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{{Short description|None}}
[[File:Venezuela (orthographic projection).svg|thumb|Location of [[Venezuela]]]]
[[Venezuela]] is a [[federal republic]] located on the northern coast of [[South America]]. Oil was discovered in the early 20th century and, today, Venezuela has the world's [[List of countries by proven oil reserves|largest known oil reserves]] and has been one of the world's leading [[oil exporter|exporters of oil]]. Previously an underdeveloped exporter of agricultural commodities such as [[coffee]] and [[cocoa bean|cocoa]], oil quickly came to dominate exports and government revenues. The [[1980s oil glut]] led to an [[Latin American debt crisis|external debt crisis]] and a long-running economic crisis. [[Inflation]] peaked at [[Economy of Venezuela#1960s–1990s|100% in 1996]]. As (by 1998) [[per capita]] [[GDP]] fell to the same level as 1963, down a third from its 1978 peak.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Kelly|first1=Janet|last2=Palma|first2=Perdo A.|editor-last1=McCoy |editor-first1=Jennifer L.|editor-last2=Myers|editor-first2=David J. |title=The Unraveling of Representative Democracy in Venezuela|year=2006|publisher=[[Johns Hopkins University Press]]|chapter=Chapter 10: The Syndrome of Economic Decline and the Quest for Change |isbn=0-8018-8428-4|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rtJVhJZF6WgC}}</ref> The recovery of [[Price of petroleum|oil prices]] in the early 2000s gave Venezuela oil funds not seen since the 1980s.<ref>{{cite book|last=Heritage|first=Andrew|title=Financial Times World Desk Reference|date=December 2002|publisher=[[Dorling Kindersley]]|isbn=978-0-7894-8805-3}}</ref> A destabilized economy led to a [[crisis in Bolivarian Venezuela]], resulting in [[hyperinflation]], an [[economic depression]], [[Shortages in Venezuela|shortages of basic goods]] and drastic increases in poverty, disease, child mortality, [[malnutrition]], and crime.<ref name="ELPAISfeb2015">{{cite news |last1=Scharfenberg |first1=Ewald |title=Volver a ser pobre en Venezuela |url=http://internacional.elpais.com/internacional/2015/01/30/actualidad/1422646346_475356.html |accessdate=3 February 2015 |agency=El Pais |date=1 February 2015}}</ref><ref name="NYThyperinflation">{{cite news|last1=Herrero|first1=Ana Vanessa|last2=Malkin|first2=Elisabeth|title=Venezuela Issues New Bank Notes Because of Hyperinflation|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/16/world/americas/nuevos-billetes-venezuela-new-banknotes.html?_r=0|accessdate=17 January 2017|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=16 January 2017}}</ref>
== Notable firms ==
This list includes notable [[company|companies]] with primary [[headquarters]] located in the country. The industry and sector follow the [[Industry Classification Benchmark]] taxonomy. Organizations which have ceased operations are included and noted as defunct.
{{Company-list table start}}
{{Company-list table entry
| Consumer services
| Specialized consumer services
| [[Caracas]]
| 1951
| Car rentals
}}
{{Company-list table entry
| [[Aero Ejecutivos]]
| Consumer services
| Airlines
| 2005
| Airline
}}
{{Company-list table entry
| [[Aeroexpresos Ejecutivos, C.A.]]
