New Found Glory]], released on October 19, 1999.<ref>{{cite web|title=MUSIC {{!}} New Found Glory|url=http://www.newfoundglory.com/music/|access-date=August 3, 2016|website=www.newfoundglory.com|archive-date=July 29, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160729103841/http://www.newfoundglory.com/music/|url-status=dead}}</ref>

* At the funeral of former Canadian prime minister [[Pierre Trudeau]], on October 3, 2000, his eldest son [[Justin Trudeau|Justin]] rephrased the last stanza of the poem "Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening" in his eulogy: "The woods are lovely, dark and deep. He has kept his promises and earned his sleep."<ref>{{cite web|date=October 3, 2000|title=Justin Trudeau's eulogy|url=http://archives.cbc.ca/on_this_day/10/03/|access-date=December 10, 2011|work=On This Day|publisher=[[CBC Radio]]|___location=Toronto, [[Ontario]], Canada}}</ref>

* A ''[[Garfield]]'' comic strip published on October 20, 2002, originally featured the titular character reciting "Nothing Gold Can Stay".<ref name="mezzacotta">{{cite web|title=No. 2799: Original, Original Strip|url=https://www.mezzacotta.net/garfield/?comic=2799|access-date=November 26, 2019|website=mezzacotta}}</ref> However, this was replaced in book collections and online edition,<ref name="Garfield.com">{{cite web|title=Daily Comic Strip on October 20th, 2002|url=https://garfield.com/comic/2002/10/20|website=Garfield.com}}</ref> likely due to the poem being still under copyright when the comic ran (the poem has since lapsed into public ___domain, in 2019).<ref name="englewoodreview1">{{cite web|title=Robert Frost – 5 Poems from NEW HAMPSHIRE (Newly released to the Public Domain)|url=http://englewoodreview.org/robert-frost-5-poems-from-new-hampshire/5/|access-date=November 26, 2019|website=Englewood Review of Books|date=February 2019}}</ref>

* The poem "Fire and Ice" is the epigraph of [[Stephenie Meyer]]'s 2007 book, ''[[Eclipse (Meyer novel)|Eclipse]]'', of the [[Twilight (novel series)|''Twilight'' Saga]]. It is also read by [[Kristen Stewart]]'s character, [[Bella Swan]], at the beginning of the 2010 [[The Twilight Saga: Eclipse|''Eclipse'' film]].

* "Nothing Gold Can Stay" is referenced in [[First Aid Kit (band)|First Aid Kit's]] 2014 album ''[[Stay Gold (First Aid Kit album)|Stay Gold]]'': "But just as the moon it shall stray&nbsp;/ So dawn goes down today&nbsp;/ No gold can stay&nbsp;/ No gold can stay."<ref>{{cite web|author=Stephen M. Deusner|date=June 12, 2014|title=First Aid Kit: Stay Gold Album Review|url=http://pitchfork.com/reviews/albums/19342-first-aid-kit-stay-gold/|access-date=October 6, 2016|work=Pitchfork}}</ref>

* "Nothing Gold Can Stay" (February 4, 2015) is the title given to the tenth episode of the [[The Mentalist (season 7)|seventh season]] of ''[[The Mentalist]]'' in which a character is killed.

* The character of Baron Quinn recites "Fire and Ice" in an episode of AMC's ''[[Into the Badlands (TV series)|Into the Badlands]]''.

* Verses of "Fire and Ice" are referenced and recited throughout the 2017 episodic video game ''[[Life Is Strange: Before the Storm]]''.

* The line "Nothing gold can stay" is featured in the 2018 single "[[Venice Bitch]]" by American singer [[Lana Del Rey]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Lana Del Rey – Venice Bitch Lyrics &#124; Genius Lyrics|date=September 17, 2018 |url=https://genius.com/Lana-del-rey-venice-bitch-lyrics|access-date=December 29, 2019|publisher=Genius.com}}</ref> Del Rey also previously used this line in her 2015 single "[[Music to Watch Boys To]]".<ref>{{cite web|title=Lana Del Rey – Music To Watch Boys To Lyrics &#124; Genius Lyrics|url=https://genius.com/Lana-del-rey-music-to-watch-boys-to-lyrics|access-date=January 1, 2020|publisher=Genius.com}}</ref>

