Progress and Development: Difference between revisions

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{{Politics of Israel}}

{{Infobox political party

| name = Progress and Development

| native_name = {{Script/Hebrew|'''קידמה ופיתוח'''}} <br /> تقدم وتطور

| founded = 1959

| dissolved = 8 March 1977

| split = {{nowrap|[[Cooperation and Development]] (1967)}}<br />[[Alignment (political party)|Alignment]] (1976)

| merged = [[Cooperation and Development]] (1966)<br />[[Alignment (political party)|Alignment]] (1974)<br />[[United Arab List (1977)|United Arab List]] (1977)

| ideology = [[Israeli Arab]] interests

| national = [[Mapai]]

| seats1_title = Most MKs

| seats1 = 2 (1959–66, 1967–68, 1969–77)

| seats2_title = {{nowrap|Fewest MKs}}

| seats2 = 1 (1968–1969)

| symbol = {{Script/Hebrew|רא}}

| country = Israel

}}

'''Progress and Development''' ([[Hebrew language{{langx|he|Hebrew]]: קידמה ופיתוח}}, ''Kidma ve-PituakhVePituah''; {{langx|ar|تقدم وتطور}}) was aan [[ListArab of political parties in Israel|politicalsatellite partylist]] in [[Israel]].

== History ==

Progress and Development was established in 1959,<ref>[http://en.idi.org.il/tools-and-data/israeli-elections-and-parties/political-parties/progress-and-development/ Progress and Development] Israel Democracy Institute</ref> drawing its support from the [[Galilee]] area.<ref>{{cite book |author=Ervin Birnbaum |year=1970 |title=The Politics of Compromise: State and Religion in Israel |publisher=Fairleigh Dickinson University Press |page=[https://archive.org/details/politicsofcompro0000birn/page/59 59] |isbn=978-0838675670 |url=https://archive.org/details/politicsofcompro0000birn/page/59 }}</ref> Like other Israeli Arab parties at the time, it was associated with [[David Ben-Gurion]]'s [[Mapai]] party, as Ben-Gurion was keen to include Israeli Arabs in the functioning of the state in order to prove [[Jew]]s and [[Arab]]s could co-exist peacefully and productively.

ProgressIn and Development was anthe [[Israeli1959 Arab]] organisation formed to fight the [[Israeli legislative election, 1959|1959 elections]]., the Likeparty otherwon Israeli1.3% Arabof partiesthe atvotes theand timetwo seats, making it wasthe associatedmost withpopular [[DavidIsraeli BenArab Gurion]]'sparty in the [[MapaiKnesset]]. party,Its asseats Benwere Guriontaken wasby keen[[Ahmed toA-Dahar]] includeand Israeli[[Elias ArabsNakhleh]]. in the functioningBecause of theits stateassociation in order to provewith [[Jew|JewsMapai]], andthe [[Arab|Arabs]]party couldjoined co-existthe peacefully andgoverning productivelycoalition.

In the [[1961 Israeli legislative election|1961 elections,]] the party wonincreased 1.3%its share of the votesvote andto two seats1.6%, makingthough it was overtaken as the most popular Israeli Arab party in theby [[KnessetCooperation and Brotherhood]], who won 1.9% of Itsthe seatsvote. wereDespite takenits byincreased [[Ahmedvote, the party still won only two seats, retained by A-Dahar]] and [[EliasNakhleh, Nahale]].and was Becauseagain part of itsall associationthree withcoalition [[Mapai]],governments the party joinedduring the governingfifth coalitionKnesset.

In the [[1965 Israeli legislative election, 1965|1965 elections]] the party increased its share of the vote again, to 1.9%, overtaking ParticpationCooperation and Brotherhood to regain its place as the most popular Israeli Arab party. It joined [[Levi Eshkol]]'s coalition government, and A-Dahar was replaced by [[Seif-El-Din El-Zubi]], previously an MK for the [[Democratic List of Nazareth]] (in the [[1949 Israeli legislative election, 1949|first Knesset]]) and the [[Democratic List for Israeli Arabs]] (in the [[1951 Israeli legislative election, 1951|second]] and [[1955 Israeli legislative election, 1955|third Knessets]]). During the Knesset session the party briefly merged with Cooperation and Brotherhood to form [[ParticipationCooperation and Development]], though the union split up soon after its formation. In TowardsOctober the1968 end of the session NahaleNakhleh broke away from the party to form the [[Jewish-ArabJewish–Arab Brotherhood]],<ref>[https://www.knesset.gov.il/faction/eng/FactionHistoryAll_eng.asp Mergers and Splits Among Parliamentary Groups] Knesset website</ref> though he was elected to the next Knesset as a member of Cooperation and Brotherhood.