| Consumer services
| Airlines
| [[Caracas]]
| 1990
| Passenger and cargo airline
}}
{{Company-list table entry
| [[Aeropostal Alas de Venezuela]]
| Consumer services
| Airlines
| [[Caracas]]
| 1929
| State airline, defunct 2017
| defunct=y
}}
{{Company-list table entry
| [[Agencia Venezolana de Noticias]]
| Consumer services
| Broadcasting & entertainment
| [[Caracas]]
| 1977
| National news agency
| state=y
}}
{{Company-list table entry
| [[Alcasa]]
| Basic materials
| Aluminum
| [[Ciudad Guayana]]
| 1960
| Aluminium
| state=y
}}
{{Company-list table entry
| [[Alimentos La Giralda]]
| Consumer goods
| Food products
| [[Caracas]]
| 1944
| Food import, part of [[Fierro Group]] (Spain)
}}
{{Company-list table entry
| [[Alimentos Polar]]
| Consumer goods
| Food & beverage
| [[Caracas]]
| 1954
| Production and distribution, part of [[Empresas Polar]]
}}
{{Company-list table entry
| [[Asamblea Nacional Televisión]]
| Consumer services
| Broadcasting & entertainment
| [[Caracas]]
| 2005
| State broadcaster
| state=y
}}
{{Company-list table entry
| [[Aserca Airlines]]
| Consumer services
| Airlines
| [[Valencia, Carabobo|Valencia]]
| 1968
| Scheduled airline
}}
{{Company-list table entry
| [[Avensa]]
| Consumer services
| Airlines
| [[Caracas]]
| 1943
| Airline, defunct 2004
| defunct=y
}}
{{Company-list table entry
| [[Avila TV]]
| Consumer services
| Broadcasting & entertainment
| [[Caracas]]
| 2006
| State television
| state=y
}}
{{Company-list table entry
| [[Avior Airlines]]
| Consumer services
| Airlines
| [[Barcelona, Venezuela|Barcelona]]
| 1994
| Airline
}}
{{Company-list table entry
| [[Avior Regional]]
| Consumer services
| Airlines
| [[Caracas]]
| 2015
| Regional airline, part of [[Avior Airlines]]
}}
{{Company-list table entry
| [[Bancaribe]]
| Financials
| Banks
| [[Caracas]]
| 1954
| Bank
}}
{{Company-list table entry
| [[Banco Bicentenario]]
| Financials
| Banks
| [[Caracas]]
| 2009
| Bank
| state=y
}}
{{Company-list table entry
| [[Banco de Venezuela]]
| Financials
| Banks
| [[Caracas]]
| 1890
| Bank
| state=y
}}
{{Company-list table entry
| [[Banco Federal]]
| Financials
| Banks
| [[Caracas]]
| 1982
| Bank, defunct 2010
| defunct=y
}}
{{Company-list table entry
| [[Banco Industrial de Venezuela]]
| Financials
| Banks
| [[Caracas]]
| 1937
| Bank, defunct 2009
| defunct=y
}}
{{Company-list table entry
| [[Banco Nacional de Crédito]] (BNC)
| Financials
| Banks
| [[Caracas]]
| 1977
| Bank
}}
{{Company-list table entry
| [[Banco Occidental de Descuento]] (BOD)
| Financials
| Banks
| [[Maracaibo]]
| 1957
| Bank, defunct 2022
| defunct=y
}}
{{Company-list table entry
| [[Banco Venezolano de Crédito]]
| Financials
| Banks
| [[Caracas]]
| 1925
| Bank
}}
{{Company-list table entry
| [[BANDES]]
| Financials
| Banks
| [[Caracas]]
| 2001
| Lending bank
}}
{{Company-list table entry
| [[Banesco]]
| Financials
| Banks
| [[Caracas]]
| 1992
| Bank
}}
{{Company-list table entry
| [[BBVA Provincial]]
| Financials
| Banks
| [[Caracas]]
| 1953
| Part of [[Banco Bilbao Vizcaya Argentaria]] (Spain)
}}
{{Company-list table entry
| [[Biblioteca Ayacucho]]
| Consumer services
| Publishing
| [[Caracas]]
| 1974
| Publisher
| state=y
}}
{{Company-list table entry
| [[Bodegas Pomar, C.A.]]