One of the original collections of Frost materials, which he personally helped compile, is held in the Special Collections department of the [[Jones Library]] in Amherst, Massachusetts. The collection consists of approximately twelve thousand items, including original manuscript poems and letters, correspondence, photographs, and audio and visual recordings.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.joneslibrary.org/specialcollections/collections/frost/frost_print.html#contact |title=Robert Frost Collection |publisher=Jones Library, Inc. website, Amherst, Massachusetts |access-date=March 28, 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090612052023/http://www.joneslibrary.org/specialcollections/collections/frost/frost_print.html#contact |archive-date=June 12, 2009 }}</ref> The Archives and Special Collections at Amherst College holds a small collection of his papers. The University of Michigan Library holds the Robert Frost Family Collection of manuscripts, photographs, printed items, and artwork.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/f/findaid/findaid-idx?c=sclead&idno=umich-scl-frostfamily | title=Robert Frost Family Collection 1923-1988 }}</ref> The most significant collection of Frost's working manuscripts is held by Dartmouth.

==Selected works==

[[File:The Road Not Taken - Robert Frost.png|alt="The Road Not Taken", as featured in Mountain Interval (1916)|thumb|282x282px|"The Road Not Taken", as featured in ''Mountain Interval'' (1916)]]

===Poetry bookscollections===

* 1913. ''[[A Boy's Will]]''. London: [[David Nutt (publisher)|David Nutt]] (New York: Holt, 1915)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bartleby.com/117/|title=Robert Frost. 1915. A Boy's Will|website=www.bartleby.com|access-date=March 22, 2018}}</ref>

* ''[[A Boy's Will]]'' (David Nutt, 1913; Holt, 1915).

* 1914. ''[[North of Boston]]''. London: David Nutt (New York: Holt, 1914)

** "[[After Apple-Picking]]"

** "[[The Death of the Hired Man]]"

** "[[Mending Wall]]"

* 1916. ''[[Mountain Interval]]''. New York: Holt

** "[[Birches (poem)|Birches]]"

** "[[Out, Out]]"

** "[[The Oven Bird]]"

** "[[The Road Not Taken]]"

* 1923. ''Selected Poems''. New York: Holt.

** "The Runaway"

** Also includes poems from first three volumes

* 1923. ''[[New Hampshire (poetry collection)|New Hampshire]]''. New York: Holt (London: [[Grant Richards (publisher)|Grant Richards]], 1924)

** "[[Fire and Ice (poem)|Fire and Ice]]"

** "[[Nothing Gold Can Stay (poem)|Nothing Gold Can Stay]]"

** "[[Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening]]"

* 1924. ''Several Short Poems''. New York: Holt<ref>{{Cite book|title=Several short poems.|first=Robert|last=Frost|date=March 16, 1924|publisher=Place of publication not identified|oclc = 1389446}}</ref>

* 1928. ''Selected Poems''. New York: Holt.

* 1928. ''[[West-Running Brook]]''. New York: Holt

** "[[Acquainted with the Night]]"

* 1929. ''The Lovely Shall Be Choosers,'' ''The Poetry Quartos'', printed and illustrated by [[Paul Johnston (fine press printer and book designer)|Paul Johnston]]. Random House.

* 1930. ''[[Collected Poems of Robert Frost]]''. New York: Holt (UK: [[Longmans Green]], 1930)

* 1933. ''The Lone Striker''. US: [[Alfred A. Knopf|Knopf]]

* 1934. ''Selected Poems: Third Edition''. New York: Holt

* 1935. ''Three Poems''. Hanover, NH: Baker Library, [[Dartmouth College]].

* 1935. ''The Gold Hesperidee''. Bibliophile Press.

* 1936. ''From Snow to Snow''. New York: Holt.

* 1936. ''[[A Further Range]]''. New York: Holt (Cape, 1937)

* 1939. ''Collected Poems of Robert Frost''. New York: Holt (UK: Longmans, Green, 1939)

* 1942. ''[[A Witness Tree]]''. New York: Holt (Cape, 1943)

** "[[The Gift Outright]]"

** "[[A Question (poem)|A Question]]"

** "[[Poetry analysis#"The Silken Tent" by Robert Frost|The Silken Tent]]"

* 1943. ''Come In, and Other Poems''. New York: Holt.

* 1947. ''Steeple Bush''. New York: Holt

* 1949. ''Complete Poems of Robert Frost''. New York: Holt (Cape, 1951)

* 1951. ''Hard Not To Be King''. House of Books.

* 1954. ''Aforesaid''. New York: Holt.