In the [[Israeli legislative election, 1961|1961 elections]] the party increased its share of the vote to 1.6%, though it was overtaken as the most popular Israeli Arab party by [[Cooperation and Brotherhood]], who won 1.9% of the vote. Despite its increased vote, the party still won only two seats, retained by A-Dahar and Nahale, and was again part of all three coalition governments during the fifth Knesset.

The [[1969 Israeli legislative election|1969 elections]] saw a further increase in popularity to 2.1% of the vote, though it still won only two seats. [[Jabr Muadi]] (a former Democratic List for Israeli Arabs MK who had broken away from Cooperation and Brotherhood to form the [[Druze Party]] after Cooperation and Development had broken up, effectively swapping parties with Nahale) took the second seat, and the party was included in [[Golda Meir]]'s coalition government. Muadi was appointed Deputy Minister of Communications in October 1971, making him only the second Israeli Arab to join the [[cabinet of Israel|cabinet]].

In the [[Israeli legislative election, 1965|1965 elections]] the party increased its share of the vote again, to 1.9%, overtaking Particpation and Brotherhood to regain its place as the most popular Israeli Arab party. It joined [[Levi Eshkol]]'s coalition government, and A-Dahar was replaced by [[Seif-El-Din El-Zubi]], previously an MK for the [[Democratic List of Nazareth]] (in the [[Israeli legislative election, 1949|first Knesset]]) and the [[Democratic List for Israeli Arabs]] (in the [[Israeli legislative election, 1951|second]] and [[Israeli legislative election, 1955|third Knessets]]). During the Knesset session the party briefly merged with Cooperation and Brotherhood to form [[Participation and Development]], though the union split up soon after its formation. Towards the end of the session Nahale broke away from the party to form the [[Jewish-Arab Brotherhood]], though he was elected to the next Knesset as a member of Cooperation and Brotherhood.

TheIn the [[1973 Israeli legislative election, 1969|19691973 elections]] sawthe aparty furtherwon increaseonly in popularity to 21.14% of the vote, though it stillretained won onlyits two seats. [[JabrAlthough Moade]]it (awas formerexcluded Democraticfrom ListGolda forMeir's Israeligovernment Arabsdespite MKstill whobeing hadaligned brokenwith awaythe from[[Labor CooperationParty and(Israel)|Labour BrotherhoodParty]], toafter formshe theresigned and [[DruzeYitzhak PartyRabin]] afterformed Particpationthe and[[Seventeenth Developmentgovernment hadof brokenIsrael|17th upgovernment]], effectivelythe swappingparty partieswas withinvited Nahale)back tookinto the secondgoverning seat,coalition and theMuadi partyregained washis includeddeputy inministerial [[Golda Meir]]'s coalition governmentposition.

During the Knesset session the party briefly became part of the [[Alignment (political party)|Alignment]] before merging with the [[Arab List for Bedouins and Villagers]] to form the [[United Arab List (1977)|United Arab List]].<ref>[https://www.knesset.gov.il/faction/eng/FactionPage_eng.asp?PG=63 Kidma Vepituah] Knesset website</ref>

In the [[Israeli legislative election, 1973|1973 elections]] the party won only 1.4% of the vote, though it retained its two seats. Although they were excluded from Golda Meir's government despite still being aligned with the [[Labour (Israel)|Labour Party]], after she resigned and [[Yitzhak Rabin]] formed the 17th government, the party was invited back into the governing coalition.

==References==

During the Knesset session the party briefly became part of the [[Alignment (political party)|Alignment]] before merging with the [[Arab List for Bedouins and Villagers]] to form the [[United Arab List]].

{{reflist}}

== External links ==

* [httphttps://www.knesset.gov.il/faction/eng/FactionPage_eng.asp?PG=63 Party history on the official] Knesset website (in English)]

{{Israeli political parties}}

[[Category: Defunct political parties in Israel]]

[[Category:Arab political parties in Israel]]

[[Category:Political parties established in 1959]]

[[Category:Political parties disestablished in 1977]]