| Consumer goods
| Distillers & vintners
| [[Barquisimeto]]
| 1985
| Wine
}}
{{Company-list table entry
| [[Bolívar Films]]
| Consumer services
| Broadcasting & entertainment
| [[Caracas]]
| 1939
| Film
}}
{{Company-list table entry
| [[Bolívar TV]]
| Consumer services
| Broadcasting & entertainment
| [[Aroa, Venezuela|Aroa]]
| 2004
| Community broadcaster
}}
{{Company-list table entry
| [[Buena Televisión]]
| Consumer services
| Broadcasting & entertainment
| [[Táchira]]
| 2006
| State broadcaster
| state=y
}}
{{Company-list table entry
| [[Calipso TV]]
| Consumer services
| Broadcasting & entertainment
| [[Ciudad Guayana]]
| 2003
| Television
}}
{{Company-list table entry
| [[Camunare Rojo TV]]
| Consumer services
| Broadcasting & entertainment
| [[Yaracuy]]
| 2003
| Television
}}
{{Company-list table entry
| [[Canal Maximo Televisión]]
| Consumer services
| Broadcasting & entertainment
| [[Caracas]]
| 1993
| Defunct 2006
| defunct=y
}}
{{Company-list table entry
| [[CANTV]]
| Telecommunications
| Fixed line telecommunications
| [[Caracas]]
| 1930
| State telecom
| state=y
}}
{{Company-list table entry
| [[Catia TVe]]
| Consumer services
| Broadcasting & entertainment
| [[Caracas]]
| 2001
| Local television
}}
{{Company-list table entry
| [[Cervecería Polar]]
| Consumer goods
| Brewer
| [[Caracas]]
| 1941
| Brewery, part of [[Empresas Polar]]
}}
{{Company-list table entry
| [[Chocolates El Rey]]
| Consumer goods
| Food products
| [[Caracas]]
| 1929
| Confectionery
}}
{{Company-list table entry
| [[Contacto Vecinal TV]]
| Consumer services
| Broadcasting & entertainment
| [[José Félix Ribas Municipality, Aragua|José Félix Ribas]]
| 2005
| Community television
}}
{{Company-list table entry
| [[Cinex]]
| Consumer services
| Recreational services
| [[Caracas]]
| 1998
| Theaters
}}
{{Company-list table entry
| [[Conviasa]]
| Consumer services
| Airlines
| [[Maiquetía]]
| 2004
| Airline
| state=y
}}
{{Company-list table entry
| [[Coro TV]]
| Consumer services
| Broadcasting & entertainment
| [[Coro, Venezuela|Coro]]
| 2004
| Local television
}}
{{Company-list table entry
| [[Corpoelec]]
| Utilities
| Electricity
| [[Caracas]]
| 2007
| Power utility
| state=y
}}
{{Company-list table entry
| [[Corporación Venezolana de Guayana]] (CVG)
| Basic materials
| Aluminum
| [[Ciudad Guayana]]
| 1960
| Mining and aluminum
| state=y
}}
{{Company-list table entry
| [[Digitel GSM]]
| Telecommunications
| Mobile telecommunications
| [[Caracas]]
| 1995
| Mobile network
}}
{{Company-list table entry
| [[Ediciones Ekare]]
| Consumer services
| Publishing
| [[Caracas]]
| 1978
| Children's publisher
}}
{{Company-list table entry
| ''[[El Nacional (Caracas)|El Nacional]]''
| Consumer services
| Publishing
| [[Caracas]]
| 1943
| Daily newspapers
}}
{{Company-list table entry
| ''[[El Universal (Caracas)|El Universal]]''
| Consumer services
| Publishing
| [[Caracas]]
| 1909
| Daily newspaper
}}
{{Company-list table entry
| [[Electricidad de Caracas]] (EDC)
| Utilities
| Electricity
| [[Caracas]]
| 1895
| Power utility, defunct 2007
| defunct=y
}}
{{Company-list table entry
| [[Empresas 1BC]]
| Consumer services
| Broadcasting & entertainment
| [[Caracas]]
| 1920
| Broadcasting
}}
{{Company-list table entry
| [[Empresas Polar]]
| Consumer goods
| Food & beverage
| [[Caracas]]
| 1941
| Brewer, other food and beverage
}}
{{Company-list table entry
| [[Envases Venezolanos]]
| Consumer goods
| Glass & tinning
| [[Caracas]]
| 1952
| Packaging
}}
{{Company-list table entry
| [[Flamingo Televisión]]
| Consumer services
| Broadcasting & entertainment
| [[Falcón]]
| 1990
| Local television
}}
{{Company-list table entry
| [[FM Center]]
| Consumer services
| Broadcasting & entertainment
| [[Caracas]]
| 1997
| Radio
}}
{{Company-list table entry
| [[Fondo Común]]
| Financials
| Banks
| [[Caracas]]
| 1963
| Bank
}}
{{Company-list table entry
| [[Fundacomez]]
| Consumer services
| Broadcasting & entertainment
| [[Zulia]]
| 2004
| Local television
}}
{{Company-list table entry
| [[Galopando TV]]
| Consumer services
| Broadcasting & entertainment
| [[Guárico]]
| 2004
| Local television
}}
{{Company-list table entry
| [[Global TV (Venezuela)]]
| Consumer services
| Broadcasting & entertainment
| [[Zulia]]
| 1990
| Local television
}}
{{Company-list table entry
| [[Globovisión]]
| Consumer services
| Broadcasting & entertainment
| [[Caracas]]
| 1994
| Television news network
}}
{{Company-list table entry
| [[Helados EFE, C.A.]]