* 1959. ''A Remembrance Collection of New Poems''. New York: Holt.

* 1959. ''You Come Too''. New York: Holt (UK: [[The Bodley Head|Bodley Head]], 1964)

* 1962. ''[[In the Clearing]]''. New York: [[Holt Rinehart & Winston]]

* 1969. ''The Poetry of Robert Frost''. New York: Holt Rinehart & Winston.

===Plays===

* 1929. ''A Way Out: A One Act Play'' (Harbor Press, 1929).

* 1929. ''The Cow’sCow's in the Corn: A One Act Irish Play in Rhyme'' (Slide Mountain Press, 1929).

* 1945. ''[[A Masque of Reason]]'' (Holt, 1945).

* 1947. ''A Masque of Mercy'' (Holt, 1947).

===Prose Letters ===

* 1963. ''The Letters of Robert Frost to Louis Untermeyer'' (Holt, Rinehart & Winston, 1963; Cape, 1964).

* 1963. ''Robert Frost and John Bartlett: The Record of a Friendship'', by [[The Author & Journalist|Margaret Bartlett Anderson]] (Holt, Rinehart & Winston, 1963).

* 1964. ''Selected Letters of Robert Frost'' (Holt, Rinehart & Winston, 1964).

* 1972. ''InterviewsFamily withLetters of Robert and Elinor Frost'' (Holt, RinehartState &University Winston,of 1966;New Cape,York 1967Press).

* 1981. ''FamilyRobert LettersFrost ofand RobertSidney andCox: ElinorForty FrostYears of Friendship'' (State University Press of New York Press, 1972England).

* 2014. ''The Letters of Robert Frost, Volume 1, 1886–1920'', edited by Donald Sheehy, Mark Richardson, and Robert Faggen. [[Belknap Press]]. {{ISBN|978-0674057609}}. (811 pages; first volume, of five, of the scholarly edition of the poet's correspondence, including many previously unpublished letters.)

* ''Robert Frost and Sidney Cox: Forty Years of Friendship'' (University Press of New England, 1981).

* 2016. ''The Letters of Robert Frost, Volume 2, 1920–1928'', edited by Donald Sheehy, Mark Richardson, [[Robert Bernard Hass]], and Henry Atmore. Belknap Press. {{ISBN|978-0674726642}}. (848 pages; second volume of the series.)

* ''The Notebooks of Robert Frost'', edited by Robert Faggen (Harvard University Press, forthcoming January 2007).[http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog/FRONOT.html]

* 2021. ''The Letters of Robert Frost, Volume 3, 1929–1936'', edited by Mark Richardson, Donald Sheehy, Robert Bernard Hass, and Henry Atmore. Belknap Press. {{ISBN|978-0674726659}}. (848 pages; third volume of the series.)

== Published as =Other===

* 1957. ''CollectedRobert Poems,Frost ProseReads andHis PlaysPoetry''. ([[RichardCaedmon PoirierRecords]] , edTC1060.) ([[Libraryspoken of Americaword]], 1995) ISBN 978-1-88301106-2.

* 1966. ''Interviews with Robert Frost'' (Holt, Rinehart & Winston; Cape, 1967).

* 1995. ''Collected Poems, Prose and Plays'', edited by [[Richard Poirier]]. [[Library of America]]. {{ISBN|978-1-883011-06-2}}. ([[Omnibus edition|omnibus]] volume.)

* 2007. ''The Notebooks of Robert Frost'', edited by Robert Faggen. [[Harvard University Press]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.hup.harvard.edu/browse.php|title=Browse Subjects, Series, and Libraries &#124; Harvard University Press|website=www.hup.harvard.edu|access-date=March 16, 2019|archive-date=March 15, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190315072322/http://www.hup.harvard.edu/browse.php|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==PulitzerSee Prizesalso==

{{Portal|Biography|Poetry}}

*1924 for ''New Hampshire: A Poem With Notes and Grace Notes''

* [[List of poems by Robert Frost]]

*1931 for ''Collected Poems''

*1937 for ''A Further Range[[Frostiana]]''

* [[List of New Hampshire historical markers (126–150)#126|New Hampshire Historical Marker No. 126]]: Robert Frost 1874–1963

*1943 for ''A Witness Tree'' <ref>http://www.pulitzer.org/cgi-bin/catquery.cgi?type=w&category=Poetry&FormsButton5=Retrieve</ref>