| Consumer goods
| Food products
| [[Caracas]]
| 1926
| Ice cream, part of [[Empresas Polar]]
}}
{{Company-list table entry
| [[IPOSTEL]]
| Logistics
| Delivery services
| [[Caracas]]
| 1978
| Postal services
| state=y
}}
{{Company-list table entry
| [[Inter (Venezuelan broadcaster)|Inter]]
| Telecommunications
| Fixed line telecommunications
| [[Barquisimeto]]
| 1996
| Cable
}}
{{Company-list table entry
| [[Jaureguina TV]]
| Consumer services
| Broadcasting & entertainment
| [[La Grita]]
| 2004
| Local television
}}
{{Company-list table entry
| [[LAI – Línea Aérea IAACA]]
| Consumer services
| Airlines
| [[Barinas, Barinas|Barinas]]
| 1995
| Airline, defunct 2006
| defunct=y
}}
{{Company-list table entry
| [[LASER Airlines]]
| Consumer services
| Airlines
| [[Caracas]]
| 1993
| Airline
}}
{{Company-list table entry
| [[La Tele]]
| Consumer services
| Broadcasting & entertainment
| [[Caracas]]
| 2002
| Television network defunct, 2015
| defunct=y
}}
{{Company-list table entry
| [[Línea Turística Aereotuy]]
| Consumer services
| Airlines
| [[Caracas]]
| 1982
| Airline
}}
{{Company-list table entry
| [[MANPA]]
| Consumer goods
| Pulp and paper
| [[Caracas]]
| 1950
| Tissue paper
}}
{{Company-list table entry
| [[Mercantil Servicios Financieros]]
| Financials
| Financial services
| [[Caracas]]
| 1997
| Banking, insurance, wealth management
}}
{{Company-list table entry
| [[Meridiano Televisión]]
| Consumer services
| Broadcasting & entertainment
| [[Caracas]]
| 1996
| Sports television, part of [[Bloque De Armas]]
}}
{{Company-list table entry
| [[Michelena TV]]
| Consumer services
| Broadcasting & entertainment
| [[Michelena]]
| 2002
| Local television
}}
{{Company-list table entry
| [[Montaña TV]]
| Consumer services
| Broadcasting & entertainment
| [[Táchira]]
| 2004
| Local television
}}
{{Company-list table entry
| [[Monte Ávila Editores]]
| Consumer services
| Publishing
| [[Caracas]]
| 1968
| Publisher
}}
{{Company-list table entry
| [[Oritvisión]]
| Consumer services
| Broadcasting & entertainment
| [[Cedeño Municipality, Bolívar|Cedeño]]
| 2004
| Local television
}}
{{Company-list table entry
| [[PDVSA]]
| Oil & gas
| Exploration & production
| [[Caracas]]
| 1976
| State oil & gas
| state=y
}}
{{Company-list table entry
| [[PDVAL]]
| Consumer goods
| Food & beverage
| [[Caracas]]
| 2008
| Food supply network, part of [[PDVSA]]
| state=y
}}
{{Company-list table entry
| [[Promar TV]]
| Consumer services
| Broadcasting & entertainment
| [[Barquisimeto]]
| 1995
| Regional television
}}
{{Company-list table entry
| [[Puma TV]]
| Consumer services
| Broadcasting & entertainment
| [[Caracas]]
| 1995
| Television, defunct 2007
| defunct=y
}}
{{Company-list table entry
| [[Quijote TV]]
| Consumer services
| Broadcasting & entertainment
| [[Zulia]]
| 2006
| Local television
}}