==Sources Citations ==

{{reflist}}

{{cite web | author=Pritchard, William H.| year=2000| title=Frost's Life and Career | format=http || url=http://www.english.uiuc.edu/maps/poets/a_f/frost/life.htm | accessdate=March 18 | accessyear=2001}}

== General sources ==

==Notes==

* {{cite web| author=Pritchard, William H.| year=2000| title=Frost's Life and Career| url=http://www.english.uiuc.edu/maps/poets/a_f/frost/life.htm| access-date=March 18, 2001| archive-date=December 16, 2008| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081216111024/http://www.english.uiuc.edu/maps/poets/a_f/frost/life.htm| url-status=dead}}

<references/>

* {{cite book |last=Taylor |first=Welford Dunaway |title=Robert Frost and J. J. Lankes: Riders on Pegasus |___location=Hanover, New Hampshire |publisher=Dartmouth College Library |year=1996 |oclc=1036107807 }}

* "Vandalized Frost house drew a crowd". ''[[Burlington Free Press]]'', January 8, 2008.

* Robert Frost (1995). ''Collected Poems, Prose, & Plays''. Edited by Richard Poirier and Mark Richardson. Library of America. {{ISBN|1-883011-06-X}} (trade paperback).

* [http://www.ketzle.com/frost/frostbio.htm Robert Frost Biographical Information]

==External links==

{{commons|Robert Frost|Robert Frost}}

{{wikiquote}}

{{wikisource|works=or}}

{{Wikisource author}}

* [http://www.vqronlinepoets.org/articlespoet.php/2006/fall/maxwell-dead-side-trackprmPID/192 Robert Frost's: lostProfile, poemPoems, "War ThoughtsEssays] at Home" in The Virginia Quarterly Review]Poets.org

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20100805001609/http://www.poetryfoundation.org/archive/poet.html?id=2361 Robert Frost, profile and poems] at the Poetry Foundation

* [http://www.frostplace.org/ The Frost Place, a museum and poetry conference center in Franconia, N.H.]

* [https://www.modernamericanpoetry.org/poet/robert-frost Profile] ({{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220702143419/https://www.modernamericanpoetry.org/poet/robert-frost |date=July 2, 2022 }}) at Modern American Poetry

* [http://www.poetryfoundation.org/archive/poet.html?id=2361 Poems by Robert Frost at PoetryFoundation.org]

* {{cite journal| url=http://www.theparisreview.org/interviews/4678/the-art-of-poetry-no-2-robert-frost| journal= The Paris Review| title=Robert Frost, The Art of Poetry No. 2| author= Richard Poirier| date=Summer–Fall 1960 | volume= Summer-Fall 1960| issue= 24}}

* [http://www.english.uiuc.edu/maps/poets/a_f/frost/frost.htm Frost] at Modern American Poetry

* [https://archivesspace.amherst.edu/repositories/2/resources/179 Robert Frost Collection] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111028162544/http://asteria.fivecolleges.edu/findaids/amherst/ma181_main.html |date=October 28, 2011 }} and L [https://archivesspace.amherst.edu/repositories/2/resources/259 awrence H. Conrad Collection of Vachel Lindsay and Robert Frost Material in Archives and Special Collections], Amherst College, Amherst, MA

* [http://www.theparisreview.org/viewinterview.php/prmMID/4678 Frost's interview in The Paris Review]

* [http://midddigital.middlebury.edu/local_files/robert_frost/index.html Robert Frost at Bread Loaf (Middlebury College)]. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060508122448/http://midddigital.middlebury.edu/local_files/robert_frost/index.html |date=May 8, 2006 }}.

* [http://www.frostfoundationrobertfrostfarm.org TheRobert Frost FoundationFarm in Derry, NH]

* [http://www.frostplace.org/ The Frost Place] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120614031002/http://www.frostplace.org/ |date=June 14, 2012 }} – a museum and poetry conference center in Franconia, N.H.