{{Company-list table entry
| [[RCTV]]
| Consumer services
| Broadcasting & entertainment
| [[Caracas]]
| 1953
| Radio Caracas Televisión Internaciona, part of [[Empresas 1BC]]
}}
{{Company-list table entry
| [[RUTACA Airlines]]
| Consumer services
| Airlines
| [[Ciudad Bolívar]]
| 1974
| Airline
}}
{{Company-list table entry
| [[Centro Sambil|Sambil]]
| Consumer services
| Real estate development
| [[Caracas]]
| 1958
| Retail
}}
{{Company-list table entry
| [[SBA Airlines]]
| Consumer services
| Airlines
| [[Caracas]]
| 1995
| Airline
}}
{{Company-list table entry
| [[Servivensa]]
| Consumer services
| Airlines
| [[Caracas]]
| 1990
| Airline, part of [[Avensa]]
}}
{{Company-list table entry
| [[Sidetur]]
| Basic materials
| Iron & steel
| [[Caracas]]
| 1948
| Steel, part of [[Sivensa]]
}}
{{Company-list table entry
| [[SIDOR]]
| Basic materials
| Iron & steel
| [[Caracas]]
| 1953
| Steel
| state=y
}}
{{Company-list table entry
| [[Siguaraya TV]]
| Consumer services
| Broadcasting & entertainment
| [[Acarigua]]
| 2006
| Local television
}}
{{Company-list table entry
| [[Síragon]]
| Consumer goods
| Consumer electronics
| [[Valencia, Carabobo|Valencia]]
| 2004
| Appliances, computers, cell phones, TVs, white goods
}}
{{Company-list table entry
| [[Sivensa]]
| Basic materials
| Iron & steel
| [[Caracas]]
| 1948
| Steel
}}
{{Company-list table entry
| [[Sol América]]
| Consumer services
| Airlines
| [[Caracas]]
| 1980
| Domestic chartered airline
}}
{{Company-list table entry
| [[Sonográfica]]
| Consumer services
| Broadcasting & entertainment
| [[Caracas]]
| ?
| Record label
}}
{{Company-list table entry
| [[Supermercado De Candido]]
| Consumer services
| Retail
| [[Falcón]]
| 1950
| Supermarket chain
}}
{{Company-list table entry
| [[Survisión]]
| Consumer services
| Broadcasting & entertainment
| [[Arzobispo Chacón Municipality|Arzobispo Chacón]]
| 2004
| Local television
}}
{{Company-list table entry
| [[Tarmas TV]]
| Consumer services
| Broadcasting & entertainment
| [[Vargas (state)|Vargas]]
| 2002
| Local television
}}
{{Company-list table entry
| [[TELE N]]
| Consumer services
| Broadcasting & entertainment
| [[Maracaibo]]
| ?
| Regional news, defunct
| defunct=y
}}
{{Company-list table entry
| [[Telesur (TV channel)|Telesur]]
| Consumer services
| Broadcasting & entertainment
| [[Caracas]]
| 2005
| State broadcaster
| state=y
}}
{{Company-list table entry
| [[Teletambores TV]]
| Consumer services
| Broadcasting & entertainment
| [[Santa Rita, Venezuela|Santa Rita]]
| 2002
| Local television
}}
{{Company-list table entry
| [[Televen]]
| Consumer services
| Broadcasting & entertainment
| [[Caracas]]
| 1988
| Television network
}}
{{Company-list table entry
| [[Televisión Educativa (Venezuela)|Televisión Educativa]]
| Consumer services
| Broadcasting & entertainment
| ?