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20081016003540/http://oyc.yale.edu/english/modern-poetry/content/sessions/lecture02.html Yale College Lecture on Robert Frost] – audio, video and full transcripts of Open Yale Courses

* [http://books.guardian.co.uk/news/articles/0,,1883689,00.html Student finds Frost poem lost for 88 years]

* [http://www.shapell.org/manuscript/robert-frost-and-zionism-visits-western-wall-israel Robert Frost Declares Himself a "Balfour Israelite" and Discusses His Trip to the Western Wall]

*[http://robertfrostfarm.org Robert Frost Farm in Derry, NH]

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20200806173110/https://exchange.umma.umich.edu/resources/11287 Drawing of Robert Frost by Wilfred Byron Shaw] at [[University of Michigan Museum of Art]]

*[http://robertfrostoutloud.com/ Robert Frost Out Loud: audio recordings and commentary on many Frost poems]

===Libraries===

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090612052023/http://www.joneslibrary.org/specialcollections/collections/frost/frost_print.html#contact Robert Frost Collection] in Special Collections, Jones Library, Amherst, MA

* [https://archives.lib.umd.edu/repositories/2/resources/144 Robert Frost book collection] and [https://archives.lib.umd.edu/repositories/2/resources/105 Robert Frost papers] at the [[University of Maryland Libraries]]

* [http://digital.lib.buffalo.edu/collection/LIB-PC006/ The Victor E. Reichert Robert Frost Collection] from the [[University at Buffalo Libraries]] Poetry Collection

* [https://archives-manuscripts.dartmouth.edu/repositories/2/resources/2234 Robert Frost Collection] at Dartmouth College Library

===Electronic editions===

* {{StandardEbooks|Standard Ebooks URL=https://standardebooks.org/ebooks/robert-frost}}

* {{Gutenberg author | id=1091| name=Robert Frost}}

* {{FadedPage|id=Frost, Robert (Robert Lee)|name=Robert Frost|author=yes}}

* {{Internet Archive author |sname=Robert Lee Frost}}

* [http://town.hall.org/radio/HarperAudio/012294_harp_ITH.html Robert Frost reading his poems at Harper Audio (recordings from 1956)]

* {{Librivox author |id=338}}

{{Robert Frost}}

{{LOC Poets Laureate}}

{{PulitzerPrize PoetryAuthors 1922–1950}}

{{VT Poets Laureate|state=autocollapse}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Frost, Robert}}

[[Category:AmericanRobert Frost| poets]]

[[Category:American1874 Poets Laureatebirths]]

[[Category:English-language1963 poetsdeaths]]

[[Category:Pulitzer19th-century PrizeAmerican for Poetry winnerspoets]]

[[Category:20th-century American poets]]

[[Category:American poets laureate]]

[[Category:American male poets]]

[[Category:American people of English descent]]

[[Category:American people of Scottish descent]]

[[Category:Amherst College faculty]]

[[Category:Bollingen Prize recipients]]

[[Category:Congressional Gold Medal recipients]]

[[Category:Vermont culture]]

[[Category:Dartmouth College alumni]]

[[Category:PeopleFormalist from New Hampshirepoets]]

[[Category:Bennington,Harvard VermontUniversity alumni]]

[[Category:Scottish-AmericansMiddlebury College faculty]]

[[Category:People from Bennington, Vermont]]

[[Category:People from Derry, New Hampshire]]

[[Category:People from Franconia, New Hampshire]]

[[Category:Writers from Lawrence, Massachusetts]]

[[Category:Phillips family (New England)]]

[[Category:Plymouth State University people]]

[[Category:Poets laureate of Vermont]]

[[Category:Poets from California]]

[[Category:Poets from Massachusetts]]

[[Category:Poets from New Hampshire]]

[[Category:Poets from Vermont]]

[[Category:Pulitzer Prize for Poetry winners]]

[[Category:Sonneteers]]

[[Category:1874University birthsof Michigan faculty]]

[[Category:1963Writers deathsfrom San Francisco]]

[[Category:American inaugural poets]]

[[Category:20th-century American male writers]]

[[de:Robert Frost]]

[[Category:Members of the American Academy of Arts and Letters]]

[[el:Ρόμπερτ Φροστ]]

[[Category:Members of the American Philosophical Society]]

[[es:Robert Frost]]

[[fr:Robert Frost]]

[[it:Robert Frost]]

[[he:רוברט פרוסט]]

[[nl:Robert Frost]]

[[no:Robert Frost]]

[[pl:Robert Frost]]

[[pt:Robert Frost]]

[[ro:Robert Frost]]

[[ru:Фрост, Роберт]]

[[sr:Роберт Фрост]]

[[sv:Robert Frost]]

[[tl:Robert Frost]]

[[ta:றொபேட் ஃவ்றொஸ்ற்]]

[[tr:Robert Frost]]

[[zh:羅伯特·佛洛斯特]]