| 2009
| Educational television network
| state=y
}}
{{Company-list table entry
| [[Televisora Comunitaria de Rubio]]
| Consumer services
| Broadcasting & entertainment
| [[Rubio, Venezuela|Rubio]]
| 2006
| Local television
}}
{{Company-list table entry
| [[Televisora de Oriente]]
| Consumer services
| Broadcasting & entertainment
| [[Puerto la Cruz]]
| 1992
| Local television
}}
{{Company-list table entry
| [[Televisora Regional del Táchira]] (TRT)
| Consumer services
| Broadcasting & entertainment
| [[San Cristóbal, Táchira|San Cristóbal]]
| 1989
| Local television
}}
{{Company-list table entry
| [[TV Bailadores]]
| Consumer services
| Broadcasting & entertainment
| [[Bailadores]]
| 2004
| Local television
}}
{{Company-list table entry
| [[TV Familia]]
| Consumer services
| Broadcasting & entertainment
| [[Caracas]]
| 2000
| Local television
}}
{{Company-list table entry
| [[TV Llano]]
| Consumer services
| Broadcasting & entertainment
| [[San Juan de los Morros]]
| 1995
| Local television
}}
{{Company-list table entry
| [[TV Puerto]]
| Consumer services
| Broadcasting & entertainment
| [[Puerto la Cruz]]
| 2003
| Local television
}}
{{Company-list table entry
| [[TVS (Venezuela)]]
| Consumer services
| Broadcasting & entertainment
| [[Maracay]]
| 1994
| Local television
}}
{{Company-list table entry
| [[ULA TV]]
| Consumer services
| Broadcasting & entertainment
| [[Mérida, Mérida|Mérida]]
| 1999
| Regional television
}}
{{Company-list table entry
| [[Valdez TV]]
| Consumer services
| Broadcasting & entertainment
| [[Güiria]]
| 2005
| Local television
}}
{{Company-list table entry
| [[Vale TV]]
| Consumer services
| Broadcasting & entertainment
| [[Caracas]]
| 1998
| Local television
}}
{{Company-list table entry
| [[Venevisión]]
| Consumer services
| Broadcasting & entertainment
| [[Caracas]]
| 1961
| Television network, part of [[Grupo Cisneros]] (US)
}}
{{Company-list table entry
| [[Venezolana de Televisión]]
| Consumer services
| Broadcasting & entertainment
| [[Caracas]]
| 1964
| State television network
| state=y
}}
{{Company-list table entry
| [[Venezolana]]
| Consumer services
| Airlines
| [[Maracaibo]]
| 2001
| Low-cost airline
}}
{{Company-list table entry
| [[Vensecar Internacional]]
| Consumer services
| Airlines
| [[Caracas]]
| 1996
| Cargo airline
}}
{{Company-list table entry
| [[Vida TV]]
| Consumer services
| Broadcasting & entertainment
| [[Táchira]]
| 2003
| Local television
}}
{{Company-list table entry
| [[VIT, C.A.]]
| Technology
| Computer hardware
| [[Falcón]]
| 2005
| Laptops
}}
{{Company-list table entry
| [[ViVe Televisión]]
| Consumer services
| Broadcasting & entertainment
| [[Caracas]]
| 2003
| State television
| state=y
}}
{{Company-list table entry
| [[Women's Development Bank]]
| Financials
| Banks
| [[Caracas]]
| 2001
| Bank
}}
{{Company-list table entry
| Zamora TV
| Consumer services
| Broadcasting & entertainment
| [[Villa de Cura]]
| 2004
| Local television
}}
{{Company-list table entry
| [[Zuliana de Aviación]]
| Consumer services
| Airlines
| [[Maracaibo]]
| 1985
| Airline, defunct 2002
| defunct=y
}}
{{Company-list table entry
| [[Zuliana de Televisión]]
| Consumer services
| Broadcasting & entertainment
| [[Zulia]]
| 1998
| Regional television
}}
{{End}}
<gallery mode=packed>
File:Edificio BVC.jpg|The [[Caracas Stock Exchange]] in the [[El Rosal, Caracas|El Rosal]] district.
File:Plaza_Venezuela_Sunset.jpg|[[Plaza Venezuela]] in [[Caracas]].
File:Torre Provincial 1.jpg|[[BBVA Provincial]] headquarters in [[Caracas]].
</gallery>
== See also ==
* [[List of Venezuelan television channels]]
* [[List of Venezuelan cooperatives]]
==
{{reflist|colwidth=25em}}
{{Venezuela topics}}
{{South America topic|List of companies of}}
[[Category:Companies of Venezuela| ]]
[[Category:Lists of companies by country|Venezuela]]
[[Category:
|